Purpose Based on the positive features of the shark smell optimization (SSO) algorithm, the purpose of this paper is to propose a method based on this algorithm, dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS) model and fuzzy logic to minimize the energy consumption of integrated circuits of internet of things (IoT) nodes and maximize the load-balancing among them. Design/methodology/approach Load balancing

Purpose Partial shading causes significant power decreases in the PV systems. The purpose of this paper is to address this problem, connectivity regulation is designed to reduce partial shading problems. Design/methodology/approach In this approach, the partial shading was estimated and dispersed evenly on the whole array by global shade dispersion technique (GSD). The grey wolf algorithm was implemented

Purpose Very large-scale integration (VLSI) digital signal processing became very popular and is predominantly used in several emerging applications. The optimal design of multirate filter with improvement in performance parameters such as less area, high speed and less power is the challenging task in most of the signal processing applications. This study aims to propose several effective multirate

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to propose a new design strategy to enhance the bandwidth and efficiency of the power amplifier. Design/methodology/approach To realize the introduced design strategy, a power amplifier was designed using TSMC CMOS 0.18um technology for operating in the Ka-band, i.e. the frequency range of 26.5-40 GHz. To design the power amplifier, first, a power divider (PD) with

Purpose This paper aims to design a dual mode X-band substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) bandpass filter in the conventional SIW structure. A pair of back-to-back square and split ring resonator is introduced in the single-layer SIW bandpass filter. The various coupling configurations of SIW bandpass filter using split square ring slot resonator is designed to obtain dual resonant mode in the passband

Purpose Multilevel inverter (MLI) is a prevailing sensible alternative to two-level inverters that offer a high-quality output voltage waveform, wherein the multiple input direct current (DC) levels are established by using isolated DC sources, batteries and renewable energy sources. The purpose of this paper is to develop MLI to offer lower total harmonic distortion (THD), higher output voltage levels

Purpose The reliability of hard disk drives (HDDs) is dependent on the drive construction, as well as the operational and environmental conditions, in which the drive is used. Self-monitoring, analysis and reporting technology (SMART) continuously provides attribute information on HDD usage and degradation characteristics. Design/methodology/approach This paper aims to analyze the reported failures

Purpose The proposed structure consists of copper as a ground plane and 50 µm polyimide dielectric layer is placed in between the ground panel and top radiating patch. Octagon and pentagon shapes are combined to form a unit cell. This structure exhibits seven absorption peaks within the short frequency range 0.3–0.5 terahertz (THz) without any interference. Under normal incidence, this structure achieves

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to enhance the response of quadratic boost converter inverter system (QBCIS) and also investigate proportional integral (PI) and fractional order proportional integral derivative (FOPID)-based space vector modulation inverter (SVMI) systems. Design/methodology/approach This paper presents modern expansion in control methods and power electronics have created wind-based

Purpose This paper aims to deal with application of artificial intelligence for solving real time control complication adhered with the controlled operation of a buck power converter. This type of converter finds application for power conversion at various levels for the direct current-direct current power industry to step down the input voltage. Design/methodology/approach Use of ANN-RL (Artificial

Purpose The purpose of this study is to discuss the effect of hybrid cascode compensation with quality factor (Q-factor) control module for the three-stage amplifiers driving ultra-large load capacitors. Compared to the present frequency compensation solutions, it extends the amplifier bandwidth by establishing an extra AC feedback pathway besides the primary pathway through the Miller capacitor, increasing

Purpose Fall detection is a primary necessity for elderly people with medically tested nervous problems. This paper aims important to detect fall and prevent fatal injuries and untreated attention for long hours. Design/methodology/approach The project is focused on developing a smart shoe with force-sensitive resistors placed at plantar pressure points to detect fall. This could draw immediate medical

Purpose A “spin-diode” is the spintronics equivalent of an electrical diode: applying an external magnetic field greater than the limit of spin-diode BT flips the spin-diode between an isolating state and a conducting state [1]. While conventional electrical diodes are two-terminal devices with electrical current between the two terminals modulated by an electrical field, these two-terminal magneto

Purpose Multiphase and quadrature voltage-controlled oscillators (QVCOs) play key roles in modern communication systems and their phase noise performance affects the performance of the overall system. Different studies are devoted to efficient quadrature signals generation. This paper aims to present a new low-phase noise superharmonic injection-locked QVCO. Design/methodology/approach The proposed

Purpose The data protection is always a vital problem in the network era. High-speed cryptographic chip is an important part to ensure data security in information interaction. This paper aims to provide a new peripheral component interconnect express (PCIe) encryption card solution with high performance, high integration and low cost. Design/methodology/approach This work proposes a System on Chip

Purpose This paper aims to propose a new fin field-effect transistor (FinFET)-based domino technique low-power series connected foot-driven transistors logic in 32 nm technology and examine its performance parameters by performing transient analysis. Design/methodology/approach In the proposed technique, the leakage current is reduced at footer node by a division of current to improve the performance

Purpose This paper aims to investigate the sintering and solid liquid interdiffusion bonding (SLID) techniques to attach AlGaN/GaN-on-Si chips to direct bond copper (DBC) substrate. The influence of metal layers deposited on the backside of AlGaN/GaN-on-Si dies on the assembly process is also investigated. Design/methodology/approach The authors assumed the value of the shear strength to be a basic

Purpose In most commercial processors, enhancing the speed of multiplication using radix-8 booth encoding is the preferred option. In radix-8 architecture, the 3X(= 2X + X) multiple generation is a major bottleneck. This paper aims to propose a parallel implementation scheme recognizing the symmetry in the carry recurrence equations of 3X multiples. The proposed architecture evaluates the odd (H) and

Purpose The interaction between the silver powder and organic vehicle largely determines the rheological behavior of silver conductive paste. This study aims to prepare silver conductive paste with an organic vehicle system consisting of ethyl cellulose (EC) and terpineol/butyl carbitol acetate solvent mixtures. The study also aims to measure the rheological behaviors of the silver conductive pastes

Purpose This paper aims to present, design and implement a novel half-mode substrate integrated waveguide (HMSIW)-based narrow bandpass filter, which offers advantages like low insertion loss, compact size and high selectivity. Proposed filter will be used in the K-band automotive radar application. Design/methodology/approach The filtering response in the proposed design is achieved by inserting inductive

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide appropriate methods for reducing the abnormalities on the extracted fetal heart signal from the maternal electrocardiogram (ECG). Design/methodology/approach In this regard, the extracted signal of the fetal heart from the mother, improved using an active noise cancelation (ANC) system. It uses commonly adaptive algorithms of normalized least mean squares

Purpose Quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) is a promising technology, which seems to be the prospective substitute for complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS). It is a high speed, high density and low power paradigm producing efficient circuits. These days, most of the smart devices used for computing, make use of random access memory (RAM). To enhance the performance of a RAM cell, researchers

Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate heat transfer and deformation of flexible printed circuit board (FPCB) under thermal and flow effects by using fluid structure interaction. This study simulate the electronic cooling process when electronic devices are generating heat during operation at FPCB under force convection. Design/methodology/approach The thermal and flow effects on FPCB

Purpose Power converters are an integral part of the energy conversion process in solar photovoltaic (PV) systems which is used to match the solar PV generation with the load requirements. The increased penetration of renewable invokes intermittency in the generated power affecting the reliability and continuous energy supply of such converters. DC-DC converters deployed in solar PV systems impose

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present the properties of thick-film resistors made of novel pastes prepared from glass and graphite. Design/methodology/approach Graphite-based resistors were made of thick-film pastes with different graphite-to-glass mass fraction were prepared and examined. Sheet resistance, temperature coefficient of resistance, impact of humidity and short-term overload

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop two types of simple jerk circuits and to carry out their dynamical analyses using a unified mathematical model. Design/methodology/approach Two types of simple jerk circuits only involve a nonlinear resistive feedback channel composited by a nonlinear device and an inverter. The nonlinear device is implemented through parallelly connecting two diode-switch-based

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to design novel hardened flip-flop using carbon nanotube field effect transistors (CNTFETs). Design/methodology/approach To design the proposed flip-flop, the Schmitt trigger-based soft error masking and unhardened latches have been used. In the proposed design, the novel mechanism, i.e. hysteresis property is used to enhance the hardness of the single event upset

Purpose This paper aims to present the design of a compact vertically polarized four-element UWB antenna suitable for MIMO communications. Design/methodology/approach The unit cell antenna is constructed using a square ring radiator excited through a stepped impedance feed. The proposed antenna covers the Ultra-wideband (UWB) spectrum ranging from 2.2 to 12.3 GHz. The isolation between the unit cell

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop an FPGA-based neuron circuit to mimic dynamical behaviors of tabu learning neuron model. Design/methodology/approach Numerical investigations for the tabu learning neuron model show the coexisting behaviors of bi-stability. To reproduce the numerical results by hardware experiments, a digitally FPGA-based neuron circuit is constructed by pure floating-point

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to propose a leakage reduction technique which will works for complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) and fin field effect transistor (FinFET). Power consumption will always remain one of the major concerns for the integrated circuit (IC) designers. Presently, leakage power dominates the total power consumption, which is a severe issue. It is undoubtedly

Purpose Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging is the most computational intensive algorithm and this makes its implementation challenging for real-time application. This paper aims to present the chirp-scaling algorithm (CSA) for real-time SAR applications, using advanced field programmable gate array (FPGA) processor. Design/methodology/approach A chirp signal is generated and compressed using range

Purpose The growing trends in the usage of hand held devices necessitate the need to design them with low power consumption and less area design. Besides, information security is gaining enormous importance in information transmission and data storage technology. In addition, today’s technology world is connected, communicated and controlled via the Internet of Things (IoT). In many applications, the

Purpose This paper aims to examine the design and control of a symmetric multilevel inverter (MLI) using grey wolf optimization and differential evolution algorithms. Design/methodology/approach The optimal modulation index along with the switching angles are calculated for an 11 level inverter. Harmonics are used to estimate the quality of output voltage and measuring the improvement of the power

Purpose This paper aims to propose a new MLI topology with reduced number of switches for photovoltaic applications. Multilevel inverters (MLIs) have been found to be prospective for renewable energy applications like photovoltaic cell, as they produce output voltage from numerous separate DC sources or capacitor banks with reduced total harmonic distortion (THD) because of a staircase like waveform

Purpose A novel and simple six-band metamaterial absorber is proposed in the terahertz region, which is composed of an I-shaped absorber and circular ring with four gaps and a continuous metal ground plane separated by only 0.125 mm polyimide dielectric substrate. Initially, I-shaped resonator gives three bands at 0.4, 0.468 and 0.4928 THz with the absorptivity of 99.3%, 97.9% and 99.1%, respectively

Purpose The flexible printed circuit (FPC) board with the characteristic of light and thin strengthened confronted the growing miniaturization requirements of the electronic product and the popularity of wearable devices. The reliability of circuit could be influenced by the hole quality of FPC, such as burrs, which is one of the major problem in FPC. Design/methodology/approach In this paper, micro-drill

Purpose Emerging event-driven applications such as the internet-of-things requires an ultra-low power operation to prolong battery life. Shutting down non-functional block during standby mode is an efficient way to save power. However, it results in a loss of system state, and a considerable amount of energy is required to restore the system state. Conventional state retentive flip-flops have an “Always

Purpose Biomedical radio frequency (RF) transceivers require miniaturized forms with long battery life and low power consumption. The medical implant communication service (MICS) band in the frequency range of 402–405 MHz is widely used for medical RF transceivers because the MICS band signals have reasonable propagation characteristics and are suited to achieve good results. The implementation of

Purpose An annual substation equipment failure report says 3/7 capacitive voltage transformer (CVT) got damaged because of ferroresonance overvoltage. The conventional mitigation circuit fails to protect the transformer as the overvoltage may fall in the range between 2 and 4 per unit. It is necessary to develop a device to suppress the overvoltage as well as overcurrent of the CVT. This study aims

Purpose The main purpose of this research is to investigate finite-element analysis (FEA) on flux reversal-free stator switched reluctance motor (FRFSSRM) for industrial applications. The vibration analysis for an electrical machine is essential because of the acoustic noises. The acoustic noises originate by coincidence of natural frequencies of motor with the vibration frequencies. Design/methodology/approach

Purpose The purpose of this study is to help the researchers, public, industries and government to realize the tremendous trends to improve the power quality of both sources and load side. Design/methodology/approach The work carried out in the Facts device and power quality issues. Findings Maintaining the quality of electric power is always a challenging task. The effect of power electronics devices

Purpose The purpose of this manuscript is to present a novel, compact and ultra-thin “3”-shaped monopole antenna for wireless operations in the laptop computer. The thickness of the antenna is only 0.2 mm and is designed using only a pure copper strip of size 17.5 × 6 mm2. Design/methodology/approach The simple structure of the proposed antenna consists of two monopole radiating strips, namely, AC

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to propose a defect detection method of silicone caps positional deviation on flexible printed circuit board (FPCB) of keyboard based on automatic optical inspection. Design/methodology/approach First, the center of silicone caps of target keyboard FPCB image was extracted as feature points for generating the feature image which is used for registration rigidly

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to propose a miniaturized tri-band bandstop filter that finds application in a modern dense communication system where size and multi-band plays a vital role. Design/methodology/approach In this paper, the authors propose a miniaturized tri-band microstrip bandstop filter which combines the conventional bandstop filter and spur microstrip line structures such that

Purpose This purpose of this study is to present a novel four-element array antenna in combination with a modified Wilkinson power divider feeding network. Design/methodology/approach The two covering bands of this planar array antenna are achieved by an Elephant trunk shape (ETS) radiating element; therefore, two frequency bands for Bluetooth (2.4 GHz) and the wireless local area network (WLAN) band

Purpose Electricity utilization at electricity peak hour may differ from every single administration region, for example, mechanical region, business territory and residential zone. This paper introduces a demand-side load management (DSM) strategy, which is one of the utilization of smart grid (SG) that is fit for controlling loads inside the residential working so that the client fulfillment is augmented

Purpose The high demand for fast, energy-efficient, compact computational blocks in digital electronics has led the researchers to use approximate computing in applications where inaccuracy of outputs is tolerable. The purpose of this paper is to present two ultra-high-speed current-mode approximate full adders (FA) by using carbon nanotube field-effect transistors. Design/methodology/approach Instead

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study the development of novel multiphase induction motor (MPIM) with copper die cast rotor in the drive system of electric propulsion vehicles (EPV). It is estimated that the manufacturers are concerned about high torque,Efficiency, motor life, energy conservation and high thermal tolerance. To ensure maximum torque and efficiency with multiphase winding and

Purpose Power amplifiers (PAs) play an important role in wireless communications because they dominate system performance. High-linearity broadband PAs are of great value for potential use in multi-band system implementation. The purpose of this paper is to present a cascode power amplifier architecture to achieve high power and high efficiency requirements for 4.2∼5.4 GHz applications. Design/methodology/approach

Purpose The purpose of this study is to suppress the temperature rise of high voltage wall bushing metal plate. Design/methodology/approach First, the authors built a model of a traditional metal plate and got the magnetic field intensity distribution by FEA tools. Optimized according to the magnetic field intensity distribution, the authors slot the traditional metal plate and embed permanent magnets

Purpose The purpose of this work is to reduce the power consumption of KSA and to improve the PDP for data path applications. In digital Very Large – Scale Integration systems, the addition of two numbers is one of the essential functions. This arithmetic function is used in the modern digital signal processors and microprocessors. The operating speed of these processors depends on the computation

Purpose The performance of the conventional 6T SRAM cell can be improved by using GNRFET devices with multi-threshold technology. The proposed cell shows the strong capability to operate at the minimum supply voltage of 325 mV, whereas the conventional Si-CMOS 6 T SRAM unable to operate below 725 mV, which result in an acceptable failure rate.The advance of Si-CMOS (complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor)

Purpose The main purpose of this study is to test the performance of the ink-jet printed microwave resonant circuits on Low temperature co-fired ceramics (LTCC) substrates combined with microfluidic channels for sensor applications. Normally, conductive patterns are deposited on an LTCC substrate by means of the screen-printing technique, but in this paper applicability of ink-jet printing in connection

Purpose The design method of high-resolution capacitor arrays was proposed to improve the precision of successive approximation register (SAR) analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) without calibration and optimize the circuit area. Design/methodology/approach According to calculation of equivalent series capacitors and change of voltage at the comparator input node, two three-stage structures of capacitor

Purpose On average, a medium-sized satellite consist of almost 500 sensors where powering these sensors in space in such an unreachable environment is critical. Backing this, a compact energy harvester for powering up distant sensors is discussed here is the purpose of this paper. This is in line with the geostationary satellite-powered using the available electromagnetic energy on the satellite panels

Purpose This paper aims to present an efficient method to improve quality factor of printed fractal inductors based on electromagnetic band-gap (EBG) surface. Design/methodology/approach Hilbert fractal inductor is designed and simulated using high-frequency structural simulator. To improve the quality factor, an EBG surface underneath the inductor is incorporated without any degradation in inductance

Purpose Successive approximation register (SAR) analogue to digital converter (ADC) is well-known with regard to low-power operations. To make it energy-efficient and time-efficient, scientists are working for the last two decades, and it still needs the attention of the researchers. In actual work, there is no mechanism and circuitry for the production of two simultaneous comparator outputs in SAR

Purpose A novel Ka-band compact parallel-coupled microstrip bandpass filter with harmonic suppression performance has been designed, implemented and tested on GaAs MMIC. Design/methodology/approach This proposed filter consists of modified coupled-line units with T-shaped open-stubs. Findings The proposed filter with T-shaped open-stubs is valuable in performance with low loss at fundamental frequency

Purpose Several ultra-low power and gigahertz current-starved voltage-controlled oscillator (CSVCO) circuits have been proposed and compared here. The presented structures are based on the three-stage hybrid circuit of the carbon nanotube field-effect transistors (CNTFETs) and low-power MOSFETs. The topologies exploit modified and compensated Schmitt trigger comparator parts to demonstrate better consumption

Purpose The purpose of this paper is the attempt to model a variable speed permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) for extracting a standalone power source to assuage the needs of a welding application. The emphasis orients to evolve a framework for the effective exploration of renewable energy resource and prevent the injection of grid harmonics. Design/methodology/approach The system involves