Internet of Things (IoT) is one of the most cited terms within the communication research communities. Next generation wireless networks technologies are expected to have massive-connections of tens of billions of devices. Such a huge number of devices raised a number of concerns in regards to how much accessible resources are available and what are the best technologies for managing those resources

With the rapid development of wireless communication technology, various indoor location-based services (ILBSs) have gradually penetrated into daily life. Although many other methods have been proposed to be applied to ILBS in the past decade, WiFi-based positioning techniques with a wide range of infrastructure have attracted attention in the field of wireless transmission. In this survey, the authors

The issue of sparsity adaptive channel reconstruction in time-varying cooperative communication networks through the amplify-and-forward transmission scheme is studied. A new sparsity adaptive system identification method is proposed, namely reweighted norm ( ) penalised least mean square (LMS) algorithm. The main idea of the algorithm is to add a norm penalty of sparsity into the cost function of

The construction of mobile ad-hoc networks on the battlefield is mainly planned by staff or automatically planned with the help of network topology planning models in the network planning software. Most of these algorithms are actually more or less based on human knowledge or thinking ways to model network entities, environments, and rules, and the accuracy and rationality of models are not strong

In this study, two dynamic mechanisms are proposed to mitigate inter-cell interference (ICI) in the heterogeneous cellular network (HetCN) namely: Dynamic Fixed Region Cooperation (DFRC) and Dynamic Power Allocation Mechanism (DPAM). The DFRC allows serving mSCs and other interfering base stations (BSs) to cooperate during transmission of a signal to a user. The DPAM dynamically allocates power to

This study proposes an effective delay-aware packet forwarding (DAPF) for driving safety and efficiency in vehicular networks. Vehicular ad hoc networks have been an emerging technology for vehicular communication for the last few decades, but still, it has many challenging issues such as on-time dissemination of message at an emergency situation (e.g. accident and obstacle) to the vehicles having

Multi-carrier faster-than-Nyquist (MC-FTN) signalling, which is a non-orthogonal data transmission scheme, is broadly viewed as one of the potential candidates for the future high spectral-efficient communications. In this study, a discrete time-frequency packing scheme based on the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) block transmission for MC-FTN signalling (DBT-MC-FTN) is proposed. Firstly, by transforming

Sparse code multiple access (SCMA) is one of the non-orthogonal multiple access schemes to meet the demands of massive connection and high spectral efficiency in the 5G communications. Since the sparsity of the codebook, the message passing algorithm (MPA) can be utilised for multi-user detection. However, the high computational complexity of MPA hinders the practical application of SCMA. The extended

The convergence of fibre and wireless technologies realised the fibre-wireless (FiWi) networks. Despite huge capacity offered by fibre, the user experiences a network bottleneck caused by the wireless side. This study investigates wireless local area network (WLAN), the wireless side of the FiWi networks with a gigabits passive optical network (GPON) as the backhaul. The work aims to improve WLAN performance

The ultra-dense network (UDN) has been identified as a promising solution to accommodate a tremendously increasing number of traffic. Clustering for small cell base stations is considered as an efficient frequency resource management scheme. In this study, the authors propose a flexible clustering algorithm to achieve traffic load balancing between clusters as well as reduced inter-cell interference

In this study, a two-way full-duplex amplify-and-forward relay network is considered in which two multi-antenna fullduplex user nodes manage to exchange their information via a full-duplex multi-antenna relay. The users and relay can concurrently transmit their symbols in all time slots in the same frequency band, which leads to self-interference (SI) at all nodes. The joint beamforming algorithm is

To prolong the time duration of smart mobile devices (SMDs) or enable low-latency tasks, mobile edge computing (MEC) has emerged as a promising paradigm by offloading tasks to nearby MEC servers (MECSs). In this study the authors propose an optimisation problem to minimise the weighted sum of the total delay and energy consumption of all SMDs in a multi-MECS-multi-SMD network via multi-dimensional

Identifying the location of randomly deployed sensor nodes in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is a major challenge because sensor nodes have limited energy and computational capacity. This study presents a low complexity, scalable, and energy-efficient localisation scheme capable of localising dense as well as sparse deployment of nodes using a single beacon node (SBN). The nodes act in passive listening

Blind signal modulation recognition is an essential block for designing a cognitive radio. Different algorithms are developed in the literature, but few are given with detailed implementation. This study proposes a software-defined radio based implementation of blind signal modulation recogniser (BSMR) on field-programmable gate array (FPGA), which works without any prior knowledge of the received

In this paper, the authors consider an underlay multi-hop cognitive radio network with energy harvesting secondary nodes, where there is a cluster of secondary decode-and-forward relays in each hop. The secondary nodes have no separate energy source available with them, but wake up from idle mode to harvest energy from the primary signal with the time-switching protocol, and use it for transmitting/relaying

Massive multi-input–multi-output (MIMO) is expected to be an eminent technique to meet the demands of high system capacity and data rates of wireless networks in 5G wireless communication. However due to inherent imperfections of the transmitter such as power-amplifier (PA) non-linearity and crosstalk, practically, the signal quality suffers and does not reap sufficient benefits from the various MIMO

A new idea regarding the generation of a block code for a code rate of 1/2 and less than 1/2 is developed here. The minimum distance between the codewords can be maximised using a suitable transformation of the P matrix in the generator matrix G of the block code. This study gives the construction of distance increasing mapping (DIM) such that the proposed code is a variable distance modified block

Cognitive radio (CR) concept is turning out as a prominent approach used in the wireless communication network for increasing spectrum efficiency by opportunistically and mutually sharing the spectrum of contemporary networks. CR can bear high traffic loads during emergencies and major disasters by overcoming the limitations like lack of network capacity. The fundamental issues pertaining the implementation

Clustering is an important method for extending the network life of each node in wireless sensor networks. Owing to the untrustworthy environment, these nodes unintentionally sacrifice their energy and lost their life which is a major challenge and requires appropriate attention for smooth communication. Thus energy efficiency and network life period both are major concerns in critical and sensitive

This study aimed at analysing intercarrier interference (ICI) of filter bank multicarrier signals which are made by hyperbolic fractional Fourier transform, depend on optimum order of transform for the Internet of Things applications. Calculation of ICI power based on joint time and frequency selective fading channel has been derived. The upper bound of ICI power has been found as an applicable equation

This study investigates codes in the term-rank metric. These codes can be used to correct crisscross errors in a ( $ M \times N $M×N ) matrix. These errors can be found in memory chip arrays, in magnetic tape recordings, or in the parallel-channel system with interference. In this study, the authors will build an algorithm for computing term-rank of a matrix and new construction of term-rank codes

In this study, the authors explore a wireless network consisting of multiple smart terminals relying on multi-mode in the presence of an eavesdropper, where the eavesdropper may be deployed to wiretap the wireless communications deliberately. In general, a smart terminal can be switched between the licensed modes (e.g. LTE) and the unlicensed modes (e.g. WiFi) according to user's demands (e.g. costs)

This study considers a downlink power consumption problem for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs)-assisted wireless communications, in which UAVs are used as aerial base stations to provide service for the ground users and equipped with a directional antenna of fixed beamwidth. Moreover, the on-board circuit power of UAV is taking into consideration. The authors derive a closed-form expression for the

In this study, joint users selection and beamforming based on users positioning are proposed for enabling non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) in the millimetre-wave (mmWave) transmissions. In the proposed scheme, the mmWave users are arranged in descending order based on their estimated distances from the mmWave base station (BS), which guarantees the users ordering based on their line-of-sight availability

Massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems with hundreds of correlated antennas at base station are capable of offering abundant spatial resources. When spatial-domain modulation is applied to these systems, the spatial modulation (SM) using only one radiofrequency chain benefits practical implementation, but suffers from significantly reduced multiplexing gain offered by the massive number

In this study, the authors analyse the downlink (DL) performance of dynamic-time division duplexing (D-TDD) enabled millimetre-wave (mmWave) network with different base station (BS) heights using a channel model that incorporates the effect of shadowed fading. Modelling the combined effect of small and large (shadowing) scale fadings with $k-\mu $k−μ shadowed fading, they provide a general framework

Hybrid precoding, combining the digital and analogue precoding, is a key enabler to reach a compromise between system performance and hardware complexity in millimetre wave (mmWave) massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems. Most previous studies on hybrid precoding considered narrowband channels. However, mmWave systems are expected to operate on wideband channels with frequency selectivity

This study introduces an accurate design and optimisation of a passive optical code division multiple access (OCDMA) network encoder using the coupled cavity waveguide (CCW) as an optical delay line. Such CCW has the capability of providing more time delay with minimum encoder size. The proposed design and analysis are based on the two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystal (PhC) structure. Additionally

Internet of things (IoT) is one of the modern technologies, developing existing cellular communication networks to the emerging fifth-generation technology. The traffic modelling of IoT applications is different from the recommended traffic modelling of a Human-type communication. Numerous unstructured data arise from rapid growth of IoT heterogeneous networks and services. One of challenges occurs

A novel direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation method based on electronically controlled beam scanning leaky-wave antenna (LWA) combined with estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance techniques (ESPRIT) algorithm is proposed. In order to implement this method, a virtual partial pattern synthesis method is presented to construct an array manifold of subarrays from LWA for the ESPRIT

This study proposes a scheme to realise secure orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) wireless communication between two full duplex nodes—node A and node B. If node A wants to send secret messages to node B, node A and node B transmit the training signal to each other to acquire channel state information (CSI) in the first time frame. Node A acquires the phases of the received signal from

Wireless sensor network (WSN) consists of spatially distributed miniature size and autonomous nodes along with batteries as a power source. The major bottleneck of WSN is efficient energy utilization. The energy consumption for transmission of signals increases with the distance. This problem of energy consumption is addressed in this study. This study presents a strategy, namely distance-based dynamic

The need to maximise energy efficiency (EE) for device-to-device (D2D) communication has become an urgent necessity for the fifth-generation wireless networks. In this study, the power allocation problem is considered for the cellular system underlaid with D2D users (DUs) to maximise the EE for the whole network. Firstly, the random distribution of DUs and cellular users (CUs) are described by utilising

Breaking down botnets has always been a big challenge. The robustness of command and control (C&C) channels is increased, and the detection of botmaster is harder in peer-to-peer (P2P) botnets. In this study, the authors proposed a probabilistic method to reconstruct the topologies of the C&C channel for P2P botnets. Due to the geographic dispersion of P2P botnet members, it is not possible to supervise

In this study, the problem of adaptive modulation and frame length (AMFL) is investigated in long-term evolution for railway (LTE-R) communication system. By considering the effect of frame length, a novel AMFL strategy based on Moore state machine (MSM) is proposed. The influence of the frame length on the goodput is discussed by theoretical analysis and simulation evaluation. According to modulation

Holographic data storage (HDS) can access data in a short amount of time and can also quickly transmit data because HDS records and reads data in units of pages. Thus HDS is regarded as a promising candidate for future optical recording storage systems. Conventional storage systems such as CD, DVD, and HDD have one-dimensional (1D) inter-symbol interference (ISI). However, HDS has a 2D ISI that degrades

The Cognitive Radio (CR) plays a key role in identifying free bandwidths in the Radio Frequency (RF) spectrum. High-speed Analog-to-Digital Converters are normally applied for spectrum sensing of sideband signals providing several raw data for digital signal processors resulted in energy-inefficient complex circuits and hardware resources in digital signal processing blocks. In some instances, the

There are two main classes of decision fusion methods, namely hard decision fusion (HD) and soft decision fusion (SD), in which the number of bits transmitted by each local sensor to the fusion centre (FC) is always same, namely one bit in HD and n ( n ≥ 2) bits in SD. However, considering that there is always a limit of bandwidth in a distributed detection system, the number of bits sent by each local

Directional antennas in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have several advantages including the enhanced capacity of the network, longer range of transmission, better spatial reuse and lower interference. By enhancing the alleviating contention and the range of communication, the directional antennas improve the performance of WSNs. In common, various methods like localisation, power management, data

This study analyses the performance of downlink non-orthogonal multiple-access (NOMA) networks over independent but not necessarily identically distributed Rayleigh fading channels by deriving closed-form expressions for the average signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR), average achievable rate, and outage probability of all network users. Moreover, SINR-based power allocation strategies are

Exploiting aerial base stations (A-BSs) in conjunction with terrestrial base stations (T-BSs) is an effective solution to provide uniform coverage everywhere, and anytime. However, the addition of A-BSs in an existing terrestrial network would intensify the inter-cell interference to user equipment, leads to a degraded signal-to-interference-ratio. There is a need to exploit inter-cell-interference-coordination

Low-voltage broadband power line communication (PLC) system transmits its information by the power line on the existed infrastructure. However, PLC attenuation and its harsh environment make it difficult to establish a reliable communication between the source and destination nodes, and relay-aided (RA) PLC technology can be used to solve this issue to increase the transmission rate and coverage. In

Owing to the growing proliferation of machine type communication devices and other high-end devices in conventional human-to-human (H2H) communication, it is inevitable that these types of communications will co-exist with each other in the next generation of cellular communications. This study investigates an uplink cellular network with machine-to-machine (M2M) and H2H co-existence, where a machine

Based on martingale theory, the authors explore a novel method to analyse the bound of delay violation probability for aggregate traffic in this study. The proposed arrival model, four-state Markov modulated multinomial process, describes the behaviour of mixed service flows, which depicts the packet arrival process of two interweaved services and highlights the arrival characteristics of the batch

Recently non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) technique has been proposed for boosting spectral efficiencies in 5G cellular networks. In NOMA the transmitter maps a predefined number of user symbols on to the same resources. The conventional receiver for NOMA is the well-known serial interference cancellation. To overcome the problem of high overhead signalling, a receiver with an automatic modulation

Millimetre wave (mmWave) signal is promising for the challenge of bandwidth shortage and can motivate the research on large-scale antenna arrays. In this paper, the authors investigate the hybrid precoding design that combines with a radio frequency (RF) precoder and a digital precoder for multi-user multiple-input single-output (MU-MISO) systems with large-scale antenna arrays. In practical large-scale

Cooperative device-to-device (D2D) wireless systems use relays such as amplify-and-forward (AaF) and decode-and-forward (DaF). The AaF relay is simple to implement but amplifies noise as well. Conventional DaF relay does decoding and acts as a regenerative relay, hence deliver better noise performance. In this study, the authors generalise the cooperative D2D model by designing power adaptive decode-and-forward

In this work, a full-duplex (FD) variable gain amplify-and-forward multi-relay cooperative-diversity system with(out) a direct path (DP) between the source and destination is studied over independent identically (non-identically) distributed slow Rayleigh fading channels. Generalised relay selection, i.e. generalised selection transmission (GST) over relays is investigated for two extreme cases; single

To achieve the expected attractive potential of massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), accurate match between the receiver and the actual channel is necessary. Due to the channel aging, this kind of mismatch appears in the vast majority of practical propagations. Consequently, the impact of channel aging for massive MIMO is investigated in this study. The authors first propose an equivalent

Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) has been integrated with beamspace multi-input multi-output (MIMO) to enhance system spectrum efficiency (SE) by serving more than one user per dedicated radio frequency (RF) chain. However, balancing the system performance with significant RF reduction is still challenging. In this study, the authors propose beamspace MIMO-NOMA system based on signal alignment

One of the most essential challenges of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is the limited energy of their nodes. Compressive data gathering (CDG) and sleep scheduling are two practical solutions to extend the lifetime of such networks. However, applying these techniques incorrectly may lead to having significant reconstruction errors. This study proposes a fully distributed method to combine these two

Frequency-hopped M-ary frequency-shift-keyed (FH-MFSK) has the ability to handle with long multipath, large Doppler spreads, high ambient noise and rapid phase fluctuation, and is proved to be a robust modulation scheme in mobile shallow underwater acoustic channels. Aiming at this topic, a convolutionally encoded FH-MFSK modulation scheme with a novel iterative multi-channel reception is proposed

Here, the authors study the novel problem of optimising access point (AP) association by maximising the network throughput, subject to the degree bound of AP. The formulated problem is a combinatorial optimisation. They resort to the Markov Chain approximation technique to design a distributed algorithm. They first approximate their optimal objective via Log-Sum-Exp function. Thereafter, they construct

Cognitive radio (CR) technology is getting extensive attention to eliminate the problem of spectrum scarcity. This technology is based on Software Defined Radio (SDR) and some integrated intelligent functions such as spectrum sensing. This function is one of the crucial elements and its hardware implementation is important for the practical realization of the CR. This paper presents experimental results

Massive multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO) is a fifth-generation wireless technology that equips the cellular base stations (BSs) with a very large number of antenna and is a communication technique of serving several users. Aiming at the problem of the high computational complexity of linear channel estimation and linear decoding in massive MIMO systems, this study proposes two low-complexity decoding

The intrinsic broadcast nature of wireless communication let the attackers to initiate several passive attacks such as eavesdropping. In this attack, the attackers do not disturb/stop or interrupt the communication channel, but it will silently steal the information between authentic users. For this purpose, physical layer security (PLS) is one of the promising methodologies to secure wireless transmissions

In this study, the authors propose a simultaneous wireless information and power transfer scheme based on the power-splitting (PS) protocol for a massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) network. On the downlink, the base station transmits the information and energy simultaneously to each terminal and each terminal divides the received signals by its PS device between information decoder and energy

Intrusion detection systems assume a noteworthy job in the provision of security in wireless Sensor networks. The existing intrusion detection systems focus only on the detection of the known types of attacks. However, it neglects to recognise the new types of attacks, which are introduced by malicious users leading to vulnerability and information loss in the network. In order to address this challenge

In 2019, 5G was introduced and it is being gradually deployed all over the world. 5G introduces new concepts, such as network slicing to better support various applications with different performance requirements on data rate and latency; and edge and cloud computing that will be responsible for the leverage of computational requirements. This study aims to describe the functions and features of the

To explore the potential of machine learning-based cooperative spectrum sensing (CSS) in training time, classification speed and classification performance, this study mainly focuses on studying the problem of the feature vectors selecting for machine learning-based CSS. First, a new machine learning-based CSS framework is presented, in which, energy vector forming module, feature vector conversion