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Science in Depth IEEE Comput. Graph. Appl. (IF 1.8) Pub Date : 2024-02-12 Ellen Sandor, Stephan Meyers
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Book Reviews [Two books reviewed] IEEE Comput. Graph. Appl. (IF 1.8) Pub Date : 2024-02-12 Stuart Hungerford
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Lightweight 3-D Convolutional Occupancy Networks for Virtual Object Reconstruction IEEE Comput. Graph. Appl. (IF 1.8) Pub Date : 2024-02-06 Claudia Melis Tonti, Lorenzo Papa, Irene Amerini
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Visualization for Trust in Machine Learning Revisited: The State of the Field in 2023 IEEE Comput. Graph. Appl. (IF 1.8) Pub Date : 2024-01-31 Angelos Chatzimparmpas, Kostiantyn Kucher, Andreas Kerren
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How Text-to-Image Generative AI is Transforming Mediated Action IEEE Comput. Graph. Appl. (IF 1.8) Pub Date : 2024-01-29 Henriikka Vartiainen, Matti Tedre
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EIC's Editorial IEEE Comput. Graph. Appl. (IF 1.8) Pub Date : 2024-01-26 André Stork
Dear readers, welcome to the New Year. I hope you started 2024 well and I wish you all the best for the months ahead!
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Interactive Visualization in Applications IEEE Comput. Graph. Appl. (IF 1.8) Pub Date : 2024-01-25 Christina Gillmann, Johanna Schmidt, Daniel Wiegreffe
Interactive visualization empowers users to actively engage with data. This article introduces interactive visualization’s key features and its applications in data analysis, business, science, and journalism. It also highlights challenges, including scalability, complexity, and user engagement, and discusses how two applications address these issues. Despite these challenges, interactive visualization
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New Insights in Smooth Occluding Contours for Nonphotorealistic Rendering IEEE Comput. Graph. Appl. (IF 1.8) Pub Date : 2024-01-25 Aaron Hertzmann
Computing occluding contours is often a crucial step in stroke-based artistic 3-D stylization for movies, video games, and visualizations. However, many existing applications use only simple curve stylization techniques, such as thin black lines or hand-animated strokes. This is because sophisticated procedural stylization requires accurate curve topology, which has long been an unsolved research problem
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All That Data Jazz IEEE Comput. Graph. Appl. (IF 1.8) Pub Date : 2024-01-25 Gary Singh
When Kirell Benzi was a young Ph.D. student at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL), friends asked him questions like, “What are you working on these days?” To answer, Benzi began to scribble equations on a whiteboard, but then realized people had only asked out of courtesy. They really were not expecting him to elaborate on network science.
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Wildfire, Snow, and, Panoramic Ray Tracing IEEE Comput. Graph. Appl. (IF 1.8) Pub Date : 2024-01-25 André Stork, Chi-Wing Fu
The current issue features three articles from our regular queue that cover a range of topics in visualization, rendering, and mixed reality (MR), including interactive visual analytics, ray tracing, appearance rendering, and augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) technologies. These three articles complement the two articles that constitute the half Special Issue.
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A Workflow to Visually Assess Interobserver Variability in Medical Image Segmentation IEEE Comput. Graph. Appl. (IF 1.8) Pub Date : 2024-01-25 Hannah Clara Bayat, Manuela Waldner, Renata G. Raidou
We introduce a workflow for the visual assessment of interobserver variability in medical image segmentation. Image segmentation is a crucial step in the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of many diseases. Despite the advancements in autosegmentation, clinical practice widely relies on manual delineations performed by radiologists. Our work focuses on designing a solution for understanding the radiologists’
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Using Counterfactuals to Improve Causal Inferences From Visualizations IEEE Comput. Graph. Appl. (IF 1.8) Pub Date : 2024-01-25 David Borland, Arran Zeyu Wang, David Gotz
Traditional approaches to data visualization have often focused on comparing different subsets of data, and this is reflected in the many techniques developed and evaluated over the years for visual comparison. Similarly, common workflows for exploratory visualization are built upon the idea of users interactively applying various filter and grouping mechanisms in search of new insights. This paradigm
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Testing the Capability of AI Art Tools for Urban Design IEEE Comput. Graph. Appl. (IF 1.8) Pub Date : 2024-01-19 Connor Phillips, Junfeng Jiao, Emmalee Clubb
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NeRF-In: Free-Form Inpainting for Pretrained NeRF With RGB-D Priors. IEEE Comput. Graph. Appl. (IF 1.8) Pub Date : 2023-11-28 I-Chao Shen,Hao-Kang Liu,Bing-Yu Chen
Neural Radiance Field (NeRF) has emerged as a versatile scene representation. However, it is still unintuitive to edit a pretrained NeRF because the network parameters and the scene appearance are often not explicitly associated. In this paper, we introduce the first framework that enables users to retouch undesired regions in a pretrained NeRF scene without accessing any training data and category-specific
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EIC's Editorial IEEE Comput. Graph. Appl. (IF 1.8) Pub Date : 2023-11-07 André Stork
Dear readers, this is the last IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications (IEEE CG&A) issue of 2023. It marks the end of my first year as EIC. Unbelievable how time flies, but, wow, what a year for me, and hopefully for you as well!
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Open Density IEEE Comput. Graph. Appl. (IF 1.8) Pub Date : 2023-11-06 Gary Singh
When the pandemic hit, Alasdair Rae was teaching urban planning in Sheffield, England, writing papers on global population density and consulting on the side. His department needed to downsize, so he took a voluntary redundancy.
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Visualization in the Wild IEEE Comput. Graph. Appl. (IF 1.8) Pub Date : 2023-11-06 Christina Gillmann, Johanna Schmidt, Daniel Wiegreffe
Visualization approaches have been successfully applied to a variety of application fields. Continuously published novel visualization approaches reflect the need for and success of visualization approaches. However, when looking at visualization techniques that designers apply in real-world applications targeted at a larger user group (e.g., medical experts, engineers, journalists, and public authorities)
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Quantum Computing and Visualization: A Disruptive Technological Change Ahead IEEE Comput. Graph. Appl. (IF 1.8) Pub Date : 2023-11-06 E. Wes Bethel, Mercy G. Amankwah, Jan Balewski, Roel Van Beeumen, Daan Camps, Daniel Huang, Talita Perciano
The focus of this Visualization Viewpoints article is to provide some background on quantum computing (QC), to explore ideas related to how visualization helps in understanding QC, and examine how QC might be useful for visualization with the growth and maturation of both technologies in the future. In a quickly evolving technology landscape, QC is emerging as a promising pathway to overcome the growth
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The Curse of Performative User Studies IEEE Comput. Graph. Appl. (IF 1.8) Pub Date : 2023-11-06 Aaron Hertzmann
Computer graphics research frequently evaluates research outputs with user studies, often through online crowdworking platforms. When performed carefully and thoughtfully, studies on human behavior and preferences provide valuable insights, useful for both developing and evaluating new tools. Yet, I argue that many of the current studies are performative: they result from reviewers’ expectation that
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The Making of a Newspaper Interview in Virtual Reality: Realistic Avatars, Philosophy, and Sushi IEEE Comput. Graph. Appl. (IF 1.8) Pub Date : 2023-11-06 Ramon Oliva, Alejandro Beacco, Jaime Gallego, Raul Gallego Abellan, Mel Slater
VR United is a virtual reality application that we have developed to support multiple people simultaneously interacting in the same environment. Each person is represented with a virtual body that looks like themselves. Such immersive shared environments have existed and been the subject of research for the past 30 years. Here, we demonstrate how VR United meets criteria for successful interaction
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JNZNBRK: Physical Experiments in Light, Modulation, and Substrate IEEE Comput. Graph. Appl. (IF 1.8) Pub Date : 2023-11-06 Kyle Janzen, Chris Burke, Bruce D. Campbell, Francesca Samsel
We requested an interview with the Winnipeg-based JNZNBRK art collaborative upon being curious about their work process. The artwork they present on jnznbrk.com suggested a thoughtful aesthetic involving compelling physical exhibits. As we are always interested in the physicalization of data, we were keen to hear about possible considerations that might contribute as relevant to our, and our readers'
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On Raising a Virtual Human IEEE Comput. Graph. Appl. (IF 1.8) Pub Date : 2023-11-06 Norman I. Badler
I have been fortunate to have experienced and contributed to the software development of virtual humans. Whether they are Avatars, Conversational Agents, game NPCs, or Virtual Influencers, they all have origins in computer graphics (CG). Indeed, the “DNA” of these human models encompasses a large set of CG component technologies including 3-D modeling, animation techniques, and interactive systems
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2022/2023 IEEE CG&A Awards IEEE Comput. Graph. Appl. (IF 1.8) Pub Date : 2023-11-06 Chi-Wing Fu, André Stork
In this column, Chi-Wing (Philip) Fu—our Associate Editor-in-Chief (AEIC) for regular papers—and I as Editor-in-Chief (EIC) honor a number of people for their outstanding contribution to IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications (CG&A) in the years 2022 and 2023.
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“Feels Like an Indie Game”—Evaluation of a Virtual Field Trip Prototype on Radioactive Waste Management Research for University Education IEEE Comput. Graph. Appl. (IF 1.8) Pub Date : 2023-10-27 Nico Graebling, Melanie Althaus, Özgür Ozan Şen, Thomas Reimann, Tuanny Cajuhi, Gerik Scheuermann, Olaf Kolditz, Karsten Rink
This article describes the design and evaluation of a virtual field trip on the topic of radioactive waste management research for university education. We created an interactive virtual tour through the Mont Terri underground research laboratory by enhancing the virtual experiment information system, designed for domain experts, with background information, illustrations, tasks, tests, and an improved
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Panoramic Ray Tracing for Interactive Mixed Reality Rendering Based on 360° RGBD Video IEEE Comput. Graph. Appl. (IF 1.8) Pub Date : 2023-10-25 Jian Wu, Lili Wang
This article presents an interactive panoramic ray tracing method for rendering real-time realistic lighting and shadow effects when virtual objects are inserted in 360$^{\circ }$∘ RGBD videos. First, we approximate the geometry of the real scene. We propose a sparse sampling ray generation method to speed up the tracing process by reducing the number of rays that need to be emitted in ray tracing
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Lexcube: Interactive Visualization of Large Earth System Data Cubes IEEE Comput. Graph. Appl. (IF 1.8) Pub Date : 2023-10-09 Maximilian Söchting, Miguel D. Mahecha, David Montero, Gerik Scheuermann
Many subsystems of Earth are constantly monitored in space and time and undergo continuous anthropogenic interventions. However, research into this transformation remains largely inaccessible to the public due to the complexity of the Big Data generated by models and Earth observation. To overcome this barrier, we present the Leipzig Explorer of Earth Data Cubes (lexcube.org), an interactive Earth
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Grand Challenges in Visual Analytics Applications IEEE Comput. Graph. Appl. (IF 1.8) Pub Date : 2023-09-15 Aoyu Wu, Dazhen Deng, Min Chen, Shixia Liu, Daniel Keim, Ross Maciejewski, Silvia Miksch, Hendrik Strobelt, Fernanda Viégas, Martin Wattenberg
In the past two decades, research in visual analytics (VA) applications has made tremendous progress, not just in terms of scientific contributions, but also in real-world impact across wide-ranging domains including bioinformatics, urban analytics, and explainable AI. Despite these success stories, questions on the rigor and value of VA application research have emerged as a grand challenge. This
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Causal Quartets to the Rescue IEEE Comput. Graph. Appl. (IF 1.8) Pub Date : 2023-09-14 Gary Singh
Jessica Hullman's award-winning work explores how to combine human reasoning with data-driven representation and even build software to help others do the same. Currently an Associate Professor of Computer Science at Northwestern, she publishes prolifically and often speaks on topics related to visualizing uncertainty.
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EIC's Editorial IEEE Comput. Graph. Appl. (IF 1.8) Pub Date : 2023-09-14 André Stork
Dear readers, by the time of writing these lines, our July/August SIGGRAPH Special Issue has just appeared, SIGGRAPH is still 3 weeks ahead of us, and we are curious to read your SIGGRAPH stories on our LinkedIn channel (https://www.linkedin.com/company/ieeecga). As a reader of IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications (IEEE CG&A), you are surely aware of the fact that the entire 69-page Special Issue
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Visualization and Decision Making Design Under Uncertainty IEEE Comput. Graph. Appl. (IF 1.8) Pub Date : 2023-09-14 Nadia Boukhelifa, Chris R. Johnson, Kristin Potter
Uncertainty is an important aspect to data understanding. Without awareness of the variability, error, or reliability of a dataset, the ability to make decisions on that data is limited. However, practices around uncertainty visualization remain domain-specific, rooted in convention, and in many instances, absent entirely. Part of the reason for this may be a lack of established guidelines for navigating
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First Insights Into INTUIT: An INteractive Tactile Physicalization for User Interpretation of RADAR Technology IEEE Comput. Graph. Appl. (IF 1.8) Pub Date : 2023-09-14 Hessam Djavaherpour, Lynn Moorman, Faramarz Samavati, Yvonne Jansen
The changing climate and increasingly unpredictable sea ice conditions have created life-threatening risks for Inuit, the residents of the Arctic, who depend on the ice for transportation and livelihood. In response, they are turning to technology (e.g., RADAR imagery from the Canadian RADARSAT satellite) to augment their traditional knowledge of the ice and to map potential hazards. The difficulty
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Using Computer Graphics to Make Science Visible in Engineering Education IEEE Comput. Graph. Appl. (IF 1.8) Pub Date : 2023-09-14 Charles Xie, Xiaotong Ding, Rundong Jiang
Science plays a crucial role in engineering. But science tends to be obscure to students, especially when they are overwhelmed by complex engineering design challenges that involve many variables. This article shows how computer graphics can be used to visualize science concepts and operationalize inquiry practices in engineering design to support integrated learning and teaching of science and engineering
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How to Evaluate If Collaborative Augmented Reality Speaks to Its Users IEEE Comput. Graph. Appl. (IF 1.8) Pub Date : 2023-09-14 Bernardo Marques, Samuel Silva, Paulo Dias, Beatriz Sousa Santos
Augmented reality (AR) is increasingly considered to support scenarios of co-located and remote collaboration. Thus far, the core goal has been advancing the supporting technologies and assessing how they perform to inform design and development, thus providing support toward their maturity. Nevertheless, while understanding the performance and impact of supporting technology is indisputable groundwork
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Cuttlefish: Pushing the Limits of Graphical 3-D Printing IEEE Comput. Graph. Appl. (IF 1.8) Pub Date : 2023-09-14 Alan Brunton, Philipp Urban
This article presents Cuttlefish, a 3-D printer driver developed at the Fraunhofer Institute for Computer Graphics Research IGD. Cuttlefish maximizes the reproduction quality of shape and appearance in multimaterial 3-D printing systems. It controls various printing systems and material sets, including color, transparent, and flexible materials. The article provides an overview of Cuttlefish’s graphical
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Nathan Selikoff: Explorations in Higher Dimensionality and Complexity IEEE Comput. Graph. Appl. (IF 1.8) Pub Date : 2023-09-14 Nathan Selikoff, Bruce D. Campbell, Francesca Samsel
While data scientists pursue new extremes of high-dimensional data, and data visualization professionals attempt to visualize within that space, Nathan Selikoff's work suggested a unique perspective on relationship among complexity, higher dimensions, and sensing what otherwise cannot be sensed. His long-tailed pursuit of visualizing complexity piqued our interest as we interviewed him for this article
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The Challenge of Interdisciplinarity at the Intersection of Groundwater Management and Visualization Research IEEE Comput. Graph. Appl. (IF 1.8) Pub Date : 2023-09-06 Laura Lotteraner, Thilo Hofmann, Torsten Möller
This design study presents an analysis and abstraction of temporal and spatial data, and workflows in the domain of hydrogeology and the design and development of an interactive visualization prototype. Developed in close collaboration with a group of hydrogeological researchers, the interface supports them in data exploration, selection of data for their numerical model calibration, and communication
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2022 IEEE Scientific Visualization Contest Winner: Multifield Analysis of Vorticity-Driven Lateral Spread in Wildfire Ensembles IEEE Comput. Graph. Appl. (IF 1.8) Pub Date : 2023-08-30 Gabriel Borrelli, Lars Hagemann, Jannik Steinkühler, Adrian Derstroff, Marina Evers, Karim Huesmann, Simon Leistikow, Hennes Rave, Reyhaneh Sabbagh Gol, Lars Linsen
We present an interactive visual analysis tool for analyzing the spread of wildfires and what influences their evolution. Multiple time-varying 3-D scalar and vector fields are investigated and related to each other to identify causes of atypical fire spread. We present a visual analysis approach that allows for a comparative analysis of multiple runs of a simulation ensemble on different levels of
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Rendering the Bluish Appearance of Snow: When Light Transmission Matters IEEE Comput. Graph. Appl. (IF 1.8) Pub Date : 2023-08-29 Petri M. Varsa, Gladimir V. G. Baranoski
Material appearance is largely determined by complex light attenuation processes. The distinct bluish colorations that can be observed when light is transmitted through snow are among the most striking outcomes of these processes. In this article, we present a method for the predictive rendering of this phenomenon taking into account the variability of snow’s physical and morphological characteristics
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Sports Visualization in the Wild: The Impact of Technical Factors on User Experience in Augmented Reality Sports Spectating IEEE Comput. Graph. Appl. (IF 1.8) Pub Date : 2023-08-28 Wei Hong Lo, Holger Regenbrecht, Stefanie Zollmann
The maturity of augmented reality (AR) technology allows for expansion into real-world applications, including visualizations for on-site sports spectating. However, it is crucial to understand the factors influencing user experience in AR applications. To optimize user experience, we conducted a user study where participants adjusted parameters to determine noticeable and disruptive values of latency
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SunScreen: Visual Fault Detection for Solar-Thermal Systems IEEE Comput. Graph. Appl. (IF 1.8) Pub Date : 2023-08-28 Lukas Feierl, Torsten Möller, Peter Luidolt
Fault detection is essential to ensure the proper operation of solar-thermal plants. Hence, monitoring personnel frequently analyze the data to detect unusual behavior. While visualization approaches may considerably support the monitoring of personnel during their work, no existing application can yet deal with the multivariate and time-dependent sensor data, or does not fully support the users’ workflow
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Identifying Visualization Opportunities to Help Architects Manage the Complexity of Building Codes IEEE Comput. Graph. Appl. (IF 1.8) Pub Date : 2023-08-23 Stan Nowak, Bon Adriel Aseniero, Lyn Bartram, Tovi Grossman, George Fitzmaurice, Justin Matejka
We report a study investigating the viability of using interactive visualizations to aid architectural design with building codes. While visualizations have been used to support general architectural design exploration, existing computational solutions treat building codes as separate from, rather than part of, the design process, creating challenges for architects. Through a series of participatory
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Exploring the Design Space of Three Criteria Decision Making IEEE Comput. Graph. Appl. (IF 1.8) Pub Date : 2023-08-22 Yu Jin, Laura Koesten, Torsten Möller
This article presents different interface designs of sliders to support decision-making problems with three criteria. We present an exploration of the design space through an iterative development process with eight prototypes and the results of several evaluation studies with visualization experts and nonexperts. Our findings show three candidates for consideration: a standard ternary triangular slider
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A Taxonomy of Uncertainty Events in Visual Analytics IEEE Comput. Graph. Appl. (IF 1.8) Pub Date : 2023-08-18 Christina Gillmann, Robin Georg Claus Maack, Felix Raith, Juan F. Pérez, Gerik Scheuermann
Visual analytics (VA) has become a standard tool to process and analyze data visually to generate novel insights. Unfortunately, each component can introduce uncertainty in the visual analytics process. These uncertainty events can originate from many effects and need to be differentiated. In this work, we propose a taxonomy of potential uncertainty events in the visual analytics cycle. Here, we structure
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Integrated Augmented and Virtual Reality Technologies for Realistic Fire Drill Training. IEEE Comput. Graph. Appl. (IF 1.8) Pub Date : 2023-08-16 Hosan Kang,Jinseong Yang,Beom-Seok Ko,Bo-Seong Kim,Oh-Young Song,Soo-Mi Choi
In this paper, we propose a novel fire drill training system designed specifically to integrate augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) technologies into a single head-mounted display device to provide realistic as well as safe and diverse experiences. Applying hybrid AR/VR technologies in fire drill training may be beneficial because they can overcome limitations such as space-time constraints
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A Generic Interactive Membership Function for Categorization of Quantities IEEE Comput. Graph. Appl. (IF 1.8) Pub Date : 2023-08-03 Liqun Liu, Romain Vuillemot
The membership function is to categorize quantities along with a confidence degree. This article investigates a generic user interaction based on this function for categorizing various types of quantities without modification, which empowers users to articulate uncertainty categorization and enhance their visual data analysis significantly. We present the technique design and an online prototype, supplementing
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Visualizing Uncertainty in Sets IEEE Comput. Graph. Appl. (IF 1.8) Pub Date : 2023-08-01 Christian Tominski, Michael Behrisch, Susanne Bleisch, Sara Irina Fabrikant, Eva Mayr, Silvia Miksch, Helen Purchase
Set visualization facilitates the exploration and analysis of set-type data. However, how sets should be visualized when the data are uncertain is still an open research challenge. To address the problem of depicting uncertainty in set visualization, we ask 1) which aspects of set type data can be affected by uncertainty and 2) which characteristics of uncertainty influence the visualization design
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Numerical and Visual Representations of Uncertainty Lead to Different Patterns of Decision Making IEEE Comput. Graph. Appl. (IF 1.8) Pub Date : 2023-08-01 Laura E. Matzen, Breannan C. Howell, Michael C. S. Trumbo, Kristin M. Divis
Although visualizations are a useful tool for helping people to understand information, they can also have unintended effects on human cognition. This is especially true for uncertain information, which is difficult for people to understand. Prior work has found that different methods of visualizing uncertain information can produce different patterns of decision making from users. However, uncertainty
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Long Live SIGGRAPH! IEEE Comput. Graph. Appl. (IF 1.8) Pub Date : 2023-07-11 Gary Singh
When SIGGRAPH holds its 50th conference this year, it will be Dave Kasik's 50th SIGGRAPH conference. He is the only person to have attended every single one.