Tactile threshold of low-intensity focused ultrasound (LIFU) haptic devices has been defined as the minimum pressure required for tactile sensation. However, in contact-type LIFU haptic devices using an elastomer as a conductive medium, the tactile threshold is affected by the mechanical properties of the elastomer. Therefore, the tactile threshold needs to be redefined as a parameter that does not

Numerous methodologies for subjective quality assessment exist in the field of image processing. In particular, the Absolute Category Rating with Hidden Reference (ACR-HR), the Double Stimulus Impairment Scale (DSIS), and the Subjective Assessment Methodology for Video Quality (SAMVIQ) are considered three of the most prominent methods for assessing the visual quality of 2D images and videos. Are these

Face de-identification (or “masking”) algorithms have been developed in response to the prevalent use of video recordings in public places. We evaluated the success of face identity masking for human perceivers and a deep convolutional neural network (DCNN). Eight de-identification algorithms were applied to videos of drivers’ faces, while they actively operated a motor vehicle. These masks were pre-selected

This study investigated how people coordinate their decisions and actions with a risky or safe computer-generated agent in a humanoid or non-humanoid form and how this experience influences later behavior when acting alone. In Experiment 1, participants first repeatedly crossed continuous traffic in a virtual environment with a humanoid computer-generated agent (Figure 1). Participants were specifically

No abstract available.

The trade-off between speed and accuracy in precision tasks is important to evaluate during user interaction with input devices. When different sensory cues are added or altered in such interactions, those cues have an effect on this trade-off, and thus, they affect overall user performance. For instance, adding cues like haptic feedback and stereoscopic viewing will result in more realistic user interaction

We describe a novel technique to provide semi-private feedback on a shared public screen. The technique uses a no-onset presentation that takes advantage of perceptual limitations in human vision to avoid alerting other users to feedback directed at one individual user by suppressing the sudden onset of the feedback. Three experiments evaluated the effectiveness of the technique and appropriate timing

It has long been hypothesized that perceptual ambiguities play an important role in aesthetic experience: A work with some ambiguity engages a viewer more than one that does not. However, current frameworks for testing this theory are limited by the availability of stimuli and data collection methods. This article presents an approach to measuring the perceptual ambiguity of a collection of images

In human interaction, people will keep different distances from each other depending on their gender. For example, males will stand further away from males and closer to females. Previous studies in virtual reality (VR), where people were interacting with virtual humans, showed a similar result. However, many other variables influence proximity, such as appearance characteristics of the virtual character

Cybersickness (CS) is one of the challenges that has hindered the widespread adoption of Virtual Reality and its applications. Consequently, a number of studies have focused on extensively understanding and reducing CS. Inspired by previous work that has sought to reduce CS using foveated rendering and Field of View (FOV) restrictions, we investigated how the presence and size of a static central window

The usability of the human-machine interface is dependent on the quality of its design and testing. Defining clear criteria that the interface must meet can assist the implementation and evaluation process. These criteria may be based on performance, the quality of users’ experience, error prevention, or the broad utility of the interface. In this article, we motivate the use for workload capacity

Vibrotactile Morse code provides a way to convey words using the sense of touch with vibrations. This can be useful in applications for users with a visual and/or auditory impairment. The advantage of using vibrotactile Morse code is that it is technically easy to accomplish. The usefulness of tactile Morse code also depends on how easy it is to learn to use without providing a visual representation

In this article, we explore the coherence of face perception between human and machine in the scenario of interactive face retrieval. In the part of human perception, we collect user feedback to the stimuli of a target face and groups of displayed candidate face images in a face database with a large number of subjects. In the part of machine vision, we compare the benchmark features and general metrics

This article presents a new approach to predict learning difficulty in applications such as e-learning using eye movement and pupil response. We have developed 12 eye response features based on psycholinguistics, contextual information processing, anticipatory behavior analysis, recurrence fixation analysis, and pupillary response. A key aspect of the proposed approach is the temporal analysis of the

Previous research investigated the perceptual dimensionality of achromatic reflection of opaque surfaces, by using either simple analytic models of reflection or measured reflection properties of a limited sample of materials. Here, we aim to extend this work to a broader range of simulated materials. In a first experiment, we used sparse multidimensional scaling techniques to represent a set of rendered

Vibration plays a significant role in the way users interact with touchscreens. For many users, vibration affords tactile alerts and other enhancements. For eyes-free users and users with visual impairments, vibration can also serve a more primary role in the user interface, such as indicating streets on maps, conveying information about graphs, or even specifying basic graphics. However, vibration

Two experiments studied the role of impact sounds and vibrations in classification of materials. The task consisted of feeling on an actuated surface and listening through headphones to the recorded feedback of a ping-pong ball hitting three flat objects respectively made of wood, plastic, and metal, and then identifying their material. In Experiment 1, sounds and vibrations were recorded by keeping

Motivated by the need to support those self-managing chronic pain, we report on the development and evaluation of a novel pressure-based tangible user interface (TUI) for the self-report of scalar values representing pain intensity. Our TUI consists of a conductive foam-based, force-sensitive resistor (FSR) covered in a soft rubber with embedded signal conditioning, an ARM Cortex-M0 microprocessor