As the communication industry is hurtling towards greater bandwidth and higher data-rate to satisfy the ever-increasing data demand; terahertz range of frequencies from 100 GHz to 3 THz are being investigated as a possible replacement of the conventional mm-wave technology. In this review, we have put forward a detailed analysis of the applicability of this aforementioned THz range in different link

Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) is gaining attention but at the same time, road accidents, congestion, delays, etc. have also increased. Relative information about such events is vital. Such information can be presented in legal processes as digital proof. Availability of the information is not a problem as multidimensional data have been recorded all the time by ITS. Recording all the information

After careful consideration, we have revised the abstract to “Images are adopted as information hiding carries in recent years, which has brought challenges to multimedia forensics and security. In order to improve the feature selection speed while maintaining the detection accuracy and reducing the feature dimension, this paper proposes a fast feature selection method for detecting stego image with

Personal communication methods in underground coal mines are far less sophisticated and efficient than surface level communication techniques. This deficiency can be attributed to the generally unfavourable and hazardous environment prevailing underground which acts as a deterring factor for their development. However, effective and reliable communication between underground coal mines and the control

Dopingless Tunnel Field Effect Transistor is a prominent device because of its low sub-threshold swing and fast switching speed. In this paper, DL-TFET is investigated for enhancing the performance parameters by applying different engineering techniques. The hetero-junction is implemented in the DL-TFET for increasing the ION current. Further, for reducing the ambipolar current and enhancing the ON-characteristics

As an important branch of reversible data hiding, reversible data hiding in encrypted images (RDH-EI) can embed secret message into images, but also effectively protect the privacy of the images in an open environment. Most of the recently proposed RDH-EI methods are based on the public-key cryptosystem. However, the expansion rate of the public-key cryptosystem is too high to make the information

SILK, as an efficient speech codec, has been widely used in real-time interactive communication and can be a good carrier for hiding information. This paper proposes a secure steganographic scheme in SILK pitch domain based on speech signal correlation and statistical distribution of pitch lags. Considering that even minor modification of pitch lags will reduce time correlation of speech signal and

The performance of a sub-100-nm gate-length p-channel TFET-based biosensor (pTFET-BS) covering a wide range of protein-molecules is presented, and for the first time the optimized length-range of the nanogap cavity of the biosensor through the modeling of the presence of discrete number of biomolecules, followed by shift-saturation in corresponding transfer characteristics, is reported in this paper

The initialization problem of electromagnetic transient simulation is to calculate the steady-state solution of the differential equations describing the electromagnetic transients of power systems. Currently, the widely used initialization method in electromagnetic transient programs (EMTP) is the fixed-point iteration or the so-called EMTP-based approach where the steady-state periodic response is

Major efforts have been made to study the electromagnetic field (EMF) generated by a magnetic dipole (MD) inside the sea. The traditional techniques for these studies largely contain complicated analysis of Sommerfeld integrals (SIs) that hardly to solved strictly. To simply offer the physical explanation of the EMF radiation in planar multi-layered media, this study considers the electromagnetic fields

Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) is a popular low power wireless technology, used for short-range communication. In BLE networks, discovery process enables fast and energy-efficient communication, since all communications must involve it at the first step. For this reason, some studies have proposed novel discovery schemes to improve the performance of device discovery process. Nevertheless, literature report

Active learning (AL) is an emerging machine learning technique, which works with fewer labeled instances, thereby reducing labeling as well as learning cost. Various AL query strategies are available to identify the candidate query instances for achieving a generalized hypothesis. However, the AL query strategies sometimes produce redundant or overlapped instances as candidate instances, due to the

With the development of smartphones and mobile wireless network, social discovery applications are becoming more and more popular now. These applications help users to chat with nearby people and make friends. However, the location of a user could be exploited by attackers in some situations. This paper concentrates on the protection of location privacy in social discovery application. Firstly, we

The hyperspectral remote sensing images (HSIs) are acquired to encompass the essential information of land objects through contiguous narrow spectral wavelength bands. The classification accuracy is not often satisfactory in a cost-effective way using the entire original HSI for practical applications. To enhance the classification result of HSIs the band reduction strategies are applied which can

Nonlinear problems have drawn the attention of many researchers, engineers and scientists as most of the real systems are inherently nonlinear in nature. These systems widely exist in many industrial processes such as thermal process, fluid process, pH neutralization process, and so on. They can be customarily classified into lumped parameter systems (LPSs) and distributed parameter systems (DPSs)

(2020). What is in store in the January-February 2020 issue of IETE Technical Review? IETE Technical Review: Vol. 37, No. 1, pp. 1-2.

Separable reversible watermarking enables two encoders to separately embed a payload in a cover, and the original cover can be reconstructed by cooperation. It is required to limit the embedding distortion for the two encoders so that the marked content will not be seriously degraded, whereas both encoders expect to embed a sufficient payload. It motivates us to present a two-encoder game related to

Digital watermarking has various applications in which it plays an important role; these include document security and multimedia vendor copyrights. This paper presents an efficient watermarking technique called ‘modified selective embedding in low frequency’ (M-SELF) implementing a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) for frequency domain analysis where FFT shift brings down lower-frequency components to

The revolutionary microstrip technology for wireless communication suffers from relatively large size and low radiation efficiency when modeled for the current challenging hardware. An efficient solution to this subject is the quasi-lumped element (LE) approach. Therefore, this manuscript is a tutorial on the progress in quasi-LE resonator antennas, and it has been transcribed as an introduction or

TCAD-based numerical investigation of RingFET has been presented in this paper for the detection of gas molecules. Sensitivity of the device has been assessed by calculating the change in off-state current with the change in gate work-function (which changes due to the presence of gas molecule). The behavior of the device has also been compared with the equivalent bulk MOSFET and it was observed that

Social bots are computer software designed for content production and interaction with humans. With the popularity of images in social networks, social bots need to have visual awareness of image content while only understanding texts is far from enough to be active in social networks. We introduce a novel task, Visual Social Comment (VSC), in which social bots should generate relevant and informative

Internet of things (IoT) is getting bigger as communication infrastructure and device capabilities are getting improved day-by-day, creating a huge market for IoT devices for commercial as well as personal usage. This paper sheds light on the compromises done by vendors on the grounds of security, resources and flexibility to lure customers with low prices, smaller and fancier designs of IoT device

The NavIC is an Indian satellite based navigation system uses the L5 and S-band signals to provide 10 m (metres) and 0.1 m positioning accuracy services for civilian and military users respectively. The positioning accuracy of the NavIC system is affected by many sources of error, and the ionospheric delay (Ionodelay) error is the dominant error in all. We observed the NavIC L5 band Iono delay and

Rapid developments in the field of high-power, high-voltage applications have led to a tremendous increase in the popularity and utility of multilevel inverters. The requirement of reduced harmonics coupled with an ever-increasing demand for clean and renewable energy sources has led to a great interest in the multilevel inverter. This paper presents a novel architecture of a single-phase multilevel

Congested Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) band stifles the growth of Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN). The recent switchover from analog to digital TV (DTV) broadcast frees from the conventional TV bands a sizeable amount of spectrum, which is commonly called TV white space (TVWS). TVWS is very attractive to many wireless technologies, including WLAN. IEEE came up with 802.11af, the standard

This paper proposes a secure steganographic method in social networks based on the behavioral correlation between the sender and his friends. A sender transmits secret data to one of his friends in social network by marking “love” on the news published by his friends. To avoid behavioral abnormality, the sender lets the value of “love” marking probability on each news in proportion to the number of

Visible watermarking is one of the most direct and effective copyright protection methods for digital images and videos, but it faces the problems of easy detection of watermarking location and watermarking removal attacks. It requires that the visible watermarking not only can not affect visual quality of original digital products but also can resist accidental editing and malicious attacks. In this

Compressive sensing (CS) eases signal acquisition by relaxing the barrier of Nyquist rate. It randomly samples the signal at a rate proportional to the signal sparsity. This compresses the signal at the time of sensing. This superiority of CS is hindered by the complex reconstruction algorithms. The way-out is proposed by an advanced area of CS, in which signal processing is directly done on compressive

Continuous assessment of voltage stability is vital to ensure the secure operation of the power system. Based on this concern, a number of online voltage stability analysis methods have been proposed. Among these indices, the impedance match concept based on Thévenin equivalent has attracted a lot of interest. However, the traditional impedance match is reported not to perform as expected under multi-load

Wireless sensor network (WSN) physical layer (PHY) uses M-ary spread spectrum (MaSS). This paper explores MaSS and emphasizes that based on the implementation approach; the technology has the potential to provide security at the PHY of wireless devices. The MaSS parameters, namely, spreading sequences and symbol to sequence mapping logic, can be obfuscated for security implementation. In this paper

This work is concerned with the methodology for improvement of the radiation pattern performance and eliminating the effect of unwanted interference of symmetric time modulated linear antenna array (STMLAA) in the predefined direction. This is achieved using evolutionary technique called Novel Particle Swarm Optimization with Wavelet Mutation (NPSOWM) for various application specific optimization like

This paper examines the DC performance of Dual-Gate MISHEMT with different substrate material such as sapphire, silicon carbide SiC, and silicon. The performance parameters evaluated are threshold voltage, drain current, transconductance, and drain conductance. It is observed that DG-MISHEMT with the sapphire substrate and HfO2 gate dielectric results in positive threshold voltage shift from −4.7 to

Steganography deals with concealing of some messages via some media, which in digital domain is made over speech, image, or video. In the current generation, privacy-related matters are of concern to every individual that makes steganography to have an imperative role in real-world applications. Audio signals are used as covers more frequently as compared with the other cover signals; the reason being

Data hiding in the compression domain is a very common method. Nowadays, the images to be transferred are usually compressed first. Therefore, data hiding in the compression domain becomes more and more important. Joint-neighbor coding uses the pixel that wants to be compressed, and its nearby pixels are used to embed the secret information. Absolute Moment Block Truncation Coding (AMBTC) and the joint-neighbor

Replay attack is an attempt of using pre-recorded speech samples of any target for acquiring unauthorized access to the automatic speaker verification (ASV) system. It is a low technology spoofing attack, requires only a high-quality recording and playback device, therefore, is the most accessible and highly effective approach of spoofing state-of-the-art ASV systems. Of late, the researchers are giving

This work presents the evaluation of the downlink (DL) performance of a dual-layer cellular networks by using energy efficiency (EE) metric, where femto base stations (FBSs), macro base stations (MBSs) and users (FUs) form independent spatial Poisson point processes (PPPs). The proposed network model is developed by considering number of antennas at each BS alongside a single antenna at each user with

In this paper, we investigate an enhanced form of spatial modulation, in the form of quadrature spatial modulation (QSM). The existing analytical error performance of QSM does not agree well with Monte Carlo simulation results in the low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) region. Hence, the first contribution of the paper is to formulate a new analytical bound on error performance, which improves on the validation

In 1970, when the bell system demonstrated the charge-coupled devices (CCD), it was not known at the time that it would revolutionize the imaging. The ability of CCD to integrate and shift the charge with precise control had made it most selected choice for military, space, medical imaging as well as industrial applications. After revolution in CMOS imaging technology in early 90s, people were able

In a competitive electricity power market, reactive power planning (RPP) is a pivotal matter for the power system researchers from operational and economical view points. RPP is concerned with the installation or removal of reactive power equipment in power system. This article proposes an effective way to find out the optimal parameter settings related to the system active power loss as well as operational

This paper reviews the AlGaN/GaN HEMT devices with electric field modulation effects and proposes a uniform two-dimensional model of this type of devices. The surface electric field can be optimized to improve the breakdown voltage by the electric field modulation based on changing the charge distribution inside the device. And four AlGaN/GaN HEMTs with electric field modulation effects have been discussed:

MIMO RADAR system is efficacious in forming the desired beampattern by using transmit waveform design methodology. In this work, a distinctive approach is carried out to design null-steered transmit beamforming through discrete polyphase-coded waveforms. These waveforms are optimized and analysed in space domain and also checked for orthogonality in time domain. The cost function is inducted in order

Electric drive without electrical and mechanical sensors is the critical obligation in most of the industrial applications due to its user-friendly hardware, lower maintenance, low cost, more reliability, etc. To replace the sensors, a number of schemes are employed, which extract the sensored data from the known parameters by using the machine model and/or its mechanical structure. In the past few

This article presents a methodology to find out a suitable ocean wave energy converter (OWEC) device for Indian coastal region. A comprehensive literature survey of all the existing OWEC devices is done and thereafter, 13 OWEC devices are shortlisted on the basis of Indian coastal wave power flux density. A systematic approach is used to predict unknown quantities such as: total annual cost per MW

Automation of the distribution system may be an essential requirement in the smart grid architecture. In this paper, the architecture of the distribution system has been proposed, where Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) has been placed at the main substation receiving supply from the grid through the incoming feeder, as well as at all distribution transformers (DTs). PMU installed at the main substation

Seasonal dynamics of snow cover is an essential area of research for hydrological modelling and water resource management. With the increased availability of remote sensing data, the timely information of the spatiotemporal distribution of snow cover is feasible at regular intervals. The primary objective of this study is to assess the effect of pansharpening in the accuracy of snow cover change detection

In this paper, a soft computing based scheme is proposed for the model order reduction of single input-single output commensurate fractional-order (FO) systems. The fractional-order system is first converted into an integer order (IO) system. The reduced order model of the corresponding integer order system is then determined via big bang – big crunch (BBBC) optimization algorithm. Finally, the reduced

A power factor corrected (PFC) Canonical Switching Cell (CSC) converter is proposed for low power consumer light-emitting diode (LED) lighting applications. The proposed CSC converter is intended to operate in discontinuous inductor current mode (DICM) to realize improved power quality performance. In low power consumer lighting applications, the CSC converter is more suitable due to its many benefits

This article proposes a novel outlier detection algorithm called Relative Kernel Density-based Outlier Score (RKDOS) to detect local outliers. The proposed algorithm uses a weighted kernel density estimation (WKDE) method with an adaptive kernel width for density estimation at the location of an object based on its extended nearest neighbors. For density estimation, we consider both Reverse Nearest

The wind generation system shares a significant portion of power to the grid, hence, it is necessary for the wind systems to remain coupled to the grid under any circumstances. Earlier wind systems were permissible to detach under any disorders and protection issues. Nonetheless, the disconnection of the wind system affects the stability of the entire grid. In order to overcome those issues, some ride-through

It’s a challenging task to recognize facial expression in video sequences due to the gap between the hand-crafted features and the subjective emotions. To bridge the gap, this paper proposes a novel method of video-based facial expression recognition using deep temporal–spatial networks. The proposed method firstly employs multimodal deep convolutional neural networks (CNN), including the spatial CNN

In this work, performance of Double Gate Gaussian Doped Negative Capacitance Junctionless Transistor (DGGDNCJLT) has been studied for temperature range 200–500 K to explore the suitability of the device for applications which demand operation at extended temperature range. The device behavior has been studied by using temperature dependent Landau parameters of ferroelectric material doped hafnium oxide

With scaling, existing charge-based memory technologies exhibit limitations due to charge leaking away easily in a smaller device. Therefore, non-charge based memory technologies such as Resistive Random Access Memory (RRAM) become promising for future applications. RRAM is not only more scalable, but is typically faster and consumes less power than the existing memory technologies. However, RRAM suffers

In this paper, a simple design of a short-range non-inductive capacitance-type level sensor which is developed for closed tanks (like fuel tanks of vehicles) is proposed. The level sensor is analytically and experimentally verified for measuring the level of non-conducting liquids. Second-generation current conveyor (CCII) based interface circuit is used to measure the capacitance of the level sensor

Object tracking is being utilized in the field of computer vision over decades for video surveillance, human–computer interaction and robotic applications. Even though the state-of-the-art tracking technology is rapidly growing, few issues are still challenging such as illumination variation, pose variation, scale changes, occlusion, etc. Among these challenges, sudden illumination variation is more

This paper presents a game-theoretic scheme with anti-coordinated players by incorporating adaptation of femto base station (FBS) transmit power, attenuation of interference and utility function for open access mode and closed access mode, respectively. The deployment of femtocells in the networks is to produce improved energy efficiency (EE) and optimized response of payoff function. Additionally

This paper presents a novel approach of spectral feature selection using spatial filters for the classification of four cognitive imagery tasks. The input dataset consists of electroencephalogram (EEG) signals acquired through a commercial wireless headset. The spectral features included mel frequency (MF) components extracted from the low frequency bands of EEG signal. A spatial projection filter

The demand for cloud computing infrastructure is increasing day by day to meet the requirement of small and medium enterprises. The data center-centric cloud technology has a high share of energy consumption from the IT-industry. The amount of energy consumption in a data center depends on the allocation of user service requests to virtual machines running on the different host. Minimization of energy

In a cloud robotics system, communication between robots and between robots and the cloud are crucial from the application prospective. Due to the nature of the network technology (predominantly wireless) and nature of the network devices, direct communication between robots and between robots and the cloud is not feasible. Multi-hop communication is the only feasible solution in such scenarios. In

This article examines the triple-band rectangular dielectric resonator antenna (RDRA) excited with novel composite feeding structure (combination of inverted H-shaped monopole and vertical strip). Three attractive features of proposed design are as follows: (i) composite feeding structure creates dual higher order modes in RDRA (i.e., TEδ,2,1 x and  TEδ,4,1x); (ii) triple-band characteristic is achieved

Speckle noise is a principal and unavoidable source of visual degradation in several real world images obtained from coherent imaging systems such as ultrasound, SAR, and laser. Over the last few decades, several mathematical models have been used to study despeckling and have influenced policy. This paper review and compare the partial differential equation-based non-linear diffusion models for despeckling