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Software failures caused by data race bugs have always been major concerns in parallel and distributed systems, despite significant efforts spent in software testing. Due to their nondeterministic and hard-to-reproduce features, when evaluating systems' operational reliability, a rather long period of experimental execution time is expected to be spent on observing failures caused by data race conditions

This paper analyzes security problems of modern computer systems caused by vulnerabilities in their operating systems (OSs). Our scrutiny of widely used enterprise OSs focuses on their vulnerabilities by examining the statistical data available on how vulnerabilities in these systems are disclosed and eliminated, and by assessing their criticality. This is done by using statistics from both the National

Software defect prediction (SDP) is an available way to enhance test efficiency and guarantee software reliability. However, there are more clean instances than defective instances in real software projects, and this results in severe class distribution skews and gets the poor performance of classifiers. So solving the class-imbalance problem in SDP has attracted growing attention from industry and

With the rapid development of smart devices, mobile phones have permeated many aspects of our life. Unfortunately, their widespread popularization attracted endless attacks that are serious threats for users. As the mobile system with the largest market share, Android has already become the hardest hit for years. To Detect Android Malware by ORGB Analysis, in this paper, we present DAMBA, a novel prototype

Security vulnerability prediction (SVP) can identify potential vulnerable modules in advance and then help developers to allocate most of the test resources to these modules. To evaluate the performance of different SVP methods, we should take the security audit and code inspection into account and then consider effort-aware performance measures (such as ACC and P opt ). However, to the best of our

Code commenting is a common programming practice of practical importance to help developers review and comprehend source code. In our developer survey, commenting has become an important, yet often-neglected activity when programming. Moreover, there is a lack of formal and automatic way in current practice to remind developers where to comment in the source code. To provide informative guidance on

Cyber-physical software delivers context-aware services through continually interacting with its physical environment and adapting to the changing surroundings. However, when the software's assumptions on the environment no longer hold, the interactions can introduce errors for leading to unexpected behaviors and even system failures. One promising solution to this problem is to conduct runtime monitoring

The rapid growth of Android malware results in a large body of approaches devoted to malware analysis by leveraging machine learning algorithms. However, the effectiveness of these approaches primarily depends on the manual feature engineering process, which is time-consuming and labor-intensive based on expert knowledge and intuition. In this paper, we propose an automatic approach that engineers

Context: Ranking-oriented defect prediction (RODP) ranks software modules to allocate limited testing resources to each module according to the predicted number of defects. Most RODP methods overlook that ranking a module with more defects incorrectly makes it difficult to successfully find all of the defects in the module due to fewer testing resources being allocated to the module, which results

Requirements traceability is broadly recognized as a critical element of any rigorous software development process, especially for building safety-critical software (SCS) systems. Model-driven development (MDD) is increasingly used to develop SCS in many domains, such as automotive and aerospace. MDD provides new opportunities for establishing traceability links through modeling and model transformations

Malware detection is an important and challenging issue in the Android ecosystem. Many approaches have been proposed to distinguish malicious applications from benign ones, but few of them can represent the behavior patterns of malicious applications and help understand their intention. In this paper, we propose LSCDroid, a malware detecting approach that cannot only detect malware but also help understand

SQL injection attack (SQLIA) is among the most common security threats to web-based services that are deployed on cloud. By exploiting web software vulnerabilities, SQL injection attackers can run arbitrary malicious code on target databases to acquire or compromise sensitive data. Although web application firewalls (WAFs) are offered by most cloud service providers, tenants are reluctant to pay for

Numerical computation is often involved in software of embedded control systems, cyber-physical systems, artificial neural network systems, big data processing systems, etc. Automatically discovering numerical loop invariants is fundamental for checking the safety of such software. Abstract interpretation provides a framework to automatically discover sound invariants but which may be not precise enough

Prediction of event such as failure event or critical warning event plays an important role in reliability engineering. In this paper, we present a semiparametric method to predict event occurrences for an individual unit in real time using recurrent event data. The intensity of event occurrence is modeled using the extended Cox proportional-hazard model and the distinction of units is achieved using

In this paper, the new generalized inflection S-shaped software reliability growth model is proposed. It is a very flexible finite failure Poisson process that possesses two distinguishing features: 1) includes as special cases the popular inflection S-shaped model, Goel generalized nonhomogenous Poisson process, and Goel-Okumoto model and 2) differently than these latter models, allows for modeling

This paper develops an improved dynamic reliability model for compressor rotor system, defined as a “unconventional active system” here. First, regarding to the variety of system-component connections, system specific reliability modeling technique is presented, in which the stress and strength are both nonnegative stochastic processes. The new model fully considers the load characteristics of rotor

The global reliability sensitivity index (GRSI) can measure the effect of model input variable on the failure probability of the structure and provide guidance for the reliability-based design optimization. In this paper, to efficiently estimate the GRSI, an equivalent form of the GRSI is derived by elaborative combination of Bayes' theorem and the law of total expectation in the successive intervals

The reliability assessment for a system with multiple prior information can be challenging. In this paper, we propose a novel Bayesian melding (BM) approach to combine the inconsistent prior distributions. This approach is first investigated to address a flaw in traditional BM methods and then extended to a general multilevel hierarchical system with biased priors and limited data. We realize our method

Dependability and performance analysis of modern systems is facing great challenges: their scale is growing, they are becoming massively distributed, interconnected, and evolving. Such complexity makes model-based assessment a difficult and time-consuming task. For the evaluation of large systems, reusable submodels are typically adopted as an effective way to address the complexity and to improve

With the rapid development of technology scaling and cell density improvement for capacity increase and cost reduction, nand flash memory is confronted with degraded reliability. On one hand, while low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes have been deployed in today's nand flash memories to enhance reliability, flash read latency has still been a performance bottleneck with the increased raw bit error

To cope with the control problem of industrial processes with partial actuator failure and disturbance, an improved synthetic minmax optimization design-based H ∞ linear quadratic (LQ) tracking control strategy is presented in this paper. A new state space model that integrates the dynamics of the process states and the tracking error is first formulated as the basic dynamic process representation

Mutation testing is a fault-oriented software testing technique, and a test suite generated based on the criterion of mutation testing generally has a high capability in detecting faults. A mutant that is hard killed is called a stubborn one. The traditional methods of test data generation often fail to generate test data that kill stubborn mutants. To improve the efficiency of killing stubborn mutants

Abstract test cases (ATCs) have been widely used in practice, including in combinatorial testing and in software product line testing. When constructing a set of ATCs, due to limited testing resources in practice (e.g., in regression testing), test case prioritization (TCP) has been proposed to improve the testing quality, aiming at ordering test cases to increase the speed with which faults are detected

For a long time, the machinery's reliability allocation methods have followed the electronics', and thus all of the interactions among moving components and parts in machines are neglected. In fact, the allocated results are not reasonable for mechanical products; even the allocation granularity is not appropriate to guide the reliability design. To overcome these problems, this paper proposes an allocation

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) find application in various fields like environmental monitoring, health-care, land security, and many more. To ease our day-to-day activity, WSNs have become an integral tool for complex data gathering tasks. Monitoring a phenomenon by a WSN depends on the collective data provided by the sensor nodes. To ensure reliable operation of WSNs, it is important to quantify

Remaining useful life (RUL) prediction of rolling element bearings plays a pivotal role in reducing costly unplanned maintenance and increasing the reliability, availability, and safety of machines. This paper proposes a hybrid prognostics approach for RUL prediction of rolling element bearings. First, degradation data of bearings are sparsely represented using relevance vector machine regressions

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Motivated by an accelerated degradation test (ADT) on the power gain of microwave power amplifiers, in this article we propose a model-ranking approach for the estimation of some important reliability characteristics. Different degradation models and statistical lifetime distributions are applied to model the data obtained from the ADT. We study the effect of model misspecification in estimating the

In this article, test diversity has been suggested to be a valid way to improve test suite effectiveness. Extended finite state machine (EFSM) is a widely used formal model, but little attention is paid on the test suite generation with more diversity. EFSM test suite generation involves test paths generation and test data generation. Considering the discrepancy between test paths has a more crucial

Obtaining lower confidence bounds on the reliability of a series system remains a problem of interest. Engineers and practitioners desire methods with good properties to obtain lower confidence bounds when only component-level binomial test data are available. With numerous methods proposed in the literature–none of which are uniformly superior–it can be an overwhelming task to select the method which

The probabilistic design of complex structure usually involves the features of numerous components, multiple disciplines, nonlinearity, and transients and, thus, requires lots of simulations as well. To enhance the modeling efficiency and simulation performance for the dynamic probabilistic analysis of the multicomponent structure, we propose an improved decomposed-coordinated Kriging modeling strategy

Cryptographic hash functions are security-critical algorithms with many practical applications, notably in digital signatures. Developing an approach to test them can be particularly difficult, and bugs can remain unnoticed for many years. We revisit the NIST hash function competition, which was used to develop the SHA-3 standard, and apply a new testing strategy to all available reference implementations

Numerous color images are digitally reproduced today, mainly using the cyan, magenta, yellow and black ink set. The information in a printed image, however, may be distorted or lost due to the image's gradual color degradation as the result of ink fading and diffusion on the substrate. The degradation behavior of the inks can be difficult to predict when catalytic fading is introduced by a variety

Condition-based maintenance (CBM) is popularly recognized as a key lever that enables organizations to gain a competitive advance in the context of the fourth industrial revolution. Combining both the perfect and imperfect maintenance actions into CBM policies seems to be an efficient way to achieve high economic performances. Following this view, we propose and optimize in this article a hybrid deterioration-based

Defects generated in semiconductor manufacturing processes have serious effects on the yield of integrated circuits (ICs). Accurate modeling of the defect counts on IC chips is crucial for predicting the yield. The conventional Poisson yield model tends to underestimate the true yield by ignoring overdispersed patterns of defects on the wafer. This article uses various models based on the generalized

Hybrid and cyber-physical systems pose new challenges for formal construction of systems. In hybrid systems, the states evolve over continuous time according to related laws of continuous and discrete dynamics. Thus, timing constraints and synchronous signals play important roles. Moreover, in the development of complex hybrid systems, refinement, and composition of timing constraints are in need.

A geographic information system (GIS) provides basic location-enabled services for many different applications related to navigation, education, and telecommunications. It is a foundation for analysis and visualization. Testing GIS is critical, but challenging due to the difficulty to assess the correctness of GIS outputs, which is called the test oracle problem of software testing. Metamorphic testing

In this article, common cause failure, which has contributed more and more failures of complex systems, is integrated to the reliability allocation process. Factors that are used to weight the components are proposed as failure severity, improvement effort, coupling strength, and fragility. Failure severity in the context of common cause failure (CCF) is calculated based on the component's expected

Prototyping is an effective and efficient way of requirements validation to avoid introducing errors in the early stage of software development. However, manually developing a prototype of a software system requires additional efforts, which would increase the overall cost of software development. In this article, we present an approach with a developed tool RM2PT to automated prototype generation

This paper considers the optimal arrangement problem in a connected- $(r,s)$ -out-of- $(m,n)$ :F lattice system. This problem aims to find a component arrangement to maximize system reliability under the assumption that the component reliabilities are given. Although existing studies developed a few algorithms for finding the optimal arrangement of connected- $(r,s)$ -out-of- $(m,n)$ :F lattice systems

Reliability importance which serves to quantify the influence of each component (or each type of components) in each phase on the reliability of a phased mission system (PMS) plays an important role in security assessment and risk management. In this paper, we present a new and efficient method for reliability importance analysis of PMSs using the theory of survival signature. A new kind of survival

Spin-transfer torque magnetic RAM (STT-MRAM) is known as the most promising replacement for static random access memory (SRAM) technology in large last-level cache memories (LLC). Despite its high density, nonvolatility, near-zero leakage power, and immunity to radiation as the major advantages, STT-MRAM-based cache memory suffers from high error rates mainly due to retention failure (RF), read disturbance

Various robots are playing critical roles in many areas such as industrial manufacturing, disaster rescuing, unmanned vehicle, and science exploration. Because of the uncertain environment, changed resource, or dynamic system structure at runtime, traditional methods such as testing, model checking, and static analysis used in the development stage are not enough to ensure that the executions of robot

The uncertain variables of the link dimensions and joint clearances, whose deviation is caused by manufacturing and assembling errors, have a considerable influence on the positioning accuracy of industrial robots. Understanding how these uncertain variables affect the positioning accuracy of industrial robots is very important to select appropriate parameters during design process. In this paper,

As a critical parameter in evaluating the reliability of a multiprocessor system when processors malfunction, the \boldsymbol $h$ -extra connectivity ( $h$ -EC) of a multiprocessor system modeled by a graph $G$ , denoted by $\kappa ^{(h)}_{o}(G)$ , is an $h$ -extra vertex-cut with minimum cardinality. Both of the $h$ -extra conditional diagnosability ( $h$ -ECD) and the $t/h$ -diagnosability of the

As a success-oriented system reliability and safety-analysis technique, the GO methodology has been applied in a variety of real-world safety-critical industrial fields. Common-cause failure (CCF) is the simultaneous failure of multicomponents within a system due to the same root cause. An enhancement approach for the original GO methodology is proposed in this paper to support CCF modeling and calculation

The ad hoc network is an emerging wireless communication technology. Recently, the reliability of ad hoc networks has attracted increasing attention in the literature. In this paper, the reliability of such networks is analyzed by incorporating the impacts of node failures and interference, because node failures usually obstruct the achievement of the intended function of a network, and interference

This paper develops a method for the time-dependent reliability analysis of deteriorating structures using phase-type (PH) distributions. The deteriorating model consists of two aspects: the progressive deterioration posed by aging effects, and the shock deterioration caused by random shocks. Evaluating the distribution of the sum of random variables is a tough work in the model. For simplified problems

Resistive Random-Access Memory (ReRAM) devices have caught significant research attention as scalable nonvolatile memory technology for high-density data storage in 3-D crossbar architectures. ReRAM devices can switch with low programming voltages (<±1 V) at fast time-scales (≍10–100 ns) that make them an attractive option for not only off-chip data storage but also for on-chip embedded memory applications

This paper presents a generic framework for modeling and assessment of preventive and corrective maintenances. The virtual age (VA) models of Kijima are generalized. The proposed definition provide many existing models as VA models. New models are also proposed. Covariates effects can be considered. The framework is generic in the sense that we propose an iterative way to compute the characteristics

Regression bugs are a type of bugs that cause a feature of software that worked correctly but stop working after a certain software commit. This paper presents a systematic study of regression bug chains , an important but unexplored phenomenon of regression bugs. Our paper is based on the observation that a commit $c1$ , which fixes a regression bug $b1$ , may accidentally introduce another regression

Fault diagnosis of bearings using classification techniques plays an important role in industrial applications, and, hence, has received increasing attention. Recently, significant efforts have been made to develop various methods for bearing fault classification and the application of Case Western Reserve University (CWRU) data for validation has become a standard reference to test the fault classification