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Fluid Antenna System for 6G: When Bruce Lee Inspires Wireless Communications Electron. Lett. (IF 1.316) Pub Date : 2020-12-01 Kai-Kit Wong; Kin-Fai Tong; Yangyang Zhang; Zheng Zhongbin
Since its inception, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) has become a magical technology that continues to break new grounds and deliver the needed upgrades in mobile communications. The emerging 5G systems are also being labelled by many as the massive MIMO generation. This somewhat oversimplified view is perhaps a reflection of the great impact MIMO has had on our generation of mobile communication
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Low-profile and low-cost transmitarray antenna at 122 GHz based on unit-cells with 1-bit phase resolution Electron. Lett. (IF 1.316) Pub Date : 2020-12-01 M. Frank; F. Lurz; R. Weigel; A. Koelpin
This Letter presents the design of a low-profile and low-cost transmitarray antenna operating at 122 GHz. The transmitarray design is based on unit-cells with 1-bit phase resolution. A single RO4350B substrate layer is used to form the unit-cells resulting in a total thickness of 0.326 mm. A wideband shift in the transmission phase of is generated by rotating one metal layer of the unit-cell by . The
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Topside radio frequency system consolidation with Gregorian parabolic antenna stacking Electron. Lett. (IF 1.316) Pub Date : 2020-12-01 C. Sugama; V. Chandrasekar
Shipboard platforms have numerous antennas crowding topside space. Consolidating these antennas would require having antennas with multi-frequency capabilities. A Gregorian parabolic stacked antenna provides multi-frequency capabilities on a single pedestal which reduces the number of antennas required on a US Navy shipboard platforms. This Letter depicts the simulated design and radiation pattern
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Web-based efficient dual attention networks to detect COVID-19 from X-ray images Electron. Lett. (IF 1.316) Pub Date : 2020-12-01 Md. Mostafa Kamal Sarker; Yasmine Makhlouf; Syeda Furruka Banu; Sylvie Chambon; Petia Radeva; Domenec Puig
Rapid and accurate detection of COVID-19 is a crucial step to control the virus. For this purpose, the authors designed a web-based COVID-19 detector using efficient dual attention networks, called ‘EDANet’. The EDANet architecture is based on inverted residual structures to reduce the model complexity and dual attention mechanism with position and channel attention blocks to enhance the discriminant
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58 GHz CMOS VCO with 16% efficiency Electron. Lett. (IF 1.316) Pub Date : 2020-12-01 Z. Tibenszky; C. Carta; F. Ellinger
This Letter presents a millimetre-wave CMOS oscillator, which achieves 4.9 dBm output power with 16% peak power efficiency. A phase noise of at 1 MHz offset frequency and 26.7% tuning range around 57.5 GHz centre frequency were verified experimentally. To the best knowledge of the authors, the output power, efficiency, and phase noise performance are the best among fundamental CMOS oscillators in the
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Efficiency-enhanced and high-precision of input common-mode feedback control using OSA–CLS technique Electron. Lett. (IF 1.316) Pub Date : 2020-12-01 Yu-Heng Wang; Xin-Quan Lai; Qin-Qin Li; Kashif Habib
Efficiency-enhanced and high-precision input common-mode feedback control (ICMFB) is proposed for a fully differential readout circuit of the MEMS capacitive sensor. This ICMFB improves the efficiency and performance of input common-mode voltage control using a smaller feedback capacitor. The noise performance of the readout circuit is improved as a decrease of a feedback capacitor. The correlated
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Image sensor for spectral-domain optical coherence tomography on a chip Electron. Lett. (IF 1.316) Pub Date : 2020-12-01 M. Vlaskovic; H. Zimmermann; G. Meinhardt; J. Kraft
This Letter presents a global shutter image sensor based on PIN photodiodes intended to be used for optical coherence tomography (OCT) in the spectral domain, where the light is brought to the photodiodes via optical waveguides monolithically integrated on top of electronics in a photonic layer. Photodiodes are optimised to have the peak responsivity in the wavelength range between 800 and 900 nm,
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ABiFN: Attention-based bi-modal fusion network for object detection at night time Electron. Lett. (IF 1.316) Pub Date : 2020-12-01 A. Sai Charan; M. Jitesh; M. Chowdhury; H. Venkataraman
Camera-based object detection in low-light/night-time conditions is a fundamental problem because of insufficient lighting. So far, a mid-level fusion of RGB and thermal images is done to complement each other's features. In this work, an attention-based bi-modal fusion network is proposed for a better object detection in the thermal domain by integrating a channel-wise attention module. The experimental
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BitMix: data augmentation for image steganalysis Electron. Lett. (IF 1.316) Pub Date : 2020-12-01 I.-J. Yu; W. Ahn; S.-H. Nam; H.-K. Lee
Convolutional neural networks for image steganalysis demonstrate better performances with employing concepts from high-level vision tasks. The major employed concept is to use data augmentation to avoid overfitting due to limited data. To augment data without damaging the message embedding, only rotating multiples of or horizontally flipping are used in steganalysis, which generates eight fixed results
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DIBR-synthesised video quality assessment by measuring geometric distortion and spatiotemporal inconsistency Electron. Lett. (IF 1.316) Pub Date : 2020-12-01 Yipo Huang; Yu Zhou; Bo Hu; Shishun Tian; Jiebin Yan
Depth-image-based rendering (DIBR), as the most popular view synthesis method, is commonly used in the application of multi-view and free-viewpoint videos. However, the quality evaluation of DIBR-synthesised videos remains largely unexplored, which may hinder the development of more advanced view synthesis technology. With this motivation, this Letter presents a new quality metric for DIBR-synthesised
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Online identification of time-varying delay systems under relaxed input conditions Electron. Lett. (IF 1.316) Pub Date : 2020-12-01 Yifei Hu; Jinbo Wu; Chenghao Zeng
Identification of time delay is a prerequisite for the realisation of control compensation. The existing researches generally assume that the system input should be monotonic, which is unsuitable for online identification due to system saturation. To solve this problem, relaxed input conditions are developed in this Letter. Then a modified least-square algorithm with forgetting factors, which has a
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Spiking neural P ant optimisation: a novel approach for ant colony optimisation Electron. Lett. (IF 1.316) Pub Date : 2020-12-01 R. Ramachandranpillai; M. Arock
This Letter introduces an optimisation method that is based on parallelism to simulate the behaviour of foraging ants using spiking neural P (SN P) systems. The proposed method is designed by collaborating several SN P systems to obtain a polynomial time optimal solution. The complexity and reliability of the method have been verified. A theoretical analysis has been performed on the measures of complexity
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Ferrite-based room temperature negative temperature coefficient printed thermistors Electron. Lett. (IF 1.316) Pub Date : 2020-12-01 J.R. McGhee; J.S. Sagu; D.J. Southee; P.S.A. Evans; K.G.U. Wijayantha
Two screen printing inks were developed for the low-temperature fabrication of printed and flexible thick film negative temperature coefficient thermistors able to operate at room temperature. The first of the two screen printing inks developed utilised cobalt ferrite (CoFe 2 O 4 ) as the temperature sensing material with the second ink incorporating manganese ferrite (MnFe 2 O 4 ). These were then
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Sub-nanoampere-sensitivity current comparatorbased temperature sensor with bucket searching algorithm Electron. Lett. (IF 1.316) Pub Date : 2020-12-01 Peiyong Zhang; Hangyi Lu
This Letter presents a new real-time and compact current-mode temperature sensor for system-on-chip thermal monitoring. The proposed temperature sensor provides a low-cost readout scheme that utilises a current switching comparator and dual-control bucket searching algorithm. It does not require an ADC or charged capacitor with large area and power dissipation. The dynamic element matching and threshold-setting
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Low-local-oscillator-power sub-harmonic mixing in 300-GHz band by Fermi-level managed barrier diode Electron. Lett. (IF 1.316) Pub Date : 2020-12-01 H. Ito; T. Ishibashi
An anti-parallel (AP) diode pair based on a Fermi-level managed barrier (FMB) diode was developed for the sub-harmonic mixing of terahertz waves. A quasi-optical module integrating an AP–FMB diode pair and a trans-impedance amplifier exhibited a very low noise-equivalent-power of 9 × 10 −19 W/Hz at an input signal frequency of 304 GHz with a very low local oscillator power of 30 μW.
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Miniaturised multi-channel millimetre wave filter bank Electron. Lett. (IF 1.316) Pub Date : 2020-12-01 Yifan Wang; Zhengbo Jiang
This Letter presents a miniaturised multi-channel millimetre-wave filter bank implemented by stripline and substrate integrated waveguide (SIW). Since the orthogonal transverse electric mode and transverse electromagnetic mode can coexist in the same hybrid structure cavity and be transmitted almost without mutual interference, embedding stripline into SIW to miniaturise the size of the filter bank
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Frequency-domain versus time-domain imaging for photonics-based broadband radar Electron. Lett. (IF 1.316) Pub Date : 2020-12-01 Guanqun Sun; Fangzheng Zhang; Shilong Pan; Xingwei Ye
Photonics-based radar enables a large operation bandwidth that is particularly favourable for high-resolution synthetic aperture imaging. However, how to implement fast and high-accuracy imaging with photonics-based broadband radar is still an open question. In this Letter, the performance of photonics-based inverse synthetic aperture radar imaging with frequency-domain and time-domain algorithms are
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Robust real-time kinematic positioning method based on NLOS detection and multipath elimination in GNSS challenged environments Electron. Lett. (IF 1.316) Pub Date : 2020-12-01 Xiaozhou Ye; Chunjiang Ma; Wenxiang Liu; Feixue Wang
Owing to the existence of non-line-of-sight (NLOS) signals in global navigation satellite system (GNSS) challenged environment, the real-time kinematic (RTK) position precision is seriously damaged. In order to improve the position accuracy, the authors propose a robust positioning method which tackles this problem by detecting the NLOS through a decision tree and estimating the double-differenced
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Flexible CMOS chip converted by a novel chip transformation process Electron. Lett. (IF 1.316) Pub Date : 2020-12-01 J. Lai; S. T. Chandrasekaran; A. Sanyal; J.-H. Seo
In this Letter, the authors report a flexible CMOS chip converted by a novel chip transformation process. To realise a truly flexible CMOS chip, a two-step etching process was employed in the transformation process: (i) vapour etching to remove inter-dielectric layers followed by polymer encapsulation and (ii) plasma etching to remove the substrate of the chip. The I–V results measured after the chip
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Snapback-free reverse conducting IGBT with p-float and n-ring surrounding trench-collector Electron. Lett. (IF 1.316) Pub Date : 2020-12-01 Jie Li; Mingmin Huang; Chang Chen; Zhimei Yang; Yao Ma; Min Gong
A reverse conducting (RC) insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) with p-float and n-ring surrounding trench-collector is proposed. The p-floats surrounding sidewalls of trench-collectors suppress snapback and also avoid snapback when there are semiconductor/trench-collector interface charges ( Q f ). The n-rings surrounding the top of the trench-collectors speed up the forward recovery and ensure
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Bias-compensated FX-LMS algorithm Electron. Lett. (IF 1.316) Pub Date : 2020-12-01 L.P.R. da Silva; J.V.G. de Souza; J. Colares; A.A. de Lima; D.B. Haddad
Active noise control is an expanding field that requires a suitable synthesis of secondary perturbations. Unfortunately, most schemes for noise cancelling do not take into account that the input signal that drives the adaptive filter can be noisy. In this Letter, it is theoretically shown that noise perturbations in the excitation data degrade the performance of the standard filtered-x least mean squares
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New approach to model-order selection Electron. Lett. (IF 1.316) Pub Date : 2020-12-01 R. Doraiswami; L. Cheded
A new, direct and practical scheme is proposed for determining the model orders of a system, its signal and disturbance using key properties of Kalman filter (KF). Unlike conventional methods, it enjoys the unique property of being both necessary and sufficient. The system is described by the Box–Jenkins model, whose accessible input and output are corrupted by unknown zero-mean white Gaussian-distributed
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New set of binary near complementary sequences with low peak-to-average power ratio Electron. Lett. (IF 1.316) Pub Date : 2020-12-01 Z.X. Zhang
In this Letter, based on certain binary Golay complementary pairs and deletion function, a new construction of binary near complementary sequences with low peak-to-average power ratio is proposed. The length of these sequences takes the form (where a , b and c are non-negative integers) and has not been reported before.
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Sliding beamforming for target detection in the presence of a strong jamming Electron. Lett. (IF 1.316) Pub Date : 2020-12-01 Linna Li; Jin He
In this Letter, a new beamforming technique called sliding beamforming is proposed for target detection when a strong jamming signal is present. The basic philosophy of the sliding beamforming is to repeat an antenna-pair beamformer in a sliding manner across the array to completely eliminate the jamming signal while preserving the gain of the array. For uniform linear antenna arrays, only a single
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Rotated DFT-s-OFDM for transmitting PAPR-minimised BPSK symbols Electron. Lett. (IF 1.316) Pub Date : 2020-12-01 L. Cho; W. Huang; C.-Y. Hsu
The third generation partnership project has recommended π /2-binary phase-shift keying (BPSK) in discrete-Fourier-transform-spread orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DFT-s-OFDM) for low peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) uplink transmission. Recently, the rotation angle of 7 π /6 for rotated BPSK has been proposed by J. Kim et al. to achieve optimal PAPR performance. However, the authors
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Low-profile dual-polarised metasurface-enabled antenna array for base-station applications Electron. Lett. (IF 1.316) Pub Date : 2020-11-03 Shuang Ji; Changrong Liu; Xueguan Liu; Xinmi Yang
This Letter presents a dual linearly polarised microstrip antenna for base station applications. Firstly, a dual-polarised metasurface-based antenna element employing differential feeding technology is proposed. The proposed antenna element achieves a simulated bandwidth of 11.6% for | S 11 | < −15 dB, mutual coupling better than 30 dB, and the cross-polarisation discrimination level over 35 dB. Secondly
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Compact wideband SIW cavity-backed slot antenna using triple resonance and hybrid mode Electron. Lett. (IF 1.316) Pub Date : 2020-11-03 Le Kang; Mei Wang; Ping Zhang; Jin Zhu Zhou
A compact and wideband slot antenna backed by a square substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) cavity is presented. By exciting the dual-slotted SIW cavity with an offset coaxial feed, a transverse electric (TE) 110 resonant mode along with two hybrid modes as combinations of TE 110 and TE 120 resonances can be generated within a close range. The triple resonances contribute to producing a wideband response
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Spike-driven gated recurrent neural network processor for electrocardiogram arrhythmias detection realised in 55-nm CMOS technology Electron. Lett. (IF 1.316) Pub Date : 2020-11-03 Yuancong Wu; Y.H. Liu; Shuang Liu; Q. Yu; T.P. Chen; Y. Liu
In this Letter, an asynchronous spike-driven processor based on gated recurrent neural network algorithm for electrocardiogram (ECG) cardiac arrhythmias detection has been designed. Based on the processor, the proposed ECG detection model, containing a many-to-many gated recurrent unit layer and a fully connected layer, can achieve a high classification overall accuracy of 97.8% using the MIT-BIH arrhythmia
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Improved multiscale local phase quantisation histogram for the recognition of blurred dorsal hand vein images Electron. Lett. (IF 1.316) Pub Date : 2020-11-03 Fu Liu; Shoukun Jiang; Bing Kang; Tao Hou
Vein texture elements in images are sometimes degraded due to centrally symmetric blur, e.g. due to motion of hand or camera not being in focus, which significantly affects recognition systems performance. Multiscale local phase quantisation (MLPQ) can effectively improve system accuracy in the presence of blur by dividing vein images into non-overlapping blocks and extracting multiscale local phase
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Weakly supervised retinal vessel segmentation algorithm without groundtruth Electron. Lett. (IF 1.316) Pub Date : 2020-11-03 Zheng Lu; Dali Chen; Dingyu Xue
In the current image processing field, medical image segmentation needs a lot of groundtruths, and the process of making these groundtruths is time-consuming and laborious. Thus, a novel retinal vessel segmentation algorithm without groundtruth is proposed in this Letter. The hierarchical clustering algorithm is first used to binary classify vessel and non-vessel pixels. Then classification results
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0.67-μm2/bitcell two-transistor leakage-based physically unclonable function with native bit-instability of 0.89% at 65 nm Electron. Lett. (IF 1.316) Pub Date : 2020-11-03 Gang Li; Pengjun Wang; Xuejiao Ma; Bo Chen
A compact and robust physically unclonable function (PUF) for secure key generation is proposed. With the help of a cross-coupled amplifier, the leakage-current mismatch between the two transistors was digitised to produce a unique chip identification. The measurement results show that the proposed PUF has the best-in-class randomness and uniqueness, as well as the following features: (i) an ultra-small
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Pipelined extended-counting ${\bf I\Delta \Sigma}$IΔΣ for 3D-stacked CMOS image sensors Electron. Lett. (IF 1.316) Pub Date : 2020-11-03 N. Callens; J. Lefebvre; G. Gielen
A novel multi-stage pipelined extended-counting (EC) for 3D-stacked CMOS image sensors is presented, which combines the benefits of a pipelined ADC, a first-order ADC and the EC principle in order to simultaneously achieve a high resolution and a high frame rate for 3D-stacked imagers. By assigning each stage of the pipeline to a sub-column of pixels while choosing another input stage of the pipeline
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Efficient sharpening CIC filter embedding fifth-order filter with coefficient optimisation algorithm Electron. Lett. (IF 1.316) Pub Date : 2020-11-03 Lin Zhibin; Gao Bo; Yin Ruotong; Gong Min
This Letter presents an optimised cascaded integrator comb (CIC) filter sharpening algorithm embedding a fifth-order finite impulse response filter, which improves the worst-case alias rejection and simultaneously compensates the passband droop. The sharpening filter is designed without multipliers, which reduces hardware complexity. The results of a fourth-order CIC filter design practice show that
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High-performance and single event double-upset-immune latch design Electron. Lett. (IF 1.316) Pub Date : 2020-11-03 Haineng Zhang; Zhongyang Liu; Jianwei Jiang; Jun Xiao; Zhengxuan Zhang; Shichang Zou
This Letter proposes a single event double-upset (SEDU)-fully-tolerant latch, referred to as FBSET, mainly featuring four interlocked branch circuits implemented by stacking three PMOS and one NMOS transistors or three NMOS and one PMOS transistors to achieve low power dissipation. The latch exhibits up to 84.56% area-power-delay product saving compared with recently reported latches. Simulation results
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Step-controllable RF MEMS tunable capacitor with ultra-wide tuning range using netted metal membrane Electron. Lett. (IF 1.316) Pub Date : 2020-11-03 H. Cho; J. Kim; J.Y. Park
In this Letter, step-controllable radio frequency (RF) micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) tunable capacitor with ultra-wide tuning range using netted membrane structure has newly proposed, fabricated, and characterised for highly miniaturised and reconfigurable RF devices and systems applications. The proposed tunable capacitor could step-wise increase the capacitance by introducing a few slits
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Weakly supervised classification model for zero-shot semantic segmentation Electron. Lett. (IF 1.316) Pub Date : 2020-11-03 Fengli Shen; Zong-Hui Wang; Zhe-Ming Lu
As one of the most fundamental tasks in computer vision, semantic segmentation assigns per pixel prediction of object categories. Training a robust model for semantic segmentation is challenging since pixel-level annotations are expensive to obtain. To alleviate the burden of annotations, the authors propose a weakly-supervised framework for zero-shot semantic segmentation, which can segment images
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Delay analysis in the discrete-time multi-server queue with batch arrivals of packets having deterministic length Electron. Lett. (IF 1.316) Pub Date : 2020-11-03 S. Lee; B. Kim; J. Kang
This work considers a discrete-time multi-server queue with batch arrivals of packets having a deterministic length. By a novel analysis, the packet delay distribution is computed with a very light computational workload.
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Secrecy outage probability analysis for RIS-assisted NOMA systems Electron. Lett. (IF 1.316) Pub Date : 2020-11-03 Liang Yang; Yongjie Yuan
In this Letter, the physical layer security for a novel reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-assisted non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) system in a multi-user scenario is investigated, where the authors consider the worst case that the eavesdropper also utilises the advantage of the RISs. More specifically, they derive analytical results for the secrecy outage probability (SOP). From the numerical
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Balanced-to-unbalanced filtering magic-T based on circular patch resonator with high selectivity Electron. Lett. (IF 1.316) Pub Date : 2020-11-03 Fei Jiao; Qi Zhang; Qiyun Zhang; Xiang Gao; Shuokun Ma; Wanchun Tang
This Letter presents a new design of balanced-to-unbalanced (B2U) filtering magic-T based on circular patch resonator. Without additional circuit, the prescribed in-phase and out-of-phase specifications of the magic-T are achieved by elaborately studying and exploring the electric field distributions of the degenerate resonant modes in the circular patch resonators. Meanwhile, the desired filtering
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Dual-band filter based on one single circular patch resonator with highly improved bandwidths and compact size Electron. Lett. (IF 1.316) Pub Date : 2020-11-03 Shicheng Liu; Xuedao Wang; Hanqian Zhang; Kezhuo Zhang; Zeyu Ding; Gang Zhang; Jiquan Yang
In this Letter, a new design of dual-band patch filter is proposed with greatly improved bandwidth and miniaturised size based on one single modified circular patch resonator. In this design, a metallic via is introduced in the centre region of the patch to develop the modified resonant TM 01 mode (TM′ 01 mode), while two types of slot perturbations are adopted to separate a pair of degenerate modes
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Lateral confinement of high-impedance surface-waves through reinforcement learning Electron. Lett. (IF 1.316) Pub Date : 2020-11-03 M.E. Morocho-Cayamcela; W. Lim
The authors present a model-free policy-based reinforcement learning model that introduces perturbations on the pattern of a metasurface. The objective is to learn a policy that changes the size of the patches, and therefore the impedance in the sides of an artificially structured material. The proposed iterative model assigns the highest reward when the patch sizes allow the transmission along a constrained
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Broadband metasurface design for terahertz quantum-cascade VECSEL Electron. Lett. (IF 1.316) Pub Date : 2020-11-03 C.A. Curwen; J.L. Reno; B.S. Williams
A broadband active metasurface is designed around quantum-cascade (QC) gain material for use in a broadband tunable QC vertical external-cavity surface-emitting laser (VECSEL). The metasurface is based on a unit cell containing two resonant waveguide elements that couple with the periodicity of the metasurface to produce a multi-resonant reflection spectrum. Simulated reflectance spectra exhibit full-width
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Single-stage PFC bridgeless converter Electron. Lett. (IF 1.316) Pub Date : 2020-11-03 Z.P. Fonseca; C.B. Nascimento; A.A. Badin
A power factor correction (PFC) charge-pump (CP) bridgeless converter for LEDs is presented. In the input stage, coupled inductors, together with CP capacitors, are integrated into a half-bridge inverter, thus characterising the single stage. This topology even being bridgeless due to the positioning of the load operates with a bus voltage below the bending voltage. The CP configuration is used to
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Target trajectory estimation by unambiguous phase differences from a single fixed passive sensor Electron. Lett. (IF 1.316) Pub Date : 2020-11-03 Jinlong Ren; Guohua Wei; Jiahao Bai; Xiaojie Bao; Xu Wang
In this Letter, considering the configuration of small antenna array aperture used for special usage, the authors proposed a target trajectory estimation method by unambiguous phase differences with prior knowledge on target velocity from a single fixed passive sensor. First, they developed the maximum likelihood estimator of the target trajectory parameters based on unambiguous phase differences and
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Reliability enhanced SiC MOSFET with partially widened retrograde P-well structure Electron. Lett. (IF 1.316) Pub Date : 2020-11-03 Jiawei Liu; Jiang Lu; Xiaoli Tian; Hong Chen; Yun Bai; Xinyu Liu
In this Letter, a 1.2 kV SiC power MOSFET with a partially widened retrograde P-well (RP) structure and N -implanting region is proposed to enhance the device's reliability. Compared with the conventional SiC power MOSFET, the short circuit (SC) ability of the proposed structure can be improved effectively without sacrificing other performance. Simulation results reveal that a 40% reduction of the
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Effects of low-temperature thermal annealing on interface characteristics in IZO/IGZO dual-channel thin-film transistors Electron. Lett. (IF 1.316) Pub Date : 2020-11-03 H.-S. Choi
Dual-channel thin-film transistors (TFTs) show excellent effective mobility ( μ eff ) and reliability, including negative-bias-illumination stability. To enhance the performance of these devices, post-thermal annealing in air is performed for 2 h at the low temperature of 250°C. To investigate the effects of low-temperature thermal annealing, indium–zinc-oxide/gallium–indium–zinc-oxide (IZO/IGZO) dual-channel
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k-Sparse extreme learning machine Electron. Lett. (IF 1.316) Pub Date : 2020-11-03 N. Raza; M. Tahir; K. Ali
Extreme learning machine (ELM) is a single layer feed-forward neural network with advantages of fast training and good generalization properties. However, when the size of the hidden layer is increased, both of these advantages are lost as the redundant information may cause overfitting. Traditional way to deal with the issue is to introduce regularisation which promote sparsity but in the output layer
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Time-of-arrival estimation for smartphones based on built-in microphone sensor Electron. Lett. (IF 1.316) Pub Date : 2020-11-03 Zuo-Ya Liu; Rui-Zhi Chen; Feng Ye; Guang-Yi Guo; Zheng Li; Long Qian
The time-of-arrival (TOA) estimation method is an important ranging and positioning technology for indoor localisation and navigation. In this Letter, a novel TOA estimation method for smartphones based on a built-in microphone sensor is proposed, which utilises the propagation delay between optical and acoustic signals to achieve distance estimation. Unlike other TOA estimation technologies based
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Finding optimal transmission strategy for intra-WBAN communications Electron. Lett. (IF 1.316) Pub Date : 2020-11-03 M. Roy; C. Chowdhury; S. Bhattacharyya; N. Aslam
This Letter proposes a stochastic model of the wearable sensor nodes of a wireless body area network (WBAN) based on Markov decision process (MDP). The proposed technique tackles the problem of maximising the likelihood of data transmission while minimising the computational cost and energy. Suitable transmission strategies subject to the energy level of the nodes and channel conditions are needed
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BaSrTiO3 ceramic-polymer composite material lens antennas at 220–330 GHz telecommunication applications Electron. Lett. (IF 1.316) Pub Date : 2020-10-28 S. Myllymäki; M. Teirikangas; M. Kokkonen
Ceramic (Ba 0.55 Sr 0.45 Ti 1.01 O 3 ) – polypropylene polymer ER182 composites-based materials were applied for sub-THz range antenna lens application in telecommunications. Typical plano-convex -shaped lenses were simulated and measured with a standard rectangular waveguide at 220–330 GHz frequency band and applied on 150 mm on-air distance. The lens fabricated with ER182 polymer material increased
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Efficient solution of Noye–Hayman implicit finite-difference method for modelling wave propagation in tunnels Electron. Lett. (IF 1.316) Pub Date : 2020-10-28 H.F. Rasool; M.A. Qureshi; A. Aziz; F.H. Malik
Parabolic equation models discretised with the finite-difference method have been a research topic for a long time. Through the simulation of electromagnetic wave propagation characteristics in typical scenarios, it is pointed out that the fast algorithm needs to be developed for the solution of two-level Noye–Hayman (NH2) implicit method to meet the accuracy and computational requirements of electromagnetic
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Robust heart rate estimation from mobile face videos using an auto-encoder Electron. Lett. (IF 1.316) Pub Date : 2020-10-28 J.-P. Lomaliza; H. Park
Providing an easy-to-use and non-invasive heart rate estimation system for home healthcare is imperative for detecting health deterioration in the early stages and for providing preventive treatments. To this end, we propose a ballistocardiographic method that estimates heart rate by analysing face videos and exploiting cyclic head motions caused by blood pumping through the carotid arteries during
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Design of filtering impedance transformer with high impedance ratio Electron. Lett. (IF 1.316) Pub Date : 2020-10-28 Tianxin Yu; Xin Guo; Wen Wu
A kind of impedance transformer with high impedance ratio based on tapped coupled-resonator filter theory is proposed. Differently with the published ones, the proposed filtering transformer incrementally takes impedance property of the filter into consideration. Thus, the high impedance ratio can be achieved. By proper design of impedance and type of resonator, two prototypes with impedance ratios
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Gate leakage compensation technique for self-cascode based voltage references Electron. Lett. (IF 1.316) Pub Date : 2020-10-28 F. Olivera; A. Petraglia
This communication describes a gate leakage compensation technique to ensure wide-temperature operation and wide-supply regulation of traditional self-cascode based voltage references in deep nanometre nodes ( ). Extensive simulations in 28 nm ultra-thin buried oxide fully depleted silicon-on-insulator CMOS process show that the proposed 4-transistor topology can operate down to 0.2 V, generating a
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Electromagnetic modelling of an active integrated antenna array using MoM-GEC method in conjunction with genetic algorithms for 5G beam synthesis applications Electron. Lett. (IF 1.316) Pub Date : 2020-10-28 T. Soltani; I. Soltani; T. Aguili
This Letter presents an electromagnetic modelling of an active integrated antenna array for 5G mobile communication. Here, the authors propose a functional method for active-integrated antenna array synthesis, based on the method of moments combined with the generalised equivalent circuit (MoM-GEC) in conjunction with a genetic algorithm for the synthesis of a 2D array with switched phase states. Their
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29-/35 GHz Dual-band high-gain phase shifter with hybrid π-networks Electron. Lett. (IF 1.316) Pub Date : 2020-10-28 Dong Wei; Xuan Ding; Hai Yu; Yen-Cheng Kuan; Qun Jane Gu; Zhiwei Xu; Shunli Ma; Junyan Ren
This Letter presents a 29-/35 GHz dual-band high-gain hybrid π-network-based phase shifter. The hybrid π-network realised by combining electrical tuning through capacitors and magnetic tuning through transformers extends the phase shift range. Furthermore, the phase shift modules are inserted between the vertically stacking transistors to realise the embedded phase shifting with the minimum loss. The
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Compact and high-performance UWB bandpass filter based on HMSIW Electron. Lett. (IF 1.316) Pub Date : 2020-10-28 Lei Huang; Ye Yuan; Yun Jiang; Naichang Yuan
In this Letter, a compact and high-performance ultra-wideband (UWB) bandpass filter based on half-mode substrate integrated waveguide (HMSIW) is proposed. A novel slow-wave structure with lowpass characteristics is developed and loaded on the HMSIW to obtain the UWB frequency response and realise size-reduction. Moreover, two rectangular slots are etched on the transition structures of the microstrip-to-HMSIW
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Design of a multilayer dual-band balanced-to-balanced SIW filtering power divider Electron. Lett. (IF 1.316) Pub Date : 2020-10-28 Yijie Liu; Gang Zhang; Jian Zheng; Yujie Li; Zeling Li; Mingjia Li; Enrong Wang
A new compact multilayer dual-band balanced-to-balanced filtering power divider (FPD) based on substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) resonator is proposed in this Letter. Originating from the field distributions of resonant modes in the square SIW cavity, TE 201 -mode and TE 203 -mode are utilised to achieve desired differential-mode (DM) transmission and high common-mode (CM) suppression. Meanwhile
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Low profile broadband substrate-integrated waveguide to rectangular waveguide transition for W-band automotive radar Electron. Lett. (IF 1.316) Pub Date : 2020-10-28 Haoyi Dong; Jixin Chen; Debin Hou; Wei Hong
Low profile broadband substrate-integrated waveguide to rectangular waveguide (RWG) transitions have been proposed for RF verification of W-band automotive radar. The transition is designed on a PCB, which is assembled between the radar board and instrument waveguide port. In the design of the transition, a magnetoelectric (ME) dipole is introduced to excite the basic mode of RWG, and a bowtie slot
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Millimetre-wave balanced SIW bandpass filter with high common-mode suppression Electron. Lett. (IF 1.316) Pub Date : 2020-10-28 Zi-Jun Guo; Zhang-Cheng Hao; Yi-Wen Wu
A balanced substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) filter based on a virtual electric wall (VEW) is presented and studied in this Letter. By introducing VEW on the symmetry plane for replacing the metallic-via-array, conductor losses from metal sidewalls can be avoided. As proof-of-concept example, a six-pole balanced filter using asymmetric inductive windows is designed and fabricated with a measured
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