Abstract The designs of a warm (uncooled) aperture diaphragm in a gas-filled cryostat with a matrix photodetector sensitive in the infrared spectral range are studied numerically and experimentally. It is shown that for the chosen design of a warm aperture diaphragm, a \(384\times 288\) pixel matrix photodetector is cooled by liquid nitrogen to operating temperatures (85 K) in less than 40 seconds

Abstract A modification of the method of digital holographic interferometry for the determination of deformations of an object with a diffuse surface by comparing two complex wavefronts reflected from the object at its two different states is considered. The difference of the proposed method with classical digital holography methods is that digital holograms by which the images are reconstructed have

Abstract The peculiarities of image formation of a volume asymmetric ideally absorbing edge, the main fragment of extended (in depth) plates of constant thickness, in diffraction limited projection system are analytically studied with application to the size inspection of 3D objects. The structures and profiles of intensities in the images of the front and rear faces of object are investigated at small

Abstract The developed classical machine learning models based on linear models and decision trees, the modern algorithms of convolutional neural networks, and the neural network autoencoder are compared in solving the problem of predictive detection of pre-failure and failure states of aircraft engines. The NASA data set includes the sensor readings reflecting the life cycle of aircraft engines. Several

Abstract A modification of the fast algorithm for the bandwidth selection of kernel functions in a nonparametric probability density estimate of the Rosenblatt–Parzen type is proposed. Fast algorithms for optimizing kernel estimates of probability densities make it possible to significantly reduce the calculation time when selecting their smoothing parameters (bandwidths) in comparison with the traditional

Abstract An algorithm for solving an optimal control problem with terminal constraints is developed. The optimal control problem with terminal constraints and constraints on the control parameter is formulated. To solve the problem, a numerical algorithm based on the penalty method and genetic algorithms is described. A computational experiment is performed for the synthesis reaction of phthalic anhydride

Abstract The method for reconstructing object images in cross-sections using a circular antenna array when sounding space by an ultrasonic monochromatic wave is proposed. The image reconstruction is carried out by scanning the internal structure of the object placed inside the circle controlled by the focus of the circular antenna array. An algorithm for controlling the phase shift modules in the elementary

Abstract High-speed algorithms for detecting and localizing randomly distributed pulse point objects capable of generating instantaneous delta pulses at random time instances. The search is carried out using the reception device (detector), which can freely move within the search interval and dynamically adjust the size of the scanning window. In this work the a priori information about the distribution

Abstract A simple-to-implement technique for measuring radial clearances with controlled precision due to decreasing random components of errors is considered. The quantitative estimates of precision, performance, and efficiency of the proposed technique are provided. This technique is stochastic, is based on characteristics of random errors and on periodicity of blade wheel rotation, and allows obtaining

Abstract A new algorithm of 6-coordinate tracking of a moving object on a sequence of RGB-images that is based on the convolutional neural network is proposed. Training the neural network is carried out by using the synthesized data of the object with a dynamic model of motion. A Kalman filter is included into the feedback from the network output to its input to obtain a smoothed estimate of the object

Abstract A dynamic clustering algorithm for temperature signals is considered. It is used for solving the problem of distinguishing climatic regions characterized by a certain homogeneous climate type within the boundaries of the region on the Earth’s surface. A numerical experiment implemented with the aim of estimating its stability is described. The reference signal model used in the numerical experiment

Abstract A method for reconstructing functionally defined surfaces by stereo images of real objects is proposed. A known approach to the computation of 3D models by silhouette images in the object space is used for preprocessing. The depth map is calculated using a well-known algorithm based on area with correlation of image intensity levels. In order to reconstruct a smooth surface with a compact

Abstract Processes of acoustooptical interaction at infralow frequencies with the use of seismic vibrators as sources of low-frequency acoustic oscillations propagating in the atmosphere and laser measuring lines as optical receivers of oscillations are studied. The proposed types of the source and receiver in the interest of studying the acoustooptical interaction determine the novelty and originality

Abstract Using the previously developed numerical-analytic method for describing input and output parameters of a the multidimensional dynamical object for the given domain of admissibility (Part I), the paper develops a method for optimal estimating the values of continuous linear functionals (numerical characteristics) of measurable parameters based on incorrect data that contains not only fluctuation

Abstract Wavelet filtration algorithms are widely used for image processing; the majority of them are of threshold character: the wavelet decomposition coefficient whose value is smaller than some threshold value is equated to zero, otherwise, this coefficient is subjected to some (mostly nonlinear) transform which is defined by the used threshold function. When filtering contrast images, such treatment

Abstract The effect of the different surface treatment of Hg\({}_{1-x}\)Cd\({}_{x}\)Te (CMT) films before the atomic layer deposition of Al\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{3}\) dielectric on the charge at the dielectric–semiconductor interface has been studied. Metal–dielectric–semiconductor (MDS) structures with different surface treatment before the deposition of a dielectric have been manufactured. The capacitance–voltage

Abstract The paper states the operating principles of subminiature semiconductor emitters and offers the research results of the performance for those emitters that were developed and manufactured at the Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor physics of SB RAS over the last three years. Single photon emitter based on Al\({}_{x}\)In\({}_{1-x}\)As/Al\({}_{y}\)Ga\({}_{1-y}\)As quantum dots has been developed

Abstract The characteristics of MIS structures based on insulating PbSnTe:In films grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) with compositions near the band inversion are studied. It is shown that a number of their features can be induced by a ferroelectric phase transition with the Curie temperature in the range of 15-20 K. The injection and detection of spin-polarized electrons in PbSnTe:In are studied

Abstract It is demonstrated that it is possible to use the ammonia molecular beam epitaxy for growing structurally perfect high-ohmic GaN layers which allow generating SiN/Al(Ga)N/GaN heterostructures for transistors with a high mobility of electrons. The growth conditions are determined for GaN layers with smooth surface morphology (with a mean-squared deviation of \({\sim}\)2 nm) appropriate for

Abstract The paper reviews studies of the Laboratory of Theoretical Physics of the Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences. Two research directions are discussed: transport properties of two-dimensional excitonic systems and electron transport in two-dimensional topological insulators. Particular attention is given to excitonic systems in the mode of

Abstract We provide a review of the current state, problems and their solutions, and potential possibilities to develop the technology of the Molecular Beam epitaxy (MBE) to obtain CdHgTe structures on various substrates for infrared detectors. We present the data about MBE supervacuum units control tools for growth processes, collected according to used substrates preparation processes for substrate

Abstract A brief overview of experimental and theoretical studies on the use of single neutral atoms captured in arrays of optical dipole traps as qubits of a quantum computer is presented. Methods for loading and registering atoms in traps, and performing two-qubit quantum logic gates via dipole-dipole interaction during short-term laser excitation of atoms into Rydberg states are discussed.

Abstract A review of recent results and new data on the study of the optical response from semiconductor nanocrystals obtained using plasmon-enhanced optical spectroscopy, including surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and plasmon-enhanced IR absorption, is presented. These methods are based on the amplification of the phonon response of semiconductor nanocrystals located in the field of localized

Abstract The results of investigating the generation of strained nanoheterostructures based on compounds with materials of group IV (Ge, Si, Sn) are presented. It is established how silver, tin, and lead atoms diffuse over the surface and what temperature dependences of diffusion coefficients are specific to atoms of these elements. It is shown that the diffusion of silver, tin, and lead atoms follows

Abstract The article presents a review of the design and manufacturing technology, methods and results of research on optical spectra and reflection kinetics of coupled quantum wells A\({}_{3}\)B\({}_{5}\), as well as the results of using optical gates developed on their basis for femtosecond laser mode locking Yb\({}^{3+}\):KY(WO\({}_{4})_{2}\) with a high pulse repetition rate (about 1 GHz).

Abstract A new type of AlGaAs/InGaAs/GaAs heterostructures with energy barriers formed in the AlGaAs transistor layers adjacent to the InGaAs channel, modulation-doped with donors and acceptors is presented. The height of the barriers associated with the potential of the space charge region in AlGaAs layers reaches 0.8 eV, which makes it possible to double the concentration of electrons in the channel

Abstract The article presents how the understanding of the fundamental processes of self-organization and morphological transformations of the atomically clean Si(111) surface as a result of the study using in situ ultrahigh vacuum reflection electron microscopy can be applied to metrology. The method of high-resolution transmission electron microscopy is used to show that the native oxide formed on

Abstract Using in situ ultrahigh vacuum reflection electron microscopy, three modes of the etching kinetics of the Si(111) surface with a selenium molecular beam are revealed. In the low temperature region (\(\lesssim\) 650\({}^{\circ}\)C depending on the Se deposition rate), the etching kinetics is limited by the energy of formation and desorption of SiSe\({}_{2}\) molecules and the surface is completely

Abstract The effect of the growth rate (flow density of In atoms) on the composition of InAs\({}_{x}\)Sb\({}_{1-x}\)(100) solid solutions at molecular beam epitaxy is experimentally studied using the flows of As\({}_{2}\) and Sb\({}_{4}\) molecules. It is established that the increase in the growth rate at constant fraction of As\({}_{2}\) and Sb\({}_{4}\) molecules in the flow of molecules of group

Abstract The possibility of the fabrication of film axicons with large focal lengths is shown experimentally. The fabrication technology includes vacuum deposition of layers of chalcogenide glass of variable thickness, which varies linearly depending on the substrate radius. Axicons with focal lengths up to 15 m are obtained.

Abstract Molecular bands OH (306.1 nm), CH (430.18 nm), H\({}_{2}\)O (714–980 nm), C\({}_{2}\) (515.55 nm), NH (336 nm), NO (358.26 nm) have been identified (the most intense edges are shown in parentheses) in the plasma radiation spectra inside the low-emission combustion chamber of a gas turbine engine. This allows the ratio of their intensities to be used for controlling the working parameters of

Abstract The features of far field diffraction phenomena on cylindrical (metal) objects of small diameters (0.01–0.5 mm) are investigated taking into account their reflective properties within the framework of the Kirchhoff–Fresnel scalar theory of light diffraction. The calculations used a screen-type cylinder model (of zero thickness). The reflected far field component was calculated by the stationary

Abstract Basing on the structural lighting method, we develop a contactless system of the alignment control for weapon barrels. We propose and design a construction of a compact optical sound using a diffraction optical element to expose the barrel bore. We provide processing algorithms for images obtained under the scanning of the barrel bore; then, using these algorithms, we restore the 3\(D\)-shape

Abstract Silicon photonics is the most important technological platform for creating a variety of functional optical elements, including promising types of optical sensors. Moreover, in recent years, 20% of all publications on silicon photonics are devoted to the development of various versions of optical sensors. Their advantage steams from the combination of high technical parameters with the possibility

Abstract The new experimental data on the dynamics of diffraction efficiency (DE) of superimposed volume reflection holograms with a grating period of \({\sim}\)250 nm is obtained at their simultaneous recording in the photopolymer material BAYFOL HX TP. The character and parameters of their interaction are established when exposure of one hologram is delayed relative to the other one. It is revealed

Abstract The article considers the possibility of constructing laser Doppler velocity vector meters based on a bichromatic source of spatially combined Gaussian or Bessel beams, the two-wave single-channel Bragg acousto-optic modulator with a ratio of ultrasonic wave frequencies equal to the ratio of the wave numbers of diffracted laser beams. The spatial, chromatic, and frequency structure of the

Abstract The possibility of determining deformations of large-sized objects by structured illumination is considered. The method is based on projection of sinusoidal fringe patterns on the surface of the object under study. Using the step-by-step phase shift allows one to distinguish information about the phase distribution reflecting the surface relief. Comparison of phase distributions before and

Abstract A method and physical and technical design of the laser heterodyne tomography of scattering properties of thick photosensitive materials (media) in the reflection mode are proposed. The method is based on the acoustooptic scanning of a test reflection grating recorded in the medium and on the layer-by-layer collinear heterodyne analysis of the scattered field. The formulas for estimating the

Abstract The influence of spatial inhomogeneity of the photoelectric characteristics of a matrix photodetector (PDD) on the quality of detection of small-sized objects in the image formed by it is considered. It is shown that in the conditions of spatially inhomogeneous natural noise of the PDD, the traditionally applied two-point correction is not optimal for subsequent matched image filtering performed

Abstract A single-frequency all-fiber thulium doped laser with distributed feedback is presented. The fiber Bragg grating with a phase shift, which is the cavity of the laser, is written in a highly-doped 36-mm segment of the thulium-doped fiber. The highest power of the single-frequency generation on the wavelength of 1919 nm reaches up to 80 mW at the power of the pumping radiation of 1.1 W. The

Abstract A brief survey of present-day achievements in quantum informatics is presented. Advantages of quantum computers are shown by an example of simplest quantum algorithms. Application of ultracold atoms for the implementation of quantum processors is considered.

Abstract We propose a method to control the multi-element mirror system of the telescope of the space observatory ‘‘Millimetron’’ under its tuning taking place after the opening on the orbit. For the preliminary control of the location of reflector elements, the laser rangefinder is used; for the final control, the optical method of the Foucault knife is used. We compute the optical scheme of the control

Abstract The methods based on processing video data have shown their efficiency in many areas of agriculture and forestry. Nevertheless, they are not enough accurate for classification of barely discernible objects and types of plants, which can be provided only using hyperspectral sensors. However, such devices by now were expensive and difficult in operation and were used mostly on satellites and

Abstract Using the experimental setup for poling film samples with capability of continuous monitoring of generation signal of second harmonic, the conditions of effective orientation of chromophore molecules based on polyfluoro-substituted triaryl pyrazoline and dicyan-substituted isophoron in micron films of polycarbonate are determined. The second harmonic is excited with the pulse Nd:YAG laser

Abstract A method for vertical adjustment of displacement control of measuring beam flare spot for absolute laser ballistic gravimeters is described. This method is based on video registration of displacement trajectory of the measuring beam reflected from the corner reflector during the free fall of a body. The values and directions of the measuring beam angle relative to the vertical were determined

Abstract The paper describes a test workbench and its automation for studying a heat generator based on the Taylor–Couette flow between independently rotating multi-cylinder rotors. The technique of analyzing the spectra of pulsations of the drag force torque induced by the rotation of the heat generator rotors was used to study the flow structure. We present the techniques for recording the generated

Abstract A control algorithm based on the required differential equations of deviations is proposed to solve the problem of tracing the desired trajectory by target position. The flight path is planned on the basis of the author’s method of calculation of a flat trajectory consisting of oriented segments of straight lines connected by Euler spirals. The software and hardware complex of the automatic

Abstract Some results of the study of different circuits implementing the simultaneous mode locking and Q-switching of a resonator with the use of a spherical mirror and a travelling-wave acoustooptical modulator (SMAOM method) in a \(\textrm{Nd}:\textrm{YAG}\) laser are considered. The output time and energy characteristics are presented for a diode-pumped \(\textrm{Nd}:\textrm{YAG}\) laser with SMAOM

Abstract Delay in detecting the position and boundaries of the plasma confined by a tokamak increases plasma instability and decreases the accuracy of plasma control in tokamak. In this article, two techniques called ‘‘periodogram’’ and ‘‘cross-spectral analysis’’ are used to provide a quantitative approach for computing the time delay between data received by two diversity coils from one source (plasma

Abstract The possibility of forming a complex of spasers inside artificially created closed membranes (liposomes) is studied experimentally. The localization of the complexes inside liposomes is confirmed using a scanning confocal microscope. It is demonstrated that spasers retain their performance. The results show the liposome-encapsulated spasers can be effective theranostic agents.

Abstract One of the important problems of automatic threshold image segmentation by brightness are questions of the number of brightness classes and, as a consequence, the required number of thresholds. The solution to the problem of estimating the number of classes in an image is often based on representing its distribution as a mixture of distributions of brightness classes. It is known that this

Abstract Two algorithms for the determination of optical vortex coordinates are considered. In the first one, the vortex is found by branching of interference pattern fringes; in the second one, as a result of processing of the wavefront gradient distribution. It is shown that both algorithms allow one to record the coordinates with a high accuracy; in addition, it is possible to determine shifts of

Abstract The estimation of the scale parameter of the generalized Weibull probability density function by the criterion of the conditional risk minimum is considered and analyzed. Optimal estimates of the envelope intensity of the signals reflected from extended objects are obtained, provided that the intervals in the motion of these objects are independent random variables. These estimates are compared

Abstract The mathematical model for estimating a standard deviation of beat interference generated during photodetection of subcarrier signals with QPSK and M-QAM modulation formats is considered. The theory and the results of computer simulation are used to derive a formula for calculating the spectral distribution of beat interference depending on the number of signals and used modulation formats

Abstract The results of numerical studies of the effect of roundoff errors on the distribution of test statistics of statistical hypotheses are presented. The effect of the roundoff on the distribution of statistics of different goodness-of-fit and homogeneity tests is investigated. It is shown that, when the roundoff errors in the analyzed samples are comparable with the standard deviation of the

Abstract The article analyzes the method of pointing a high-spatial-resolution solar telescope with an angular field of view smaller than the angular size of the solar disk using an auxiliary guide telescope with the field of view covering the entire disk of the Sun and its surroundings. The requirements for the resolution of the telescope, pointing modes, and the structural diagram of the pointing

Abstract The paper develops a method for describing and estimating the state of a multidimensional dynamical object including the numerical-analytical representation of the general solution to the differential equation for the dynamical object and its measurable output, accounting for the domain of admissibility of time values and initial condition and of the uncertainty parameters in the right-hand

Abstract A brief review of works devoted to theoretical and experimental studies of structural and polarization transformations of laser beams in anisotropic crystals is presented. Generation of laser beams with a complex polarization-phase state is shown. It is demonstrated that adaptive tuning of structural and polarization-phase states can be carried out by relatively slow changes in the parameters

Abstract The possibility of using a digital micromirror device (DMD) for implementing the optical encryption with time integration in quasimonochromatic spatially incoherent light is considered. An experimental setup for optical registration of image to be encrypted on a digital camera is presented. Images containing text and graphic information are encrypted and successfully decrypted using inverse

Abstract Spectral diffraction lenses that have the same focusing distance for several specified wavelengths are proposed as a basis for a point light source with several specified wavelengths. A spectral diffraction lens designed to focus three wavelengths, 462, 608, and 952 nm (the wavelengths used to excite tubulin \(\beta\) fluorescence), is considered. For the production of spectral lenses, the