Purpose Crystallization is the process widely used for components separation and solids purification. The systems for crystallization process evaluation applied so far, involve numerous non-invasive tomographic measurement techniques which suffers from some reported problems. The purpose of this paper is to show the abilities of three-dimensional Electrical Capacitance Tomography (3D ECT) in the context

Purpose This study aims to solve the problem of the existing metal foreign object (MFO) detecting systems, which are not sensitive to the small size MFO in wireless charging region of electric vehicle (EV) because of the extremely complex signal noise in the process of wireless charging of EV. Design/methodology/approach A method for MFO detection based on the principle that MFOs can cause mistuned

Purpose This paper aims to encompass the technological advancements in the area of flexible sensing electronics fabrication particularly for wearable device development applications. In the recent past, it is evident that there is a tremendous growth in the field of flexible electronics and sensors fabrication technologies all around the world. Even though, there is a significant amount of research

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to propose a robust iterative LIDAR-based pose tracking method assisted by modified visual odometer to resist initial value disturbance and locate a robot in the environments with certain occlusion. Design/methodology/approach At first, an iterative LIDAR-based pose tracking method is proposed. The LIDAR information is filtered and occupancy grid map is pre-processed

Purpose The pressure sensors can convert external pressure or mechanical deformation into electrical power and signal, which cannot only detect pressure or strain changes but also harvest energy as a self-powered sensor. This study aims to develop a self-powered flexible pressure sensor based on regular nanopatterned polymer films. Design/methodology/approach In this paper, the self-powered flexible

Purpose The importance of Carbon dioxide (CO2) gas detection as a greenhouse and exhale breathe gas is an undeniable issue. This study aims to propose a new miniaturized, low cost and portable no dispersive infrared (NDIR) system for detecting CO2 gas. Design/methodology/approach Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)-based channels with Au coating because of its high reflection properties in IR region were

Purpose This paper aims to investigate the influence of structure parameters on giant-magnetoimpedance (GMI) effect measured by non-contact method. Design/methodology/approach The GMI sensor contains a Co-based internal magnetic core fabricated by laser cutting and an external solenoid. The influences of magnetic permeability of magnetic core and structure parameters on GMI effect were calculated in

Purpose This study aims to build a prototype of a smart waste recycling bin to transform organic waste into liquid fertilizer. The internet of things (IoT) was used as a base to develop this bin to offer a recycling system that convenient to the household. Design/methodology/approach In general, this system will integrate a microcontroller and several sensors that able to be controlled by a smartphone

Purpose Crack damage detection for aluminum alloy materials using fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensor is a kind of structure health monitoring. In this paper, the damage index of full width at half maximum (FWHM) was extracted from the distorted reflection spectra caused by the crack-tip inhomogeneous strain field, so as to explain the crack propagation behaviors. Design/methodology/approach The FWHM

Purpose This paper aims to estimate the relationship between defect structure with gas concentration for use as a gas sensor. The change in defect concentration caused a shift in the Fermi level, which in turn changed the surface potential, which is manifested as the potentiometric response of the sensing element. Design/methodology/approach A new theoretical concept based on defect chemistry and band

Purpose The reduced ability of eyes to see clearly even with the use of glasses is known as the state of visual impairment. Among the many challenges faced, outdoor travel is one of them requiring to travel through surfaces, which has potholes and bumps. Design/methodology/approach The depth of the pothole and height of the bump is also conveyed to the user through different vibration pattern of various

Purpose Although a laser profile sensor (LPS) can be used to measure dimensions, the “shadow region” generally degrades the accuracy and precision of width measurements. The accuracy and precision of such measurements should be improved. Design/methodology/approach In this paper, the authors propose herein a technique that combines high dynamic range (HDR) imaging with logistic fitting. First, a HDR

Purpose This paper aims to report an insightful portable microfluidic system for rapid and selective sensing of Hg2+ in the picomolar (pM) concentration using microcantilever-based piezoresistive sensor. The detection time for various laboratory-based techniques is generally 12–24 h. The majority of modules used in the proposed platform are battery oriented; therefore, they are portable and handy to

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present the problem of implementation of the differential global navigation satellite system (DGNSS) differential technique for aircraft accuracy positioning. The paper particularly focuses on identification and an analysis of the accuracy of aircraft positioning for the DGNSS measuring technique. Design/methodology/approach The investigation uses the DGNSS method

Purpose The three-axis magnetic sensors are mostly calibrated by scalar method such as ellipsoid fitting and so on, but these methods cannot completely determine the 12 parameters of the error model. A two-stage calibration method based on particle swarm optimization (TSC-PSO) is proposed, which makes full use of the amplitude invariance and direction invariance of Earth’s magnetic field vector. D

Purpose The smart image sensor (SIS) which integrated with both sensor and smart processor has been widely applied in vision-based intelligent perception. In these applications, the linearity of the image sensor is crucial for better processing performance. However, the simple source-follower based readout circuit in the conventional SIS introduces significant nonlinearity. This paper aims to design

Purpose The paper aims to develop a novel method for the classification of different physical activities of a human being, using fabric sensors. This method focuses mainly on classifying the physical activity between normal action and violent attack on a victim and verifies its validity. Design/methodology/approach The system is realized as a protective jacket that can be worn by the subject. Stretch

Purpose Dyadic interactions are significant for human life. Most body sensor networks-based research studies focus on daily actions, but few works have been done to recognize affective actions during interactions. The purpose of this paper is to analyze and recognize affective actions collected from dyadic interactions. Design/methodology/approach A framework that combines hidden Markov models (HMMs)

Purpose Six-axis force sensors play an important role in civilian and military fields because of their multifunctionality. In the context of sensor structure design, sensitivity and sensitivity isotropy are often considered. This paper aims to study the possible relationship between the sensitivity/sensitivity isotropy and structural parameters of an 8/4–4 parallel six-axis force sensor. A comprehensive

Purpose Profile measurement with boundary information plays a vital role in the detection of quality in the assembly of aviation parts. The purpose of this paper is to improve the evaluation accuracy of the aerodynamic shapes of airplanes, the profiles of large-sized parts need to be measured accurately. Design/methodology/approach In this paper, an accurate profile measurement method based on boundary

Purpose The purpose of this study is to numerically simulate the Lamb wave propagation through a clamp-on ultrasonic gas flowmeter (UGF) in contact mode, using a new semi three-dimensional approach. Moreover, experimental and analytical modeling results for transit time difference method have been used to confirm the simulation results at different gas flow velocities from 0.3 to 2.4 m/s. Design/methodology/approach

Purpose The purpose of this study is to use visual and inertial sensors to achieve real-time location. How to provide an accurate location has become a popular research topic in the field of indoor navigation. Although the complementarity of vision and inertia has been widely applied in indoor navigation, many problems remain, such as inertial sensor deviation calibration, unsynchronized visual and

Purpose The purpose of this paper is a new thin-film based sensor proposed for sensitive and selective detection of mercury (Hg2+) ions in water. The thin-film platform is easy to use and quick for heavy metal ions (HMIs) detection in the picomolar range. Ion-selective self-assembled monolayer's (SAM) of thiol used for the detection of HMIs above the Au/Ti top surface. Design/methodology/approach A

Purpose This paper aims to focus on the development and characterization of a new electrochemical sensor, designed for the detection of methylene blue present in aqueous medium. Design/methodology/approach This sensor is obtained through the coupling of a polymeric membrane and an ion-sensitive electrode (platinum electrode). The preparation of the polymeric membrane involves the incorporation of a

Purpose The present study aims to summarize different non-invasive techniques for continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in diabetic patients using glucose-oxidase biosensors. In diabetic patients, the self-monitoring of blood glucose (BG) levels through minimally invasive techniques provides a quick method of measuring their BG concentration, unlike conventional laboratory measurements. The drawbacks

Purpose The study of vascular mechanics is important. The purpose of this paper is to present an apparatus to measure the biomechanical properties of blood vessels, which can be used for tensile test and fatigue test. Design/methodology/approach This equipment consists of a mechanical test platform, a hardware circuit based on FPGA and control software. The torque generated by stepper motor is converted

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to design a kernel convolution processor. High-speed image processing is a challenging task for real-time applications such as product quality control of manufacturing lines. Smart image sensors use an array of in-pixel processors to facilitate high-speed real-time image processing. These sensors are usually used to perform the initial low-level bulk image filtering

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to verify the possibility of ultrasonic intensification of drug dissolution of cholesterol calculi of the gallbladder using conventional ultrasound frequency and intensity from 0.1 to 0.5 W/cm2. Design/methodology/approach For research purposes, the physical model was developed containing pig bile, pig liver, pigskin, fat and muscles, as well as human cholesterol

Purpose This paper aims to describe a new microwave radiometer designed for sensing natural mediums to solve various applied scientific problems. The research findings enable to make assertions about high efficiency of the described microwave radiometer being a part of mobile sensor systems with self-contained power supplies. Design/methodology/approach A new microwave radiometer is based on the modification

Purpose Active infrared (IR) thermography, because of its high productivity and illustrativeness, is a promising technique in nondestructive testing (NDT). The purpose of this paper is to discuss a concept and practical implementation of a portable experimental unit intended for IR thermographic NDT of corrosion in metallic shells. Design/methodology/approach The basic theory relates to the analysis

Purpose This paper aims to overcome the defect of single-source temperature measurement method and improve the measurement accuracy of FTR. The friction temperature rise (FTR) of brake affects braking performance seriously. However, it was mainly detected by single-source indirect thermometry, which has obvious deviations. Design/methodology/approach A three-point temperature measurement system was

Purpose One of the problems encountered by developers of inertial systems, such as gyroscopes and accelerometers, is the critical dependence of the eigenfrequencies of elastic suspensions (ES) on temperature when using substrates for sensors made of dielectric materials, such as borosilicate glass. The internal stresses arising in the ES caused by the difference in the temperature coefficients of linear

Purpose Biometric identification system has become emerging research field because of its wide applications in the fields of security. This study (multimodal system) aims to find more applications than the unimodal system because of their high user acceptance value, better recognition accuracy and low-cost sensors. The biometric identification using the finger knuckle and the palmprint finds more application

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze the results of recording electrophysiological signals by nanosensors during tests on volunteers using neutral questions and questions that cause excitement. Design/methodology/approach The nanosensor-based hardware and software complex (HSC) was used for simultaneous recording of electrocardiogram, electroencephalogram and galvanic skin response during

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study the spectral sensitivity characteristics of new pyroelectric sensor based on tetraaminodiphenyl film within the wavelength range of 0.4-10 µm and 300-3,000 µm. Design/methodology/approach Mylar film with the thickness of about 70 µm was used as the input window. The MDR-41 monochromator-based spectrometric complex and the quasi-optical spectrometer with

Purpose Displacement measurement in large-scale structures (such as excavation walls) is one of the most important applications of close-range photogrammetry, in which achieving high precision requires extracting and accurately matching local features from convergent images. The purpose of this study is to introduce a new multi-image pointing (MIP) algorithm is introduced based on the characteristics

Purpose This paper aims to propose and demonstrate novel microphone sensors based on the frequency delta-sigma modulation (FDSM) technique, which replaces the conventional delta-sigma modulator in the delta-sigma analog-to digital converters. A key of the FDSM technology is to use a voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) for converting an input analog signal to a 1-bit pulse-density modulated digital

Purpose Differential pressure is an important technological parameter, one urgent task of which is control and measurement. To date, the lion’s share of research in this area has focused on the development and improvement of differential pressure sensors. The purpose of this paper is to develop a smart differential pressure sensor with improved operational and metrological characteristics. Design/

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present a study on miniaturized instruments for analytical chemistry with a microplasma as the excitation source. Design/methodology/approach The atmospheric pressure glow microdischarge could be ignited inside a ceramic structure between a solid anode and a liquid cathode. As a result of the cathode sputtering of the solution, it was possible to determine its

Purpose The paper aims to develop a method for improving the accuracy of smart sensors (deemed as digital measuring instruments) by organizing combined measurements and processing their results by the parametric adjustment method at heterogeneous dispersion of the random error of the applied regression model. Design/methodology/approach When carrying out combined measurements, the problem of joint

Purpose This work encompasses the various laboratory-based and portable methods evolved in recent times for sensitive and selective detection of ethylene for fruit-ripening application. The role of ethylene in natural and artificial fruit ripening and the associated health hazards are well known. So there is a growing need for ethylene detection. This paper aims to highlight potential methods developed

Purpose To solve the problem that the traditional received signal strength indicator real-time location method does not test the attenuation characteristics of the electromagnetic wave transmission in the location area, which cannot guarantee the accuracy of the location, resulting in a large location error. Design/methodology/approach At present, the compressed sensing (CS) reconstruction algorithm

Purpose An effective machine vision-based method for micro-crack detection of solar cell can economically improve the qualified rate of solar cells. However, how to extract features which have strong generalization and data representation ability at the same time is still an open problem for machine vision-based methods. Design/methodology/approach A micro-crack detection method based on adaptive deep

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore gas/liquid two-phase flow is widely existed in industrial fields, especially in chemical engineering. Electrical resistance tomography (ERT) is considered to be one of the most promising techniques to monitor the transient flow process because of its advantages such as fast respond speed and cross-section imaging. However, maintaining high resolution

Purpose The purpose of this paper is the development and study of capacitive coupling electrodes with the ability to monitor the quality of the skin–electrode contact in the process of electrocardiogram (ECG) diagnostics. The study’s scope embraces experimental identification of distortions contributed into the recorded ECG signal at various degrees of disturbance of the skin–electrode contact. De

Purpose This paper aims to clarify the relationship between the performance of the metal nanoparticles and the sensitivity of the fiber surface plasma resonance (SPR) sensor. It proposes modeling the sensing effects of a single-mode fiber SPR sensor with a cone angle structure decorated with metal nanoparticles. This study uses the metal nanoparticles to the realize enhanced sensitivity of refractive

Purpose The problem of port and starboard ambiguity will exist when only utilize the vector or scalar parameters. Meanwhile, the amplitude-phase error between the vector and scalar can also cause this problem. In this paper, a compound MEMS vector hydrophone which contains cilia vector microstructure and piezoelectric ceramic tube has been presented to solve the problem. Compared with traditional MEMS

Purpose The measurement of aircraft barycenter is a verification of theoretical barycenter and is an important step of aircraft development. In the traditional measurement method of aircraft barycenter, the posture of the aircraft needs to be adjusted manually and is measured by optical instruments. The efficiency of posture adjustment depends on the proficiency of workers, and the accuracy of measurement

Purpose This paper aims to investigate whether electroencephalography (EEG) technology is effective in qualifying the tactile sensation evoked by non-steady cutaneous electrical stimulation. EEG is a novel method for electrotactile analysis and has demonstrated the discrimination ability for electrotactile sensation under steady contact conditions in recent years. However, in non-steady contact conditions

Purpose This study aims to develop a real-time algorithm, which can detect people even in arbitrary poses. To cover poor and changing light conditions, it does not rely on color information. The developed method is expected to run on computers with low computational resources so that it can be deployed on autonomous mobile robots. Design/methodology/approach The method is designed to have a people

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to solve the problem that the relationship between loading forces, which were applied at different positions on a plane, and output values of load-sharing dynamometer is non-linear. Design/methodology/approach First, the analytical model of ISPM (isodynamic surface proportional mapping method) method, which is used to calibrate dynamometer, was established. Then

Purpose For fixed-wing micro air vehicles, the attitude determination is usually produced by the horizon/Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) in which the GNSS provides yaw estimates, while roll and pitch are computed using horizon sensors. However, the attitude determination has been independently obtained from the two sensors, which will result in insufficient usage of data. Also, when implementing

Purpose This paper aims to describe the fabrication, packaging and testing of a resistive loaded p-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor-based (MOSFET-based) current mirror-integrated pressure transducer. Design/methodology/approach Using the concept of piezoresistive effect in a MOSFET, three identical p-channel MOSFETs connected in current mirror configuration have been designed

Purpose In spite of the vehicle, magnetic field interference can be reduced by some measures and techniques in ammunition design and manufacturing stage, the corruption of the vehicle magnetic field can still reach hundreds to thousands of nanoteslas. Besides, the magnetic field that the ferromagnetic materials generate in response to the strong magnetic field in the vicinity of the body. So, a real-time

Purpose As a new type of ultrasonic transducer with significant advantages, capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer (CMUT) has good application prospect. The reception characteristic of the CMUT is one of the important factors determining the application effect. This paper aims to study the reception characteristics of CMUT. Design/methodology/approach In this paper, the state equation is deduced

Purpose A new electrochemical analysis based on ß-cyclodextrin (ß-CD) was developed for penicillin V (Peni-V) using polyaniline as a conducting polymer. Design/methodology/approach The preparation of modified electrode involves the incorporation of β-CD with membrane of polyaniline. Polyaniline, incorporating β-CD, was prepared by electrochemical polymerization method in a medium of hypochloride. Cyclic

Purpose The paper aims to focus on implantable antenna sensors used for biomedical applications. Communication in implantable medical devices (IMDs) is beneficial for continuous monitoring of health. The ability to communicate with exterior equipment is an important aspect of IMD. Thus, the design of an implantable antenna for integration into IMD is important. Design/methodology/approach In this review

Purpose The vehicle sideslip angle is an important state of vehicle lateral dynamics and its knowledge is crucial for the successful implementation of advanced driver-assistance systems. Measuring the vehicle sideslip angle on a production vehicle is challenging because of the exorbitant price of a physical sensor. This paper aims to present a novel framework for virtually sensing/estimating the vehicle