Applications like customer identification from their peculiar purchase patterns require class-wise discriminative feature subsets called as class signatures for classification. If the classifiers like KNN, SVM, etc. which require to work with a complete feature set, are applied to such applications, then the entire feature set may introduce errors in the classification. Decision tree classifier generates

Cross-modal hashing has attracted considerable attention as it can implement rapid cross-modal retrieval through mapping data of different modalities into a common Hamming space. With the development of deep learning, more and more cross-modal hashing methods based on deep learning are proposed. However, most of these methods use a small batch to train a model. The large batch training can get better

Software security vulnerabilities and leakages of private information are two of the main issues in modern software systems. Several different approaches, ranging from design techniques to run-time monitoring, have been applied to prevent, detect and isolate such vulnerabilities. Static taint analysis has been particularly successful in detecting injection vulnerabilities at compile time. However,

Business process specified in Business Process Execution Language (BPEL), which integrates existing services to develop composite service for offering more complicated function, is error-prone. Verification and testing are necessary to ensure the correctness of business processes. SPIN, for which the input language is PROcess MEta-LAnguage (Promela), is one of the most popular tools for detecting software

Design patterns are generic solutions to common programming problems. Design patterns represent a typical example of design reuse. However, implementing design patterns can lead to several problems, such as programming overhead and traceability. Existing research introduced several approaches to alleviate the implementation issues of design patterns. Nevertheless, existing approaches pose different

The runtime environment and workload of software are constantly changing, requiring users to make appropriate adjustments to accommodate these changes. The runtime configuration, however, as the interface for users to manipulate software behavior often requires domain-specific knowledge to understand. This usually results in users spending a considerable amount of time wading through document and user

Bad smells represent imperfection in the design of the software system and trigger the urge to refactor the source code. The quality of object-oriented software has always been a major concern for the developer team and refactoring techniques help them to focus on this aspect by transforming the code in a way such that the behavior of the software can be preserved. Rigorous research has been done in

Code clone serves as a typical programming manner that reuses the existing code to solve similar programming problems, which greatly facilitates software development but recurs program bugs and maintenance costs. Recently, deep learning-based detection approaches gradually present their effectiveness on feature representation and detection performance. Among them, deep learning approaches based on

Together with the spread of DevOps practices and container technologies, Microservice Architecture has become a mainstream architecture style in recent years. Resilience is a key characteristic in Microservice Architecture (MSA) Systems, and it shows the ability to cope with various kinds of system disturbances which cause degradations of services. However, due to lack of consensus definition of resilience

The heterogeneous defect prediction (HDP) technique can predict defects in a target company using heterogeneous metric data from external company, which has received substantial research attention. However, existing HDP methods assume that source data is labeled but labeling data is expensive. Semi-supervised defect prediction technique can perform defect prediction with few labeled data. In this paper

The software security issue is being paid great attention from the software development community as security violations have emerged variously. Developers often use access control techniques to restrict some security breaches to software systems’ resources. The addition of authorization constraints to the role-based access control model increases the ability to express access rules in real-world problems

The selection of variables in a given experiment is crucial, since it is the theoretical foundation that guides how data should be collected and analyzed. However, selecting variables is an intricate activity, especially considering areas such as Software Engineering and Education, whose studies should also consider human-related variables in the design. In this scenario, we aim to investigate how

Problem: Modern systems contain parts that are themselves systems. Such complex systems thus have sets of subsystems that have their own variability. These subsystems contribute to the functionality of a whole system-of-systems (SoS). Such systems have a very high degree of variability. Therefore, a modeling technique for the variability of an entire SoS is required to express two different levels

Fault localization techniques aim to localize faulty statements using the information gathered from both passed and failed test cases. We present a mutation-based fault localization technique called MuSim. MuSim identifies the faulty statement based on its computed proximity to different mutants. We study the performance of MuSim by using four different similarity metrics. To satisfactorily measure

In Model Driven Software Engineering (MDSE), Action Language for Foundational UML (ALF) is a new standard for specifying the structure and behavior of a system textually. To update/transform existing systems with respect to advance business needs and/or by the change in the dependent technology, this standard can play a vital role in reverse engineering a system for technology change. In this paper

With an increasing number of Geographical Information System (GIS) services publicly available on the Web, the discovery of composite GIS services is promising when novel requirements are to be satisfied. GIS services in the repository like ArcGIS software are organized in a tree hierarchy, where a parent node represents a categorial GIS service with a coarser-granularity than its child GIS services

How to make an accurate evaluation of the quality of pension service has become the most important task. However, in the real world, many customs always forget to rate pension service. They only leave a few short, less semantic, and discontinuous review words below the service. This paper will propose an effective multi-dimension attention convolutional neural networks (MACNNs) model to analyze customer

Information service is always a hot topic especially when the Web is accessible anywhere. In university, lecture information is very important for students and teachers who want to take part in academic meetings. Therefore, lecture news extraction is an important and imperative task. Many open information extraction methods have been proposed, but due to the high heterogeneity of websites, this task

Urban region functions are the types of potential activities in an urban region, such as residence, commerce, transportation, entertainment, etc. A service which mines urban region functions is of great value for various applications, including urban planning and transportation management, etc. Many studies have been carried out to dig out different regions’ functions, but few studies are based on

Internet of Things (IoT) devices built on different processor architectures have increasingly become targets of adversarial attacks. In this paper, we propose an algorithm for the malware classification problem of the IoT domain to deal with the increasingly severe IoT security threats. Application executions are represented by sequences of consecutive API calls. The time series of data is analyzed

Shared resources on the multicore chip, such as main memory, are increasingly becoming a point of contention. Traditional real-time task scheduling policies focus on solely on the CPU, and do not take in account memory access and cache effects. In this paper, we propose parallel real-time tasks scheduling (PRTTS) policy on multicore platforms. Each set of tasks is represented as a directed acyclic

Context and motivation: Multiple-viewed requirements modeling method describes the system to-be from different perspectives. Some requirements models are then specified in various UML diagrams. Question/problem: Managing those models can be tedious and error-prone, since a lot of CASE tools provide poor support for reasoning and consistency checking. Principal ideas/results: Ontology is a formal notation

Software defect prediction is an effective approach to save testing resources and improve software quality, which is widely studied in the field of software engineering. The effort-aware just-in-time software defect prediction (JIT-SDP) aims to identify defective software changes in limited software testing resources. Although many methods have been proposed to solve the JIT-SDP, the effort-aware prediction

Mutation testing is a successful and powerful technique, specifically designed for injecting the artificial faults. Although it is effective at revealing the faults, test suite assessment and its reduction, however, suffer from the expense of executing a large number of mutants. The researchers have proposed different types of cost reduction techniques in the literature. These techniques highly depend

Mutation testing is well known as one of the most effective approaches to create test cases, which can detect software faults. However, its drawback is the low scalability — if no special attention is given to improve efficiency — that directly affects its application in practice. This paper shows a replication study focused on emphasizing evidence in which the use of distributed processing structures

As a quantum counterpart of labeled transition system (LTS), quantum labeled transition system (QLTS) is a powerful formalism for modeling quantum programs or protocols, and gives a categorical understanding for quantum computation. With the help of quantum branching monad, QLTS provides a framework extending some ideas in non-deterministic or probabilistic systems to quantum systems. On the other

In the world of the Internet of Things (IoT), heterogeneous systems and devices need to be connected and exchange data with others. How data exchange can be automatically realized becomes a critical issue. An information model (IM) is frequently adopted and utilized to solve the data interoperability problem. Meanwhile, as IoT systems and devices can have different IMs with different modeling methodologies

Software product line engineering (SPLE) is a paradigm to promote systematic software reuse. A Feature Model (FM) is a common means to illustrate the commonality and variability of software products in a family. In most existing FM extraction approaches, keywords in the requirement document or certain types of system behavior or external events are considered features. The resulting FM is a combination

Third-party libraries always evolve and produce multiple versions. Lucene, for example, released ten new versions (from version 7.7.0 to 8.4.0) in 2019. These versions confuse the existing code search methods to retrieve the source code that is not compatible with local programming language. To solve this issue, we propose DCSE, a deep code search model based on evolving information (i.e. evolved code

Component-based software development (CBSD) is an efficient approach used by software developers to develop new software. The commercial off the shelf (COTS) and open-source software (OSS) are two styles to implement CBSD. The COTS provides the interface and depicts the black-box behavior, but does not support several software quality characteristics. On the other hard, OSS is a more efficient approach

Mobile and web applications must operate and be displayed correctly on many different devices and browsers. The visual testing of web or mobile applications is usually a manual process that requires a significant amount of testing time, meaning that applications are tested only on a few devices. It is then assumed that the applications will be displayed correctly on other compatible or similar devices

Development without any defect is unsubstantial. Timely detection of software defects favors the proper resource utilization saving time, effort and money. With the increasing size and complexity of software, demand for accurate and efficient prediction models is increasing. Recently, search-based techniques (SBTs) have fascinated many researchers for Software Defect Prediction (SDP). The goal of this

One of the main aims in the layered software architecture is to divide the code into different layers so that each layer contains related modules and serves its upper layers. Although layered software architecture is matured now; many legacy information systems do not benefit from the advantages of this architecture and their code for the process/business and data access are mostly in a single layer

The purpose of influence maximization problem is to select a small seed set to maximize the number of nodes influenced by the seed set. For viral marketing, the problem of influence maximization plays a vital role. Current works mainly focus on the unsigned social networks, which include only positive relationship between users. However, the influence maximization in the signed social networks including

Paying-off the Architectural Technical Debt by refactoring the flawed code is important to control the debt and to keep it as low as possible. Project Managers tend to delay paying off this debt because they face difficulties in comparing the cost of the refactoring against the benefits gained. These managers need to estimate the cost and the efforts required to conduct these refactoring activities

Data, information, knowledge, and wisdom forms a progressive relationship. Information is formed by data collation. Knowledge is filtered, refined, and processed from relevant information. Wisdom is based on knowledge and is accumulated through experience. This paper uses the progressive relationship of service data, information, knowledge, and wisdom to explain the expression of service knowledge

Design pattern detection can provide useful insights to support software comprehension. Accurate and complete detection of pattern instances are extremely important to enable software usability improvements. However, existing design pattern detection approaches and tools suffer from the following problems: incomplete description of design pattern instances, inaccurate behavioral constraint checking

Question Answering systems over Knowledge Graphs (KG) answer natural language questions using facts contained in a knowledge graph, and Simple Question Answering over Knowledge Graphs (KG-SimpleQA) means that the question can be answered by a single fact. Entity linking, which is a core component of KG-SimpleQA, detects the entities mentioned in questions, and links them to the actual entity in KG

When encountering bug issues, developers tend to search the bug repository and commit repository for references. However, the links between bug reports and commits in version control systems are often missed, and the information in bug repository and commit repository can provide is simple. When developers search a bug issue, they can only get the information of bug reports or commits, which are loose

Do developers postpone fixing Technical Debt (TD) in software systems? TD is a metaphor that refers to short-term decisions in software development that may affect the cost of the software development life cycle. The bad smell is an imperfect solution in the software system that negatively impacts the internal software quality and maintainability. In this paper, we will study five open-source software

Business-to-Business (B-to-B) software development companies develop services to satisfy their customers’ requirements. Developers should prioritize customer satisfaction because customers greatly influence agile software development. However, satisfying current customer’s requirements may not fulfill actual users or future customers’ requirements because customers’ requirements are not always derived

Significant effort is being put into developing industrial applications for artificial intelligence (AI), especially those using machine learning (ML) techniques. Despite the intensive support for building ML applications, there are still challenges when it comes to evaluating, assuring, and improving the quality or dependability. The difficulty stems from the unique nature of ML, namely, system behavior

Software effort estimation models are typically developed based on an underlying assumption that all data points are equally relevant to the prediction of effort for future projects. The dynamic nature of several aspects of the software engineering process could mean that this assumption does not hold in at least some cases. This study employs three kernel estimator functions to test the stationarity

Modern compilers provide a huge number of optional compilation optimization options. It is necessary to select the appropriate compilation optimization options for different programs or applications. To mitigate this problem, machine learning is widely used as an efficient technology. How to ensure the integrity and effectiveness of program information is the key to problem mitigation. In addition

Software dynamic birthmark techniques construct birthmarks using the captured execution traces from running the programs, which serve as one of the most promising methods for obfuscation-resilient software plagiarism detection. However, due to the perturbation caused by non-deterministic thread scheduling in multi-threaded programs, such dynamic approaches optimized for sequential programs may suffer

The activeness of regional business entities, like restaurants, cinemas and shopping malls, represents the evolvement of their corresponding commercial districts, whose prediction helps practitioners grasp the trend of commercial development and provides support for urban layout. On the other hand, online social network services, such as Yelp, are generating massive online reviews toward business entities

Stack Overflow is the most popular programming question and answer community that continuously receives a large number of questions every day. To ensure the quality of questions, the community grants privileges for the moderators and a group of experienced users to review the quality of questions and close the low-quality ones (e.g. duplicate or irrelevant questions). The review process is a typical

In recent years, the amount of user check-in data has significantly increased on social network platforms. Such data is an ideal source for characterizing user behaviors and identifying similar users, contributing to many research areas (e.g. user-based collaborative filtering). However, existing trajectory-based user similarity analysis approaches do not distinguish the effects of geographical factors

With the development of Web 2.0, social media such as Twitter and Sina Weibo have become an essential platform for disseminating hot events. Simultaneously, due to the free policy of microblogging services, users can post user-generated content freely on microblogging platforms. Accordingly, more and more hot events on microblogging platforms have been labeled as spammers. Spammers will not only hurt

Both complexity of code change for bug fixing and bug severity play an important role in release planning when considering which bugs should be fixed in a specific release under certain constraints. This work investigates whether there are significant differences between bugs of different severity levels regarding the complexity of code change for fixing the bugs. Code change complexity is measured

Spiking Neuron Network (SNN) uses spike sequence for data processing, so it has an excellent characteristic of low power consumption. However, due to the immaturity of learning algorithm, the multiplayer network training has difficulty in convergence. Utilizing the mature learning algorithm and fast training speed of the back-propagation network, this paper proposes a method to converse the Convolutional

Selecting a framework and documenting the rationale for choosing it is an essential task for system architects. Different framework selection approaches have been proposed in the literature. However, none of these connect frameworks to qualities based on their implemented patterns and tactics. In this paper, we propose a way to semi-automatically compare the quality attributes of frameworks by extracting

The distributed multiple autonomous network has become the main trend of modern information systems, such as Cloud, Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) and Internet of Things (IoT). Access control in such a heterogeneous and dynamic system has become a major information security challenge, which hinders the sharing of resources and information. In this work, we present an Attribute-Based Access Control

The unrelenting trend of larger and larger sizes of Software Systems and data has made software comprehensibility an increasingly difficult problem. However, a tacit consensus that human understanding of software is essential for most software related activities, stimulated software developers to embed comprehensibility in their systems’ design. On the other hand, recent empirical successes of Deep

Well-designed software systems, with providers only modules, have been rigorously obtained by algebraic procedures from the software Laplacian Matrices or their respective Modularity Matrices. However, a complete view of the whole software system should display, besides provider relationships, also consumer relationships. Consumers may have two different roles in a system: either internal or external

This paper introduces a mechanism to recover traceability links between the requirements and logical models in the context of critical systems development. Currently, lifecycle processes are covered by a good number of tools that are used to generate different types of artifacts. One of the cornerstone capabilities in the development of critical systems lies in the possibility of automatically recovery

This paper presents a novel method to infer regular expressions from positive examples. The method consists of a candidate’s construction phase and an optimization phase. We first propose multiscaling sample augmentation to capture the cycle patterns from single examples during the candidate’s construction phase. We then use common substrings to build regular expressions that capture patterns across

The paper describes how to formally specify three path finding algorithms in Maude, a rewriting logic-based programming/specification language, and how to model check if they enjoy desired properties with the Maude LTL model checker. The three algorithms are Dijkstra Shortest Path Finding Algorithm (DA), A* Algorithm and LPA* Algorithm. One desired property is that the algorithms always find the shortest

Access and reuse of authoritative phylogenetic knowledge have been a longstanding challenges in the evolutionary biology community — leading to a number of research efforts (e.g. focused on interoperation, standardization of formats, and development of minimum reporting requirements). The Phylotastic project was launched to provide an answer to such challenges — as an architectural concept collaboratively

Because of rapid growth in mobile application markets, competition between companies that provide similar applications has become fierce. To improve user satisfaction for keeping existing users and attracting new users, application developers need to quickly respond to customer feedback regarding functionality and performance defects. In software engineering, specifying an accurate evolution plan according