A radio link connecting users to network services is one of the most sensitive parts of mobile networks. This wireless channel is not protected physically to prevent unauthorized access to the carried information. Therefore, network providers use a security mechanism mainly based on cryptographic algorithms. For example, data protection (confidentiality) in the second and third generations of mobile

Farming is facing many economic challenges in terms of productivity and cost-effectiveness. Labor shortage partly due to depopulation of rural areas, especially in Europe, is another challenge. Domain specific problems such as accurate monitoring of soil and crop properties and animal health are key factors for minimizing economical risks, and not risking human health. The ECSEL AFarCloud (Aggregate

Among instances when the data and image security in resource constrained environment (smart devices and the like) are to be taken into consideration, lightweight encryption algorithms accede in popularity and are deemed of to be of great merit. In devices as those of the sort mentioned, reducing both power consumption and gate count is always a prime concern. LEA, therefore, triumphs on merit, owing

In this paper, three eSTREAM Portfolio 2 ciphers: Grain v1, Mickey 2.0 and Trivium, and two Grain-like stream ciphers: Lizard and Plantlet are implemented in three versions aimed at different hardware application purposes. The hardware platform adopts Xilinx’s Spartan7 serial, and the simulations, syntheses and implementations are conducted in Vivado using the Verilog hardware design language. These

Increased feature scaling to achieve high performance of miniaturized circuits has increased concerns related to their reliability as smaller circuits age faster. This means that more computational errors due to defects are expected in modern nanoscale circuits. Logic implication checking is a concurrent error detection technique that can detect a partial number of these errors at reduced hardware

In recent times, Internet connected technologies and applications have seen tremendous growth as everyone is inclined to enjoy the benefits offered by them. An upcoming technology called Internet of Things (IoT) has increased the capacity of internet to take in numerous computing devices. With respect to the prevailing IP-based Security Protocol (SecP) suites, which rely on the conventions of Network

The sorting algorithms have found applications in various research fields including image and video processing. High speed sorting is important in real-time applications, such as real-time image processing. Two properties are criterion for sorting networks: the number of steps (speed) and the number of comparators (efficiency). In this paper, we have proposed a method to decrease the number of steps

This paper shows a method of calculating the hazard rate of the non-homogeneous Markov chains using different homogeneous probability matrices for several hundreds small time intervals (using default parameters settings – the number of the intervals can be adjusted to balance accuracy/time-consumption ratio). The method is compared to a pessimistic method based on homogeneous Markov chains and used

The demand for high speed and area minimization has directed the designers towards dynamic CMOS logic design. The domino logic is one of the famous logic in dynamic CMOS logic. The designer needs to compromise the circuit speed and power consumption to reduce the impact of noise in domino logic circuit design. In this work, low power domino logic circuit is proposed to decrease power consumption with

This article describes with Shunt Active Power Filter (SAPF) for compensation of reactive Power (P), current harmonics. An ADALINE based neural network current estimator can control the SAPF to maintain sinusoidal source currents and unity Power Factor (PF). The three-phase (III-Phase) load currents are sensed and measured by Least Mean Square(LMS) algorithm based on ADALINE, the weights obtained with

Typically, Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) involve various interconnected systems, which can monitor and manipulate real objects and processes. They are closely related to Internet of Things (IoT) systems, except that CPS focuses on the interaction between physical, networking and computation processes. Their integration with IoT led to a new CPS aspect, the Internet of Cyber-Physical Things (IoCPT).

This work presents an early stage statement-level metric for energy characterization of embedded processors. Definition and the framework for metric evaluation are provided. In particular, such a metric is based on an existing assembly-level analysis and some profiling activities performed on a given C benchmark, and it is related to the average energy consumption of a generic C statement, for a given

Cryptographic hardware and software applications are prone to various attacks either from the environments or from the attacker to gain the secret key. Resource-constrained devices use lightweight cryptographic algorithms to achieve a high level of security. It's always a trade-off between efficient resource utilization and level of security. Out of different attacks, in recent years, fault injection

While energy consumption is the primary concern for the design of real-time systems, reliability and Quality of Service (QoS) are becoming increasingly important in the development of today’s pervasive computing systems. In this paper, we present a reliability-aware energy management (RAEM) scheme for minimizing the energy consumption for (m, k)-constrained real-time systems, which requires that at

Network-on-chip (NoC) is a paradigm shift for communication between cores in multi-processor systems. It has emerged as a solution for addressing the limitations of bus-based communication in multi-processor system design. The use of MPSoC (Multi-Processor System on Chip) based design of real-time safety-critical embedded systems (such as, Avionics, Automotive etc.) is really a challenge because of

RPL (Routing Protocol for low-power and Lossy Networks) is a new attractive model that secures the networks from different routing risks. The dynamic environment and limited resources motivated the research towards identifying a stable, reliable, energy efficient, and scalable routing design. IPv6 over low-power Wireless Personal Area Network (6LoWPAN) is a standard RPL IPv6 routing protocol that provides

The FINFET (Fin field-effect transistors) is projected as a favourable alternative to address challenges faced by continue scaling. Since nanometer procedure schemes are more advanced, the density of chip and frequency of operation have augmented, by making consumption of power in portable devices that are operated by battery could be a significant concern. Though for devices that are non-portable

A novel approach to developing an FPGA-based chirp signal generator using high-level synthesis implementation is proposed. OpenCL, which is a framework used for high-level synthesis (HLS) methodologies, is employed instead of the Verilog/VHDL language to program FPGA. OpenCL has been used for FPGA programming, particularly in high-performance computing applications. Utilizing OpenCL for FPGA development

The growing need for high rate communication of recent embedded systems is leading to the adoption of the PCIe protocol (Peripheral Component Interconnect express) as an internal data bus. This technology is used in some recent smartphones, and will probably be adopted globally in the next few years. The communication between the processor (in the SoC) and its memory through the PCIe bus represents

Nowadays deep learning is treat as a human brain because it's based on the neural networks, and the neural network is always treated as a human brain. Deep learning is a part of machine learning and which it is based on neural networks. From the huge raw data knowledge has been extracted that is it discriminating the information and convert it in a structure which was understood by the human easily

RECIPE (REliable power and time-ConstraInts-aware Predictive management of heterogeneous Exascale systems) is a recently started project funded within the H2020 FETHPC programme, which is expressly targeted at exploring new High-Performance Computing (HPC) technologies. RECIPE aims at introducing a hierarchical runtime resource management infrastructure to optimize energy efficiency and minimize the

Task scheduling in heterogeneous environments such as cloud data centers is considered to be an NP-complete problem. Efficient task scheduling will lead to balance the load on the virtual machines (VMs) thereby achieving effective resource utilization. Hence there is a need for a new scheduling framework to perform load balancing amid considering multiple quality of service (QoS) metrics such as makespan

Mobile Adhoc Network (MANET) is a group of remote compact hubs confining a short term framework without any guidance of any settled communication establishment. In view of confined resources, visit organizes packets and surprising topological changes, proactive gathering designs get high overheads in this condition. To keep the security of compact uniquely selected frameworks various wellbeing endeavors

Online fault-diagnosis is applied to various systems to enable an automatic monitoring and, if applicable, the recovery from faults to prevent the system from failing. For a sound decision on occurred faults, typically a large amount of sensor measurements and state variables has to be gathered, analyzed and evaluated in real-time. Due to the complexity and the nature of distributed systems all this

Digital controllers are prone to side-channel and fault-insertion attacks that lead hardware security as the primary issue in its creation. On the other hand, optimal hardware design is also the prime concern while crafting a digital controller. A finite state machine (FSM) presents a novel framework for any complex digital controller, and a state assignment technique is used for its optimization.

The quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) nanoscale computer technology is promising to overcome the limits of the microelectronic CMOS technology. Because the leading role of QCA wires, the serial data transfer/processing is preferable. The financial, Internet of Things, and control computer applications require direct processing of decimal information without representation and conversion errors. Because

Multi-view image sensing is currently gaining momentum, fostered by new applications such as autonomous vehicles and self-propelled robots. In this paper, we prototype and evaluate a multi-view smart vision system for object recognition. The system exploits an optimized Multi-View Convolutional Neural Network (MVCNN) in which the processing is distributed among several sensors (heads) and a camera

Following the trend of other safety-critical industries like automotive and avionics, the space domain is witnessing an increase in the on-board computing performance demands. This raise in performance needs comes from both control and payload parts of the spacecraft and calls for advanced electronics systems able to provide high computational power under the constraints of the harsh space environment

This paper presents an overview of the project CASPER,1 a 4-year Marie Curie Research and Innovation Staff Exchange (RISE) project running between 2016 and 2020, describing its objectives, approach, architecture, tools and key achievements. CASPER combines academic and industrial forces towards leveraging the expected benefits of Quality of Experience (QoE) exploitation in future networks. In order

Many Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs) in industrial applications are embedded control systems. With the increasing scale and complexity of such system, the resource efficiency in the system design has become an important issue. The resources of CPSs mainly include: computation resource, communication resource and memory resource. The CPSs combine computation, communication and instruction/data storage

This paper presents the main design considerations for microprocessors used in velocity-time measurement systems. By processing the output signal from a continuous-wave Doppler radar, the microprocessor is used to find and track the velocity of a moving target. Tracking the changes in the object's velocity with the time, as requires by numerous modern applications, entails intense inspection of the

Nowadays, the use of GPGPUs is growing in high-performance computing including embedded system. Demanding more processing power increase the size of Register File (RF) and Execution Unit (EU) in GPGPUs, that increase the power consumption. However, energy and power consumption are vital for the embedded system due to using a battery and a simple cooling system. In this paper, initially, we have proposed

In recent years, Physically Unclonable Functions (PUFs) have emerged as a promising technique for hardware based security primitives because of its inherent uniqueness and low cost. In this paper, we present an area efficient hybrid PUF design on field-programmable gate array (FPGA). Our approach combines units of conventional RS Latch-based PUF (RS-LPUF) and Arbiter-based PUF (A-PUF) which is then

Finite fields are widely used in modern cryptographic architecture. The prominent finite field based symmetric and asymmetric cryptosystems are (ECC) elliptic curve cryptography, RSA, (AES) advanced encryption standard and pairing-based cryptography. The arithmetic operations of a finite field performed efficiently, that meet the design space constraints and execution speed. These aims resolve tremendous

The PR3 (Payload for Radio-interferometry and Radiation measurement on Rockets) payload was designed for, and flown on, the REXUS 25 rocket and performed two experiments inside a single module.1 The first experiment uses radio-interferometry to precisely localize the sounding rocket during flight. An accuracy in the range of 10 cm was expected with an update rate of 1 kHz. In order to achieve this

The paradigm of Edge Computing in Internet of Things (IoT) demands high-throughput implementations of IoT edge devices. Security algorithms used in these devices heavily use GF(2m) multiplications. Systolic structures for GF(2m) multipliers can offer high throughput rates along with other features such as regularity, concurrency, and modularity. Many systolic architectures for GF(2m) multiplier were

The modern semiconductor industry is evolving quite rapidly. Portable and mobile devices are becoming smaller every day and there is also a growing demand for longer battery power. With these demands it is important for researchers to focus on the leakage power in stand-by mode. The SRAM was designed to accurately communicate with CPU, DSP, processor and low-power applications, such as battery-life

The rapid growth of industry and transport within this contemporary progress, there was sufficient consideration given to air quality monitoring; but conventional air quality monitoring methods are inefficient to produce adequate spatial and temporal resolutions of the air quality information by cost-effective also the period time clarifications. During the paper, we propose a distinct methodology

In this work, we propose defense techniques against message spoofing attacks in FlexRay networks. For this purpose, we explore how to leverage the slot- and channel-based FlexRay communication for ensuring the authenticity of safety-critical in-vehicle traffic. In particular, we suggest to split authentication tags across two physical independent channels, allowing for their concurrent transmission

To reduce DMA utilization for multiple algorithm IPs on FPGA, a channel configurable and multiplex DMA device (CMDMA) is proposed for asynchronous and heterogeneous algorithm IPs. Firstly, we abstract the entities and data-flow in CMDMA system with a formal description for function definition and work-flow analysis. Then based on the functions and work-flow, we design and implement a prototype of CMDMA

For the life of human beings, water is necessary. While nearly 70% of the earth is drained, just 3% are known to be fresh water. Moreover, approximately 2.6% of the cooling water is not accessible to people. They are either trapped in glaciers and polar ice caps, contained in the soil or water, heavily poisoned, or unnecessarily drained below the Earth's surface. So only 0.4% of the drinkable water

Computer-aided patient health monitoring is vital in clinical practices. In regard to this, the body wearable sensor nodes and health-related data collection through these sensor nodes are playing a significant role in the recent past. The sensor networks built upon these body wearable sensor nodes are critical due to the delay sensitivity of the data collected and transmitted in these networks. In

Main disputes of digital integrated circuits testing are increasing test data volume and test power. The proposed encoding schemes are a combination of nine coded and selective pattern compression, Alternate Variable Run length code to reduce test data volume. The test cubes are divided into multiples of 8, 16, 32, and 64 blocks to upsurge the relationship among the successive test patterns which offers

A hotel intelligent guidance system based on ZigBee technology was designed, which was mainly composed of a portable handheld module and a guidance module installed in guestroom corridor. Room guidance data stored in the guidance module are updated and transmitted by the ZigBee network. When users carrying the handheld module approach to guestroom corridor, ZigBee, with the stable function of ad hoc

The device scaling restricted due to the limitation of the subthreshold swing of the MOS transistor, which is not less than 60 mV/dec. The researchers are concentrating more on power efficient techniques for advanced, more featured, electronic systems. In place of MOS transistor, which is homojunction, if a heterojunction transistor with low bandgap materials used, the subthreshold swing of the transistor

The multimedia processor is the most powerful and challenging application in real-time world where Hardware Trojans (HTs) is a significant threat in most of the electronic devices which use Integrated Circuit (IC) as a crucial component. Since IC is manufactured by most of the untrusted designers, there is a possibility of inserting malicious attacks in any stages of fabrication. It is mainly added

The Standard (conventional) adaptive algorithms exhibits low convergence rate and minimum noise suppression, or else the system becomes unstable under Gaussian and non-Gaussian (impulsive noise SαS distributions) noise environments. In order to overcome the drawback of traditional algorithms (i.e., to eliminate unwanted noise), the popular algorithm Filtered Cross Minimum Square (FxLMS) is used in

The astonishing development in the field of artificial neural networks (ANN) has brought significant advancement in many application domains, such as pattern recognition, image classification, and computer vision. ANN imitates neuron behaviors and makes a decision or prediction by learning patterns and features from the given data set. To reach higher accuracies, neural networks are getting deeper

In Today's scenario of Public Transportation, Railway is substantially famous and commonly adopted technology for comfortable conveyance. One of the significant concern in traditional network is exploitation of line frequency transformer as these are too bulky owing to the nature of low operating frequency. Searching for the solution, the researchers have found that the high frequency Transformer (HFT)

Silent Data Corruptions (SDCs), those errors that escape detection methods, are critical for system designers because they may result in systems failures. In order to catch SDCs, mechanisms should focus on the behavioural aspects of errors in addition to their physical location or error patterns. Therefore, protection codes like parity, hamming, and the Reed-Solomon code, which heavily depend on the

This paper presents a comprehensive software-based technique that is capable of detecting soft errors in embedded systems. Soft errors can be categorized into Control Flow Errors (CFEs) and data errors. The CFEs change the flow of the program erroneously and data errors also change the results. In this paper, a new comprehensive method is presented to detect both (based on combination of authors’ previous

The potential applications for drones, especially those in manned areas or into non-segregated airspace, are currently not possible without the development and validation of certain key enabling technologies: “detect and avoid”, “air traffic management”, “command and control (C2) link”, and “security and cyber resilience”. This issue has a high impact on European innovation as identified by SESAR JU

Programming heterogeneous multiprocessor architectures combining multiple processor cores and hardware accelerators is a real challenge. Computer-aided design and development tools try to reduce the large design space by simplifying hardware-software mapping mechanisms. However, energy consumption is not well supported in most of design space exploration methodologies due to the difficulty to estimate

The most crucial Infrared (IR) cameras provide temperature-sensitive images and chest vascular transitions. Hotspots can be used to emphasize that these images reveal new subtle changes due to pathology. The resulting images show clusters that appear to vary in shape and spatial distribution but carry class dependent information. Automated sensing techniques are challenging because of the location

Today's world has witnessed the accumulation of data through social media like Twitter and Facebook, which have been growing enormously day by day. Using these social media, users tweet or post on many topics from anyplace in the world through the Internet. Tweets are used to analyze positive and negative messages to drive polarity scores and also to predict future trends. These polarity scores could

The implementation of non-linear Activation Functions (AFs) within the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) on the Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) is substantial due to the various applications it performs. Accuracy, speed and complexity are the most crucial factors considered in this implementation. Building non-linear AFs in a reconfigurable ANN requires either sequential operations and/or additional

Inspite of progressive growth of cryptography, encrypting sensitive information of an image is still a computationally complex task. After reviewing existing literature, it is now known that security problems are yet not solved and there is an open scope of further research. In most recent times, it has been noticed that neural network has proven cost effective optimization mechanism in offering security

Deep learning and, in particular, convolutional neural networks (CNN) achieve very good results on several computer vision applications like security and surveillance, where image and video analysis are required. These networks are quite demanding in terms of computation and memory and therefore are usually implemented in high-performance computing platforms or devices. Running CNNs in embedded platforms

In embedded graphics systems, the graphics processing unit (GPU) also consumes significant amount of frame buffer memory bandwidth. Frame buffer compression is widely adopted to alleviate both memory bandwidth and power consumption issues for the display controller, but rarely has it been applied to addressing GPU’s consumption. This paper proposes a real-time fixed-ratio frame buffer compression technique