Silicon carbide (SiC) metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) are expected to be an attractive replacement for Si MOSFETs in high power applications due to their high blocking voltage, high switching speed, and low switching losses. However, a high switching speed can lead to voltage and current overshoot as well as oscillation during the switching process, which results in additional

The junction temperature of power semiconductors is a critical parameter during reliability evaluation. The incorporation of long-term mission profiles, such as power loadings and ambient temperature, into lifetime and reliability evaluations of power semiconductors increases the computational burden. Thus, there is an urgent need for a more accurate method for junction temperature acquisition. Current

Magnetic resonant wireless power transfer (MR-WPT) has become a significant method for powering the measurement units in landslide monitoring boreholes. This paper focuses on the effects of quality factor, coupling distance and load on the power transfer stability, sensitivity and performance of an MR-WPT system. Firstly, through a numerical model of an MR-WPT, the effect of quality factor and coupling

This paper presents a single-switch high-voltage gain DC–DC converter with a coupled-inductor. The proposed converter overcomes the drawbacks of traditional DC–DC converters such as insufficient boost capability and high stress on the devices. Its advantages include having a small number of switch devices, low voltage stress on the switch, and a high voltage gain. This paper analyzes the operating

A signal injection method without torque ripple is presented to estimate the stator winding temperature of a surface-mounted permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM), where the temperature is estimated based on the stator resistance. First, the current signal (Δid*) is injected into the current control loop to produce DC current offsets used to calculate the stator resistance, where the injected

Accurate estimation of the lithium-ion battery state of charge plays an important role in the real-time monitoring and safety control of batteries. In order to solve the problems that the real-time estimation of the lithium-ion battery is difficult and the estimation accuracy is not high under various working conditions, a lithium-ion battery is taken as a research object, and the working characteristics

For the five-level active neutral point clamped (5L-ANPC) converter, the coupling problem between the DC-link capacitor voltages and flying-capacitor (FC) voltages will increase the capacitor voltage fluctuations. The capacitor voltage fluctuations and current harmonics of the space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) are less than those of the sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM), because the

To solve the inherent contradiction between convergence speed and optimization accuracy in the traditional optimal control strategy for the excitation parameters of SRGs, a novel optimal control strategy for the excitation parameters is proposed. In this strategy, the turn-off angle is fixed at its optimal value and kept constant, and the turn-on angle is optimized through two steps. In the first step

This article presents an integrated control scheme to improve power sharing for power management and voltage regulation in DC microgrids. The proposed scheme considers the available power and the stochastic nature of sources to achieve adequate power sharing among them. Therefore, it achieves effective utilization of each source. In addition, the effective use of energy storage systems (ESSs) is also

This paper proposes an efficient bridgeless power factor corrected (PFC) modified single ended primary inductor converter (SEPIC) for arc welding power supplies (AWPS). The overall configuration is composed of two converters: (1) a modified bridgeless SEPIC PFC converter, which is controlled by a PI controller to achieve a high power factor and fast response; and (2) a full bridge buck converter with

Efficient extraction of the maximum power from photovoltaic (PV) systems under inherently variable weather conditions is a key issue that has been tackled in recent years. Maximum power extraction techniques are relevant for increasing the penetration of PV systems into electric systems. This paper presents an averaged current mode control strategy as a maximum power extraction technique in a photovoltaic

All-metal induction heating (IH) systems have been introduced to heat both ferromagnetic and non-ferromagnetic pots using dual resonant frequencies. They are designed for heating ferromagnetic pots using a first harmonic operation mode (FHOM) and for heating the non-ferromagnetic pots using a third harmonic operation mode (THOM). All-metal IH systems employing dual resonant frequencies consist of an

An advanced predictive current controller (APCC) based on deadbeat (DB) control theory for permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drives is proposed in this paper, where the optimum voltage vector is computed offline by solving an optimization problem. The optimum voltage vector along with a zero-voltage vector (ZVV) is applied to the motor under steady state condition to minimize ripples in the

The traditional single-stage boost LLC resonant AC/DC converter has been widely studied due to advantages such as few power stages, high power factor, and soft switching. However, it also has several disadvantages, such as a low and narrow input voltage, a DC bus voltage that is much higher than the input voltage, and high stress of the switching devices. Therefore, it is generally used in power grids

Current-fed isolated bidirectional DC–DC converters (CF-IBDCs) play an important role in battery energy storage systems. However, the closed-loop dynamics is rather slow with conventional proportional–integral controllers because a precise mathematic model remains absent for optimization. In this paper, a simple precise mathematical model is presented to describe the large and small-signal behaviors

High amounts of harmonics cause noise and electromagnetic interference to nearby systems. Pulsewidth modulation (PWM) techniques are used to reduce the amount of harmonics near the multiples of switching frequencies. To trim down the noise and electromagnetic interference and improve the quality of the output voltages, different types of constant and variable switching frequency random PWM techniques

The power ripple in the input filter is normally ignored in the conventional model predictive control scheme (MPC) of an AC/DC matrix converter under imbalanced grid voltage conditions. Unfortunately, this power ripple causes output power and current ripples. Some methods compensate this power ripple to obtain a ripple-free output current. However, these methods are generally complicated due to the

In this paper, a control method for a 3-bridge LLC resonant converter operating with a wide output voltage control range is described. Duty changes that stem from switching devices cause topology transitions that allow the converter to shift sequentially across four operating modes, where the primary resonant tank circuits and the secondary terminals can be connected in parallel or in series making

Multiple output LED drivers are necessary to achieve better performance and higher reliability in street lighting, tunnel lighting and LCD background lighting applications. Based on LCL-T constant-current characteristics, a modular multiple output LED driver is proposed in this paper. The LCL-T rectifiers are connected to the same voltage bus and work like current sources. However, since there are

There are 6 modes in the full working state of a traditional 3-phase rectifier, and each mode is necessary for power factor correcting and for realizing the corresponding DC-link voltage. It is obvious that too many modes in the full working state increase the switch stresses, which results in high switching loss and increased economic cost. Reducing the number of working modes is a feasible solution

This paper proposes an identification method for mechanical parameters based on position control. To improve motion control performance, the moment of inertia and friction components must be considered. Based on mechanical equations, the proposed method estimates the moment of inertia, viscous friction coefficient, and Coulomb friction in the off-line state. Mechanical parameters are obtained from

When a dump truck brakes, it is difficult to effectively absorb the braking energy due to the transient mutation of braking energy. At the same time, braking energy production is too high to store easily. Focusing on these problems, this paper proposes a new type of two-stage series supercapacitor and battery (SP&B) hybrid energy storage system (ESS). Using the characteristics of supercapacitors, which

This paper introduces a novel technique for simplification of a three-dimension space vector pulse width modulation (3D-SVPWM). Conventional SVPWM calculations are based on trigonometric functions or several decomposition matrices. Thus, a very fast embedded controller is needed either for two-dimension space vector pulse width modulation (2D-SVPWM) or 3D-SVPWM. The proposed simplified 3D-SVPWM is

This paper introduces a novel method to reduce the voltage stress experienced by 320 V/1 kW/13.56 MHz electrical variable capacitor (EVC) circuits with an asymmetrical switch configuration applied in the impedance matching circuits of RF plasma systems. The proposed method employs a symmetrical switch configuration in place of the asymmetrical switch configuration in each of the capacitor legs in an

In this paper, a deep slot universal motor is designed for electric power tools. The deep slot structure can reduce the cost of universal motor materials and improve production efficiency. A mathematical model of a universal motor is established and a simulation model is established by MagNet finite element software. Then, the static magnetic field distribution and load characteristics of the deep

Active power decoupling circuits have emerged to eliminate the inherent ripple power at twice the grid frequency in single-phase power electronics systems. However, this requires additional passive components and power switches, which increases the cost and volume of the system. This paper proposes a circuit configuration in an electric vehicle system to build power decoupling circuits that employ

In this paper, the problem of open-switch faults of a voltage source inverter system is investigated. A new fault diagnosis method based on an observer and an adaptive threshold is proposed. This method only needs to utilize the signals existing in a system without the need for extra hardware circuits. First, an observer is designed on a model of a three-phase voltage source inverter system to estimate

The use of an adaptive notch filter (ANF) is one of the most popular methods to block harmonics in a phase-locked loop (PLL). Existing ANFs suffer from drawbacks such as a low harmonic rejection capability, complex structure or instability. To improve the performance of ANF-based PLLs, an enhanced ANF (EANF) is proposed in this paper. Its structure, filtering characteristics and frequency-adaptive

In motor drive systems based on model predictive control, a mathematic model of the motor is used to predict the future behavior of the system. However, the parameters in the motor model may not match their real values since these parameters may vary under different operation conditions. All parameter variations result in inaccurate predictions, and influence the steady-state control performance of

In this paper, a novel impedance network referred to as a high-gain switched-coupled-inductor quasi-Z-source network (hgSCL-qZSN) is presented. The proposed topology employs a two-winding switched-coupled-inductor and a switched-capacitor in the impedance network, which offers a higher voltage boost capability when compared to most of the existing ZS-based topologies. In addition, the proposed SCL-qZSN

This paper presents a novel predictive direct torque control (PDTC) for permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) using the zero voltage vector and a selected voltage vector from the 12 available voltage vectors. The 12 voltage vectors consist of 6 effective voltage vectors and 6 combinational voltage vectors to improve control performance. To select the optimum voltage vector for each of the operating

Lithium-ion batteries have recently been in the spotlight as the main energy source for the energy storage devices used in the renewable energy industry. The main issues in the use of lithium-ion batteries are satisfaction with the design life and safe operation. Therefore, battery management has been required in practice. In accordance with this demand, battery state indicators such as the state-of-charge

Nine-switch converter has promising application prospects in fields where cost, volume and power density are required. The performance of the converter depends to a large extent on the modulation strategy. The existing SVPWM strategy for nine-switch converter requires a lengthy zero-vectors table to make over-modulation judgment, which increased the complexity of the algorithm and the runtime of the

The HVAC (Heating, Ventilation & Air Conditioning) system of an electric vehicle consists of an electric compressor including PMSM (Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine) and a PTC (Positive Temperature Coefficient) heater. Each of these systems is configured independently. This paper proposes an HVAC system that integrates the compressor control system and the heater control system. The system shares

Under unbalanced grid conditions, the controller design of a three-phase pulse width modulation (PWM) rectifier is based on an instantaneous power model. By calculating the current references of the converter according to the instantaneous power model, traditional voltage-oriented control (VOC) methods realize the positive-sequence and negative-sequence active and reactive current control of the converter

In recent years, an increasing amount of attention has been paid to non-isolated photovoltaic power generation systems, where leakage current suppression is one of the key issues to be addressed. In view of this problem, this paper proposes a novel ten-switch three-phase circuit that is referred to as an H10 inverter. This circuit is obtained by adding two isolating switches and a clamping circuit

This paper presents an efficient, cost effective design implementation of a hybrid digital architecture for space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) method for multilevel inverters (MLIs). The SVPWM method is one of the most popular real time PWM method for three phase voltage source inverter (VSI). The implementation of SVPWM method becomes complex with an increase in the number of levels in a

Electric vehicles (EVs) with induction motor (IM) drives require energy optimization due to their limited energy storage capacity. Among the energy optimization methods currently available, a loss model-based controller (LMC) is a satisfactory technique, since it converges rapidly to an optimal operating point. Some of the simplifications applied to LMCs, such as neglecting the core loss and leakage

This paper proposes a novel method to reduce the DC-link capacitor in the single-phase onboard battery chargers. A low-voltage charging circuit is used as a two-parallel buck–boost converter to absorb ripple in the DC link. Thus, the required DC-link capacitance of the onboard battery charger can be reduced significantly without adding additional switches, heat sinks, and gated drivers. In addition

The steady rise in the deployment of grid-connected inverters is driving a need for more efficient and accurate grid synchronization techniques. In this paper, digital implementation methods are proposed to increase grid synchronization accuracy when an integrated filter is used. First, a method to compensate for the computational delays in the implementation of integrated filters with numerical integrations

This paper proposes an integral sliding mode control that integrates a high-gain observer (HGO) and a radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) for a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) with uncertainty. Since the second-order motion equation of the PMSM is used to improve the control performance, the speed derivative, which cannot be measured directly, is required. Thus, the HGO is designed

Due to its theoretically fast dynamic response with unlimited bandwidth for direct switch-driven-based induction machines, the finite control set predictive current control (FCS-PCC) method has been verified to be an effective solution in recent years. However, dynamic limitations of the outer speed PI controller exist, especially with high-order time-varying disturbances. In addition, hardware cost

This paper proposes a new adaptive ramp voltage mode control scheme. Instead of using the conventional slow compensation path of the voltage mode, the proposed scheme adds an extra feedback path to adjust the amplitude and DC-offset of the ramp signal and to directly accelerate the duty cycle according to the output voltage variation. In addition, a design-oriented analytical method is adopted to intuitively

Multilevel inverters are finding wide application in electric drives, traction, flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS) and renewable energy systems. A cascaded H-bridge type multilevel inverter (CHBMLI) produces a near sinusoidal output voltage with lower switching stress and a higher conversion efficiency than the other types of MLIs. The Selective Harmonic Elimination (SHE) strategy is used to

To balance the output stability and maximum efficiency of a system, an efficiency optimization method based on adaptive frequency control is proposed. In this paper, load transmission is carried out using a DC–DC converter at the receiving end. When the load changes, controlling the rectified output voltage is carried out to realize the maximum efficiency point tracking. Meanwhile, the duty cycle of

This paper proposes a current source-type pulse generator circuit to improve load voltage waveforms by solving the voltage ringing problem of capacitively coupled plasma systems. The voltage source-type pulse power supplies used in the plasma industry have short-circuit currents and voltage ringing problems with capacitively coupled plasma loads. The current source-type pulse generator proposed in

This paper presents a novel spread spectrum (SS) method with a pseudo-natural sampling technique for filterless digital class-D audio amplifiers. This method is proposed to reduce the electromagnetic interference (EMI) emissions of amplifiers by lowering the output out-of-band spectral amplitudes around the pulse width modulator carrier frequency and its multiples. The main idea of this method is that

This paper proposes a method for estimating the initial rotor position for an interior permanent-magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) using subdivided voltage vectors based on inductance variation. Since the stator inductance of an IPMSM varies depending on the rotor position, the current that flows through the entire IPMSM drive system can be different depending on the rotor position when a voltage vector

This paper presents a deadbeat predictive direct power control (DB-DPC) scheme for a fast battery charger to improve its dynamic performance and stability. Recently, battery chargers have been adopting paralleled multi-leg converters based on silicon carbide (SiC) devices to increase power capacity, which reduces the charging duration. However, the inherent instability of the battery is regarded as

Flyback topologies have advantages in terms of low cost, fewer electrical components, and simple circuit design. Semiconductor devices in the primary and secondary sides are regarded as major EMI noise sources in EMI propagation paths. However, the same transformers under different circuit configurations can bring different noise cancellation effects due to a change of the electric potential distribution

A single ground fault of the rotor windings in a synchronous condenser can cause serious damage if the fault is not eliminated in time. This paper proposes a new rotor ground-fault diagnosis method for synchronous condensers based on the amplitude of the 150 Hz component of the voltage across a grounding resistance (GR) placed in the neutral of an excitation transformer. It can be seen that the amplitude

Circulating current exists among phases or between the DC link and the three phases in a modular multilevel converter (MMC). Suppression control of the alternating components in circulating current is a critical issue for the stable and efficient operation of an MMC. Due to the redundancy and symmetry of MMCs, some of the self-redundant states of MMCs can be used to suppress the alternating components

The LLCL filter is usually used as a switching ripple suppressor since it can attenuate switching-frequency current harmonics much better than an LCL filter using lower total inductance and capacitance. However, it is more difficult to design LLCL parameters. In addition, it has a number of initial design constraints: the fundamental reactive power, the resonant frequency fres, etc. are coupled and

This paper proposes a novel cooperative control strategy for voltage restoration and power management in DC microgrids based on the DC bus signaling (DBS) method. In the conventional DBS method, the operation mode is determined according to the voltage deviation. Thus, it is difficult to achieve voltage restoration. To overcome this problem, the conventional DBS method is modified by applying the total

Parallel distributed generation (DG) can extract power from a renewable energy source and supply it to the grid, but the exposure of DG components, such as photovoltaic panels, to the natural environment results in DG-side earth faults and common earth circulating current (CECC) problems. This study proposes an improved topology and a common and differential (C&D) mode control strategy to enhance the

The boosting feature of switched capacitor-based multilevel inverter topologies has been highly recommended for photovoltaic-based applications. However, the main concern with these topologies is the voltage stress across the switches along with the power component count for a higher number of levels. In this paper, a new single-stage boost nine-level boost inverter (9LBI) topology has been proposed

This paper proposes a multi-loop voltage balancing strategy for half-bridge voltage balancers. The proposed multi-loop scheme consists of a voltage controller and a current variation controller without current sensors. The proposed current variation controller (CVC) aims to regulate the derivative of the average inductor current to be zero at the steady-states as well as to increase the damping of

This paper shows the relationship between the circuit parameters and the voltage sharing performance in series-connected insulated gated bipolar transistors (IGBTs). A simple analytic model is proposed to examine voltage balancing in series-connected IGBTs. By the proposed model, the reason for voltage imbalance is easily analyzed. In addition, the impact of the time constant of the snubber, which

Low spatter CO2 arc welding is often used for ultra-thin steel sheets with a thickness of under 1.0-mm. In this paper, a high speed forward and reverse motion control algorithm for the motor in a welding torch and a dedicated controller for it are presented. The dedicated controller is designed with a motor driver IC (A3930) and a DSP (TMS320F-28069) coded with the proposed motion control algorithm

In this paper, the design and integration of coupled inductors have been proposed for a flying-capacitor (FC) modular multilevel converter (MMC) for induction motor drive applications. In the conventional three-phase FC-MMC, twelve discrete inductors are needed for three legs. However, by integrating one coupled inductor with two windings in two half-arms, the number of inductors required is reduced