We introduce a method for non-uniform random number generation based on sampling a physical process in a controlled environment. We demonstrate one proof-of-concept implementation of the method that reduces the error of Monte Carlo integration of a univariate Gaussian by 1068 times while doubling the speed of the Monte Carlo simulation. We show that the supply voltage and temperature of the physical process must be controlled to prevent the mean and standard deviation of the random number generator from drifting.

Rooftop solar is one of the most promising tools for drawing down greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and is cost-competitive with fossil fuels in many areas of the world today. One of the most important criteria for determining the suitability of a building for rooftop solar is the current age of its roof. The reason for this is simple -- because rooftop solar installations are long-lived, the roof needs to be new enough to last for the lifetime of the solar array or old enough to justify being replaced. In this paper we present a data-driven method for determining the age of a roof from historical satellite imagery, which removes one of the last obstacles to a fully automated pipeline for rooftop solar site selection. We estimate that a full solution to this problem would reduce customer acquisition costs for rooftop solar by $\sim$20\%, leading to an additional $\sim$750 megatons of CO$_2$ displaced between 2020 and 2050.

Business process modelling languages typically enable the representation of business process models by employing (graphical) symbols. These symbols can vary depending upon the verbosity of the language, the modeling paradigm, the focus of the language, and so on. To make explicit the different constructs and rules employed by a specific language as well as bridge the gap across different languages, meta-models have been proposed in literature. These meta-models are a crucial source of knowledge on what state-of-the-art literature considers relevant to describe business processes. Moreover, the rapid growth of techniques and tools that aim at supporting all dimensions of business processes and not only its control flow perspective, as for instance data and organisational aspects, makes even more important to have a clear idea, already at the conceptual level, of the key process constructs. The goal of this work is to provide the first extensive systematic literature review (SLR) of business process meta-models. This SLR aims at answering research questions concerning: (i) the kind of meta-models proposed in literature; (ii) the recurring constructs they contain; (iii) their purposes; and (iv) their evaluations. Thirty-six papers were selected and evaluated against four research questions. The results indicate the existence of a reasonable body of work conducted in this specific area, but not a full maturity. In particular, while traditional paradigms towards business process modelling, and aspects related to the business process control flow seem to be well present, novel paradigms and aspects related to the organisational, data and goal-oriented aspects of business processes seem to be still under-investigated.

As a discipline cybernetics has a long and rich history. In its first generation it not only had a worldwide span, in the area of computer modelling, for example, its proponents such as John von Neumann, Stanislaw Ulam, Warren McCulloch and Walter Pitts, also came up with models and methods such as cellular automata and artificial neural networks, which are still the foundation of most modern modelling approaches. At the same time, cybernetics also got the attention of philosophers, such as the Frenchman Gilbert Simondon, who made use of cybernetical concepts in order to establish a metaphysics and a natural philosophy of individuation, giving cybernetics thereby a philosophical interpretation, which he baptised allagmatic. In this paper, we emphasise this allagmatic theory by showing how Simondon's philosophical concepts can be used to formulate a generic computer model or metamodel for complex systems modelling and its implementation in program code, according to generic programming. We also present how the developed allagmatic metamodel is capable of building simple cellular automata and artificial neural networks.

Many public controversies involve the assessment of statements about which we have imperfect information. Without a structured approach, it is quite difficult to develop an approach to reasoning which is not based on ad hoc choices. Forms of logic have been used in the past to try to bring such clarity, but these fail for a variety of reasons. We demonstrate a simple approach to bringing a standardized approach to semantics, in certain discourse, using Promise Theory. As a case, we use Promise Theory (PT) to collect and structure publicly available information about the case of the MCAS software component for the Boeing 737 Max flight control system.

Advancement in transportation system has boosted speed of our lives. Meantime, road traffic accident is a major global health issue resulting huge loss of lives, properties and valuable time. It is considered as one of the reasons of highest rate of death nowadays. Accident creates catastrophic situation for victims, especially accident occurs in highways imposes great adverse impact on large numbers of victims. In this paper, we develop an intelligent accident detection, location tracking and notification system that detects an accident immediately when it takes place. Global Positioning System (GPS) device finds the exact location of accident. Global System for Mobile (GSM) module sends a notification message including the link of location in the google map to the nearest police control room and hospital so that they can visit the link, find out the shortest route of the accident spot and take initiatives to speed up the rescue process.

Many policymakers, academics and governments have advocated for exchangeable property rights over information as it presents a market solution to what could be considered a market failure. Particularly in jurisdictions such as Africa, Asia or South America, where weaker legal protections and fleeting regulatory enforcement leaves data subjects vulnerable or exploited regardless of the outcome. We argue that whether we could achieve this personal data economy in which individuals have ownership rights akin to property rights over their data should be approached with caution as a solution to ensuring individuals have agency over their data across different legal landscapes. We present an objection to the use of property rights, a market solution, due to the \textit{noxious} nature of personal data - which is founded on Satz and Sandel's objection to markets.