We show how to construct a \((1+\varepsilon )\)-spanner over a set \({P}\) of n points in \({\mathbb {R}}^d\) that is resilient to a catastrophic failure of nodes. Specifically, for prescribed parameters \({\vartheta },\varepsilon \in (0,1)\), the computed spanner \({G}\) has $$\begin{aligned} {{\mathcal {O}}}\bigl (\varepsilon ^{-O(d)} {\vartheta }^{-6} n(\log \log n)^6 \log n \bigr ) \end{aligned}$$

Terrain visibility graphs are a well-known graph class in computational geometry. They are closely related to polygon visibility graphs, but a precise graph-theoretical characterization is still unknown. Over the last decade, terrain visibility graphs attracted considerable attention in the context of time series analysis (there called time series visibility graphs) with various practical applications

Measuring the similarity of two polygonal curves is a fundamental computational task. Among alternatives, the Fréchet distance is one of the most well-studied similarity measures. Informally, the Fréchet distance is described as the minimum leash length required for a man on one of the curves to walk a dog on the other curve continuously from the starting to the ending points. In this paper we study

The famous Szemerédi–Trotter theorem states that any arrangement of n points and n lines in the plane determines \(O(n^{4/3})\) incidences, and this bound is tight. In this paper, we prove the following Turán-type result for point-line incidence. Let \(\mathcal {L}_a\) and \(\mathcal {L}_b\) be two sets of t lines in the plane and let \(P=\{\ell _a \cap \ell _b : \ell _a \in \mathcal {L}_a, \,\ell

We present new results on a number of fundamental problems about dynamic geometric data structures: (1) We describe the first fully dynamic data structures with sublinear amortized update time for maintaining (i) the number of vertices or the volume of the convex hull of a 3D point set, (ii) the largest empty circle for a 2D point set, (iii) the Hausdorff distance between two 2D point sets, (iv) the

We investigate how much information about a convex body can be retrieved from a finite number of its geometric moments. We give a sufficient condition for a convex body to be uniquely determined by a finite number of its geometric moments, and we show that among all convex bodies, those which are uniquely determined by a finite number of moments form a dense set. Further, we derive a stability result

Richard Guy asked the following question: can we find a triangle with rational sides, medians and area? Such a triangle is called a perfect triangle and no example has been found to date. It is widely believed that such a triangle does not exist. Here we use the setup of Solymosi and de Zeeuw about rational distance sets contained in an algebraic curve, to show that for any angle \(0<\theta < \pi \)

The vertical depth relation among n pairwise openly disjoint triangles in 3-space may contain cycles. We show that, for any \(\varepsilon >0\), the triangles can be cut into \(O(n^{3/2+\varepsilon })\) connected semialgebraic pieces, whose description complexity depends only on the choice of \(\varepsilon \), such that the depth relation among these pieces is now a proper partial order. This bound

We show that the Radon number characterizes the existence of weak nets in separable convexity spaces (an abstraction of the Euclidean notion of convexity). The construction of weak nets when the Radon number is finite is based on Helly’s property and on metric properties of VC classes. The lower bound on the size of weak nets when the Radon number is large relies on the chromatic number of the Kneser

We study the number of copies of a weakly connected subdigraph of the k nearest neighbor (kNN) digraph based on data from certain random point processes in \(\mathbb {R}^d\). In particular, based on the asymptotic theory for functionals of point sets from homogeneous Poisson process (HPP) and uniform binomial process (UBP), we provide a general result for the asymptotic behavior of the number of weakly

We describe an algorithm for computing the min-convex hull of a finite collection of points in the affine building of \(\hbox {SL}_d(K)\), for K a field with discrete valuation. These min-convex hulls describe the relations among a finite collection of invertible matrices over K. As a consequence, we bound the dimension of the tropical projective space needed to realize the min-convex hull as a tropical

Convex polygons are distinguishable among the piecewise \(C^\infty \) convex domains by comparing their visual angle functions on any surrounding circle. This is a consequence of our main result, that every segment in a \(C^\infty \) multicurve can be reconstructed from the masking function of the multicurve given on any surrounding circle.

This work is about graphs arising from Reuleaux polyhedra. Such graphs must necessarily be planar, 3-connected and strongly self-dual. We study the question of when these conditions are sufficient. If G is any such graph, each vertex has an opposite face with isomorphism \(\tau :G \rightarrow G^*\) (where \(G^*\) is the unique dual graph), a metric mapping is a map \(\eta :V(G) \rightarrow \mathbb

We revisit a classical graph-theoretic problem, the single-source shortest-path (SSSP) problem, in weighted unit-disk graphs. We first propose an exact (and deterministic) algorithm which solves the problem in \(O(n\log ^2\!n)\) time using linear space, where n is the number of the vertices of the graph. This significantly improves the previous deterministic algorithm by Cabello and Jejčič [CGTA’15]

Given a hypergraph \(\mathcal {H}=(X,{\mathcal {S}})\), a planar support for \(\mathcal {H}\) is a planar graph G with vertex set X, such that for each hyperedge \(S\in \mathcal {S}\), the subgraph of G induced by the vertices in S is connected. Planar supports for hypergraphs have found several algorithmic applications, including several packing and covering problems, hypergraph coloring, and in hypergraph

Smooth tropical cubic surfaces are parametrized by maximal cones in the unimodular secondary fan of the triple tetrahedron. There are \(344\, 843 \,867\) such cones, organized into a database of \(14\,373\,645\) symmetry classes. The Schläfli fan gives a further refinement of these cones. It reveals all possible patterns of lines on tropical cubic surfaces, thus serving as a combinatorial base space

We initiate the study of no-dimensional versions of classical theorems in convexity. One example is Carathéodory’s theorem without dimension: given an n-element set P in a Euclidean space, a point \(a \in {{\,\mathrm{{\texttt {conv}}}\,}}P\), and an integer \(r \le n\), there is a subset \(Q\subset P\) of r elements such that the distance between a and \({{\,\mathrm{{\texttt {conv}}}\,}}Q\) is less

Motivated by questions from Ehrhart theory, we present new results on discrete equidecomposability. Two rational polygons P and Q are said to be discretely equidecomposable if there exists a piecewise affine-unimodular bijection (equivalently, a piecewise affine-linear bijection that preserves the integer lattice \({\mathbb {Z}}^2\)) from P to Q. We develop an invariant for a particular version of

A string graph is the intersection graph of a family of continuous arcs in the plane. The intersection graph of a family of plane convex sets is a string graph, but not all string graphs can be obtained in this way. We prove the following structure theorem conjectured by Janson and Uzzell: The vertex set of almost all string graphs on n vertices can be partitioned into five cliques such that some pair

Hypertope is a generalization of the concept of polytope, which in turn generalizes the concept of a map and hypermap, to higher rank objects. Regular hypertopes with spherical residues, which we call regular locally spherical hypertopes, must be either of spherical, euclidean, or hyperbolic type. That is, the type-preserving automorphism group of a locally spherical regular hypertope is a quotient

Let \({\mathcal {A}}=\{A_1,\ldots ,A_n\}\) be a family of sets in the plane. For \(0 \le i < n\), denote by \(f_i\) the number of subsets \(\sigma \) of \(\{1,\ldots ,n\}\) of cardinality \(i+1\) that satisfy \(\bigcap _{i \in \sigma } A_i \ne \emptyset \). Let \(k \ge 2\) be an integer. We prove that if each k-wise and \((k{+}1)\)-wise intersection of sets from \({\mathcal {A}}\) is empty, or a single

We investigate a sheaf-theoretic interpretation of stratification learning from geometric and topological perspectives. Our main result is the construction of stratification learning algorithms framed in terms of a sheaf on a partially ordered set with the Alexandroff topology. We prove that the resulting decomposition is the unique minimal stratification for which the strata are homogeneous and the

Let X be a nonempty finite subset of \({\mathbb {R}}^d\) and \(X=\bigcup _{i=1}^m X_i\) a coloring with \(m

We study symmetric non-negative forms and their relationship with symmetric sums of squares. For a fixed number of variables n and degree 2d, symmetric non-negative forms and symmetric sums of squares form closed, convex cones in the vector space of n-variate symmetric forms of degree 2d. Using representation theory of the symmetric group we characterize both cones in a uniform way. Further, we investigate

We consider the X-ray transform in a projective space over a finite field. It is well known (after Bolker) that this transform is injective. We formulate an analog of Gelfand’s admissibility problem for the Radon transform, which asks for a classification of all minimal sets of lines for which the restricted Radon transform is injective. The solution involves doubly ruled quadric surfaces.

An abstract topological graph (briefly an AT-graph) is a pair \(A=(G,{\mathcal {X}})\) where \(G=(V,E)\) is a graph and \({\mathcal {X}}\subseteq {E \atopwithdelims ()2}\) is a set of pairs of its edges. The AT-graph A is simply realizable if G can be drawn in the plane so that each pair of edges from \({\mathcal {X}}\) crosses exactly once and no other pair crosses. We show that simply realizable

In the following we refer to the original paper [1]. The main reason for writing this correction is the incorrect statement.

The paper deals with an inverse problem of reconstructing matrices from their marginal sums. More precisely, we are interested in the existence of \(r\times s\) matrices for which only the following information is available: The entries belong to known subsets of c distinguishable abelian groups, and the row and column sums of all entries from each group are given. This generalizes Ryser’s classical

We define treetopes, a generalization of the three-dimensional roofless polyhedra (Halin graphs) to arbitrary dimensions. Like roofless polyhedra, treetopes have a designated base facet which intersects every face of dimension greater than one in more than one point. We prove an equivalent characterization of the 4-treetopes using the concept of clustered planarity from graph drawing, and we use this

This work is motivated by several basic problems and techniques that rely on space decomposition of arrangements of hyperplanes in high-dimensional spaces, most notably Meiser’s 1993 algorithm (Meiser in Inf Comput 106(2):286–303, 1993) for point location in such arrangements. A standard approach to these problems is via random sampling, in which one draws a random sample of the hyperplanes, constructs

The extremal functions \(\mathrm{{ex}}_{\rightarrow }(n,F)\) and \(\mathrm{{ex}}_{\circlearrowright }(n,F)\) for ordered and convex geometric acyclic graphs F have been extensively investigated by a number of researchers. Basic questions are to determine when \(\mathrm{{ex}}_{\rightarrow }(n,F)\) and \(\mathrm{{ex}}_{\circlearrowright }(n,F)\) are linear in n, the latter posed by Brass–Károlyi–Valtr

Neural codes serve as a language for neurons in the brain. Open (or closed) convex codes, which arise from the pattern of intersections of collections of open (or closed) convex sets in Euclidean space, are of particular relevance to neuroscience. Not every code is open or closed convex, however, and the combinatorial properties of a code that determine its realization by such sets are still poorly

An ordinary circle of a set P of n points in the plane is defined as a circle that contains exactly three points of P. We show that if P is not contained in a line or a circle, then P spans at least [Formula: see text] ordinary circles. Moreover, we determine the exact minimum number of ordinary circles for all sufficiently large n and describe all point sets that come close to this minimum. We also

Using transversality and a dimension reduction argument, a result of Bezdek and Kuperberg is applied to polycylinders, showing that the optimal packing density of [Formula: see text] equals [Formula: see text] for all natural numbers n.

We formulate and prove a periodic analog of Maxwell's theorem relating stressed planar frameworks and their liftings to polyhedral surfaces with spherical topology. We use our lifting theorem to prove deformation and rigidity-theoretic properties for planar periodic pseudo-triangulations, generalizing features known for their finite counterparts. These properties are then applied to questions originating

We consider planar bar-and-joint frameworks with discrete point group symmetry in which the joint positions are as generic as possible subject to the symmetry constraint. We provide combinatorial characterizations for symmetry-forced rigidity of such structures with rotation symmetry or dihedral symmetry of order 2k with odd k, unifying and extending previous work on this subject. We also explore the

This paper extends the scenario of the Four Color Theorem in the following way. Let [Formula: see text] be the set of all [Formula: see text]-uniform hypergraphs that can be (linearly) embedded into [Formula: see text]. We investigate lower and upper bounds on the maximum (weak) chromatic number of hypergraphs in [Formula: see text]. For example, we can prove that for [Formula: see text] there are

We present a novel reconstruction algorithm that, given an input point set sampled from an object S, builds a one-parameter family of complexes that approximate S at different scales. At a high level, our method is very similar in spirit to Chew's surface meshing algorithm, with one notable difference though: the restricted Delaunay triangulation is replaced by the witness complex, which makes our

The order-k Voronoi tessellation of a locally finite set X ⊆ R n decomposes R n into convex domains whose points have the same k nearest neighbors in X. Assuming X is a stationary Poisson point process, we give explicit formulas for the expected number and total area of faces of a given dimension per unit volume of space. We also develop a relaxed version of discrete Morse theory and generalize by

A tower is a sequence of simplicial complexes connected by simplicial maps. We show how to compute a filtration, a sequence of nested simplicial complexes, with the same persistent barcode as the tower. Our approach is based on the coning strategy by Dey et al. (SoCG, 2014). We show that a variant of this approach yields a filtration that is asymptotically only marginally larger than the tower and

The following theorem was conjectured by Erdős and Purdy: Let P be a set of \(n>4\) points in general position in the plane. Suppose that R is a set of points disjoint from P such that every line determined by P passes through a point in R. Then \(|R| \ge n\). In this paper we give a very elegant and elementary proof of this, being a very good candidate for the “book proof” of this conjecture.

We consider geometric and computational measures of complexity for sets of integer vectors, asking for a qualitative difference between f-vectors of simplicial and general d-polytopes, as well as flag f-vectors of d-polytopes and regular CW \((d-1)\)-spheres, for \(d\ge 4\).

We construct near-optimal coresets for kernel density estimates for points in \({\mathbb {R}}^d\) when the kernel is positive definite. Specifically we provide a polynomial time construction for a coreset of size \(O(\sqrt{d}/\varepsilon \cdot \sqrt{\log 1/\varepsilon } )\), and we show a near-matching lower bound of size \(\Omega (\min \{\sqrt{d}/\varepsilon , 1/\varepsilon ^2\})\). When \(d\ge 1/\varepsilon

We provide a constructive, variational proof of Rivin’s realization theorem for ideal hyperbolic polyhedra with prescribed intrinsic metric, which is equivalent to a discrete uniformization theorem for spheres. The same variational method is also used to prove a discrete uniformization theorem of Gu et al. and a corresponding polyhedral realization result of Fillastre. The variational principles involve

For a set A of points in the plane, not all collinear, we denote by \({\mathrm{tr}}(A)\) the number of triangles in a triangulation of A, that is, \({\mathrm{tr}}(A)=2i+b-2\), where b and i are the numbers of boundary and interior points of the convex hull [A] of A respectively. We conjecture the following discrete analog of the Brunn–Minkowski inequality: for any two finite point sets \(A,B\subset

We consider the following capacitated covering problem. We are given a set P of n points and a set \({\mathcal {B}}\) of balls from some metric space, and a positive integer U that represents the capacity of each of the balls in \({\mathcal {B}}\). We would like to compute a subset \({\mathcal {B}}' \subseteq {\mathcal {B}}\) of balls and assign each point in P to some ball in \({\mathcal {B}}'\) that

A pseudocircle is a simple closed curve on some surface; an arrangement of pseudocircles is a collection of pseudocircles that pairwise intersect in exactly two points, at which they cross. Ortner proved that an arrangement of pseudocircles is embeddable into the sphere if and only if all of its subarrangements of size at most four are embeddable into the sphere, and asked if an analogous result holds

In the classical setting, a convex polytope is called semiregular if its facets are regular and its symmetry group is transitive on vertices. This paper continues our study of alternating abstract semiregular polytopes \(\mathcal {S}\). These structures have two kinds of abstract regular facets \(\mathcal {P}\) and \(\mathcal {Q}\), still with combinatorial automorphism group transitive on vertices

The classical 1966 theorem of Tverberg with its numerous variations was and still is a motivating force behind many important developments in convex and computational geometry as well as a testing ground for methods from equivariant algebraic topology. In 2018, Bárány and Soberón presented a new variation, the “Tverberg plus minus theorem.” In this paper, we give a new proof of the Tverberg plus minus

For each \(d\ge 3\), \(n \ge 5\), and \(k_1, k_2, \ldots , k_{d-1}\ge 2\) with \(k_1+k_2+\cdots +k_{d-1}\le n-1\), we show how to construct a regular d-polytope whose automorphism group is of order \(2^n\) and whose Schläfli type is \(\{2^{k_1},2^{k_2}, \ldots , 2^{k_{d-1}}\}\).

We make progress on a number of open problems concerning the area requirement for drawing trees on a grid. We prove that (1) every tree of size n (with arbitrarily large degree) has a straight-line drawing with area \(n2^{O(\sqrt{\log \log n\log \log \log n})}\), improving the longstanding \(O(n\log n)\) bound; (2) every tree of size n (with arbitrarily large degree) has a straight-line upward drawing

Let \(\mathcal {F}\) be a family of convex sets in \({\mathbb {R}}^d,\) which are colored with \(d+1\) colors. We say that \(\mathcal {F}\) satisfies the Colorful Helly Property if every rainbow selection of \(d+1\) sets, one set from each color class, has a non-empty common intersection. The Colorful Helly Theorem of Lovász states that for any such colorful family \(\mathcal {F}\) there is a color

We present an alternate proof of the fact that given any 4-coloring of the plane there exist two points one unit apart which are identically colored.

Let G be a drawing of a graph with n vertices and \(e>4n\) edges, in which no two adjacent edges cross and any pair of independent edges cross at most once. According to the celebrated Crossing Lemma of Ajtai, Chvátal, Newborn, Szemerédi and Leighton, the number of crossings in G is at least \(c\,{e^3\over n^2}\), for a suitable constant \(c>0\). In a seminal paper, Székely generalized this result

It is known that polytopes with at most two nonsimple vertices are reconstructible from their graphs, and that d-polytopes with at most \(d-2\) nonsimple vertices are reconstructible from their 2-skeletons. Here we close the gap between 2 and \(d-2\), showing that certain polytopes with more than two nonsimple vertices are reconstructible from their graphs. In particular, we prove that reconstructibility

A family \(\mathcal {F}\) of sets is said to satisfy the (p, q)-property if among any p sets of \(\mathcal {F}\) some q have a non-empty intersection. The celebrated (p, q)-theorem of Alon and Kleitman asserts that any family of compact convex sets in \(\mathbb {R}^d\) that satisfies the (p, q)-property for some \(q \ge d+1\), can be pierced by a fixed number (independent of the size of the family)

Grünbaum, Barnette, and Reay in 1974 completed the characterization of the pairs \((f_i,f_j)\) of face numbers of 4-dimensional polytopes. Here we obtain a complete characterization of the pairs of flag numbers \((f_0,f_{03})\) for 4-polytopes. Furthermore, we describe the pairs of face numbers \((f_0,f_{d-1})\) for d-polytopes; this description is complete for even \(d\ge 6\) except for finitely many