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Probing metaphors in user narratives to inform design process Design Stud. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-01-25 Elif Sen Himaki, Ozge Merzali Celikoglu, Klaus Krippendorff
This study explores how metaphors from users' worlds can be incorporated into design to facilitate user-centred design processes. Through a two-stage data generation process and following qualitative content analyses, we investigate how designers utilise user metaphors in idea generation. For data generation, we collected narratives rich in metaphors from a particular user group and asked 13 designers
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Understanding virtual design behaviors: A large-scale analysis of the design process in Virtual Reality Design Stud. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-12-30 Portia Wang, Mark R. Miller, Eugy Han, Cyan DeVeaux, Jeremy N. Bailenson
Virtual Reality (VR) is an emerging medium with consequences for studying design processes. In VR, users can design using direct manipulation and move both by walking and using their hands in the physical world and beyond physical spaces using abstract movement such as teleportation. However, research examining VR design processes remains limited. In this work, we present a large-scale analysis of
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Co-designing conversational agents: A comprehensive review and recommendations for best practices Design Stud. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-11-08 Malak Sadek, Rafael A. Calvo, Céline Mougenot
This paper presents a comprehensive review of fifty-two studies co-designing conversational agents (CAs). Its objectives are to synthesise prior CA co-design efforts and provide actionable recommendations for future endeavours in CA co-design. The review systematically evaluates studies' methodological and contextual aspects, revealing trends and limitations. These insights converge into practical
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Inside Front Cover - Editorial Board Page Design Stud. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-09-11
Abstract not available
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Method in their madness: Explaining how designers think and act through the cognitive co-evolution model Design Stud. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-07-21 Philip Cash, Milene Gonçalves, Kees Dorst
Designers often face situations where the only way forward is through the exploration of possibilities. However, there is a critical disconnect between understanding of how designer’s think and act in such situations. We address this disconnect by proposing and testing (via protocol analysis) the cognitive co-evolution model. Our model comprises a new approach to co-evolutionary design theory by explaining
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A programming grammar for robotic fabrication: Incorporating material agency into clay textures Design Stud. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-07-17
Material agency describes how material affordances and constraints have the inherent capacity to suggest formal transformations. Digital fabrication typically excludes material agency because it requires the final form is digitally modelled before it can be fabricated. To enrich the fabrication design space with material agency, we introduce 1) a programming grammar that relates the sensing of material
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Global diversity in design research: A bibliometric investigation of design journals Design Stud. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-07-15
Design, as a field, is inherently multifaceted. For this reason, it might be expected that design research would be reflective of this diversity, not only regarding research themes, but also geographic representation. This paper employs bibliometric methods to explore the issue of country of institutional affiliation of the authors of 14 design journals. Through the analysis of data on paper authorship
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Transition co-design dynamics in high level policy processes Design Stud. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-07-06 Satu Lähteenoja, Tatu Marttila, İdil Gaziulusoy, Sampsa Hyysalo
Despite the increasing interest in bringing together the fields of sustainability transitions and design research, the ways transition design connects to earlier theories on design action have not been extensively studied. By using Buchanan’s (1992; 1998) ‘four orders of design’ and Young’s (2008) ‘complexity in design’ models as a framework, this article provides an empirical example of how to examine
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The refashion circular design strategy — Changing the way we design and manufacture clothes Design Stud. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-06-30 M. Cristina Dan, Andrei Ciortea, Simon Mayer
Approximately 65% of a garment's climate impact stems from fabric production. With 53 M tons of fibre produced every year and 87% ending in landfills, the fashion industry is polluting and wasting precious resources. Therefore, waste prevention and recapturing value become essential. Our research explores the development of a new circular design strategy (CDS) - Refashion, for service innovation through
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Understanding inspiration: Insights into how designers discover inspirational stimuli using an AI-enabled platform Design Stud. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-06-26 Elisa Kwon, Vivek Rao, Kosa Goucher-Lambert
Throughout the design process, designers encounter diverse stimuli that influence their work. This influence is particularly notable during idea generation processes that are augmented by novel design support tools that assist in inspiration discovery. However, fundamental questions remain regarding why and how interactions afforded by these tools impact design behaviors. This work explores how designers
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Listening to the sociomaterial: When thinking through making extends beyond the individual Design Stud. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-06-23 Luis Vega, Maarit Mäkelä, Pirita Seitamaa-Hakkarainen
Current discussions in practice-led design research concentrate on the thoughtful dimension of working with materials and the problem of analyzing acts of making at the scale of individual practice. Informed by the theoretical tenets of sociomateriality, this paper encloses a practice-led study addressing both issues. We followed the making of a collaboration-based, material-intensive workshop designed
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Capturing and revisiting ideas in the design process: A longitudinal technology probe study Design Stud. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-06-15 Peter Dalsgaard, Michael Mose Biskjaer, Jonas Frich
Managing ideas is a central activity of professional designers and an essential element in the creative design process. However, while designers use a diverse range of tools to capture, manage, and recollect ideas, they often lack well-established and proven efficient routines for doing so. To better understand how these idea-centered design processes play out and, potentially, might be improved, we
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Evaluating the efficacy and effectiveness of design methods: A systematic review and assessment framework Design Stud. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-06-17 Philip Cash, Jaap Daalhuizen, Paul Hekkert
The increasingly transdisciplinary context of design, where designers collaborate with other disciplinary and domain experts, means there is a growing need to evidence the effectiveness of design methods. We address this need in two ways. First, we propose a ‘chain of evidence’, from motivation to claims, operationalising this in a systematic assessment framework. Second, we systematically review current
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Designing conditions for coexistence Design Stud. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-06-14 Olivier Cotsaftis, Nina Williams, Gyungju Chyon, John Sadar, Daphne Mohajer Va Pesaran, Samuel Wines, Sarah Naarden
Abstract not available
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A sociomaterial perspective on epistemic objects in design practice Design Stud. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-06-12 Ahmad Beltagui, Andrew Bell, Marina Candi
Digital technologies enable realistic and highly refined representations early in the design process, yet designers frequently use rudimentary objects in their design practice. This research proposes a framework to explain characteristics of objects that make them appropriate for different roles in complex design projects. Objects created by designers in three research settings are explored through
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A design anthropology of collaborative making: Exploring shoemaking and embroidery practices Design Stud. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-06-08 Sofie Verclyte, Catherine Willems
Design anthropology covers various design practices and research. While some researchers/pactitioners rely on anthropological insights to enhance design, others use design as a tool to gain anthropological knowledge. This paper explores the symbiotic relation between design and anthropology and proposes a ‘design anthropology of collaborative making’. It contributes to gaining insights in plural ways
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Visualising product concepts to engage manufacturers with little or no industrial design capability Design Stud. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-05-25 Blair Kuys, Charlie Ranscombe, Wendy Zhang
Underlying theories behind visualisation are well reported in literature; likewise, are visualisation strategies from the perspective of in-house design operations. This research addresses a gap in literature on the topic of visualisation with respect to collaborative design projects with manufacturers that have little or no industrial design capability. The research investigates designers' practices
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Performance of architectural teams: The role of team learning, reflexivity, boundary crossing and error communication Design Stud. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-05-20 Linus Tan, Anita Kocsis, Jane Burry, Eva Kyndt
This paper examines the role of team learning behaviours in the performance of architecture teams. This is significant to architects because most architects work in project teams. Although there is a growing body of research on the behaviours of design teams, this survey is one of the first studies conducted specifically on the learning behaviours of architects working in teams. We conducted a survey
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Architects' use of intuition in site analysis: Information gathering in solution development Design Stud. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-05-14 Diana Osmólska, Alan Lewis
This study explores site analysis, which involves designing a building in outline to test whether a particular site can accommodate a given proposal. During this process, information is gathered to develop and test solution conjectures. Designers' examination of solution-conjectures is underexplored. In addressing this issue, the study draws on dual-processing theory, where cognitive processes are
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Inside Front Cover - Editorial Board Page Design Stud. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-05-11
Abstract not available
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There no such thing as strategic design Design Stud. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-05-04 Kees Dorst, Rodger Watson
The notion of ‘strategic design’ has arisen in the past years as an umbrella term for a set of evolving practices. Yet the literature is quite fuzzy as to what this strategic design actually is and how it would lead to strategic impact. In this paper we explore the issue afresh, bracketing the concept of strategic design, and starting from the standpoint that “There is no such thing as strategic design”
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Design thinking: What just happened? Design Stud. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-04-05 Nigel Cross
Abstract not available
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The design entrepreneur: How adaptive cognition and formal design training create entrepreneurial self-efficacy and entrepreneurial intention Design Stud. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-04-03 Bo T. Christensen, Kasper M. Arendt, Paul McElheron, Linden J. Ball
Why are design students more likely than other students to become entrepreneurs? The cognitive mechanisms underpinning design- and entrepreneurial thinking have been argued to be similar, suggesting relevance to business venturing. On the other hand, differential formal training in design vs business education suggests distinct types of “entrepreneurial self-efficacy”. We report a survey (N = 296)
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The passive dimension of empathy and its relevance for design Design Stud. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-04-01 Christopher Stephan
Empathy has become an essential concept for coarticulating design's creative efficacy and allocentricity. While subject to many definitions, a common methodological interest has tended to cast empathy as a tool, used deliberately and reflectively. The result has been an emphasis on the intentional, reflective, and interpretively rich dimensions of empathy over their automatic and inchoate foundations
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The effect of disciplinary diversity on design idea generation in dyadic teams Design Stud. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-03-30 Xifan Ou, Gabriela Goldschmidt, Miriam Erez
Team composition affects the creativity of teams in design tasks. Existing research presents mixed results on the impact of team composition on creativity. We conducted an experiment to investigate the effect of three different team categories on design creativity: designers, designers and non-designers (mixed teams), and non-designers. 18 volunteer dyads completed a short design task by generating
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Constructing design activity in words: Exploring linguistic methods to analyse the design process Design Stud. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-03-29 Senthil Chandrasegaran, Almila Akdag Salah, Peter Lloyd
Analysing transcripts of design activity typically involve either close reading or manual coding of data, which limits the amount of data that can be analysed. In contrast, we explore a machine-learning based linguistic analysis tool called Empath to identify patterns of reasoning in design talk. The data we use derives from the Design Thinking Research Symposium (DTRS) shared-data workshops which
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Auditing design justice: The impact of social movements on design pedagogy at a technology institution Design Stud. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-03-29 Madhurima Das, Anastasia K. Ostrowski, Shelly Ben-David, Gillian J. Roeder, Kimberley Kimura, Catherine D'Ignazio, Cynthia Breazeal, Aditi Verma
Engineering aims to solve consequential, real-world problems. To be effective problem-solvers in societal contexts, engineers and designers must be trained to conceptualize and operationalize ethics, equity, and justice in their practice. Our work develops a methodology – based on the Design Justice framework – for ethics, equity, and justice audits of design pedagogy. We apply this methodology to
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From ‘if only’ to ‘what if’: An ethnographic study into design thinking and organizational change Design Stud. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-03-28 Martijn Felder, Tineke Kleinhout-Vliek, Marthe Stevens, Antoinette de Bont
We aim to understand how public sector organizations practise ‘design thinking’ to respond to changing demands and develop alternative courses of action. The literature on design thinking is largely prescriptive; few studies analyse how change is actually brought about through situated design practices. Design scholars have therefore argued that such practices themselves should take centre stage as
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From anma (waiting) to marra (feeling good): Ways of designing in Ntaria Design Stud. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-03-28 Nicola St John
Current concepts of design processes are largely pre-defined by Westphalian perspectives which omit other non-European-defined onto-epistemes. This paper draws on a co-design education program with young adults from the Aboriginal community of Ntaria to explore Western Arrarnta ways of designing, which are mediated by Country, culture, and community. Questioning accepted universal processes, drawing
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Decolonial design practices: Creating safe spaces for plural voices on contested pasts, presents, and futures Design Stud. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-03-25 Asnath Paula Kambunga, Rachel Charlotte Smith, Heike Winschiers-Theophilus, Ton Otto
This article introduces the concept of the ‘safe space’ in design interventions: a socially developed environment for thoughts, actions, and mutual learning in political and contested contexts. The safe space responds to current challenges within decolonial design practices and calls for a plurality of knowledge and voices. We present a study in which we developed safe spaces with young Namibians by
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Editorial: Expanding the frontiers of design: A blessing or a curse? Design Stud. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-03-24 Gabriela Goldschmidt
Abstract not available
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Inside Front Cover - Editorial Board Page Design Stud. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-03-09
Abstract not available
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The generative function of the occlusion map: Square spirals and the structure of visibility Design Stud. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-02-21 Mike Christenson
Le Corbusier’s projects instantiating his concept for the Museum of Unlimited Extension share a common structure of visibility, revealing and obscuring views of the horizon. A diagram of this structure, called the occlusion map, can generate floor plans consistent with the structure of visibility in the Museum of Unlimited Extension. This paper highlights capabilities of digital tools for revealing
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Place-based methodologies for design research: An ethnographic approach Design Stud. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-02-03
The debate about place has long intersected with design studies. Our contribution to interdisciplinary design is to facilitate a dialogue between design and human geography. Grounded in Doreen Massey's conceptualisation of place as the interrelations of diverse powers, processes and practices, this paper combines ethnographic methods and examples into a succinct place-based methodology for design researchers
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Quality and qualities of design studies, design research and design Design Stud. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-01-20 Peter Lloyd
Abstract not available
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Sketching and context: Exploring creativity in idea generation groups Design Stud. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-01-06 Jeni Paay, Jesper Kjeldskov, Michael Bønnerup, Thulasika Rasenthiran
Studies of creativity have shown that idea generation within groups produces fewer novel ideas. To address this, we examine ways to stimulate the creative process in idea generation groups, and contribute the new technique of “brainsketching with context cues”, which purposefully adds contextual input into the sketching activity. We build on the existing brainsketching technique, which promotes idea
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Constructing accounts of decision-making in sustainable design: A discursive psychology analysis Design Stud. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2022-12-26 Liz Cooper
Many methods have been developed to help designers make better and more sustainable design decisions. Yet there is limited research on designers' perspectives on design decision-making. In this study, discursive psychology is used to analyse designers' accounts of decision-making. The designers show difficulty in trying to describe decision-making as an identifiable action. Different strategies are
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Prototyping to elicit user requirements for product development: Using head-mounted augmented reality when designing interactive devices Design Stud. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2022-12-01 Bo Kang, Nathan Crilly, Weining Ning, Per Ola Kristensson
Designers of interactive devices are challenged by the need to accurately elicit user requirements from low-cost prototypes at the early stages of the design process. Head-mounted augmented reality (AR) can potentially assist in this process by economically representing physical-digital blended features with relatively high-fidelity prototypes. To explore this potential, we present and evaluate a head-mounted
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Design science and neuroscience: A systematic review of the emergent field of Design Neurocognition Design Stud. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2022-12-01 Stephanie Balters, Theresa Weinstein, Naama Mayseless, Jan Auernhammer, Grace Hawthorne, Martin Steinert, Christoph Meinel, Larry J. Leifer, Allan L. Reiss
Design Neurocognition is an emerging research field that aims to elucidate the “black-box” of a designer's mind through the use of brain imaging tools such as electroencephalography (EEG), functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). More than a decade worth of study has led to many interesting research findings. Here, we systematically review the existing literature
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Inside Front Cover - Editorial Board Page Design Stud. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2022-11-20
Abstract not available
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Rendering racism: Visualizing colorblind architecture Design Stud. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2022-10-20 Shawhin Roudbari, Ann Marie Dang, Ana Colon Quiñones
Abstract not available
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The generative dance of design inquiry: Exploring Dewey's pragmatism for design research Design Stud. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2022-10-17 Guido Stompff, Ties van Bruinessen, Frido Smulders
In design research, the activities of design and research coalesce. It introduces thorny epistemological challenges and Dewey's pattern of inquiry is explored for its relevance for design research. First, a logical framework for design inquiry is developed that enables to reach warranted conclusions, retrospectively. Second, a temporal framework of activities is inferred, based on the experiences of
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Semantic models of sound-driven design: Designing with listening in mind Design Stud. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2022-09-27 Stefano Delle Monache, Nicolas Misdariis, Elif Özcan
Sound-driven design is a design practice informed by technology and listening in the multisensory dimension of interaction. An automated content analysis of 20 semi-structured interviews with sound designers, design researchers, engineers and expert users stressed the inherently embodied and situated conceptualisation of sound, and how it relates to their professional activity. The four categories
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Expansive learning for collaborative design Design Stud. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2022-09-23 Virginie Tessier
This paper seeks to study the learning process of collaboration through the analysis of design projects. The research is directed towards a better understanding of how teams work and how to improve their practices. Building on the theory of expansive learning, according to which cognition is situated, socially built and culturally influenced, we propose to elucidate the learning process by making visible
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The story novice designers tell: How rhetorical structures and prototyping shape communication with external audiences Design Stud. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2022-09-02 Sandeep Krishnakumar, Catherine Berdanier, Carlye Lauff, Christopher McComb, Jessica Menold
Communication with external audiences is a critical task within the design process. Yet, we lack fundamental knowledge about how designers communicate design solutions and decisions to such audiences. This is particularly problematic for novice designers, as without such knowledge, we cannot develop pedagogical interventions to train novices as effective communicators. In this work, we study two strategies
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Intermediation in design as a practice of institutioning and commoning Design Stud. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2022-08-21 Maurizio Teli, John McQueenie, Roberto Cibin, Marcus Foth
Design practices often involve grassroots communities and institutional actors with designers working as or with intermediaries. This paper defines intermediation as a significant design practice, especially when designers engage in commoning and institutioning—concepts that have gained traction in recent discourses in design scholarship. To discuss intermediation, the paper introduces two case studies:
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Timely and timeless framing of the new MINI Cooper Design Stud. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2022-07-29 Linda Nhu Laursen, Mário Barros
This paper presents an exemplary case in the car industry: the design of the new MINI Cooper, released in 2001. Through a semi-structured interview with design expert Frank Stephenson and the use of secondary data, we examine how an expert designer considers time to design a car relevant across decades. We find that the framing of the new MINI Cooper integrates both timely and timeless aspects. In
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Inside Front Cover - Editorial Board Page Design Stud. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2022-07-20
Abstract not available
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Negotiating social value, time perspective, and development space in sustainable product design: A dialectics perspective Design Stud. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2022-07-10 Claire K. Wan, Shih-Yu Lin
Designers face challenges stemming from the complexity and uncertainty in sustainable design. Drawing from the theoretical perspectives of dialectics and design process, we argue that a dialectical process of framing design issues and approaching design challenges can be an important but less explored element in the process of designing sustainable products. In the research setting of designers from
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A systematic review of empirical studies on multidisciplinary design collaboration: Findings, methods, and challenges Design Stud. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2022-07-08 Mimi Nguyen, Céline Mougenot
While multidisciplinary collaboration is increasingly considered as a prerequisite for innovation in design, it is unclear what has been studied and what to investigate next. To address this, we conducted a systematic literature review on multidisciplinary design collaboration, focussing on what has been found, and how these studies have been implemented. Following a PRISMA approach, 17 papers were
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Evaluation of physical models as creative stimuli in conceptual design of products Design Stud. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2022-07-06 Matheus Galvão Gomes, André Ogliari, Rodrigo Bastos Fernandes, Karuliny Oliveira Marques
In product development, designers employ techniques to overcome creativity barriers and most stimuli proposed take the form of texts and illustrations. To facilitate the application of external stimuli and enhance their benefits, this paper proposes the use of physical models. The hypothesis is that these can enhance the designer's creativity more efficiently than other forms of stimuli. The influence
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Exploring the use of speculative design as a participatory approach to more inclusive policy-identification and development in Malaysia Design Stud. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2022-06-22 Emmanuel Tsekleves, Clarissa Ai Ling Lee, Min Hooi Yong, Sian Lun Lau
This Case Study paper presents the first exploration of Speculative Design as a participatory democracy method for navigating the future of ageing in Malaysia. Speculative Design in the context of Global South is emerging, but without much data on how it is applied within different socio-economic conditions from the Global North countries. This Case Study considers the challenges and opportunities
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Lost in imagined space: A psychoanalysis of participatory design Design Stud. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2022-05-14 Bobby Nisha
Participatory design (PD) is a signature element of good design practice. However, enabling effective participation is often difficult to realise. This article highlights the value of applying psychoanalytic approaches to spatial thinking to better understand the deeper complexities and dynamics of the space-psyche relationship, and the challenges in the spatial thinking process that can inadvertently
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End user engagement in refugee shelter design: Contextualising participatory process Design Stud. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2022-04-11 Jason Hart, Dima Albadra, Natalia Paszkiewicz, Kemi Adeyeye, Alex Copping
Debate about participatory design (PD) has focussed considerably upon process. Factors such as facilitation skills and commitment to a participatory ethos have been highlighted as factors mediating stakeholder engagement. Discussion has been driven overwhelmingly by experience of PD in the global North with citizens who enjoy full rights. This article considers engagement with encamped refugees in
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Manipulating the design space to resolve trade-offs: Theory and evidence Design Stud. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2022-03-02 Jordan Nickel, P. Robert Duimering, Ada Hurst
Trade-offs between design goals have traditionally been studied using optimization approaches, which assume a fixed formulation and framing of the design problem. We propose a novel set-theory framework of design spaces to model the role of problem reformulation and reframing in resolving design trade-offs. The framework predicts mechanisms by which the designer can alter the boundaries and structure
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Design thinking for the everyday aestheticisation of urban renewable energy Design Stud. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2022-02-26 Suzanna Törnroth, Åsa Wikberg Nilsson, Andrea Luciani
Renewable energy infrastructures are becoming increasingly present in our environments, inevitably shaping the urban experiences of the everyday person as they move through the city. The profound impact these infrastructures have on social worlds has yet to be explored, with contemporary renewable energy discourse primarily focussing on the techno-economic. We argue for the everyday aestheticisation
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Using decisive constraints to create design methods that guide ethical impact Design Stud. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2022-02-19 Colin M. Gray, Aiza Hasib, Ziqing Li, Shruthi Sai Chivukula
Numerous methods have been designed to aid practitioners in identifying ethical concerns, imagining potential futures, defining values, and evaluating existing systems. However, there is little scholarship that addresses the design of these methods, including how ethical concerns are operationalized in these methods. In this paper, we report results of an interview study with twelve ethics-focused