This paper theoretically and empirically explores the reliability gain that can be obtained by installing multiple antennas in on‐vehicle broadcasting receivers. Analytical derivations reveal that maximal‐ratio‐combining‐based diversity allows a multi‐antenna receiver (MR) to achieve significantly better coverage probability than a single‐antenna receiver (SR). In particular, the notable MR gains for

In computational biology, desired patterns are searched in large text databases, and an exact match is preferable. Classical benchmark algorithms obtain competent solutions for pattern matching in time, whereas quantum algorithm design is based on Grover's method, which completes the search in time. This paper briefly explains existing quantum algorithms and defines their processing limitations. Our

This work proposes suitable network configurations for single frequency networks (SFNs) with ATSC 1.0 based on network coverage calculations and the laboratory multipath handling performance of commercial receivers. SFNs are widely used for delivering terrestrial digital television services because of their efficient use of the spectrum. In Mexico the analogue television transmissions switch‐off occurred

In this work, the secrecy of a typical wireless cooperative dual‐hop non‐orthogonal multiple access (NOMA)‐enabled decode‐and‐forward (DF) relay network is investigated with the impact of collaborative and non‐collaborative eavesdropping. The system model consists of a source that broadcasts the multiplexed signal to two NOMA users via a DF relay, and information security against the eavesdropper nodes

The quality of experience (QoE) of video streaming is degraded by playback interruptions, which can be mitigated by the playout buffers of end users. To analyze the impact of playout buffer dynamics on the QoE of wireless adaptive hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) progressive video, we model the playout buffer as a G/D/1 queue with an arbitrary packet arrival rate and deterministic service time. Because

In the task of data routing in Internet of Things enabled volatile underwater environments, providing better transmission and maximizing network communication performance are always challenging. Many network issues such as void holes and network isolation occur because of long routing distances between nodes. Void holes usually occur around the sink because nodes die early due to the high energy consumed

Cyberattacks are often difficult to identify with traditional signature‐based detection, because attackers continually find ways to bypass the detection methods. Therefore, researchers have introduced artificial intelligence (AI) technology for cybersecurity analysis to detect malicious PowerShell scripts. In this paper, we propose a feature optimization technique for AI‐based approaches to enhance

This paper presents a low‐cost prototype for monitoring online the maximum power produced by a domestic photovoltaic (PV) system using Internet of Things (IoT) technology. The most common tracking algorithms (P&O, InCond, HC, VSS InCond, and FL) were first simulated using MATLAB/Simulink and then implemented in a low‐cost microcontroller (Arduino). The current, voltage, load current, load voltage,

Multi‐carrier waveforms have several advantages over single‐carrier waveforms for radar communication. Employing multi‐carrier complementary phase‐coded (MCPC) waveforms in radar applications has recently attracted significant attention. MCPC radar signals take advantage of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing properties, and several authors have explored the use of MCPC signals and the difficulties

Single‐carrier frequency division multiple access (SC‐FDMA) is currently being used in long‐term evolution uplink communications owing to its low peak‐to‐average power ratio (PAPR). This study proposes a new transceiver design for an SC‐FDMA system based on Walsh‐Hadamard transform (WHT). The proposed WHT‐based SC‐FDMA system has low‐PAPR and better bit‐error rate (BER) performance compared with the

To resolve energy depletion issues in massive Internet of Things sensor networks, we developed a set of distributed energy beamforming methods with one‐bit feedback and clustering for multi‐node wireless energy transfer, where multiple single‐antenna distributed energy transmitters (Txs) transfer their energy to multiple nodes wirelessly. Unlike previous works focusing on distributed information beamforming

CRAFT is a tweakable block cipher introduced in 2019 that aims to provide strong protection against differential fault analysis. In this paper, we show that CRAFT is vulnerable to side‐channel cube attacks. We apply side‐channel cube attacks to CRAFT with the Hamming weight leakage assumption. We found that the first half of the secret key can be recovered from the Hamming weight leakage after the

Algorithm based on Byzantine agreement among decentralized agents (BADA) https://doi.org/10.4218/etrij.2019‐0489 ETRI Journal, Volume 42, Issue 6, December 2020, pp. 872–885. In the article entitled “Algorithm based on Byzantine agreement among decentralized agents (BADA),” the grant number provided by the authors in Funding information was incorrect. The Funding information should read as follows:

Catastrophic events cause casualties, damage property, and lead to huge social impacts. To build common standards and facilitate international communications regarding disasters, the relevant authorities in social management rank them in subjectively imposed terms such as direct economic losses and loss of life. Terrorist attacks involving uncertain human factors, which are roughly graded based on

In this paper, an additional degree of freedom in phased multi‐input multi‐output (phased‐MIMO) radar with any arbitrary desired covariance matrix is proposed using space‐time codes. By using the proposed method, any desired transmit covariance matrix in MIMO radar (phased‐MIMO radars) can be realized by employing fully correlated base waveforms such as phased‐array radars and simply extending them

Data filtering is an essential task for improving the energy efficiency of radio‐frequency identification (RFID) networks. Among various energy‐efficient approaches, clustering‐based data filtering is considered to be the most effective solution because data from cluster members can be filtered at cluster heads before being sent to base stations. However, this approach quickly depletes the energy of

This paper proposes an approach to improve the performance of no‐reference video quality assessment for sports videos with dynamic motion scenes using an efficient spatiotemporal model. In the proposed method, we divide the video sequences into video blocks and apply a 3D shearlet transform that can efficiently extract primary spatiotemporal features to capture dynamic natural motion scene statistics

Several methods exist for detecting hacking programs operating within online games. However, a significant amount of computational power is required to detect the illegal access of a hacking program in game clients. In this study, we propose a novel detection method that analyzes the protected memory area and the hacking program's process in real time. Our proposed method is composed of a three‐step

We would like to express our appreciation to the following reviewers for their valuable assistance, expert knowledge in 2020. With their help, we were able to maintain the high quality of papers published in ETRI Journal. A Raja Basha, Sri Venkateswara College of Eng. Abhay Chaturvedi, GLA Univ. Abhinav Jain, Thapar Inst. of Eng. and Technol. Adriano Fiorese, Santa Catarina State Univ. Afsah Anwar

As wireless communication continues to develop in limited frequency resource environments, it is becoming important to identify the state of spectrum utilization and predict the amount needed in future. It is essential to collect reliable information for data analysis. This paper introduces a platform that enables the gathering of the scheduling information of a long‐term evolution (LTE) cellular system

In this paper, we propose one‐bit feedback‐based distributed beamforming (DBF) techniques for simultaneous wireless information and power transfer in interference channels where the information transfer and power transfer networks coexist in the same frequency spectrum band. In a power transfer network, multiple distributed energy transmission nodes transmit their energy signals to a single energy

Abstractive text summarization is a process of making a summary of a given text by paraphrasing the facts of the text while keeping the meaning intact. The manmade summary generation process is laborious and time‐consuming. We present here a summary generation model that is based on multilayered attentional peephole convolutional long short‐term memory (MAPCoL; LSTM) in order to extract abstractive

With cyberattack techniques on the rise, there have been increasing developments in the detection techniques that defend against such attacks. However, cyber attackers are now developing fileless malware to bypass existing detection techniques. To combat this trend, security vendors are publishing analysis reports to help manage and better understand fileless malware. However, only fragmentary analysis

The objective of this study was to implement an in vitro exposure system for 28 GHz to investigate the biological effects of fifth‐generation (5G) communication. A signal source of 28 GHz for 5G millimeter‐wave (MMW) deployment was developed, followed by a variable attenuator for antenna input power control. A power amplifier was also customized to ensure a maximum output power of 10 W for high‐power

Distributed consensus requires the consent of more than half of the congress to produce irreversible results, and the performance of the consensus algorithm deteriorates with the increase in the number of nodes. This problem can be addressed by delegating the agreement to a few selected nodes. Since the selected nodes must comply with the Byzantine node ratio criteria required by the algorithm, the

We propose 8.2‐GHz band radar RFICs for an 8 × 8 phased‐array frequency‐modulated continuous‐wave receiver developed using 65‐nm CMOS technology. This receiver panel is constructed using a multichip solution comprising fabricated 2 × 2 low‐noise amplifier phase‐shifter (LNA‐PS) chips and a 4ch RX front‐end chip. The LNA‐PS chip has a novel phase‐shifter circuit for low‐voltage operation, novel active

This paper presents a lightweight true random number generator (TRNG) using beta radiation that is useful for Internet of Things (IoT) security. In general, a random number generator (RNG) is required for all secure communication devices because random numbers are needed to generate encryption keys. Most RNGs are computer algorithms and use physical noise as their seed. However, it is difficult to

Traditional wisdom on how late industrialized countries follow the technology trajectories of preceding economies is in need of reformation as these countries have attained industrial leadership in a growing number of fields. However, current understandings about these countries' development of their emerging technologies have yet to investigate the divergence of idiosyncratic technology trajectories

The World Health Organization provides guidelines for managing the particulate matter (PM) level because a higher PM level represents a threat to human health. To manage the PM level, a procedure for measuring the PM value is first needed. We use a PM sensor that collects the PM level by laser‐based light scattering (LLS) method because it is more cost effective than a beta attenuation monitor‐based

The Joint Video Exploration Team (JVET) has studied future video coding (FVC) technologies with a potential compression capacity that significantly exceeds that of the high‐efficiency video coding (HEVC) standard. The joint exploration test model (JEM), a common platform for the exploration of FVC technologies in the JVET, employs quadtree plus binary tree block partitioning, which enhances the flexibility

The research domain of underwater communication has garnered much interest among researchers exploring underwater activities. The underwater environment differs from the terrestrial setting. Some of the main challenges in underwater communication are limited bandwidth, low data rate, propagation delay, and high bit error rate (BER). As such, this study assessed the underwater acoustic (UWA) aspect

The evolution of blockchain‐based systems has enabled researchers to develop next‐generation e‐voting systems. However, the classical consensus method of blockchain, that is, Proof‐of‐Work, as implemented in Bitcoin, has a significant impact on energy consumption and compromises the scalability, efficiency, and latency of the system. In this paper, we propose a hybrid consensus model (PSC‐Bchain) composed

Several code‐division multiple access (CDMA)‐based interconnect schemes have been recently proposed as alternatives to the conventional time‐division multiplexing bus in multicore systems‐on‐chip. CDMA systems with a dynamic assignment of spreading codewords are particularly attractive because of their potential for higher bandwidth efficiency compared with the systems in which the codewords are statically

This article presents a multi‐dimensional spatial pattern analysis of crime events in San Francisco. Our analysis includes the impact of spatial resolution on hotspot identification, temporal effects in crime spatial patterns, and relationships between various crime categories. In this work, crime prediction is viewed as a classification problem. When predictions for a particular category are made

Fifth generation (5G) mobile systems are designed to support voice, data, video, games, smart grids, smart factories, intelligent building systems (IBS), Internet of Things (IoT), cyber physical systems (CPSs), autonomous vehicles, connected vehicles, intelligent transportation systems (ITS), and much more. In addition, various novel designs for Beyond 5G (B5G) technologies are now being proposed.

Sixth generation will exploit satellite, aerial, and terrestrial platforms jointly to improve radio access capability and unlock the support of on‐demand edge cloud services in three‐dimensional (3D) space, by incorporating mobile edge computing (MEC) functionalities on aerial platforms and low‐orbit satellites. This will extend the MEC support to devices and network elements in the sky and forge a

In edge computing, most procedures, including data collection, data processing, and service provision, are handled at edge nodes and not in the central cloud. This decreases the processing burden on the central cloud, enabling fast responses to end‐device service requests in addition to reducing bandwidth consumption. However, edge nodes have restricted computing, storage, and energy resources to support

5G AgiLe and fLexible integration of SaTellite And cellulaR (5G‐ALLSTAR) is a Korea‐Europe (KR‐EU) collaborative project for developing multi‐connectivity (MC) technologies that integrate cellular and satellite networks to provide seamless, reliable, and ubiquitous broadband communication services and improve service continuity for 5G and beyond. The main scope of this project entails the prototype

In this paper, we propose a supervised‐learning‐based spatial performance prediction (SLPP) framework for next‐generation heterogeneous communication networks (HCNs). Adaptive asset placement, dynamic resource allocation, and load balancing are critical network functions in an HCN to ensure seamless network management and enhance service quality. Although many existing systems use measurement data

Because of the rapid increase of mobile traffic, flexible broadband supportive unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)‐based 6G mobile networks using free space optical (FSO) links have been recently proposed. Considering the advancements made in UAVs, big data processing, and artificial intelligence precision control technologies, the formation of an additional wireless network based on UAV aerial platforms

Recently, to make the best use of limited and precious spectrum resources, spectrum sharing between satellite and cellular networks has received much interest. In this study, we mathematically analyze the success probability of a fixed (satellite) earth station (FES) based on a stochastic geometry framework. Both the FES and base stations (BSs) are assumed to be equipped with a directional antenna

Recently, there is an increasing demand for ultra‐low‐latency (ULL) services such as factory automation, autonomous driving, and telesurgery that must meet an end‐to‐end latency of less than 10 ms. Fifth‐generation (5G) New Radio guarantees 0.5 ms one‐way latency, so the feasibility of ULL services is higher than in previous mobile communications. However, this feasibility ensures performance at the

A 40 nm complementary metal oxide semiconductor carrier‐aggregated drive amplifier with high linearity is presented for sub‐GHz Internet of Things applications. The proposed drive amplifier consists of two high linear amplifiers, which are composed of five differential cascode cells. Carrier aggregation can be achieved by switching on both the driver amplifiers simultaneously and combining the two

In this study, an E‐band low‐noise amplifier (LNA) monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) has been designed using silicon‐germanium 130‐nm bipolar complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor technology to suppress unwanted signal gain outside operating frequencies and improve the signal gain and noise figures at operating frequencies. The proposed impedance‐controllable filter has series (Rs) and

One of the major challenges in wireless body area networks (WBANs) is sensor fault detection. This paper reports a method for the precise identification of faulty sensors, which should help users identify true medical conditions and reduce the rate of false alarms, thereby improving the quality of services offered by WBANs. The proposed sensor fault detection (SFD) algorithm is based on Pearson correlation

It is necessary to achieve high performance in the task of zero anaphora resolution (ZAR) for completely understanding the texts in Korean, Japanese, Chinese, and various other languages. Deep‐learning‐based models are being employed for building ZAR systems, owing to the success of deep learning in the recent years. However, the objective of building a high‐quality ZAR system is far from being achieved

As low‐power wide‐area network (LPWAN) end devices (EDs) are deployed in massive scale, their economic and environmental costs of operation are becoming too significant to ignore and too difficult to estimate. While LPWAN architectures and protocols are designed to primarily save energy, this study shows that energy saving does not necessarily lead to lower cost or environmental footprint of the network

The filtered orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (F‐OFDM) system has been recommended as a waveform candidate for fifth‐generation (5G) communications. The suppression of out‐of‐band emission (OOBE) and asynchronous transmission are the distinctive features of the filtering‐based waveform frameworks. Meanwhile, the high peak‐to‐average power ratio (PAPR) is still a challenge for the new waveform

In the last few years, detection has become a powerful methodology for network protection and security. This paper presents a new detection scheme for data recorded over a computer network. This approach is applicable to the broad scientific field of information security, including intrusion detection and prevention. The proposed method employs bidimensional (time‐frequency) data representations of

Space‐based automatic dependent surveillance‐broadcast (ADS‐B) is an important emerging augmentation of existing ground‐based ADS‐B systems. In this paper, the problem of space‐based ultra‐long‐range reception processing of ADS‐B signals is described. We first introduce a header detection method for accurately determining the pulse position of a weak ADS‐B signal. We designed a signal encoding method

Self‐recovery is a tamper‐detection and image recovery methods based on data hiding. It generates two types of data and embeds them into the original image: authentication data for tamper detection and reference data for image recovery. In this paper, a region‐based scalable self‐recovery (RSS) method is proposed for salient‐object images. As the images consist of two main regions, the region of interest

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has evolved into a general technology for a wide range of purposes and has been applied in all aspects of economy and society. It has already been extensively used in various fields, including medical services, finance, security, education, transportation, and logistics, and had led to the emergence of new commercial activities, business models, and game‐changing product

MapReduce is a framework that can process huge datasets in parallel and distributed computing environments. However, a single machine failure during the runtime of MapReduce tasks can increase completion time by 50%. MapReduce handles task failures by restarting the failed task and re‐computing all input data from scratch, regardless of how much data had already been processed. To solve this issue

We developed a 0.1‐μm metamorphic high electron mobility transistor and fabricated a W‐band monolithic microwave integrated circuit chipset with our in‐house technology to verify the performance and usability of the developed technology. The DC characteristics were a drain current density of 747 mA/mm and a maximum transconductance of 1.354 S/mm; the RF characteristics were a cutoff frequency of 210 GHz

We present AB9, a neural processor for inference acceleration. AB9 consists of a systolic tensor core (STC) neural network accelerator designed to accelerate artificial intelligence applications by exploiting the data reuse and parallelism characteristics inherent in neural networks while providing fast access to large on‐chip memory. Complementing the hardware is an intuitive and user‐friendly development

This study presents a new architecture for a field programmable analog array (FPAA) for use in low‐frequency applications, and a generalized circuit realization method for the implementation of nth‐order elliptic filters. The proposed designs of both the FPAA and elliptic filters are based on the operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) used in implementing OTA‐C filters for biopotential signal

More than 42 000 fires occur nationwide and cause over 2500 casualties every year. There is a lack of specialized equipment, and rescue operations are conducted with a minimal number of apparatuses. Through‐the‐wall radars (TTWRs) can improve the rescue efficiency, particularly under limited visibility due to smoke, walls, and collapsed debris. To overcome detection challenges and maintain a small‐form

High‐level synthesis (HLS), which automatically synthesizes a register‐transfer level (RTL) circuit from a behavioral description written in a high‐level programming language such as C/C++, is becoming a more popular technique for improving design productivity. In general, HLS tools often generate a circuit with a larger area than those of hand‐designed ones. One reason for this issue is that HLS tools

At present, multiple input multiple output radars offer accurate target detection and better target parameter estimation with higher resolution in high‐speed wireless communication systems. This study focuses primarily on power allocation to improve the performance of radars owing to the sparsity of targets in the spatial velocity domain. First, the radars are clustered using the kernel fuzzy C‐means

This paper presents an efficient hardware random‐number generator based on a beta source. The proposed generator counts the values of “0” and “1” and provides a method to distinguish between pseudo‐random and true random numbers by comparing them using simple cumulative operations. The random‐number generator produces labeled data indicating whether the count value is a pseudo‐ or true random number