ABSTRACT The maximum power point tracking concept is essential in PV systems to increase the power transfer capability and efficiency. The conventional methods to track maximum power point perform satisfactorily only under uniform solar irradiation, however under partially shaded conditions, PV array offers several local maxima along with one global maximum power transfer point on the P-V curve. This

ABSTRACT In this work, GaN/AlN/AlGaN MOS-HEMT with a cavity below the gate towards the drain side is studied for its sensitivity analysis and viability as a biosensor. The analysis is done by dielectric modulation of the cavity region to emulate the presence of different dielectric biomolecules and charged biomolecules by interface charge variation. MOSFET-based dielectrically modulated sensors have

Digital circuits play a major role in the design of future Space Vehicles. The future planetary and deep Space exploration requires the spacecraft components to have robust system architectures and the components to tackle the unpredictable environment such as Van Allen Belts to avoid Single Event Upset (SEU). So there is a pressing need to tackle the effects of radiation, temperature on the on-board

Controlling of voltage and frequency in the microgrid is a challenging issue and many controllers are suggested for this purpose. Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller is simple and efficient when its coefficients are optimally adjusted. Recently, evolutionary algorithms are used to optimally adjust the PID coefficients. In this paper, four evolutionary algorithms, particle swarm optimization

ABSTRACT The current research work introduces a simple method to realize a circularly polarized patch antenna with 9.52% impedance bandwidth and axial ratio bandwidth. A modified T slot on the ground and offset feeding is used to achieve the required results. The antenna removes the need of complex feeding network for circular polarization and is fed by a microstrip line that makes it a good candidate

In this paper, an AlGaN/GaN heterojunction transistor on a wide band gap material substrate is designed and simulated with Silvaco TCAD software. The substrate material used in this work is β gallium oxide(β-Ga2O3). The cutoff frequency and maximum oscillation frequency of the device extracted are 82 and 360 GHz, respectively, which are better compared to those of recently reported works. These values

In this paper, a novel shaped and conformal, 14.8 mm × 14.8 mm sized unit cell on a flexible substrate, showing DNG phenomena at C (4–8 GHz) and X band (8.8–10.5 GHz, 11.2–11.6 GHz) is designed. The metamaterial offers 6.1 GHz of whole DNG region, transmission coefficient with stopband of 8.6 GHz ranging from 2 to 16 GHz and a broad 10 GHz NRI region from 2 to 12 GHz. The 1 × 2, 2 × 2, and 4 × 4 array

Ternary logic is a promising alternative to classical binary logic as it offers the benefits of reduced interconnect, higher operating speed and smaller chip area. In this paper, a new approach is proposed to implement the 3–2 compressor and 4–2 compressor circuits using the futuristic carbon nanotube field-effect transistors (CNTFET). A CNTFET unique feature of geometry dependent threshold variation

Considering the escalating rates of exhaustion of non-renewable energy resources, coupled with the harmful environmental side effects of harnessing them (e.g. damage to public health via air pollution), the need for a near-complete transition to renewable energy production seems inevitable. In recent times, renewable energy production has seen a strong support from investors, governmental initiatives

In this study, the Quad gate with gate oxide stack for 3 fins which is a vertically stacked device for the classical model and added the quantum mechanical effects to classical refers to the quantum model and both models have been explored for its analog performance. The analog and RF parameters for device performance like trans-conductance (gm), output conductance (gd), intrinsic gain (Av), and cut-off

ABSTRACT The game theory concept has been adapted for energy management between energy producers and consumers in the presence of renewable energy sources (RES) and electric vehicles (EVs). The objective of the paper is to increase the penetration of renewable energy sources and EVs by the Stackelberg game theory model with real-time pricing. RES are the energy generation sources located near load

ABSTRACT The design and analysis of a compact textile antenna, exhibiting wideband operation from 2.59 to 6.67 GHz and from 10.18 to 12.98 GHz, supporting multiple communication services in S, C, X and Ku bands, is presented in this paper. The multiband and wideband operations are comprehended in a single antenna structure by introducing Triple Notch Circular Patch Antenna (TNCPA) with a Defected Ground

In this letter, a new design of reconfigurable stop-band in UWB band-pass filter based on resonator-loaded slot-line is presented and implemented. The obtained stop-band response is performed by embedding a single PIN diode in the resonator. When the PIN diode state is OFF, a UWB response is achieved. Nevertheless, when the diode is in ON, a notch is created in the UWB filter. In addition, the obtained

One of the common non-linear process control problems is the continuous stirred tank reactor problem and the reactor is applied widely in chemical process industries. It is of high importance to develop a suitable controller scheme for the concentration and temperature control of the considered non-linear continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) model. In this paper, a novel wavelet neural network (WNN)

ABSTRACT This research paper presents a novel circuit modeling and analysis of ternary logic for MWCNT bundle interconnects with active shielding under the influence of temperature variations. The far end crosstalk-induced noise and propagation delay of MWCNT bundle interconnects has been analyzed with and without the effect of shielding. A standard ternary inverter (STI) driver model is used to obtain

ABSTRACT Wideband antenna with excellent efficiency is the most important requirement in wireless communication. In this paper, a wideband and highly efficient planner metamaterial-based microstrip patch antenna is proposed and examined. The proposed patch antenna is designed whose size is 12 × 16 mm2 and has a metamaterial unit cell loading on the top patch and the bottom ground plane. The top unit

As IoT is getting a thriving development, IC technology has stepped into the nano-meter era. For advanced 28 nm process and beyond, the device pitch becomes smaller. As a result, the coupling effect increases rapidly, degrading the performance of the critical design block, such as sense amplifiers in SRAM design. In addition, the process variation needs to be carefully addressed. In this paper we introduce

ABSTRACT A novel passive method based on Permutation Entropy (PE) is proposed for fast, efficient, and differential detection of islanding from other disturbance events in power system. The extremely remarkable attributes of PE such as efficient and fast detection of change in dynamics as well as computational and conceptual simplicity can be appropriately utilized to devise a thresholding system that

ABSTRACT This paper compares the performance of adiabatic inverter circuits employing homo/hetero-junction-based double-gate tunnel field-effect transistors (DG-TFETs). The static and dynamic adiabatic inverter circuits are constructed and they are operated by a sinusoidal power clock signal. The static adiabatic inverter circuits quasi-static energy recovery logic (QSERL), complimentary energy path

ABSTRACT When increasing the RF power level in transistor oscillators to achieve better phase noise performance a reverse voltage breakdown of the base emitter junction of the oscillator transistor can occur. This results in increased phase noise and long term-transistor degradation. Common transistor simulation models/simulators do not have this effect included in their library, so the simulations

ABSTRACT Random numbers cover a vast spectrum of applications. Hence generating it effectively with high performance is the need of the hour. This paper presents the novel design and implementation of high performance and energy-efficient true random number generator (TRNG) using images as a source. In the proposed work, the harvesting mechanism that comprises of hashing technique block (HTB) is used

ABSTRACT In this work, an oxide memristor was utilized for analog computing, which exhibited controllable transitions within its stable resistive states. The memristive ON and OFF states were considered to be logic 1 and logic 0, respectively, whereas the intermediate memristances represent the possible resistive states within the memristive state machine (MSM). This MSM was sprucely tailored to perform

ABSTRACT The design, development and fabrication of compact microstrip ring-hybrid couplers are presented in the present paper. In order to obtain miniaturization, λ/4 microstrip lines in a conventional microstrip ring-hybrid are equivalently substituted with quarter-wavelength supershape transmission lines. The results show that almost 74% size reduction can be achieved as compared to a conventional

The impact of phase noise on the short-term frequency stability (i.e. the Allan deviation with smaller averaging time) of a frequency source has been discussed in detail in the paper. The paper also describes a technique to estimate the Allan deviation values of a frequency source from its measured phase noise plot. Using the technique described here, the Allan deviations of a 10 MHz Rubidium Atomic

ABSTRACT As we know if anyone falls from a narrow height it is very critical especially for the people who are under 10 years or above 60 years of age. The age group under 10 years is very sensitive, if any child who falls can face injuries which will affect them in terms of mental and physical disability or fatal injuries can also be caused in some cases. Similar for the age group of above 60 is also

This paper presents a simple procedure to design planar diplexers making use of an energetic coupling approach. The targeted diplexer uses a stepped impedance resonator (SIR) to generate two resonant frequencies at the desired pass bands. The energetic coupling theory is employed to obtain appropriate coupling factors between the SIR and the diplexer outputs. In order to validate the proposed design

ABSTRACT A Class F power amplifier (PA) operating in the 2.5–2.7 GHz frequency band has been designed, fabricated, and tested using a gallium nitride high electron mobility transistor (GaN HEMT). The amplifier has a peak power-added efficiency (PAE) of 76.4% and output power of 8.5W with a 12.3 dB gain. This combination of high gain and high-efficiency operation across a wide frequency range creates

This paper presents a diverse distributed maximum power point tracking (MPPT) method based on Cuk converter for solar photovoltaic system. The proposed MPPT method offers fast dynamic performance with absolute robustness by the concept of sliding mode control law to control the Cuk converter. The proposed configuration improves the dynamic response and reduces the ripple to considerable amount, resulting

ABSTRACT This paper presents a compact dual-band monopole antenna printed on the low-cost FR4 substrate for multi wireless communication applications. The novel antenna consists of an eye-shaped patch and a semicircular shaped slot on the half elliptical ground plane. The antenna’s measurement results include multiband frequencies such as S, C, X, Ku, K, and Ka-band, which covers the bandwidth requirements

ABSTRACT Localized data conversions for sensors placed under harsh environmental conditions often require Analog to Digital Converters (ADC) capable of working under wide operating temperature range. Even though the fastest analog to digital converter, flash ADC is omitted from the high temperature regime due to the requirements of reference voltage source, reference voltage divider and a comparator

ABSTRACT This study presents a nonlinear controller with a wind speed estimator for a variable speed wind turbine at below-rated wind speed. A nonlinear controller is designed to address the rapid variations in wind and uncertainties in the wind system. The objective of nonlinear controller is to maximize the energy that can be extracted from wind with a reduction on mechanical loads. The synergetic

The Cognitive Radar is almost a new research topic, in which most efforts have been done for its conceptual description and the adaptive waveform design feature of these radars. While other aspect of adaptive action for optimum performance of cognitive radars has been ignored. In this paper, a framework for adaptive time resource management in Cognitive Radars is proposed. The main purpose of this

ABSTRACT Antenna arrays with low sidelobe patterns and high directivities are very desirable in practice and represent a key success for many communication systems such as radio telescopes, satellites, fifth-generation (5G) wireless communication systems, and high detection radars. To meet these features, a new array pattern synthesis method based on two uniformly sub-arrays controlled by a pre-specified

ABSTRACT In this paper, a circuit-level reliable low leakage design methodology is proposed for integrated circuits (ICs). Low leakage circuit design is the most challenging research area for very large-scale integration (VLSI) circuit designers due to the increased demand of battery-operated portable systems. Leakage power is increasing continuously with each new technology node generation in deep

(2020). Design Optimization. IETE Journal of Research: Vol. 66, Design Optimization, pp. 731-732.

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are classical models for computer vision and machine learning applications such as video surveillance, pattern recognition, weather forecasting, traffic, and safety. CNNs involve computationally intensive operations and require huge off-chip memory bandwidth, which makes it a challenging task to deploy on real-time embedded systems. Compared to central processing

(2020). IETE AWARDS-2020 Call for Nominations insert. IETE Journal of Research: Vol. 66, Design Optimization, pp. viii-xii.

(2020). IETE Corporate Awards 2020. IETE Journal of Research: Vol. 66, Design Optimization, pp. xiii-xv.

ABSTRACT Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a disturbing neuro-developmental disorder affecting the behavioural ability and communication skills of an individual. Early detection of such prevalent abnormality through EEG pattern analysis with the help of computer-aided diagnostic tools; provide significant relief to the health care professionals for better management and treatment of such patients.

ABSTRACT This paper proposes a computer-aided methodology for detecting and segmenting the tumor regions in ultrasound thyroid images using machine and deep learning algorithms. This proposed tumor detection methodology uses Kirsch’s edge detector for enhancing the edge region pixels in thyroid image and then Dual Tree Contourlet Transform (DTCT) was applied on the enhanced image for obtaining the

ABSTRACT The meningioma tumors are classified and segmented using soft computing methods in this paper. The noise contents are detected and reduced using directional filters and then Gabor transform is applied on this noise smoothed brain image for transforming the spatial pixels into multi resolution pixels. Further, features are derived from this Gabor transformed multi resolution image and these

ABSTRACT This paper presents a method of tracking a target based on the combination of parameters between colour blobs. Apart from tracking targets based on parameters between colour regions, the blob parameters can be used as a means for estimating the spatial location of the target relative to the location of the cameras. The blobs are obtained by segmenting the overall target into multiple colour

ABSTRACT The number of DGs located at distribution site, which uses renewable energy sources, forms a Micro-grid system. The problem of using DG with the utility is unplanned islanding. This paper has focused on passive islanding detection method (IDM) which is easy for implementation, cheaper and proficient. The suggested method tried to eradicate the disadvantage of passive conventional IDM. Low

In this paper, we propose, design and evaluate the performance of an angle diversity transmitter (ADT) to achieve high data rate multi-user indoor visible light communication (VLC) systems. Our proposed systems are examined with three different receivers: a wide-field of view (W-FOV) receiver, an angle diversity receiver (ADR) and an imaging diversity receiver (IMDR). A novel algorithm is introduced

Most of the electrical energy consumption occurs in residential buildings in maintaining the desired comfort level for occupants. Since comfort level and energy consumption are conflicting in nature, there is a need for energy-efficient building management and information system. In this article, Artificial Intelligence (AI) based building management and information system with multi-agent topology

ABSTRACT This paper presents a modified Synchronous Reference Frame Phase locked loop (MSRFPLL) for better synchronizing the output of the inverter with the grid. The proposed PLL is able to track the changes in the grid frequency in a faster way as compared to the conventional synchronous reference frame PLL (SRF-PLL). In order to switch the inverter, an advanced bus clamping based space vector PWM

This paper studies the problem of the constant pressure control for high pressure tubing. The main factors affecting the pressure change in high pressure oil pipe are the opening time of check valve and the cam angular velocity. Based on the theory of fluid mechanics, ordinary differential equation and Fourier series, the flow-pressure model and pressure-cam angular velocity model are established,

ABSTRACT In this paper, a compact, dual-band, patch antenna structure for body-centric relay node communication is presented. The antenna is designed to operate at Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) bands at 2.45 GHz for receiving data from intra-body sensor nodes and 5.0 GHz for transmitting signal to external monitoring device. The antenna is designed by using coplanar waveguide feed and etching

ABSTRACT A novel miniaturized printed monopole antenna for ultra-wideband (UWB) bidirectional brain machine interface (Bi-BMI) applications, based on defected feed line and parasitic structures, is designed and tested. The proposed antenna structure consists of a rectangular radiating patch and two inverted L-shaped slots located in the transition distance between patch and feed line, with a meander

ABSTRACT The unit commitment (UC) of thermal, heat and combined heat and power (CHP) is one of the critical issues of power systems which have an essential role in the economic performance of power systems. The mutual dependency of heat and power in the CHP unit has increased the complexity of the UC problem. In this research work, two modes of CHP units, extraction and back-pressure, have been undertaken

ABSTRACT This paper deals with the control of the ball position on a beam using hybrid arrangement of iterative learning control (ILC). If the process to be controlled is an under-actuated, unstable, nonlinear, and double integrating one, the conventional controllers are not able to control the system adequately. To overcome this problem, the ILC strategy is coupled in series with the conventional

ABSTRACT Due to the pace of modern life and the shift of nature of work from physical to cognitive, mental stress is increasing in every profession. Mental stress has now become a leading cause of work-related illness. There are numerous sedentary occupations, such as those in the IT industry, where individuals are required to work for extended periods of time, leading to stress. Working for extended

Applications of learning models for text-based datasets as well as image pixels-based datasets grow rapidly for prediction purposes. Pre-processing becomes challenging in carrying out image filtering and classifying. Retinal Fundus images plays important role in Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) diagnosis and treatment planning in various stages. Diabetic Retinopathy is diagnosed by observing the variation

Over the last twenty years, combination of adaptive filters has emerged to provide a potential solution in the development of advanced applications, such as channel equalization, active noise control, acoustic echo cancelation, adaptive beamforming, among others. Several authors have demonstrated that the combination of two filters with complementary capabilities improves the overall filter performance

A Double-layer banana leaves-based absorber is designed and can be treated as a potential alternative to conventional MAM. The dielectric relaxation parameters of the dry banana leaves in powder form and the composites of dry banana leaves and charcoal powder have are measured by OCP method using vector network analyzer in the frequency range of 1–16 GHz. Further, the return loss of two single-layers

The modelling and simulation of nanoelectromechanical (NEM) switch is indispensable to get optimum device dimensions. The present work deals with the design and simulation of hinge structure-based Graphene oxide (GO) NEM switch. The Finite Element Modeling (FEM) of the NEM switch for different design parameters have performed in COMSOL Multiphysics. Moreover, the radio frequency (RF) performance of

This paper explores a technique for visually/diagnostically lossless coding in the wavelet domain to effectively compress the three-dimensional medical image data. The quantisation module based on Just Noticeable Distortion (JND) for wavelets guarantees the visual quality in the reconstructed data. This method has been further extended to present the Volume of Interest (VOI) based technique that enables

ABSTRACT In this paper, a wideband high-power ridge gap waveguide (RGW) T junction power divider within the frequency band from 10 to 13.5 GHz is introduced. In this configuration, the air has the ridge gap to have maximum power handling capability. An excitation transition, from coaxial cable to the ridge gap waveguide, is introduced. The ridge gap waveguide power divider was fabricated using aluminum

In this work, a novel design of Zinc Oxide (ZnO) and bi-metallic (Ag–Au) layers based surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor with barium titanate (BaTiO3) and graphene is proposed. The proposed structure consists of SF10 glass prism, ZnO, Ag, Au, BaTiO3, and graphene as a top layer for biomolecules adsorption. Here, the performance of this structure is studied and analysed for sensitivity along

ABSTRACT Hyperspectral unmixing (HSU) is a way to process the prediction of the existing endmembers and the fractional abundances (FA) available in all pixels in the hyperspectral images. However, in a practical scenario, hyperspectral image is frequently corrupted due to many types of noises at the time of acquiring phenomenon such as dead-lines, impulse noise (IN), Gaussian noise (GN), and stripes