Mitochondrial targeting drug delivery systems have made unprecedented progress in tumor treatment. Nevertheless, the stability of systemic circulation and the effectiveness of tumor accumulation are the basis for achieving tumor subcellular targeting. This study aims to overcome the biological barrier while improving the mitochondria-targeted effect of nanoparticles based on natural polysaccharides

Momordica charantia polysaccharide (MCP) has been repeatedly reported due to its anti-diabetic properties. Up to our knowledge, no research has discussed the use of MCP as a nanofiber matrix in an active food packaging. As an antibacterial and anti-oxidant agent, phlorotannin (PT) was encapsulated in MCP nanofibers to promote these activities. Nanofiber membranes were treated with cold plasma to increase

Formaldehyde was detected in dialdehyde carboxymethyl cellulose (DCMC) tanning agent prepared through periodate oxidation of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). Formaldehyde was then introduced into leather through DCMC tanning, which poses a potential risk to human health. The formation mechanism of formaldehyde in DCMC was investigated by composition analysis and intermediate identification of

In the present work, biodegradable and flexible chitosan/polyvinylpyrrolidone (CHP) polymeric substrate was fabricated by solvent casting method. This is a novel demonstration of the combination of natural polymer (chitosan) and synthetic polymer (PVP) for next-generation semiconductor device applications. The ZnO thin films were successfully synthesized on these polymeric substrates by facile drop-casting

An effective and biodegradable polygonatum fructan (PF) from Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua was studied as an eco-friendly corrosion inhibitor for mild steel protection in 1 M HCl, whose inhibition performance was studied by weight loss tests, electrochemical techniques, and surface analysis techniques (SECM, FTIR). The experimental results showed that PF has outstanding inhibition performance for mild

In this study, the cellulose and hemicelluloses in heartwood, sapwood, and bark of E. urophylla × E. grandis were comprehensively investigated. The ultrastructural topochemistry of carbohydrates in cell walls was examined in situ by confocal Raman microscopy. Cellulose and alkali-extractable hemicelluloses samples were isolated from different tissues and comparatively characterized by compositional

Tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.) seed polysaccharide (TSP) is widely used due to its excellent physico-chemical and biological properties. In this study, therefore, the dynamic digestion and fermentation of TSP in vitro were evaluated with the effect on gut microbiota composition estimated by high-throughput sequencing. The results of gastric and small intestinal digestions showed the molecular weight

Alginate and laminaran are the main water-soluble polysaccharides in edible brown algae such as arame Eisenia bicyclis. To determine the alginate- and/or laminaran-susceptible indigenous bacteria (SIB) in the gut, the caecal microbiomes of ICR mice fed a diet containing 2% low molecular weight (≒50 kDa) alginate or laminaran were analysed by 16S rRNA gene (V4) amplicon sequencing. At the phylum level

In recent years, nano drug delivery system has been widely concerned because of its good therapeutic effect. However, the process from blood circulation to cancer cell release of nanodrugs will be eliminated by the human body's own defense trap, thus reducing the therapeutic effect. In recent years, a “3S” transition concept, including stability transition, surface transition and size transition, was

In this paper, three sulfonate-containing gemini surfactants, sodium 1,1'-(4,4'-methylenebis(4,1-phenylene))bis(1-oxooctane-2-sulfonate) (C8-M1-C8), sodium 1,1'-(4,4'-(ethane-1,2-diyl)bis(4,1-phenylene))bis(1-oxooctane-2-sulfonate) (C8-M2-C8), sodium 1,1'-(4,4'-methylenebis(4,1-phenylene))-bis(1-oxododecane-2-sulfonate) (C12-M2-C12), were synthesized and characterized with FT-IR, 1H NMR and MS. Furthermore

This study was to investigate the effects of in vitro simulated saliva-gastrointestinal digestion on the physicochemical properties and bioactivities of okra polysaccharides (OPS). Results showed that the digestibilities of OPS were about 5.1%, 37.5%, and 41.3% after saliva digestion (SD), saliva-gastric digestion (SGD), and saliva-gastrointestinal digestion (SGID), respectively. The SGID significantly

Thermo-sensitive methylcellulose (MC) hydrogel has been widely used as a scaffold material for biomedical applications. However, due to its poor mechanical properties, the MC-based hydrogel has rarely been employed in 3D bioprinting for tissue engineering scaffolds. In this study, the dual crosslinkable tyramine-modified MC (MC-Tyr) conjugate was prepared via a two-step synthesis, and its hydrogel

Starch-based excipients are commonly used in oral solid dosage forms. The effect of particle size and pregelatinisation level of starch-based excipients on their water absorption behaviour have been evaluated. The results showed that starch-based excipients have type ii isotherms, indicating that the principal mechanism of sorption is the formation of monolayer coverage and multilayer water molecules

In this study, continuous casting is proposed as a suitable approach to scale up the production of gelatin-cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) bionanocomposites. The processing conditions and bionanocomposite properties were established based on the ζ-potential and gelatin content, and CNCs concentration, respectively. Gelatin film-forming solution at 20 wt% was required for proper continuous casting processing

Octenyl-succinylated inulins (OSA-inulin) were synthesized in aqueous solutions using inulin with varying degrees of polymerization (DP). They were characterized using 1H NMR and FTIR and their degrees of substitution were determined. All the samples formed micellar aggregates in aqueous solution above a critical aggregation concentration (CAC) and solubilized beta-carotene. The amount of beta carotene

A temperature controlled low field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR) T2 relaxometry technique based on the mobility changes of water trapped in hydrogels, was successfully used for on-line determination of the sol-gel transition temperature for chitosan/β-glycerophosphate (CS/GP) hydrogels in real time. The LF-NMR results indicated that the gelation temperature decreased gradually with increasing

This work focuses on exploring combinations of disintegrated bacterial cellulose nanofibres (BC) with graphene oxide (GO) (reduced and non-reduced) and phase change materials (PCMs) prepared in the form of foam-like structures. The presence of GO remarkable improves the fire-retardancy and provides dimensional stability to the foams while PCMs gives thermal energy storage capacity. The foams were exposed

Polysaccharides, such as pectin, starch, alginate, carrageenan, and xanthan gum, have been used as biopolymer materials to create coatings and edible films to reduce traditional plastic packages. Petrochemical polymers, extensively used for food packaging, are non-renewable and non-biodegradable and need landfills. Thus, there is a requirement to find alternative packaging materials that are easily

Micro-nanofibrillated cellulose was prepared using bleached mixed hardwood pulp by a low energy consuming chemo-refining approach having potential to be implemented easily in paper industry. Bleached mixed hardwood pulp was pretreated with sodium meta-periodate and sodium chlorite and micro-nanofibrillated by using refining in Valley beater. Scanning electron microscopy images of prepared micro-nanofibrillated

κ-Carrageenan (κ-Ca) is often used to facilitate gelling of aqueous solutions of polysaccharides. However, studies on its effects on pullulan’s rheological and texture properties and pullulan (PUL) hard capsule performances have rarely been reported. Herein, effects of κ-Ca on PUL solutions, hydrogels, films and hard capsules were investigated. It was found that the gelling temperature of 15% (w/w)

Natural polysaccharides with versatile properties are the potential candidates for wound healing applications. In this study, an exopolysaccharide, EPS-S3, isolated from marine bacteria Pantoea sp. YU16-S3 was evaluated for its wound-healing abilities by studying the key molecular mechanisms in vitro and in vivo. Basic characterisation showed EPS-S3 as heteropolysaccharide with glucose, galactose,

Obesity, a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases, is characterized by an abnormal expansion of adipose tissue. Herein, we investigated the potential of hyaluronic acid nanoparticles (HA-NPs) as therapeutics to treat obesity-related diseases by assessing the in vitro and in vivo effects of HA-NPs on adipogenesis and lipogenesis. Treatment of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes with HA-NPs

In this study, a glucuronoxylomannan named TAP-3 was obtained from high-value Tremella aurantialba Bandoni et Zang. Physicochemical analysis revealed that TAP-3, which had a molecular weight of ∼624 kDa, mainly consisted of D-mannose (Man), D-xylose (Xyl), and D-glucuronic acid (GlcA) in a molar ratio of 3.0: 1.0: 1.0. Structural analyses of its depolymerized fragments clarified that TAP-3 contained

In previous report, polyvinyl alcohol/liquefied ball-milled chitin (PVA/LBMC) blend films with good antibacterial activity were successfully prepared. To further develop a biodegradable food packaging material, various amounts of nano-silica were introduced in situ by the hydrolysis of Na2SiO3 to give a series of silica-reinforced PVA/LBMC blend films. Their structure, morphology, mechanical and thermal

Glycogen, a glucose homopolymer with many glucose chains, is the primary blood-sugar reservoir in many organisms. It comprises β particles (∼20 nm) which can bind together to form large α particles with a rosette morphology. When dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is added to glycogen from diabetic livers, α particles break apart to β particles (‘fragility’), possibly due to H-bond disruption; this is not seen

Chitosan/collagen films were developed and characterized in order to assess the suitability of these films for biomedical applications. Hence, physicochemical, thermal, barrier and mechanical properties were analyzed and related to the film structure, which showed the prevalence of the triple helix of native collagen after the addition of chitosan. Furthermore, collagen fiber diameter changed from

Polysaccharides derived from microorganisms have received considerable attention in designing hydrogel materials. However, most microbial polysaccharide-constructed hydrogels evaluated in preclinical trials are not favorable candidates for biomedical applications owing to concerns regarding poor mechanical strength and complicated fabrication process. Herein, we describe a new polysaccharide hydrogel

In this study, a fully bio-based coating was constructed by layer-by-layer deposition of chitosan (CS) and ammonium phytate (AP), to obtain fire-safety and antibacterial cotton fabrics. With about 8% weight gains of CS/AP coatings, the treated cotton fabrics self-extinguished in the vertical burning test. The data obtained from cone calorimetry showed CS/AP/cotton had much lower smoke and heat production

The physicochemical properties of starch in Chinese yam (Dioscorea opposita Thunb.) are highly dependent on the growth stage. However, relevant information available is limited. In this work, native starch and resistant starch (RS) were prepared from Chinese yam tuber at expansion stage and dormant stage, respectively. Their structural and physicochemical properties were determined. They presented

In order to develop new high-energy materials utilizing natural products, a high-substitute nitrochitosan was prepared with different methods. Prepared processes and detonation properties of the nitrochitosan samples were systematically studied. The nitration substitute degree, nitrogen content, exothermic decomposition enthalpy, heat of combustion, impact sensitivity, detonation velocity and detonation

A new hydrazono-imidazoline modified cellulose (HI-MC) was synthesized for selective recovery of Pt(IV), Pd(II) and Au(III) from geological samples. Cellulose was oxidized by periodate and was further functionalized with hydrazono-imidazoline moieties to afford N-donor chelating fibers. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2

To elucidate the role of long alkyl group in sulfated poly- and oligosaccharides on anti-HIV activity, the interaction between sulfated 3-O-octadecyl-(1→6)-α-d-glucopyranan with potent anti-HIV activity and liposomes with diameters of 58 ± 20 nm and 107 ± 28 nm as models of HIV were investigated. SPR measurements of sulfated 3-O-octadecyl-(1→6)-α-d-glucopyranans bearing 2.8 mol% of the octadecyl group

Low methyl-esterified pectin (AU701) was found to form gel beads with glycerol. Wet AU701-glycerol gel beads exhibited similar diameter and hardness compared to the AU701-Ca gel beads, prepared by ionotropic gelation with Ca2+ and used for comparison. The morphology of dry pectin gel beads determined by scanning electron microscopy revealed that the beads exhibited rough and grooved surface. The AU701-glycerol

A polyelectrolyte complex nanoparticle comprising chitosan (CS) and carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) was prepared (CS/CMCS-NPs) by ionic gelation, which was then used as a doxycycline carrier (Dox:CS/CMCS-NPs). The obtained CS/CMCS-NPs and Dox:CS/CMCS-NPs were characterized for various parameters and bacteriostatic ability against Porphyromonas gingivalis. The regulation of related genes and proteins

The present study aimed to unveil potential protective mechanisms of SEPS-4, a novel sulfated derivative of exopolysaccharide produced by Enterobacter cloacae Z0206, against H2O2-induced oxidative damage in murine macrophages based on proteomic approaches. SEPS-4 pre-treatment was found to be capable of alleviating H2O2-induced reduction of RAW264.7 cell viability. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis

Due to the severe side-effects and the toxicity to healthy tissues, cancer treatments based in chemotherapy have not fully achieved the desire outcomes so far. The use of natural compound may be of great value to develop better tolerated therapies. Fucoidan is a marine sulfated polysaccharide extracted from brown algae that, besides other biological activities, has been reported to present interesting

Enzymatic modification is generally applied to enhance desirable attributes of starch. In this study, β-cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase (β-CGTase) together with a specific cyclodextrinase (CDase) was used to modify corn starch. For single β-CGTase treatment, the molecular weight (Mw) was reduced to 36.7 × 105 g/mol and 7.7 × 105 g/mol for 1 h and 6 h reaction, and the debranched samples had a high