Three different poly(α-olefins–co–α-pinene) copolymers were synthesized by the reaction of α-pinene with three different α-olefins as 1-dodecene, 1-hexadecene, 1-octadecene, respectively by free radical polymerization initiated by azobisisobutyronitrile. All the three copolymers Pn-Dd, Pn-Hd, and Pn-Od were characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), nuclear magnetic spectroscopy

In the current study, huntite hydromagnesite (HH) was used as flame retardant additive in poly (lactic acid) (PLA) to produce green flame retardant composites. The effects of HH amount, particle size and surface modifications on the flame retardant, thermal and mechanical properties were investigated. The properties of the composites were investigated using limiting oxygen index (LOI), horizontal and

Environmental friendly nature of natural fiber has magnetized many as the prospective reinforcement in biocomposite. Furthermore, the natural fibers excel in the application of light weight engineering structures. The main aim of this study is to extract and characterize Moringa oleifera fruit fibers as green fiber for natural fiber based polymer composite. The fiber bundle samples were prepared as

This study revealed, a thorough investigation of coagulation residence time effects on the morphology, crystallinity, mechanical properties and oxygen (O2), nitrogen (N2) gas transport behaviour of asymmetric membranes prepared through PVA/water/THF ternary system using non-solvent induced phase separation method. For this purpose PVA asymmetric membranes were fabricated at different coagulation residence

The aim of this work is to evaluate the influence of bio-polyol synthesized from used cooking oil on selected properties of rigid polyurethane foams. Application of bio-polyol allows utilization of used cooking oil in the preparation of polyurethane foams according to circular economy. In our work, bio-polyurethane foams were obtained by replacing 20, 60 and 100% of petrochemical polyol with bio-polyol

Superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) are a kind of materials which are widely used in many fields where the absorption of various aqueous solutions is prime importance. Given the fact that a great number of SAPs available on the global market are made from the poorly degradable and expensive materials, recently, there has been increasing interest in looking for low-cost and environmental friendly solutions

The mechanical properties and vibration damping characteristics of cross-ply laminates ([90°/0°/90°] and [0°/90°/0°]), [0°/45°/0°], four-layered angle ply laminate ([90°/0°]s) and Quasi-isotropic laminates ([0°/90°/45°]s, [0°/45°/90°]s,) containing 50 ± 2 wt% of banana fibres in polyester matrix were investigated. The experimental results indicate that the tensile strength, Young’s modulus, impact

This work prepared and evaluated transdermal patches for delivery of lidocaine and diclofenac. Pectin and Eudragit® NE 30 D were used as a polymer matrix, and glycerin was used as a plasticizer. A lidocaine–diclofenac ionic liquid drug was prepared by ion-pair reactions between the hydrochloride salts of lidocaine and the sodium salts of diclofenac. Characterization properties of blank films and transdermal

Biodegradable coating materials based on PCL grafted on guar gum and halloysite nanotubes have been synthetized and used to delay the nutrients release from Diammonium Phosphate (DAP) as water-soluble fertilizer granules. The combination of hydrophobic character of PCL as biodegradable polymer and the swelling behavior of guar gum (GG) and halloysite nanotubes (HNT) as natural fillers were evaluated

New sustainable green composites based on polylactide (PLA) and cotton industry byproducts were successfully manufactured by extrusion, and subsequently by conventional injection molding. Cottonseed flour was used as reinforcement filler and modified cottonseed oil (epoxidized and maleinized cottonseed oil, ECSO and MCSO respectively) were used to improve filler-polymer matrix interactions among the

This research utilized three animal proteins which are whey protein isolate (Wh) and two types of gelatin, including bovine gelatin (BG) and chicken gelatin (CG) from bovine shin bones and chicken feet respectively, to improve the mechanical properties of whole potato flour bioplastics. The goal is the development and characterization of eco-friendly bioplastic sheets by employing the compression molding

Biocomposites of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) incorporated with eggshell powder (ESP) were prepared by solution blending and casting into films. The effects of ESP content (0–50 wt% of dry PVA basis) on structure and properties of the resultant PVA/ESP composite films were systematically evaluated. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy suggested a strong adhesion and

Dyes, organic solvents and oils pose a serious threat to the water resources and this is of immense global concern. For the removal of such harmful materials from wastewater, a novel aerogel was synthesized from a hydrogel precursor, formed by incorporating nano bentonite into the dialdehyde nanocellulose and carboxymethyl chitosan mesh. The material showed exceptional adsorption capacity towards diverse

The purpose of this work was to explore the possibility of using cotton gin trash (CGT) as an inexpensive and biodegradable filler for poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVOH). CGT was milled and screened to give fine particles, and the particles less than 150 um in size were used together with three PVOH polymers (with 1–20% vinyl acetate levels) to form composites. Up to 60% by weight of CGT could be incorporated

Gelatin extracted from chromium-tanned leather wastes (CTLW) has a lower molar mass because of the more aggressive extraction process needed to disrupt chromium-collagen bonds when compared to gelatin extracted from the bones, skin, and connective tissues of animals. As a consequence, CTLW gelatin is more hydrophilic, thus it is harder to apply in the production of polymers. To overcome this issue

High-density polyethylene (HDPE) was compounded with 3 wt% carbon nanotubes (CNTs). In order to simulate mechanical recycling, both the nanocomposite and neat HDPE were repeatedly extruded and subsequently analysed by tensile tests, Charpy impact strength, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), oxidation induction time (OIT), Gel Performance Chromatography (GPC), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy

The present study reports on the potential of greener Biocomposite designed by living cells of mutated Bacillus sp. integrated passively with alginate to decontaminate Nickel(II) from aqueous medium by continuous column process in order to ascertain its actual environmental application. The impact of working parameters was investigated, showing better execution at a low flow rate (4 mL min−1) and highest

The ascomycete Neodeightonia phoenicum CMIB-151 was isolated from bracts of a palm tree (Syagrus romanzoffiana) in Brazil, and identified by molecular techniques. This is the first report of the isolation of this fungus in South America, and for the first time this fungus has been described as producing an exopolysaccharide (EPS). Different carbon (glucose, fructose, sucrose, maltose, lactose, starch)

A series of polyurethane membranes were synthesized through poly-addition polymerization for reverse osmosis application. Poly (ethylene glycol) with different molecular weights was used as a soft segment and structural and performance properties of membranes were investigated. FTIR spectra of membranes verified the presence of incorporated monomers and the development of urethane linkages. The water

Wheat straw/recycled polyethylene composites (WRPCs) were manufactured with wheat straw fibers (WS) and recycled polyethylene (rPE) using extrusion followed by hot pressing moulding. The chemical structure and the fiber morphology of WS were analyzed by FTIR and L&W fiber tester. The influence of WS size and content on the mechanical properties, thermal stability and moisture absorption of WRPCs were

Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) is a biodegradable polyoxoester, which is synthesized as carbon and energy storage by various bacteria from different substrates used. Palm oil mill effluent (POME) has been redefined as a secondary raw material for PHA production. POME is bioconverted to volatile fatty acids (VFA) via anaerobic acidogenic fermentation, and VFA is utilized to synthesis PHA aerobically. A

Abstract In this work, the effect of Zn-cyclen mimic enzyme on the properties of poly(vinyl alcohol)/cellulose nanocrystals (PVA/CNC) nanocomposite membranes have been studied at three different relative humilities (0%RH, 53%RH and 93%RH). Different amounts of mimic enzyme were incorporated, and membranes were prepared by solution casting. The fabricated nanocomposite films were characterized by X-ray

This work investigates the adsorption characteristics and mechanisms of immobilized chitosan-montmorillonite (CS-MT) composite for the removal of methyl orange (MO) dye. It was observed that the immobilized CS-MT has a rougher surface, lower swelling, higher adhesion strength and higher surface area than the immobilized CS. The adsorption of MO dye onto the immobilized CS-MT followed the pseudo-second-order

This work presents a new way to prepare and isolate nanometric cellulose fibrils as extracted from Citrullus Colocynthis (Cc) seeds. The nanofibrils were then characterized using spectroscopic, thermal and morphological/structural techniques. IR-Raman spectra of cellulose fibers confirmed that the treatment they went through, effectively removed all non-cellulosic material (i.e. hemicellulose and lignin)

In this study, novel biocomposites of medium chain length polyhydroxyalkanoate (mcl-PHA) containing 75 mol% of 3-hydroxydecanoate (3-HD) incorporating torch ginger cellulose nanowhiskers (TGCN) were developed via solution casting. The result showed that the morphology and mechanical properties of mcl-PHA were not significantly affected by TGCN. However, addition of TGCN decrease the crystallization

The foaming behavior of poly(ε-caprolactone)/poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PCL/PLGA) blends and the effect of composition on porous structure, compression property and biocompatibility are investigated. Various portions of PLGA are added into matrix PCL at dispersion phase by melt blending. A solid-state batch foaming process is used based on supercritical CO2 as a physical blowing agent. With the

Biofouling of PVAc and PVOH surfaces by fungal conidia can result in surface discolouration and subsequent biodeterioration. In order to understand the interactions of fungal conidia on polymer surfaces, the surface properties of PVAc and PVOH and the hydrophobicity, size and shape of three type of fungal conidia was determined (Aspergillus niger 1957, Aspergillus niger 1988 and Aureobasidium pullulans)

In present research report four types of biocomposites were synthesized and characterized by surface area analysis (SEM–EDX); porosity (BET), X-Ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). These synthesized bio-composites were further examined for Zn(II) removal and recovery in batch reactors followed by column experiments using industrial effluent. The Aspergillus flavus

This work intends to provide a preliminary approach concerning the preparation of 3D printed products derived from recycled raw-materials. In that sense, recycled polyurethane foam (PUF) particles were added (up to 10% wt/wt) to thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) to prepare 3D printed products. From the results, it was observed that the presence of PUF particles reduces the density of filaments. Moreover

A linear bacterial β-1,3-glucan, curdlan, was functionalized by ethylenediamine tetraacetic dianhydride (EDTAD) to form a porous insoluble material (Curd-E) in this study. Various technics, including FTIR, solid state 13C NMR, XRD, TGA, and SEM, were combined to determine the chemical and microscopic structure of the resultant. It's suggested that EDTAD esterified and cross-linked C6-hydroxyl groups

The development of cassava starch-based biocomposites incorporated with pecan nutshells and pinhão shells by thermocompression process was evaluated. The biocomposites were characterized in terms of thickness, bulk density, hydrophilicity, water absorption capacity (WAC), morphology, thermal and mechanical properties. The samples with residues incorporation showed lower WAC when compared to the control

Abstract Non-enzymatic colorimetric based sensors are rapidly emerging sets of sensors. In this study, cellulose-Ag–Cu nanohybrids were designed to sense urea based on the change in absorbance obtained after the nanohybrid and urea contact. The cellulose-Ag–Cu nanohybrids were characterized with FTIR, SEM, XRD and BET. The bands at 1120, 680 and 620 cm−1 represents the C–O–C of the biopolymer glycosidic

Polylactic acid polymer (PLA) produced from renewable resources can be recycled at the end of life to constituent monomer, optically pure lactic acid (LA), by a combination of chemical and biological processes. Efficient application of this closed loop of LA-PLA plastics-LA can minimize accumulation of plastics waste that pollute land and oceans. Temperature-dependent hydrolysis of PLA in water to

Cheese whey permeate, a processed by-product of the dairy industry, was utilized as the sole carbon source for the production of poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) from Bacillus megaterium. In the present study, propionic acid was co-fed as an internal plasticizer to synthesize PHBV co-polymer. Cultivation parameters such as time, propionic acid, C/N ratio were optimized by investigating

Additive manufacturing (AM) is considered the latest technology that creates breakthrough innovations and addresses complex medical problems. This is clearly demonstrated by the promising results obtained in regenerative medicine, diagnosis, implants, artificial tissues and organs. This paper provides a basic understanding of the fundamentals of 3D/4D printing along with bioprinting processes. We are

The present investigation aimed at developing core–shell type low-methoxyl pectin (LMP)-fenugreek galactomannan carboxymethyl ether (FGCE)-nanosilica (NS) based composites for intragastric glimipride (GLI) delivery by combined bioadhesion-floating approache. Initially, FGCE (degree of carboxymethylation, 0.71) was synthesized and characterized by FTIR, XRD and DSC analyses. LMP-FGCE-NS core matrices

A series of triblock copolyesters were produced by ring-opening polymerization of l-lactide initiated by the dihydroxy-terminated poly(alkylene dodecanedioate)s as macroinitiators. The dihydroxy-terminated poly(alkylene dodecanedioate)s as low melting blocks were prepared by using 1,12-dodecanedioic acid and methyl substituted aliphatic diols. The influence of the different polyesters middle block

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) recycling is investigated in this work. PET is a polymer in which hydrolytic degradation of polymeric chains occurs during thermomechanical reprocessing. This kind of processing yields poor melt strength and low viscosity for recycled polyethylene terephthalate (RPET). The chain extension effect of pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) on phase morphology and crystallinity

In this study, bioactive foam composite samples made from cassava starch and bioactive agents were prepared. The mix proportions of raw materials in the samples were designed using Taguchi method coupled with Grey relational analysis. L16 orthogonal array with three factors including spent coffee ground (SCG), zinc oxide (ZnO) and oregano essential oil/palm oil ratio (OEO/PO) at four-levels was chosen

A three-step synthetic route was proposed and tested to obtain a chain-end functional di-sorbitan oleate monomer: First, 1,18-octadec-9-enedioic acid compound was produced by self-metathesis reaction of an oleic acid; then, the 1,18-octadec-9-enoyl dichloride compound was yielded by chlorination of the di-acid with thionyl chloride, and finally, the 1,18-di-sorbitan oleate monomer was yielded by esterification

The use of chitosan is increasing in various industries, resulting in increased generation of chitosan-containing waste. Composting is the foremost method for management of such wastes, rendering it important to understand microbial diversity and effects of microbial inoculation on biodegradation process. Here, we investigated biodegradation of chitosan films in controlled composting reactors and analyzed

A growing common public interest in a more sustainable society drives efforts into the development of bio-based and biodegradable polymers. Such renewable polymers can replace conventional non-degradable polymers as the matrix for wood plastic composites (WPCs). However, despite ongoing advancements towards the implementation of these biocomposites, experience with biocomposite mechanical durability

Polymeric nanofibers with superhydrophobic property have attracted vast interest in various applications, especially oil/water separation. In this work, superhydrophobic PLA nanofibers have been fabricated by an electrospinning process and treatment with a hydrophobic agent, alkyl ketene dimer (AKD). AKD consists of a functional group that is specifically reactive toward hydroxyl groups. Glycerol is

Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) is one of the interesting materials attracting many researchers from the decades, especially when they are extracted from natural biomass resources. This study focuses on the isolation of CNCs with high crystallinity from Vietnamese agricultural wastes (Nypa Fruticans trunk, coconut husk fiber, and rice husk). CNCs were extracted from the above natural sources by a three-step

A three-dimensional (3D) robust sodium alginate/gelatin/graphene oxide (SGGO) triple-network composite aerogel was designed using a “hydrophilic assembly–sustained release gelation” two-step method. The resulting SGGO aerogel has an ordered fishing net-like microstructure, low density (16.2 mg/cm3), high porosity (93.5%), and abundant functional groups when only 3 wt% GO was incorporated. The reinforced

Rigid polyurethane foams of significant renewable content (up to 50%) were produced using biomass biopolyols obtained previously via crude-glycerol mediated solvothermal liquefaction of three industrial biomass residue feedstocks: digested sewage sludge, hemp stalk hurds and sugar beet pulp (DSS, HSH and SBP), and commercial diphenylmethane diisocyanate. The produced foams exhibited higher apparent

Cellulosic waste has stood out as potential materials for obtaining cellulose, since this raw material is highly available in a wide variety of species. These can be agricultural, forestry, or industrial. Cotton is an agricultural material of high cellulose content and great technological and economic importance. Another source with great potential is the waste from the paper industry. Both materials

Based on the principle of free radical polymerization, a novel scale inhibiting and dispersing copolymer was successfully prepared using the monomers of itaconic acid (IA), 2-acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPS) and tannic acid (TA). The chemical structure, molecular weight and thermal stability of the copolymer were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), gel permeation

Glycerol plasticized soy protein isolate (SPI) films at different contents (1 to 5% w/w w.r.t SPI) of nalidixic acid (NA) were fabricated by solution casting method. SPI films and NA incorporated SPI films were structurally and mechanically characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and mechanical properties, respectively. Thermomechanical and water uptake studies were also carried

Tall oil fatty acids were epoxidized by in-situ generation of peracetic acid in the presence of two different acidic catalysts, commonly used catalyst—sulfuric acid and ion exchange resin. The described epoxidation was carried out without the use of organic solvents to comply with the principles of Green chemistry. The epoxidation process was monitored by the change of the relative oxirane conversion

A novel adsorbent, Y/CS/MFA composite was successfully prepared by doping a very small amount of chitosan (CS) and Y(III) ions onto the acid-modified fly ash (named as MFA), and characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) and N2 gas adsorption/desorption technique. The adsorption property and mechanism

Abstract In this work, pH-sensitive hydrogel beads based on fish scale collagen and carrageenan were used as a novel allopurinol drug loading system to improve the bioavailability of allopurinol, which is used to treat gout and high levels of uric acid in the human body. The effectiveness of the carrageenan/collagen/allopurinol hydrogel beads in improving the physical properties of allopurinol and

In this study, the effects of micronized waste tire powder (WTP) and red pine wood waste flours (RPF) concentrations on the properties of pulverized-high density polyethylene (P-HDPE) composites were investigated. Ingredients were first mixed in a high-intensity mixer, later passed through single screw extruder to produce extrudates and finally pelletized and dried before sample manufacturing using

Present study deals with the extraction and isolation of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) from date palm fruit bunch stalk (DPFS) of date palm tree (Phoenix dactylifera L.) through integrated chemical method. To facilitate comparative study, each DPFS-treated, DPFS-pulp and DPFS-MCC samples were produced through respective bleaching, alkaline and acid hydrolysis treatments. The obtained samples were

In this paper, different amounts of both devulcanized rubber (DR) and non-devulcanized rubber (NDR) were melt compounded and compression moulded with a brittle thermoplastic matrix such as polystyrene (PS). Scanning electron microscopy observations of the prepared blends showed that the PS/rubber interfacial adhesion, although rather limited, was improved in the case of DR, and that DR domains within

A new high-swelling multi-component superabsorbent composite Na-CMC-g-P(AMPS-co-AA-co-AM)/NanoFe3O4 (SANCHs) was successfully designed and utilized for effective removal of 134Cs, 85Sr and 60Co radionuclides from radioactive wastewater. The structure and morphology of the superabsorbent composite have been mapped and characterized using different techniques (SEM, XRD, TEM, FTIR, and TGA). Superabsorbent

Large number of plants exudate complex polysaccharides as a consequence of mechanical/micro-biological injury. Exudates of gums are always in high demand for usage as food additives, emulsifiers and other applications and in pharmaceutical field as they are non-toxic, economically viable, readily available and are safe enough for human consumption. Many species of exudate gums have been reported to

In this work, the mechanical properties of Kraft paper (KP) coated with a coating formulated with recycled polystyrene dissolved in the solvent lime limonene (rEPS/LL) are investigated. These mechanical properties are compared with those of KP coated with three different commercial coatings: oil-based alkyd coating (ALKY), oil-based phenolic coating (PHEN) and water-based acrylic coating (ACRY). The

Abstract Regarding the sustainability point of view, this study is dedicated to the use of two bio-based star-shaped crosslinkers for superabsorbent hydrogel (SAP) applications as replacement of fossil-based counterparts. The epoxide crosslinker (E-st-G-SA) was synthesized from the reaction of a star-shaped macromonomer based-on glycerol and succinic acid with epichlorohydrin. The second crosslinker

Abstract The environmental problems caused by industrial residues and petroleum-based packaging must be addressed, and alternative biodegradable solutions sought. This study investigated the potential application of an industrial byproduct, the fruits of Ilex paraguariensis (yerba mate, YM) polyphenol extracts in the production of environment-friendly and bioactive cornstarch films. Thus, optimized