Meshless time domain methods allow flexible distribution of nodes in the computational domain. The radial point interpolation method (RPIM) in electromagnetics with Gaussian radial basis functions (RBFs) requires global interpolation matrices with large condition numbers even for simple problems such as eigenvalue analysis of a circular waveguide. In addition, nonorthogonal grids in such problems demand

In this letter, the compact multilayer differential corrugated substrate integrated waveguide (CSIW) and half-mode CSIW (HMCSIW) are designed by two vertically stacked identical CSIW and HMCSIW, respectively, and an aperture is etched on the common ground between them. Both the CSIW and HMCSIW have only one nonzero vertical electric field component in host waveguide. Under the common-mode (CM) operation

In this letter, high-selective bandpass filters, in the printed ridge gap waveguide technology, are presented. The filters are designed to perform 4.68% fractional bandwidth at center frequency $f_{0}$ = 24.78 GHz. In the proposed filters, to obtain high selectivity, a cross-coupling between the nonadjacent resonators and also a coupling between the input and output ports to create an extra pair of

This letter proposes a large group delay microstrip circuit using a quarter wavelength symmetric coupled open stub (SCOS) and collocated double slot at 2.4 GHz. A design approach based on matching the quality factor ( $Q$ ) of SCOSs and slot loaded line is proposed to arrive at the physical parameters of these resonators. It has been shown that coupled lines with collocated double ground slots have

A $V$ -band low-dc-power wide-locking-range divide-by-6 injection-locked frequency divider (ILFD) using a 90-nm CMOS process is proposed in this letter. The proposed innovative topology is composed of current-reused oscillation cores with transformer coupling. Moreover, the dc bias of the injectors can be properly applied to widen the locking range (LR). With a core dc power of 5.6 mW and an input

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A compact high-resolution reconfigurable phase-tuning line (RPTL) based on self-shielded 3-D interdigital capacitors is presented in this letter. Such a capacitor with high- $Q$ and self-shielded characteristics is used to implement the digitally switchable capacitor array in the RPTL, which is integrated with a coplanar waveguide and can lead to merits of the low loss, high phase-tuning resolution

In this letter, we present a systematic design method for a reflectionless bandstop filter using distributed-element resonators. One unique feature of the presented filter structure is that it is capable of producing a broadband impedance matching at both ports with a flat passband. For verifying the design approach, a second-order Butterworth reflectionless bandstop filter centered at 2 GHz with fractional

A Talbot effect is observed in a Kagome lattice photonic crystal (KPC) at the Dirac-like cone. The Dirac-like cone and Dirac-like point are achieved at the center of the Brillouin zone (BZ) with triply degenerate bands with two linear bands and one flat band intersecting the cone at the same frequency. Using band-structure calculations, it is shown that the Dirac-like cone is formed in a relatively

A miniaturized full-metal dual-band bandpass filter using a dual-mode circular spiral resonator (CSR) in a single metal cavity is proposed. Two spirals are combined together to form a dual-mode resonator, and the transmission zero (TZ) produced by the source–load coupling can separate the two modes and achieve the desired dual-band property. Then, a second-order dual-band filter is designed based on

This letter presents a high-efficiency rectifier based on a miniaturized branch-line hybrid coupler (MBLHC), which can be applied to wireless power harvesting (WPH) featuring a wide input power range. Originating from the connection to the MBLHC, two identical subrectifiers are used to achieve less sensitivity to the impedance mismatching, and thus the input power range is extended. For validation

A class of coupled-multiline quasi-elliptic-type balanced diplexer device with closely spaced channels and its balanced coupling-routing-diagram formalism to simultaneously model its differential- and common-mode operation are reported. It employs third-order combline-type bandpass filters (BPFs) in its filtering channels, whose resonating lines are connected at one of their extremes to the symmetry

In this letter, a 75.1–151.4-GHz silicon power amplifier (PA) is devised with the help of sandwiched slab transformer, which is proposed to increase the tuning ranges of coupling coefficient, quality factor, and conductivity. Being compact in size and simple in implementation enables it to be well-applied in multiple-way power combination. Based on this device, the fabricated PA in the 130-nm silicon

In this letter, we propose a new time-domain meshless method without discretization in time based on eigenexpansions of numerical solutions. As a result, numerical time-stepping is not required, and its associated errors are eliminated. Analytical solutions of the radial point interpolation meshless (RPIM) method are derived, and the solutions become always stable. In other words, electric and magnetic

This letter presents a novel configuration of a high- $Q$ bandwidth (BW) reconfigurable waveguide (WG) filter tuned with only two tuning elements regardless of the filter order. The filter is realized in rectangular WG technology and is capable to tune the BW without deviating the center frequency. Furthermore, the configuration is scalable to higher order filters without the need for additional tuning

A novel structure parameter estimation method for microstrip bandpass filter (BPF) based on multilayer fully connected network (FCN) is proposed in this letter. We design a network called the main-sub (MS)-Net, which includes the main-network to estimate the structure parameters and the subnetwork to predict the frequency responses of the BPFs. Compared with other neural network-based optimization

In this letter, a broadband millimeter-wave (mm-wave) continuous-mode Class-F power amplifier (PA) based on the deembedded transistor model is proposed for the fifth-generation (5G) applications. To design the output matching network at the intrinsic current-generator plane, an $S$ -parameter fitting method is proposed to extract the parasitic parameters of nonpackaged transistors over a wide frequency

In this letter, we propose an ultralow-power transformer-based V-band receiver front-end using a 65-nm CMOS technology. Forward-body-bias and transformer-based positive-feedback topologies are utilized to enable its operation at a low drain bias of 0.3 V, while still ensuring its gain performance. A resistive ring mixer, with its advantage of zero-dc-power consumption, serves as the frequency down-converter

As compressed sensing theory was introduced into the method of moments, an underdetermined system calculation model has been recently proposed to accelerate the solution of electromagnetic (EM) scattering problems. In this method, the measurement matrix is generated by extracting several rows from the impedance matrix, and the unknown current coefficient vector can be reconstructed from a sparse transform

A single-layer substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) filtering power divider (FPD) with fully differential operation at 28 and 39 GHz is proposed in this letter. This FPD consists of three SIW cavities where the differential and common modes of each cavity were properly designed to form three-pole dual passbands, facilitate deployment of isolation resistors, and introduce transmission zeros while attaining

This letter presents a novel tri-band filter design using an ultraminiaturized substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) cavity operated at evanescent mode. Two miniaturized SIW cavities in a face-to-face form are vertically stacked to build the proposed tri-band filter. The top and bottom metal layers form the cavity’s broadside walls, and the middle layer possesses three identical patches which are formed

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The source has a significant impact on the transient waveform produced by simulations. For exciting electromagnetic energy better, this letter presents a novel approach to impose a source in the implicit hybridizable Discontinuous Galerkin time-domain (imHDGTD) method. For the source terms (electric and magnetic currents), the implementation of imHDGTD is given in detail by adopting appropriate techniques

To avoid directly solving linear equations for major time marching in the finite element time-domain (FETD) method, the compressive sensing (CS) theory is introduced to construct an explicit iterative scheme instead of an implicit form. In this method, Whitney elements and a leapfrog model are applied to time-dependent Maxwell curl equations for space and time discretization. After a small number of

The concept of compact waveguide window based on the low-loss cyclic olefin copolymer (COC) is proposed in this letter, which considers the characteristics of broadband performance, transparency, sufficient mechanical strength, and simple mechanical process, by simply integrating the machined bipyramids-type COC dielectrics into the modified waveguide. To verify our idea, two waveguide windows consisting

This letter presents a DC break for a waveguide developed for transmission coefficient higher than 90% at 2.45 GHz and for 100 kV of high-voltage insulation. The DC break consists of 15 dielectric sections (G-10) inserted between metal sections (Al) with WR340 flanges. Experimental results demonstrate high-voltage insulation up to 110 kV without any discharges and 97% of power transmission efficiency

This letter presents the first successful on-wafer fabrication and characterization of a fully monolithic air-filled half-mode waveguide (HMWG) for millimeter waves. Utilizing a flexible microfabrication process, a thick sacrificial layer is employed to build and then release 3-D structures on-wafer. The measured prototype achieves an attenuation of 0.31 dB/mm at 85 GHz, while miniaturizing the footprint

In this letter, we present the design, fabrication, and characterization of a 3-D photonic crystal (PhC) waveguide based on an optimized woodpile structure operating in the millimeter-wave band. By carefully adjusting the size and shape of the air defect, a silicon electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) woodpile waveguide can be created: this dielectric waveguide supports a well-confined TE 10 -like mode. Numerical

In this letter, a polarization converter is proposed for triband simultaneous microwave transmission in ${X}$ , Ku , and Ka bands. It converts the incident linearly polarized (LP) waves into transmitted circular polarized (CP) waves in three frequency bands. The unit cell of the converter is composed of ultrathin bilayered metasurface having a thickness of about $\lambda $ /40, patterned with a square

Signal-interference single- and multiband bandpass-type transversal filtering sections (TFSs) with input- and two-port low-reflection (LR) behavior are reported. These LR TFSs consist of the following three parts: 1) a reflective-type TFS shaped by two in-parallel unequal length transmission line segments; 2) a lossy open-ended stub shunted at the input or both at the input and output nodes of the

In this letter, a wideband balanced bandpass filter (BPF) with the feature of common-mode (CM) noise absorption (CMNA) is presented. The whole circuit is realized with the double-sided parallel-strip line (DSPSL). The resistors placed at the two sides of the circuit work only when the CM signals are excited. The even/odd-mode equivalent circuits of the proposed BPF are analyzed and a systematic design

This letter introduces stepped-impedance bandpass filters based on the slab air-filled substrate integrated waveguide (SAFSIW), which provides a compromise in terms of loss and footprint between substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) and air-filled SIW (AFSIW). First, the theoretical unloaded quality factor of the SAFSIW guided-wave structure is presented. Then, a design procedure of SAFSIW stepped-impedance

This letter reports on high-order coaxial-resonator-based bandpass filters (BPFs) with multiple levels of transfer function tunability, namely center frequency ( $f_{\mathrm {cen}}$ ), bandwidth (BW), and intrinsic switching off. They are based on cascaded multi-resonant cells, each exhibiting one pole and two transmission zeros (TZs), and in-line resonators. The proposed concept allows for high-order

In this letter, we present analytic approaches to obtain a wide upper stopband and to reduce the magnitude of the electric field intensity in designing a bandpass filter using the fundamental mode of post-loaded substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) resonators. As the filter is made with two commercially available substrates, there are two dielectric and three ground layers. This letter particularly

A miniaturized and reconfigurable rat-race coupler realized in inexpensive printed circuit board (PCB) technology is proposed. Miniaturization is achieved by exploiting the theory of right- and left-handed artificial transmission lines. The frequency agility allows the rat-race coupler to operate in two bands centered at 900 MHz and 1.7 GHz, therefore, covering many industrial and communication standards

In this letter, a wideband single-ended-to-balanced power divider (PD) with intrinsic common-mode (CM) suppression is presented. By introducing the hybrid microstrip/slotline structure, the CM signals can be naturally rejected. Under the differential-mode excitation, the feature of power division can be realized. The even/odd-mode equivalent circuits of the proposed PD are analyzed to guide the design

We propose an ultrathin perfect absorber for normal incident waves using a Dirac cone metasurface with the thickness of 1/38 free-space wavelength. First, we prepare Dirac cone metasurfaces consisting of periodic metallic chain patterns on a dielectric substrate having the $\Gamma $ -point frequencies of approximately 30 GHz. The perfect absorber is designed by adjusting the external coupling of the

This letter presents a new microstrip line-phased array using $3 \times 3$ Nolen matrix – with three inputs and three output ports. For each input port excitation, the signal is divided into three equal magnitudes and unique progressive phase shifts at its output ports. The proposed microwave network is composed of three 180° couplers with two of them having identical coupling factors and two microstrip

In this letter, we present a 24-GSa/s, >20-GHz wideband track-and-hold amplifier (THA) based on indium phosphide (InP) double-heterojunction bipolar transistor (DHBT) technology for high-speed sampling systems. In the proposed approach, the output pole of the input stage is canceled by the zero produced by the emitter capacitive/resistive degeneration, and the bandwidth is thereby extended without

This letter presents the measurement results of a 180-nm complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) $X$ -band low-noise amplifier (LNA) at both 77 and 300 K. The designed LNA provides $S_{11}$ and $S_{22}$ below −10 dB at both temperatures within 6.4–7.4 GHz band. At 300 K, the voltage gain of the designed LNA is higher than 12.5 dB, and it provides an average noise temperature of 275 K, as well

We present a circular-polarized radiator in a 65-nm CMOS with a measured equivalent isotropically radiated power (EIRP) of +3 dBm at 239.2 GHz. To boost the radiating power, the subterahertz signal generated from a tripler is enhanced by a fundamental driving amplifier before being fed to an on-chip two-array patch antenna for circular-polarized radiation. A $W$ -band voltage-controlled oscillator

This letter presents an integrated power amplifier (PA), with high linearity and efficiency, which uses a passive four-way power distribution network to increase the maximum output levels. The gain unit consists of a differential preamplifier and power stage, interfaced by passive baluns at the input and output. The circuit is intended for ultrawideband mm-wave communication systems operating around

This letter proposes a novel broadband, high-efficiency power amplifier (PA). The high-efficiency characteristics of Class-EF PAs and the large bandwidth advantages of Class-J PAs are effectively combined in the proposed PA. By theoretically analyzing the impedances of traditional Class-EF PAs and class-J PAs, we can consider the possibility of combining these two types of PAs. The conditions that

A 28-GHz in-band full-duplex (IBFD) power amplifier (PA) is presented which integrates a PA with an impedance matched hybrid transformer in a 28-nm bulk CMOS process. The hybrid transformer has a 1:2 turn ratio to match from the optimum load impedance of $25~\Omega $ for a PA to the antenna and balance ports of $100~\Omega $ . Since this allows the additional matching circuits of a PA and an antenna

This letter presents a compact $Ka$ -band 4-bit switch-type phase shifter with low group delay deviation (GDD) using 28-nm CMOS technology. A magnetically coupled all-pass network (APN) configuration is employed to achieve both equal and flat group delay characteristics versus frequency at each phase state. The measured rms phase error is 1.2°, and the gain error is 1.1 dB at 33 GHz. The average measured

This letter presents a novel implementation of a ${V}$ -band single-pole double-throw switch that facilitates the internal calibration of radiometers by integrating an ambient noise source and an avalanche noise source. The switch is implemented in a 0.13- $\mu \text{m}$ SiGe bipolar-CMOS (BiCMOS) process and uses a shunt topology with $\lambda $ /4 directional couplers that inject noise from the avalanche

This letter presents a novel 5-GHz transmitter/ receiver (TX/RX) single-pole double-throw (SPDT) switch designed on a silicon substrate. The novelty of this SPDT switch is the possibility it offers to simultaneously design the transmission lines and the active elements, without packaging and consequently its parasitic effects and frequency limitations. The device is intended to be easily integrated

A self-embedded power-recycling technique in microwave mixers is proposed and presented for radio frequency (RF) and microwave multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems. The novelty of the proposed power-recycling technique stems from a distinct concept of harnessing direct current (dc) signal rectified by mixing elements in the course of a frequency translation. The large-signal model of a nonlinear

This letter presents the integration of multiple active devices output port directly with the antenna for simultaneous active frequency multiplication and radiation. This eliminates the circuitry losses at the multiplied output frequency, which points to a significant advantage of the proposed unified integration space in addition to size reduction. Furthermore, active devices are configured in parallel

In this letter, a compact high-efficiency broadband microwave rectifier with an extended range of input power is proposed for energy harvesting. In the proposed structure, a novel broadband impedance-matching network is employed to reach high radio frequency (RF) to dc conversion efficiency. The reduction in mismatching loss over a wide bandwidth and input power range is achieved by impedance transformation

In this letter, a microwave rectifier array using an automatic input power distribution technique (AIPDT) is proposed to achieve high conversion efficiency over a wide dynamic input power range. The rectifier array employs two rectifier cells operating at low- and high-power levels, respectively, and utilizes AIPDT to distribute the RF input power between them according to the input power level. In

In this letter, a single-antenna-based compact harmonic RFID tag having efficient power harvesting topology is demonstrated. The harmonic RFID receives a continuous signal at the fundamental frequency ( $fo = 434$ MHz) and replies back with modulation at the second harmonic ( $2fo = 868$ MHz). To enhance the read range, the harmonic RFID tag topology was designed to harvest energy simultaneously while

Passive harmonic transponders are used in applications where weight and size restrictions are prohibitive to the use of active radio transmitters, e.g., for insect tracking. A typical harmonic transponder tag consists of a wire dipole antenna and a Schottky diode with a parallel inductance. Despite the simplicity in tag circuit, designing lightweight, compact, and efficient harmonic tags are challenging

This letter proposes an ultrawideband (UWB) transmitter for a UWB primary impulse radar that is designed for real-time pedestrian localization. The proposed transmitter applies a novel combination of a UWB pulse generator followed by a UWB amplifier to boost output pulse amplitude, which is able to be turned off automatically after one pulse transmission in order to reduce power consumption. The transmitter

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