样式: 排序: IF: - GO 导出 标记为已读
-
Hybrid approach for 3 phase bridgeless AC to DC Cuk converter for WECS Int. J. Electron. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2024-02-21 V. Tamilselvan, S. Siva Subramanian, V. Dinesh Kumar
This manuscript proposes a novel hybrid method based on a single-stage three-phase bridgeless alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC) Cuk converter for wind energy conversion systems (WECS)...
-
A Frequency Domain Controller Design for Quadratic Boost Converter using Direct Synthesis Approach Int. J. Electron. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2024-02-18 Purnima Verma, Md Nishat Anwar
This paper presents a frequency domain based controller design method for the output voltage regulation of quadratic boost converter exhibiting non-minimum phase behaviour. Two approaches of the co...
-
Fault-Tolerant Analysis of 5-level Modified T-type and Packed U Cell MLI Int. J. Electron. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2024-02-15 Yashwant Sawle, Vishal Rathore, Dhananjay Kumar, Hasmat Malik, Fausto Pedro García Márquez
In this work, 5-level modified T-type and modified Packed-U-Cell (PUC) multilevel inverter (MLI) topologies are designed with reduced device count for the reliability analysis of the MLI under faul...
-
A 0.75V 10nm FinField-Effect Transistor Based Hybrid Self Controlled PreCharge Free Content Addressable Memory for Low Standby Power Applications Int. J. Electron. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2024-02-14 Arulpriya Shanmugam, Kumar Ponnusamy
The switching speed and driving capability have been enhanced by scaling the transistor size to nanoscale. The limitations in using MOSFET are that the short channel effects such as leakage current...
-
A novel switched-capacitor based multilevel voltage boost inverter for EV interface Int. J. Electron. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2024-02-14 G Dhasharatha, B Mangu, Md. Haseeb Khan
Lithium cells are connected in parallel and series to meet the current and voltage requirements in Electric vehicles (EV). Voltage and charge equaliser techniques are employed to protect the lithiu...
-
Design and optimization of broadband CPW rectenna for RF energy harvesting Int. J. Electron. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2024-02-12 Priya Sharma, Ashutosh Kumar Singh, B. Naresh, Ramesh Kumar Verma, Vinod Kumar Singh, Mohit Kumar Pandey
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are widely used in a variety of sectors, including the surveillance, healthcare, and military, and so on. The high cost and short lifespan of wireless sensor network...
-
Analysis of STC-GFDM with Walsh Hadamard in generalized η−μ fading channel Int. J. Electron. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2024-02-12 Surbhi Kalsotra, Hem Dutt Joshi, Ashutosh Kumar Singh
This manuscript presents a comprehensive analytical framework for Walsh-Hadamard Transform (WHT) precoding in Space-Time Coded Generalized Frequency Division Multiplexing (STC-GFDM) systems. The in...
-
Frequency control enhancement of an islanded microgrid using disturbance-observer-based approach Int. J. Electron. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2024-02-08 Neha Aggarwal, Aparna N. Mahajan, Neelu Nagpal
Load frequency control (LFC) is a major challenge for a microgrid (MG) system due to complex, nonlinear and uncertain behaviour of distributed energy resources (DERs) and fluctuating power demand. ...
-
An approach for designing leakage compensated voltage reference circuit Int. J. Electron. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2024-02-06 Anushree, Kanhaiya Lal Pushkar, Jasdeep Kaur
In this paper, the design of CMOS-based and recyclic folded cascode (RFC)-based voltage reference circuits is presented. Further inherent leakage compensation technique using diode connected MOSFET...
-
Impact of process parameters variation on noise and linearity performances of GC-JL-GAA MOSFET Int. J. Electron. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2024-02-05 Vidyadhar Gupta, Amit Kumar Pandey, Abhinav Gupta, Vedvrat, Tarun Kumar Gupta
The short channel effects are improved in GC-JL-GAA MOSFETs by raising the channel’s graded doping level. The noise and linearity of the device plays a crucial role in RFIC circuit applications. Th...
-
A 28 GHz transformer-based Doherty power amplifier for FR2 5G applications in 40 nm CMOS Int. J. Electron. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2024-02-05 Linhong Li, Zhaofeng Zhang
In this paper, a 28 GHz transformer-based Doherty power amplifier (DPA) is designed in Huali Microelectronics (HLMC) 40 nm CMOS process. The impedance inverter is converted into transformer form to...
-
Novel dual power hybrid write operation structure for STT-MRAM Int. J. Electron. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2024-02-05 Xiangjian Jia, Guanxi Cheng, Guangjun Zhang, Yanfeng Jiang
Due to the inherent physical characteristics and the influence of process variation, the write operation in the 1T–1 R STT-MRAM bit-cell shows critical issues of asymmetric and stochastic. In the p...
-
Super-twisting hysteresis controller for multi-rotor wind energy systems Int. J. Electron. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2024-02-05 Habib Benbouhenni, Nicu Bizon, Ilhami Colak
In this study, the hysteresis controller (HCs) of the direct power control (DPC) is proposed based on super-twisting HCs (STHCs). The effectiveness of the proposed STHCs is analysed and compared wi...
-
Data transmission via hybrid fuzzy time slot scheduling in long-range communication Int. J. Electron. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2024-02-05 E. Saritha, U. Sajesh Kumar
Several communication protocols have been tuned for LoRaWAN since the development of LoRa technology more than 10 years ago. LPWAN technology can address issues like overlooked delivery ratio, redu...
-
High gain interleaved DC-DC converter with ripple-free input current and low device stress Int. J. Electron. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2024-02-05 A.S. Valarmathy, Prabhakar Mahalingam
A non-isolated DC-DC converter which yields high voltage gain and suitable for photovoltaic (PV) applications is described in this research article. The high gain converter proposed in this paper i...
-
An energy-efficient design of ternary SRAM using GNRFETs Int. J. Electron. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2024-02-05 Maedeh Orouji, Erfan Abbasian, Morteza Gholipour
The primary requirement of internet-of-things (IoT) applications is to have an energy-efficient design that extends the battery life for long-term operation. To achieve energy efficiency, one can e...
-
Compact microstrip patch antenna loaded with Artificial Transmission Line for wireless applications Int. J. Electron. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2024-02-02 T. Mary Neebha, A. Diana Andrushia, Atul Varshney, P. Malin Bruntha, M. A. P. Manimekalai
This article presents an efficient yet simple spiral antenna design methodology for 2.44 GHz Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) applications. In the suggested design, the antenna’s radiating sectio...
-
Architecture-level energy model for high-capacity STT-MRAM memory Int. J. Electron. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2024-02-02 Hui Lin, Ruoxue Yong, Yanfeng Jiang
Nowadays, STT-MRAM has emerged as one of the leading contenders for next-generation memory technologies. However, STT-MRAM still exhibits high energy consumption due to its peripheral circuits, inc...
-
A dependable and resource-frugal ring oscillator physically unclonable function Int. J. Electron. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2024-01-25 Fakir Sharif Hossain, Nasir Hossain, Sumaiya Tabassum, Tanvir Ahmed Wazi, Shuvan Bhowmik
Silicon Physical Unclonable Function (PUF) is a crucial component for hardware security, providing unique device identification in networks. PUF provides robust security for cryptographic keys and ...
-
Resource allocation method for improved spectral efficiency, outage probability and user fairness in NOMA Int. J. Electron. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2024-01-22 Pawan Gupta, Ashok Kumar, Rakesh Sharma
Non- Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) is one of the evolving and potential multiple access schemes in wireless networks to improve connection, spectrum efficiency, cell-edge throughput, and user f...
-
An Optimized Sequence for Sparse Channel Estimation in a 5G MIMO System Int. J. Electron. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2024-01-22 Chanchal Soni, Namit Gupta
Recently, the massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) system has been integrated with machine learning approaches to realise automatic channel state information detection. These methods need ...
-
Design of carbon allotrope FET-based folded cascode operational transconductance amplifiers (FC-OTA) Int. J. Electron. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2024-01-21 Mir Bintul Islam, M. Nizamuddin, S. S Islam
Throughout this study, a high-gain, low-energy folded cascode operational transconductance amplifier (FC-OTA) was modelled utilising HSPICE software. The FC-OTA designs included implementations ava...
-
Analysis and implementation of feedback linearisation controller for fuel cell-fed boost converter Int. J. Electron. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2024-01-12 F. Punnya Priya, K. Latha, K. Ramya
Fuel cell needs to be integrated with dc-dc boost converters to supply load at elevated voltages. Due to the presence of right half plane zero (RHPZ) in the output voltage to duty cycle transfer fu...
-
A Ku/K band dual linearly polarized Reflectarray for earth exploration satellite services Int. J. Electron. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2024-01-12 Vidhyashree SathyaNarayanan, Pranav Agumbe, Gulam Nabi Alsath Mohammed, Malathi Kanagasabai
A novel single-layer dual-band, dual-polarised reflectarray was designed, developed, and tested in this paper. This Reflectarray is a vital component to use, in Earth exploration sensor systems and...
-
A Rotatable Frequency- and Pattern-Reconfigurable Antenna with a Wide Tunable Bandwidth Int. J. Electron. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2024-01-12 Siyu Wu, Huaiyun Peng, Juan Chen
The proposed design introduces a novel rotatable frequency- and pattern-reconfigurable antenna, characterised by its wide tunable bandwidth. The proposed design contains a fixed feeding part and a ...
-
Multi band multi polarised fractal antenna for white space TV band Int. J. Electron. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2024-01-11 Richa Sharma, Asok De, N.S. Raghava
Designing a fractal antenna for white space TV band frequencies is the main goal of the suggested work. In this design 4 iteration Koch snowflakes patch is used to get multiband. As the number of i...
-
Design and implementation of single-phase modified bridgeless positive output CSC converter Int. J. Electron. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2024-01-09 J. Gnanavadivel, M. Shunmathi, N. Senthil Kumar
This study proposes an improved power quality-based modified bridgeless canonical switching cell (MBLCSC) converter for AC-DC applications. This proposed topology eliminates the use of diode bridge...
-
An X-band conformal FSS with enhanced shielding effectiveness Int. J. Electron. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2024-01-08 Andi Senthilkumar, Ramesh Gaddam Paneesh
A conformal frequency selective surface (FSS) with band stop property is described in this paper for X-band electromagnetic shielding applications. A thin polyimide is used as a substrate layer to ...
-
Ultra-wideband rectenna with the dual ground plane for wide dynamic input power and load range Int. J. Electron. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2024-01-04 Shailendra Singh Ojha, Vandana Vikas Thakare, P. K. Singhal
The ultra-wideband rectenna is designed to have a fractional bandwidth of more than 100%, allowing it to work from 1.4 GHz to 5.4 GHz, with a bandwidth of 4 GHz. The proposed design involves a squa...
-
Dual-function fault current limiter for electric vehicles protections Int. J. Electron. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2023-12-14 Morteza Hesami, Mehdi Bigdeli, Mehdi Firouzi
Electric vehicles (EVs) are becoming increasingly popular and the development of reliable and efficient protection systems for their DC systems has become a pressing issue. In response to this need...
-
Design and Optimization of Reversible Arithmetic Unit Using Modified Gate Diffusion Input Logic Int. J. Electron. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2023-12-11 Swetha Siliveri, N. Siva Sankara Reddy
Increasing integration levels and demand for portability have made minimising the power consumption of circuits increasingly important for wide range of applications. Reversible logic is a low-powe...
-
A novel non-isolated step-down converter with low switch voltage stress Int. J. Electron. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2023-12-11 Sharareh Bashirazami, Mohammad Reza Amini, Ehsan Adib, Majid Delshad
This article is aimed at introducing a novel non-isolated step-down converter with superior advantages including reduced voltage stress on switching, enhanced efficiency as well as reduced number o...
-
A multi-beam circularly polarised Fabry-Perot resonator antenna array using SIW for X-Band applications Int. J. Electron. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2023-11-15 Reza Khajeh MohammadLou, Tohid Aribi, Tohid Sedghi, Bal S. Virdee
This paper presents a novel multi-layer beamforming antenna array based on Fabry-Perot resonator that is excited by a high-performance compact 4 × 4 Butler matrix using substrate integrated wavegui...
-
Evaluation of dual-ONOFIC method for subthreshold leakage Reduction in domino circuit Int. J. Electron. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2023-11-08 Vijay Kumar Magraiya, Tarun Kumar Gupta, Rajesh Verma, Amit Kumar Pandey, Shiv Prasad Kori
A novel dual ON/OFF logic (ONOFIC) pull-down method is presented to reduce subthreshold leakage current in FinFET domino circuit wide OR gates at the 32 nm technology node. An ONOFIC block is inser...
-
An area efficient vedic multiplier for FFT processor implementation using 4-2 compressor adder Int. J. Electron. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2023-11-06 S. Dhanasekar
This article proposes a compact compressor adder of Vedic multiplication for an area-efficient FFT architecture. A standard multi-radix-24,22,23 FFT with a single-path delay feedback structure is c...
-
Simultaneous compensation of distorted DC bus and AC side voltage using enhanced virtual synchronous generator in Islanded DC microgrid Int. J. Electron. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2023-11-05 Mohammad Hossein Mousavi, Hassan Moradi
There are many effective techniques for virtual inertia emulation in DC microgrids that can help DC bus voltage stability through power exchange with virtual inertia injection. But one of the vexin...
-
A fast-locking low-reference spur cascaded PLL with gate-diffusion input-based phase detector and pulse width amplifier Int. J. Electron. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2023-11-07 Saurabh Kumar, Yatendra Kumar Singh
This paper presents a newly proposed high-order cascaded phase-locked loop using a type-I phase-locked loop in the second stage. The type-I phase-locked loop includes a gate-diffusion-input-based p...
-
Effects of metal work function and gate-Oxide dielectric on super high frequency Performance of a non-align junction DG-MOSFET based inverter in the sub-100 nm regime: a TCAD simulation Analysis Int. J. Electron. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2023-11-05 Banoth Vasu Naik, Arun Kumar Sinha
This paper presents simulation analysis of an inverter made from non-aligned double gate field effect transistors (NADGFETs) in Sub-100 nm regime. The inverter consists of n-channel NADGFET and p-c...
-
Circuit fault detection model using multiclass support vector machine Int. J. Electron. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2023-10-30 T. Vijayalakshmi, J. Selvakumar
Fault detection in a complex circuit is a tedious process, and it requires specialised manpower to detect and localise the faults. Manual detection is quite time consuming and might be wrong some t...
-
Adaptive continuous twisting control for speed regulation in PMSM Int. J. Electron. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2023-11-02 Yi Wu, Keqi Mei, Lu Liu, Shinghong Ding, Yuanzhu Wu, Qunhui Ge
Traditional vector control strategies can not eliminate the disturbances existing in permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) systems while maintaining their dynamic performances. To address this ...
-
Wide voltage range and low Current ripple bidirectional DC/DC converter Int. J. Electron. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2023-10-27 Chong Zhang, Donghu Li, Yushun Zhao, Dongsheng Yu
Along with the prosperous growth of Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) be applied in renewable energy system, wide voltage range regulation and low current ripple bidirectional DC/DC converters a...
-
Tunable floating and grounded memristor emulator Model Int. J. Electron. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2023-10-14 Sagar Surendra Prasad, Somenath Dutta, Chandan Kumar Chobey, Sanjay Kumar Dubey, Bindu Priyadarshini, Rajeev Kumar Ranjan
A Differential Difference Current Conveyor Transconductance Amplifier (DDCCTA) based resistor tunable memristor emulator has been proposed in this work. The emulator can be used in both grounded an...
-
Improved SOI-MESFET structures for enhanced efficiency and optimized DC/RF characteristics Int. J. Electron. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2023-10-06 Ahmad Ghiasi, Salah I. Yahya, Abbas Rezaei
In this paper, two new silicon on insulator metal-semiconductor field effect transistor (SOI-MESFET) structures are presented. Two parallel layers of oxide and aluminium are added at the gate edge ...
-
A pulse train controlled Buck converter based on a Single Memristive multi-Vibrator Int. J. Electron. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2023-10-06 Xiaotong Zhou, Dongsheng Yu, Zhaokun Li, Shenglong Yu, Muhammad Junaid
Memristors (MRs) have been used in integrated circuit design due to their nanoscale size and low power consumption. In this study, a flux-controlled binary MR emulator is designed by using off-the-...
-
High gain novel Two input Two output buck - boost converter for electric vehicle applications Int. J. Electron. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2023-10-06 S. Sathishkumar, V. Kamatchi Kannan, C. Maheswari, S. Albert Alexander
With the advancements in electric vehicles in the market, it is necessary to rephrase the converter for effective gain. The proposed Two Input – Two Output (TITO) converter accepts input from two s...
-
A ROBUST LOW POWER FSM CORDIC LMS FILTER DESIGN for EXPONENTIAL NOISE REMOVAL in PACEMAKER Int. J. Electron. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2023-10-09 N Agnes Shiny Rachel, G Rajakumar
Heart disease is identified to be the major reason for death worldwide as recorded by World Health Organization. The use of cardiac pacemakers was estimated to be around 1.14 million in the year 20...
-
Detailed analysis and modeling of improved cascade buck converter Int. J. Electron. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2023-10-06 Mehmet Ali USTA, Erdinç Şahi̇n
– This paper presents ready-to-use nonlinear and linear averaged models of an improved cascade buck converter (ICBC) for the first time. A detailed steady-state analysis is also given, providing it...
-
Performance Improvement and Analysis of NOMA in densely populated networks Int. J. Electron. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2023-10-06 G Sivakannu, R Marshal, P Muthuchidambaranathan
Non Orthogonal Multiple Access technique (NOMA) is a potential and promising candidate for 5 G and beyond 5 G due to its better spectral efficiency and low latency. However, it faces implementation...
-
A compact star-shaped leaky-wave antenna for half-space steering Int. J. Electron. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2023-10-05 Seyed Jalil Hosseini, Mohammad Khalaj-Amirhosseini
In this paper, a compact leaky-wave planer antenna is proposed. The proposed antenna fabricated by the printed circuit broad technology can scan a large part of its upper half-space. The proposed a...
-
Design a Wilkinson power divider with improved passband and rejection band Int. J. Electron. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2023-10-04 Kadhim Jawad Abdulkarim Al-Khafaji, Hamed Abbasi
In this paper, a Wilkinson power divider based on a new harmonic suppressor structure is proposed with suppressed harmonics and improved operating band parameters. The proposed suppressor structure...
-
Programmable PVT compensated dual output resistance tunable current controlled conveyor Int. J. Electron. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2023-10-04 Aruna Pathak, Manoj Kumar Tiwari, Neeta Pandey, Sajal K Paul, Saiyid Mohammad Irshad Rizvi
In the existing dual output resistance tunable current controlled conveyor (DO-RTCCCII), a resistance trimming block is added at the X terminal (RXdig) which is controlled by programmable bits. RXd...
-
Generalized strategy for stabilizing minimax-type variable bandpass filter Int. J. Electron. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2023-10-04 Tian-Bo Deng
This paper first develops a novel transformation-based strategy for guaranteeing the stability of recursive-type variable digital filters, and then presents a new type of functions called less-than...
-
Design of high efficient low power static logic circuit using SG fin FET Int. J. Electron. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2023-09-21 Venkatesan RameyaSridharan, Manjunathan Alagarsamy, Balamurugan Rajangam, Lalitha Sekar
The increasing demand of integration density improvement and battery-powered device efficiency reduced complementary metal-oxide semiconductor ;(CMOS) technology node. In the technology of CMOS, th...
-
A QCA placement and routing algorithm based on the SA algorithm Int. J. Electron. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2023-09-04 Gaisheng Li, Fei Peng, Bing Zhang, Yanshuai Li, Guangjun Xie
ABSTRACT In the Beyond Moore era, QCA (Quantum-dot Cellular Automata) has been widely studied because of its low power consumption and high device concentration. As the core of chip design, EDA technology has become an indispensable step in QCA research. It refers to the use of computer-aided design software to complete large-scale circuit function design, logic synthesis, placement and routing, design
-
A novel cascaded multilevel boost converter fed multilevel inverter with reduced switch count Int. J. Electron. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2023-09-04 K. Jayasudha, S. Vijayalakshmi, M. Marimuthu
Novel cascaded multilevel converters fed multilevel inverter for the AC load is presented here. In an inverter, total harmonic distortion plays a vital role. With the aim of reducing the harmonic v...
-
A hybrid approach for enhancing the dynamic stability in power system Int. J. Electron. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2023-09-01 P. Balakrishnan, S. Gopinath
ABSTRACT This article proposes an optimal approach of improving the dynamic stability in power system by using hybrid method based power system-stabiliser. The proposed hybrid approach is an integration of Owl Search algorithm (OSA) and Improved Grey Wolf Optimizer (IGWO); hence, it is known as OSA-IGWO method. The objective of the proposed method is to enhance the power system’s dynamic stability
-
Design of a Novel Four-element Koch-Sierpinski fractal mmwave antenna for 5G applications Int. J. Electron. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2023-08-29 Jagadeesh Babu Kamili, Tathababu Addepalli, Bhaskara Rao Perli, Kiran Kumar Bandi, Younus Talha Mohammed
ABSTRACT The paper presents a novel fractal antenna in millimetre wavebands for 5 G applications involving the fusion of Koch and Sierpinski methods. A 4-element MIMO antenna is designed using the unique fractal structure. The proposed four-element MIMO antenna operates from 27.55 GHz to 28.6 GHz with resonant frequency at 28 GHz and the obtained mutual coupling between the MIMO elements is well below
-
Transformerless bidirectional switched-inductor switched-capacitor converter Int. J. Electron. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2023-08-31 G. Sivaraj, P. Karpagavalli
This research presents a unique bidirectional converter based on the active switched-inductor and switched-capacitor networks of the ASL-SU2C converter. The converter’s primary advantages are its h...
-
A High Boost Switched capacitor multilevel inverter with Reduced Components Int. J. Electron. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2023-08-22 Tapas Roy, Sitakant Debata, Pradip Kumar Sadhu
ABSTRACT Switched capacitor multilevel inverters (SCMLIs) became a popular DC-to-AC converter due to their unique features like self-capacitor voltage balancing and self-output voltage boosting abilities over conventional multilevel inverters in recent years. However, recently developed SCMLIs suffer from higher component counts, lower voltage boosting factors, higher total standing voltage, and the
-
A Multiband Slot antenna with Groundless EBG structure for Wearable WLAN/WiMAX Applications Int. J. Electron. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2023-08-21 Masum Imran Laskar, Banani Basu, Arnab Nandi
ABSTRACT A multiband microstrip antenna integrated with an electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) structure operating at WLAN and WiMAX frequencies is proposed for wearable applications. The antenna consists of a circular patch surrounded by the ground plane, separated by a ring slot. The size of the integrated antenna has been significantly reduced to0.28 λλ ×0.28 λλ and thickness of 0.024 λ . A single-layered