Authentication and key agreement (AKA) protocol is an important security mechanism for access services in mobile communication systems. The 3GPP group has standardized the AKA protocol for 5G mobile communication systems. Even though 5G AKA protocol has improved security compared with 3G and 4G AKA protocols, several studies have shown that some critical goals are still not fulfilled, such as violation

This paper proposes a reduced-complexity detection technique for a radio frequency mirror media-based space-time block coded spatial modulation (MB-STBC-SM) over a slow, frequency-flat Rayleigh fading channel, which reduces the computational complexity of the MB-STBC-SM maximum-likelihood (ML) detector. Furthermore, three different mirror activation pattern (MAP) selection algorithms, which improve

Future wireless networks and 5G communication technology aims to provide seamless connectivity for geographical areas having thousands of users within hundreds of meter radius. Emerging communication technologies, specifically, multiple access techniques have to provide enhanced capacity in order to meet this objective. power domain non-orthogonal multiple access (PD-NOMA), which is a prominent multiple

EHONs (Energy Harvesting Overlay Networks) satisfy stringent design requirements such as high energy-and-spectrum utilization efficiencies. However, due to open access nature of these networks, eavesdroppers can emulate cognitive radios to wire-tap legitimate information, inducing information security to become a great concern. In order to protect legitimate information against eavesdroppers, this

In this paper, a machine learning schemes are proposed to enhance the physical layer security in cognitive radio network in the presence of an eavesdropper and primary user. Firstly, we apply the support vector machine (SVM) based scheme as a machine learning based scheme to classify and select a relay node to assist the secondary user transmitter (SU-Tx) and maximize the secrecy rate and satisfy the

In recent years, the Underwater Internet of Things (IoUT) has become a popular technology for exploring the underwater environment. IoUT enables administrators to explore and monitor underwater environmental phenomena from anywhere in the world where there is Internet access. Due to the harsh underwater environment, the reliability of communication between sensor nodes deteriorates, causing certain

The maximum likelihood detection theory improves the error rate of a sub-optimal but cheaper, coded symbol recovery loop using oversampling proposed as an alternate solution for the decoding problem without the log-likelihood ratio computation. The former implementation delivers the output data in one-symbol delay, and the required transistor count makes this approach attractive for ultra-low-energy

Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is a prominent 5G wireless communication technique which ensures higher spectral efficiency, low latency and user fairness. As power-domain NOMA exploits different power levels assigned to each user for decoding, therefore, performance of this scheme degrades badly in a network having approximately equidistant users. To address this challenge, a novel hybrid CDMA–NOMA

Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET) is an emerging new technology and a promising approach for Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) domain. Many researchers focused on the creation of reliable, scalable and efficient routing protocols for VANET and improve their Quality of Service (QoS). Communication among vehicular nodes which enable drivers to take appropriate decision needs a high reliability

A Parallel and Compact version of the Sine Cosine Algorithm (PCSCA) is proposed in this article. Parallel method can effectively improve search ability and increase the diversity of solutions. We develop three communication strategies based on parallelism idea to serve different types of optimization function to achieve the best performance. Furthermore, compact method uses statistical distribution

Assessments on routing protocols for delay tolerant network (DTN) or opportunistic network considered various metrics such as delivery ratio, overhead and delay, but energy consumption as a metric is not well analyzed. Since the energy aspect is now an issue, routing protocols should be considered from an energy consumption point of view. In this article, some basic routing protocols of the opportunistic

This paper investigates an anti-interference energy-efficient power allocation scheme in the multi-carrier millimeter-wave (mmWave) ultra-dense networks. To suppress the severe intercell-interference, this work proposes a novel interference minimization scheme based on the non-cooperative game theory for energy-efficiency maximization. In each best response, the non-convex problem is transformed into

For audiovisual network operators, end-users satisfaction is a major issue. This is the case for TDF who operates a nationwide network in France whose main purpose is to carry Digital Terrestrial Television streams. Such audiovisual content is forwarded through multicast real-time streams which require continuity of service. Therefore, the main goal of this work is to define a new architecture to prevent

Growing demand for the Internet of Things (IoT) applications including smart cities, healthcare systems, smart grids, and transportation systems, has enhanced the popularity of Machine-Type Communication (MTC) in 5G and 6G cellular networks significantly. Massive access is a well-known challenge in MTC that should be efficiently managed. In this paper, a grant-based massive access mechanism is introduced

In this paper, we propose a new wireless transmission technique using Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RIS) for hybrid RF/FSO communications. The signal is transmitted on two hops. The first hop uses Free Space Optical (FSO) communication while the second hop is based on Radio Frequency communications throughput RIS. The proposed RF/FSO communications using RIS offers 25–50 dB gain with respect

In this paper, an accurate framework is proposed for deriving the closed-form expression for the average symbol error probability (ASEP) of generalized M-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM) over the Beaulieu-Xie fading channel. This fading channel is extremely useful for characterizing heterogeneous networks, femtocells, and also for modeling of fading channel for high speed trains due to its

Cyber attackers target unconscious users with phishing methods is a serious threat to cyber security. It is important to quickly detect benign web pages according to legitimate ones. Despite the successful detection of phishing in the studies suggested in the literature, the problems of high false positive rate after the web page request is processed should be resolved. The novelty of the study is

The wide utilization of frequency spectrum sharing causes problems such as interference as the result of active links’ effects on each other. One of the proposed methods to decrease the interference in device-to-device networks is information-theoretic links scheduling (ITLinQ), where it schedules links by using information theory optimally conditions. In this paper, the idea of simultaneous using

This paper investigates the problem of joint interference management and resource allocation in device-to-device (D2D) uplink underlaying cellular networks. To improve the D2D system sum throughput, an overlapping coalition formation game (OCFG) is proposed to achieve resource allocation. In the game, a novel initialization in term of the priority sequence is proposed to rapidly form the initial coalitions

Vehicular delay tolerant networks (VDTNs) present an efficient platform for delivering delay tolerant contents in vehicular networks by utilizing vehicle to vehicle or vehicle to road side infrastructure communications. Routing protocols play an essential role in VDTNs environment to provide high routing performance. However, most of existing vehicular network routing methods suffer from scalability

A generalized Chinese Remainder Theorem (GCRT)-based multi-secret sharing (MSS) scheme, which can solve a tricky problem that the correspondences between multi-secret and their remainders in each share are unclear, has been proposed recently. But potential security issues should be taken into accounts in the design and implementation of MSS. To protect long-lived multi-secret against intended attacks

Nowadays vehicular communication has become a widespread phenomenon, which will cause spectrum scarcity. By utilizing the cognitive radio in vehicular communication can be an effective solution for communication between vehicles. However, it requires robust sensing model for its efficient usage. Hence, vehicles sense the spectrum and deliver their sensed information to the eNodeB. For spectrum sensing

Owing to the spectrum scarcity and energy constrained devices in wireless networks arises the demand for an efficient spectrum sensing technique which improves both sensing performance and energy efficiency for cognitive radio networks. This paper proposes a cooperative spectrum sensing scheduling (CSSS) scheme for heterogeneous multi-channel cognitive radio networks with the objective of finding an

In mmWave communication system we propose a simplified Genetic Algorithm (GA) in multiple-beam combination, which helps to overcome problems such as grating-lobe in common beam-forming algorithms, and it can get a better Signal Noise Ratio (SNR) performance at User Equipment (UE). The simplified GA can select optimal antenna cells from massive antenna array with a lower computational complexity and

Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) has been proposed as a new radio access technique for cellular networks as an alternative to OMA (Orthogonal Multiple Access) in which the users of a group (pairs or triples of users in a group are considered in this paper) are allowed to use the wireless channel simultaneously. In this paper, for downlink single-input single-output SISO-NOMA, a heuristic power

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is widely used for collecting the information from the target region by deploying the sensor nodes in that region. In WSNs, energy saving is the prime task which depends upon the number of Cluster Heads (CH) and on their selection techniques. Thus, in order to optimize the energy consumption of the clusters, we are proposing an Energy-efficient technique for selection

This paper presented a novel six-dimensional hyperchaotic system and constructed a new chaotic communication encryption method to take advantage of every dimensional sequence of the system. Based on the existing four-dimensional Lorenz system, a new six-dimensional hyperchaotic system is proposed and some related dynamic characteristics of the system are analyzed. To improve the security of communication

The evolved Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service (eMBMS) using the Multicast Broadcast Single Frequency Network (MBSFN) technique was designed for having multimedia streaming services using the multicast/broadcast way over the cellular network. Since (1) the unit of resource allocation in eMBMS-MBSFN is a subframe, (2) the code rate of an eMBMS-MBSFN session is based on the lowest Modulation and

Wireless connectivity has become a significant part of human life all over the world, both in developing and developed countries. In order to provide sufficient coverage without the densification of cellular networks, relatively low carrier frequencies should be used. This paper considers the reuse of the digital terrestrial television (DTT) band for cellular system operation in Kenya, while protecting

The Internet of Things has brought unprecedented technological innovation to smart homes, but the impact of this change on technology and users is limited and dispersed. Based on a systematic literature review, the present research conducted a quantitative analysis of 2874 papers (published in 2008–2020) obtained from the Web of Science to bridge the research gap. The current research identifies the

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) allow significant throughput enhancement as all reflections have the same phase at the receiver. In this paper, we suggest to optimize packet length for wireless communications using RIS. Two techniques are suggested in order to maximize average or instantaneous throughput. Average throughput maximization requires only the average signal to noise ratio to determine

Using wideband High Frequency (WBHF) communication has not been a luxury now due to the urgent need for the transfer of large files over long distances without the need for sophisticated infrastructure. The channel model helps in evaluating the performance of communications systems without the need for a real transmission. The existing HF ITU-R(International Telecommunication Union Radio) channel models

Broadband mobile networks have rapidly evolved over the last years. The unique environment they operate, however, sets new challenges for the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP). In this paper, we study the impact of Long Term Evolution (LTE) handover on TCP performance with different TCP congestion control algorithms and in a wide range of networks settings, including different handover types, random

DNS64 is an important IPv6 transition technology that facilitates the communication of an IPv6 only client with an IPv4 only server, which becomes a more and more common scenario. Several different DNS64 implementations exist, and their performance is a relevant decision factor for network operators. RFC 8219 has defined a benchmarking methodology for DNS64 servers, which requires the operation of

A Correction to this paper has been published: 10.1007/s11235-021-00753-6.

One of the motivations towards the 5G cellular networks and beyond is the large increase in the supported data rate in both uplink and downlink. Deployment of small size cells, massive MIMO, wherein a large number of antennas are deployed at transmitters and receiver, are effective tools in these networks. Users under cell massive MIMO networks “mMIMO” can provide high data rate. However, the cell-edge

Neighbor discovery represents a first step after the deployment of wireless ad hoc networks, since the nodes that form them are equipped with limited-range radio transceivers, and they typically do not know their neighbors. In this paper two randomized neighbor discovery approaches, called CDH and CDPRR, based on collision detection for static multi-hop wireless ad hoc networks, are presented. Castalia

With the advent of the Internet of Things (IoT) era, many devices have surfaced that capture and generate various visual data. To recognize and extract a meaningful pattern from these visual data, powerful methods are required for different IoT applications. Fortunately, deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) significantly improve the performance of almost all tasks in computer vision, including

In this paper, a new approach is proposed for implementing an adaptive decision feedback equalizer (ADFE) for the 5G channel. The proposed equalizer works in two phases. In the first phase, a least-squares (LS) algorithm with a variable-length training sequence is used to estimate the coefficients of the channel and the equalizer. In the second phase, the recursive least-squares algorithm estimates

The cumulative effects of network transmission link imperfections and real-time limitations of video data result in multiple challenges for mobile video transmission. The challenges, together with the increasing expectations of users for well-displayed videos, further extend the complexity particularly in dense areas. To address the issues and provide efficient mobile video transmission, this work

This study presents a benchmarking and evaluation approach for active queue management (AQM) network congestion control methods, which are considered as a problem of multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM). In recent years, the development of MCDM methods has been studied from various perspectives. The latest one called fuzzy decision by opinion score method (FDOSM) has proved its efficiency in solving

The multi-user multiple-input multiple-output (MU-MIMO) systems can greatly improve the system throughput. An efficient user selection and power allocation schemes are essential to achieve the needed performance. This paper examines energy efficiency maximization under limited feedback in MU-MIMO systems. An expression for the achievable data rate is derived for RRH-user selection which is used to

This paper presents a novel virtual array for FANETs wireless links at the frequency of 2.4 GHz. The proposed design considers a 3D random topology for eight nodes of a FANET. The main novelty is that each node is now composed of a rectangular patch antenna mounted on a realistic aircraft structure. This permits us to have a more precise performance of the radiation pattern. The optimum node locations

Network Virtualization enables service providers to instantiate virtual networks while sharing the same physical infrastructure. Virtual networks are allocated to clients for deploying their services. In this context, clients are served without knowing which server is replying and which routing strategy is adopted. In this paper, we focus on the server selection problem for competitive service providers

Efficient energy transfer is crucial for a green base station with limited energy to replenish the energy of stand-alone devices in the Internet of Things (IoT). Cognitive radio (CR) is critical to satisfying the spectrum requirement for IoT devices. This paper proposes two wireless charging policies, namely, charging in residual multi-frame time and charging one energy unit at a time, for the random

Due to the massive wireless traffic demand in fifth generation (5G) network, small cell have been attracted growing attention as a key solution and scalable approach for 5G deployments. However, to provide appropriate Quality of Service (QoS), mobile service providers need to study and analyze coverage with and without interference coordination. In this paper, we provide an analytical framework based

One of the main challenges in today’s access networks for 5G base stations (BSs) is the final links (or the last mile) of the network. The links that constitute the main backbone of the network are mostly based on Internet Protocol (IP)/Multi-protocol Label Switching networks with connection over fiber cables. However on the access network side, Mobile Network Operators (MNOs) may also benefit from

In the indoor environment of multiple-story buildings, the line-of-sight (LOS) radio frequency (RF) signal is generally obstructed by walls and slabs. As a solution to this dilemma, power line communication (PLC) is an alternative to overcome the LOS RF penetration issue. PLC is a cost-effective system that uses an alternative technology approach, through the help of already existing electrical distribution

Software-defined networking (SDN) has become the technology of choice for designing the next-generation network infrastructure that is featured with high-volume traffics, rapidly increased scale, and dynamic nature. Furthermore, to deploy multiple controllers in the control plane of SDN is widely considered with the aim of improving the stability and reliability of the network. This paper presents

Lattice-based cryptography is one of the emerging fields of cryptography in the post-quantum world. It is resistive to quantum attacks and has performance competitive to that of prevalent cryptosystem such as Rivest–Shamir–Adleman (RSA), Diffie Hellman etc. Till now, various basic cryptographic primitives like encryption and decryption, digital signature, hash-based functions, and key exchange are

Recently, power line communication (PLC) is receiving attention from academic and industry researchers worldwide. In particular, PLC systems have been largely investigated as a medium for transmitting control signals, diagnostic information, or data measured by sensors in Smart Grid. However, PLC systems face several challenges, such as multipath effects and impulsive noise, which may degrade data

In this paper we propose a generic queueing model that can be used to evaluate the performance of a wireless sensor node that uses energy harvesting. The alteration of such a device between the transmit and sleep mode (or between consuming energy and harvesting energy), is modeled by means of a finite capacity queueing system with repeated server vacations. The duration of a service, resp. vacation

Device-to-device (D2D) communication is introduced in cellular networks to allow devices in close proximity to communicate directly with each other, freeing up spectral and other system resources. We propose a scheme that promotes the coexistence of cellular users (CUs) and D2D users (DUs). DUs are allowed to access the CU channel for D2D communications, enhancing the spectral efficiency. On the other

In this paper, a method for combining wideband and narrowband waveforms is proposed to improve target detection in shallow water environments. In this regard, a sonar waveform design suitable for target speed has been proposed too. The method uses a wideband frequency-modulated waveform for high range resolution in a reverberation environment and the Doppler-sensitive (DS) waveform to improve the detection

Internet of things (IoT) is a network of different interconnected objects that are capable to collect and exchange data without human interaction. IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low-power and Lossy Networks (RPL) is the common IoT routing protocol. One of the main drawbacks of the RPL protocol is lack of support of load balancing leads to unfair distribution of traffic load in the network which may decrease

Currently, the rigid restrictions on agents with only constrained motivations (corresponding constrained cooperations) cause the high violation rate, low profits and even harm to their reputations without incent motivations in agent mental models, and as a result extremely limit the agent cooperations. To cope with the problems (To incent agents to cooperate with low violation rates and high profits

In this paper, non-orthogonal-multiple access is used in a single cell environment which employs cooperative relays for transferring signals to poor quality users, as compared to fixed sectorization and an adaptive sectorization, where the total power of bases station (BS) is divided equally based on the number of sectors and where sector size is decided by the number of devices in a sector respectively

Saving energy in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), is critical in different applications, such as environment monitoring, keeping human awareness and etc. Many studies have investigated energy consumption and improved the WSN lifetime longevity by reducing the energy consumption. Still, proposed approaches overlook the nodes’ distribution role in energy model and routing protocol, which is a key factor

In this paper, we analyze the impact of delaying delay-tolerant calls under certain conditions in cellular networks. We propose to queue the call if the user agrees when the terminal has bad radio conditions and the system is loaded. The call is served as soon as radio conditions become good or the current load goes below a given threshold. We model the system as a continuous-time Markov chain, which

In order to increase the transceiver performance in frequency selective fading channel environment, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system is used to combat inter-symbol-interference. In this work, a channel estimation scheme for an OFDM system in the presence of sparse multipath channel is studied using the artificial neural networks (ANN). By means of ANN’s learning capability,