The pristine polycarbazole (PCz) and polycarbazole (PCz) -tin oxide (SnO2) nanocomposite (PCT) were synthesized via facile in-situ polymerization method and analyzed by various advanced techniques. The crystal structure is identified by PXRD and disclosed the primitive tetragonal structure of SnO2. The annealed PCT exhibited uniform spherical like morphology with low degree of aggregation. The HRTEM

Asymmetric reverse osmosis membranes of cellulose acetate (CA) in presence of chitosan nanoparticles as anti-biofouling material were prepared using the phase-inversion technique. The effect of some preparation parameters on the membrane properties, e.g. polymer composition, evaporation time and annealing temperature were studied. FTIR, TGA, SEM and Contact angle were carried out to characterize the

In order to investigate the influence of surfactant on double conical nanopore fabricated with the track-etching technique, we added the cationic surfactant hexadecyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) into the working electrolyte of 0.1 M KCl. By controlling the modified region and the concentration of CTAB, the ionic current conduction of the nanopore could be tuned. Results showed that, in low voltage

Abstract Through utilizing the mixed-ligand method, a novel coordination polymer based on Zn(II) ions as nodes was synthesized under hydrothermal condition via applying 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid (1,4-H2chdc) and 2-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline (L), a π-electron rich ligand, as co-ligand, and its chemical formula is [Zn(1,4-chdc)(L)(H2O)]n (1). Because of its strong

In this work, the self-reinforced polypropylene (PP)/noil ramie fiber (NRF) composites were prepared by the solid-state extrusion method. And the effect of die structure such as draw ratio and conical angle on the morphology, thermal and mechanical properties of samples was investigated. The results indicated that the solid-state deformation of PP/NRF composites conducted below the melt transition

Continuous flow microreactors offer advantages such as quick heat dissipation, high throughput as well as reproducible and flexible product quality. Here we present a X-ray compatible microfluidic reaction vessel suitable for studying living polymerization reactions in flow under oxygen-free conditions. Diblock copolymer nano-objects were synthesized via mixing-induced reversible addition-fragmentation

In this work, Kraft lignin (KL), glyoxalated KL and its blends with polyacrylonitrile (PAN/KL) were electrospun by solution electrospinning in order to investigate the morphology of the mats to be used in carbon material applications. The process parameters to obtain PAN/KL nanofibers with higher amount of KL and without defects were optimized. Three types of KL were used in this work: non-purified

A controlled-release formulation (CRF) of the nematicide carbofuran (CAB) was prepared using ionically cross-linked chitosan (CHS). Four cross-linker agents were assessed, among which sulfate (SUL) obtained the highest encapsulation efficiency. Several parameters for the encapsulation of the pesticide were optimized, including pH, SUL/CHS molar ratio, stirring time, and stirring speed. The EE and the

Polyarylene ether nitrile (PEN) random copolymers were prepared from 6AF, BHPF, and 2, 6-dichlorobenzonitrile according to the nucleophilic aromatic substitution polymerization. The chemical structure of PEN random copolymers was characterized by the FT-IR and 1H-NMR spectrum, respectively. The thermal properties of the PEN random copolymers were investigated by using differential scanning calorimetry

Vinyl-terminated sulfonated poly (arylene ether sulfone) (VSPAES) and sulfonated polyvinyl alcohol containing vinyl group (VSPVA) have been prepared. The VSPVA and VSPAES were crosslinked by adding AIBN as initiator. The results of FT-IR and 1H-NMR indicated the existence of sulfonic acid groups and crosslinked structure in these crosslinked membranes. The microphase structures of the membranes are

Polylactide (PLA) is considered as an environmentally friendly substitute of various petroleum-based polymers on account of its renewability, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and excellent thermo-mechanical properties. Despite having numerous advantages of PLA, PLA application has not been commercialized yet due to certain limitations such as low thermal resistance, barrier and electrical properties

The macroscopic viscoelastic properties of entangled polymer liquids can be described by the tube theory, and tube diameter is one of the most important quantities in the tube theory. Based on the tube theory, any linear polymer chain immersed in an entangled polymeric liquid is stretched by an entropic force applied on its both chain ends so that the tube surrounding the chain is kept a certain length

Polytriazole resins (PTAs) are high performance resins which have good processing performance and mechanical properties, can be cured at low temperature (70 ~ 80 ℃) and have high heat resistance. In this study, we develop a high toughness polytriazole (T-PTA) resin through chemical modification by the introduction of long-chain polyether structure, alkynyl-terminated polyethylene glycol (DPPEG), into

Composite catalyst of heteropolyacid ammonium salt, (NH4)3PW12O40, and SiO2 was prepared by sol–gel method. The resultant catalyst ((NH4)3PW12O40-SiO2, 3.38wt%) having W/Si molar ratio of 2/8 enabled to proceed ring-opening polymerizations of tetrahydrofuran (THF), ε-caprolactone (CL), and glycidyl phenyl ether (GPE) to give the corresponding poly(THF), poly(CL), and poly(GPE) having number-average

Certainly, inhibitors are widely used to reduce corrosion rates of materials in many corrosive environments. However, when the substrate suffers from aggressive corrosion, inhibition still neither efficient nor cost-effective for the substrate performance. In this study, we test a new green biopolymer (diazonium grafted biosurfactant, noted R11) as a repairer of damage that happens to a 3-years-old

Digital light processing (DLP), a subclass of vat photopolymerization, is one of the most efficient additive manufacturing (AM) techniques that can be used to print complex objects with high precision at a greater speed than those of the other AM processes. However, printed objects are typically brittle because networks of cured resins are highly crosslinked, thereby limiting their range of possible

The biodegradation of low density polyethylene (LDPE) was studied by employing a microbial strain isolated from the dumping site soil. The bacterium strain was identified as Bacillus tropicus (Gen Bank Accession no: MK318648) by 16S rRNA sequencing. The growth of the strain was observed on virgin LDPE during the biodegradation process. The change in properties of LDPE films before and after bacterial

Electrospun polyphenylquinoxaline (PPQ) ultrafine non-woven fibrous membrane (UFM) has been successfully used as the filtering medium for the separation of highly alkaline aqueous red mud (RM) slurry (pH = 13.0 at 21.5 °C), known as the industrial waste during production of alumina. For this purpose, the PPQ solution was prepared by dissolving the PPQ resin derived from 1,4-bis(4-benzilyloxy)benzene

Magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) were synthesized on the surface of halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) through co-precipitation approach and the achieved nanocomposites were employed as the support of surface polymerization of [2-(acryloyloxy)ethyl]trimethylammonium chloride (AETAC) to obtain a hybrid adsorbent for removal of Sunset Yellow from wastewater. The resulting magnetic nanocomposite was assessed by

Present study investigates the effect of functionalized fumed silica (f-silica) on the thermal; mechanical and thermomechanical properties of amine terminated polybutadiene-co-acrylonitrile rubber (ATBN) modified novolac epoxy resin. All the nanocomposites showed higher thermal stability as compared to the neat novolac epoxy. Maximum –55 ˚C increment in the peak degradation temperature was achieved

Novel elastomers filled with different contents of silica through a two-step one-pot thiol-ene reaction were reported. Two monomers of poly (ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate and 1,6-hexanedithiol were used in the first step to synthesize a vinyl-terminated prepolymer at room temperature. In the second step, silica and chemical cross-linker trimethylolpropane tris(3-mercaptopropionate) were directly

A new sulfonated poly (aryl ether ketone sulfone) (SPAEKS-x) with locally dense sulfonic acid groups is synthesized by post-sulfonation. The SPAEKS-x membranes have a number average molecular weight of 45,000–58,000 g/mol and exhibit excellent mechanical properties. In addition, SPAEKS-x membranes have moderate water absorption, swelling rate, excellent thermal stability and good oxidative stability

Urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA) is a monomer widely used in photopolymerization reactions to produce biomaterials, due to its advantageous properties such as mechanical resistance and relatively low viscosity. However, this monomer is expensive. Reducing the quantity of UDMA monomer required to obtain the final polymer, without losing its main properties, is essential not just in terms of costs but

In this article, starch phosphate-g-poly (methacrylic acids) (SP-g-PMAAs) were synthesized by dual modification. Firstly starch phosphate (SP) was synthesized by phosphorylation of native starch (NS) with mono sodium-phosphate and di sodium-phosphate. Afterwards, methacrylic acid (MAA) was grafted onto SP via free radical polymerization to synthesize SP-g-PMAAs. The structure of the SP and SP-g-PMAAs

Amine and carboxyl functionalized carbon dots (CDs), i.e., citric acid polyethylenimine (CPI) and citric acid glycine (CCG) at different contents (0.05 to 0.5% w/w with respect to soy protein isolate (SPI)) were incorporated in glycerol plasticized SPI to produce CDs reinforced SPI films. Functionalized CDs were characterized by fluorescence spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The CDs reinforced

The functionalisation of potato starch using a greener and biologically important molecule, i.e., diphenyl carbonate under microwave irradiation to obtain nanoporous diphenyl carbonate/starch composites is demonstrated. A series of spectroscopic techniques were used to investigate the bonding between diphenyl carbonate and starch, along with morphology and nature of modified starch. The regular surface

Gel structure of ethane-bridged trialkoxysilsesquioxane has been investigated extensively. In contrast, only a few studies have focused on the characterization of soluble ethane-bridged silsesquioxane polymer (sEBSP) because of difficult preparation and isolation processes. The present study aims to characterize the sEBSP and investigate its mixing effect in an organic polymer. The sEBSP was prepared

Poly (dihydroferulic acid) (PHFA) from biorenewable vanillin was reported before as an alternative replacement of polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Thermal properties of PHFA were found to be very close to those of commercial polyethylene terephthalate (PET). However, PHFA was insoluble in common organic solvents, and it was difficult to measure molecular weight of the obtained polymer due to difficulty

Using a melt-mixing technique, ethylene–vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymers based composites containing Multi-Wall Carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), aluminum trihydrate (ATH), zinc borate (ZB), and gadolinium oxide (Gd2O3) were fabricated. Then, the as-prepared samples were irradiated with an electron beam (EB) at the dose range varied from 0 to 275 kGy. Moreover, we investigated the properties of irradiated and

Cationic copolymerizations of different ketoketenes are conducted to explore the structure and properties of the afforded copolymers. Diethylketene (DEK) and diphenylketene (DPK) are both copolymerized with dimethylketene (DMK), via a cationic mechanism using the mixture AlCl3 / (CH3)3CCl as initiator. The experiments confirmed that two series of polyketones, containing a main DMK chain comprising

Liquid exfoliated, hydroxylated functionalized hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets (h-BNNSs-OH) are prepared for improved dispersion in polymers. Polymer nanocomposites are fabricated using (0–0.03 Vf) hydroxyl (OH) functionalized and non-functionalized BNNSs with poly methyl methacrylate, PMMA, by solution mixing for comparative study. Mechanical properties of the composites are improved considerably

In recent years, most of the scientific research had focused on developing environment-friendly biodegradable materials after being used. There are two ways to do that: the first consists of the use of biodegradable plastics, and the second is the incorporation of biodegradable fibers in polymers. The main objective of this paper is to develop eco-friendly biodegradable biocomposites and to make their

Properties of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polypropylene (PP) can be enhanced by blending both in a specific proportion to get combined superior properties. To make a homogeneous blend, maleic anhydride functionalized PP (PP-g-MAH) was used as a compatibilizer in 60% PET blends. In all blends, PET’s percentage crystallinity was reduced as compared to pure PET because there were hindrances in

In this work acrylic terpolymers with different alkyl radicals were synthesized to find out the alkyl radicals with the lowest average carbon number in poly (alkyl acrylate) (PAA) samples to reach the highest viscosity index with lower concentration of the polymer. Firstly, esters of acrylic monomers are synthesized with a heteroazeotrope forming solvent not miscible with methanol, alleviating the

We have studied the effect of compositions and methods of preparation on the physico-chemical and biocompatible behavior of the hydrogel matrices. Hydrogel matrices are synthesized by free radical polymerization of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate net and with gelatin. Highly porous hydrogel structures were obtained by porogenation, and by cryogenic treatment followed by freeze-drying. All samples were

Attaining a high performance proton exchange membrane as a suitable replacement for Nafion is one of the research priorities of fuel cell research. In this regard, we synthesized a copolyimide consisting of sulfonic acid substituents filled with different content of GO grafted sulfonated poly (urea-co-urethane) via in situ condensation polymerization. All nanocomposites showed a significant increase

In this work, the thermally stable magnetic poly(urethane-imide) nanocomposite (β-CDPUIm-MNPs (9)) was prepared by reaction of β-cyclohexatriene with diisocyante (5) as a new synthetic cross linker agent and its adsorption behavior for removal of heavy metal ions from water was examined and compared with bare poly(urethane-imide). This poly(urethane-imide) based nanocomposite was employed for the removal

The morphology and microtexture of poly(o-ethoxyaniline) thin films deposited on the ITO substrate by electrodeposition were investigated. Cyclic voltammetry and FTIR were used to characterize the molecular structure, while Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) technique was applied to obtain topographical images. The images were analyzed using commercial and free software. Moreover, three new parameters such

Biopolymer Xanthan gum (XG), an exo-polysaccharide obtained from the fermentation of simple sugars by bacteria Xanthomonas campestris under aerobic conditions exhibits interesting properties like biodegradability, high viscosity at a low shear rate and stability under a wide range of temperature and pH. These characteristics properties render it accessible to utilize as a stabilizer, suspending as

Due to the damages caused during deformation of flexible electronic materials, the development of self-healing flexible electronic materials has received great attention. A self-healing flexible polyurethane nanocomposite obtained by the incorporation of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is reported. The structure and self-healing properties of the nanocomposite were investigated by thermal analysis, tensile

Polymers and oligomers containing fragments of aniline oligomers and benzidine connected with p-benzoquinone have been synthesized. The UV, NMR and IR spectral data, as well as termal stubilities, of obtained compounds were studied. Some of obtained compounds were oxidized by K2S2O8 using different molar ratio. Electrical conductivities and conductivity activation energies of iodine and hydrochloric

In the present study hydrogel nanofibrous mats are prepared through electrospinning of poly (acrylamide-co-acrylic acid) dope solution having polyethylene glycol as cross-linker. The electrospun mats are heat treated at 150 °C to induce esterification crosslinking reaction. The mats are characterized for their structural, morphological and thermal behaviour. The average diameter of hydrogel nanofibers

The purpose of this study is to construct a scale inhibitor with high efficiency for calcium carbonate scale, calcium sulfate scale and barium sulfate scale. For this purpose, the ter-copolymer P(MA-AMPS-HPA) was synthesized by aqueous solution polymerization method using maleic anhydride (MA), 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPS) and hydroxypropyl acrylate (HPA) as raw materials and ammonium

In this work, two quinoxline type monomers, 10,14-bis(4-octyl-2-thienyl)-dipyrido[3,2-a:2′,3′-c] [1, 2, 5] thiadiazolo[3,4-i] quinoxaline (OTPTP) and 10,14-bis(4-octyl-2-thienyl)-dibenzo[a, c][1,2,5]thiadiazolo [3,4-i] quinoxaline (OTBTP) were prepared, and the electrochromic features of their polymer films that were synthesized on the ITO glass surface by electrochemical polymerization were studied

This research aimed to probe the degree of conversion (DoC), porosity and polymerization shrinkage strain (PSS) from three different commercial bulk fill resin composites (BFRCs) with different flowability submitted to two different irradiation protocols. Samples (n = 3) of Tetric N-Ceram (TNF), Opus Bulk Fill (OBF) and Filltek Bulk Fill Flow (FBFF) were studied by FT-IR (for DoC) and micro-CT (for

Sodium montmorillonite (MMT) was modified by octadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (OTAC) via cation exchange to obtain organo-montmorillonite (OMMT), Al2O3 was treated by KH-550 (3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane) to get KH-Al2O3. The polyurethane elastomer (PUE) was synthesized with 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), polypropylene glycol (PPG) and 1,4-butanediol (BDO) as the raw materials. And then

Direct fluorination of acetyl- and ethylcelluloses was performed in a bubble reactor with liquid perfluorinated medium (perfluorodecalin). Concentrated fluorination mixtures (F2 + N2) and long reaction times (up to 3 h) were used for better control of the degree of fluorination than it was made previously in direct gaseous fluorination of polymers. The fluorine consumption in the runs with both polymers

In this study, a series of fluorinated polyethersulfone (PES-6AF) copolymers with intrinsic low-dielectric-constants are prepared by the introduction of fluorine-containing group, which are derived from the polycondensation reaction of 4,4′-dichlorophenyl sulfone (DCS), bisphenol S (BPS) and six fluorine hexafluorobisphenolA (6AF) compounds by nucleophilic aromatic substitution. Different proportions

A large number of electronic devices could generate a lot of electromagnetic waves, which could interfere with other equipment and harm the human body. Therefore, an electromagnetic interference shielding (EMI) material is urgently needed to protect the human body and the electronic equipment. In this paper, the multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and the nano-Fe3O4 were added into the polylactic

The purpose of this work was first to propose a thermosensitive hydrogel incorporating Zn phthalocyanine loaded mixed micelles for drug delivery. The mixed micelles was prepared easily by dialysis method and the thermosensitive hydrogel was prepared by “cold method” using Pluronic F127 as hydrogel matrix. The properties of sol and gel transition caused by F127 temperature response enables the drug

Discovering renewable energy resources is receiving increased attention both in industrial and academic research. Vegetable oils are a promising route to renewable chemicals and polymers due to their ready availability, inherent biodegradability, and low toxicity. Also, bio-renewable fuels have been prepared from vegetable oils. Here, the soy oil monoglyceride has been obtained from the soybean oil

PVP/PVA based ferrogel was well fabricated using Freezing-Thawing method with MnxFe3-xO4-PEG magnetic nanoparticles as filler that was previously synthesized by simple coprecipitation method. This sample was confirmed by functional groups data from the Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR). The manganese doping (x = 0, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, and 0.8) was added to enhance the chemical and physical characteristics

The shape memory properties of sulfur crosslinked natural rubber/beeswax (NR/BW) bio-blends and nanocomposites at three blending compositions (8:2, 6:4, and 4:6) were investigated. The melting temperature of beeswax was used as the switching temperature in the one-way shape memory process. The addition of multi-walled carbon nanotube (CNT) into the NR/BW matrix was helpful in not only improving the

Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), functionalized carbon nanotubes (FCNTs) and graphene oxide-carbon nanotube (GCNTs) hybrid Bucky paper (BP) reinforced acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) composites are prepared via vacuum filtration followed by hot compression molding. The nanomechanical, electrical and thermal properties of these BP reinforced ABS composites are studied. The nanoindentation

Chitosan (Cs) is one of the biopolymers increasingly employed to prepare proton exchange membranes (PEMs) in microbial fuel cells (MFCs). In this work, Cs is blended with three other natural or synthetic biopolymers including alginate (Alg), carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) followed by cross-linking/ plasticization with phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, 3-(Trimethoxysilyl)propyl