Complete restoration of bones to treat oral and craniofacial skeletal disorders, presents a challenge for orthopedic and maxillofacial experts. In the present research hydroxyapatite (HA) the main constituent of bone, has been modified with various dopants to enhance the biological as well as mechanical properties of skeletal tissue. The doped bioactive HA powder has been incorporated in the polymeric

In this work, composite films for food packaging were prepared from chitosan (CS) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) incorporated with extracts of edible Solanum nigrum L. (SN) leaves by solvent casting method. The effect of water (SW), ethanol (SE), and methanolic (SM) extracts of SN leaves on the mechanical, physical, barrier, optical, soil degradability, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties of the

The microwave-induced modifications in physical characteristics, functional properties, and antioxidant potential of Nelumbo nucifera rhizome starch were studied. The rhizome flour was subjected to microwave irradiation at different treatment times (1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 min) at the low-medium intensity (200 W). The starch was obtained from the native and microwave treated flour and analyzed for its physical

Biodegradation characteristics of polycaprolactone (PCL) films with three different molecular weights after being degraded by Candida antarctica lipase were investigated. The changes of the PCL films before and after degradation were characterized. The results showed that the degradation process of PCL films could be roughly divided into two phrases: a rapid degradation phase and a slow degradation

The aim of this work is to prepare and characterize a series of bio-polyurethane foams (Bio-PUFs) based on renewably sourced polyols in order to increase their ecological potential, while maintaining their properties. Polyurethane foams (PUFs) were obtained using two sunflower based-polyols (SF-P1 and SF-P2) with different hydroxyl numbers synthesized through the acid-catalyzed ring-opening of epoxidized

Bioplastics such as poly(lactic acid) (PLA), which are derived from renewable sources, promoted as biodegradable and implemented for numerous functions, offer a promising alternative to the enduring synthetic plastics abundant in society. However, the degradation of PLA is slow under natural environmental conditions. A chemical recycling route is thus required to couple mitigation of plastic persistence

In this study, biotin functionalized bovine serum albumin (BSA-biotin) loaded with curcumin (CUR), was synthesized and evaluated as drug carrier. The aim of this study is evaluation of the curcumin induced apoptosis related proteins, Bcl-2 and Bax expression via targeted albumin based nanoparticles. The synthesized BSA-biotin-CUR was characterized by different techniques such as: TEM, UV–Vis, FTIR

The utilisation of palm oil-based polymers as biomaterials has received considerable interest to support further expansion in the biomedical field as they pose the potential capability of competing with synthetic polymers per their physicochemical, thermal, and crystallinity properties. In this study, the synthesis of a new green biopolymer, namely acrylated palm olein (APO) from a palm oil-based precursor

Crosslinked chitosan-ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (CTS-EGDE) was modified by loading fly ash (FA) particles into its polymeric matrix to improve the adsorptive removal of reactive red 120 (RR120) dye. The Box–Behnken design was used to assist in the tuning of optimum synthesis and adsorption conditions, such as the loading ratio of FA particles (A: 0–50%), adsorbent dose (B: 0.02–0.08 g), solution

A superabsorbent resin (SAR) with good degradability was prepared with acrylic acid (AA), acrylamide (AM), 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS), organic montmorillonite (OMMT) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) through inverse suspension polymerization, using potassium persulfate (KPS) as initiator and N,N-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) as crosslinker. The structure and micrographs of the SAR were

Recent studies proposed the use of soy protein-based bioplastic matrices with incorporated micronutrient to mitigate against the excessive use of fertilizers in horticulture. However, the micronutrient incorporation reduced the superabsorbent capacity of these bioplastic matrices. All this reduces their use as a source of water for crops in times of drought, among other possibilities. The objective

Continual reduction of landfill space along with rising CO2 levels and environmental pollution, are global issues that will only grow with time if not correctly addressed. The lack of proper waste management infrastructure means gloablly commodity plastics are disposed of incorrectly, leading to both an economical loss and environmental destruction. The bioaccumulation of plastics and microplastics

This work aims to understand the microstructural change mechanism of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) exposed at five national standard natural exposure stations (at Qionghai, Ruoqiang, Lhasa, Qingdao, and Hailar) for four years, which represented the five typical climates over China. It was found that the natural weathering of HDPE was the synergistic result of multi-factors such as temperature, irradiation

A controlled-release fertilizer made of biodegradable beads prepared with neat chitosan or chitosan/starch blends loaded with potassium nitrate was obtained using an ionic cross-linking process. This study looks at the influence of chitosan/starch mass ratio on the dynamic rheological behavior of the polymeric material without cross-linking. Every tested sample showed a viscoelastic behavior corresponding

Here we investigated the application of a novel polyvinyl alcohol/starch/ZSM-5 zeolite membrane as an adsorbent for the removal of Eriochrome black T (EBT) from aqueous medium. Physical and chemical structure of the membranes was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, optical microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-Ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis and universal testing

Plantain and chayotextle starch were mixed with plantain and chayotextle fiber to make biodegradable materials through a baking process. Tensile strength (Ts) and Young module (Ym) in baked foam materials (BFM) improved as the concentration of fiber increased, while elongation at break (Eb) decreased. BFM made only with plantain or chayotextle starch showed poor mechanical properties. Density values

The worldwide increase in consumption of energy and resources has led to various unsustainable developments which has called for the development of sustainable use of resources and reduction in energy consumption. Natural fibre reinforced composites that are synthesised and cured at room temperatures appears to be a fulfilment for this need towards achieving truly sustainable and optimised development

An atactic poly-d,l-lactide (PLA) is obtained via ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of lactide stereoisomers mixture catalyzed by the magnesium and calcium acenaphthylenebisamido complexes. The polymer is characterized by gel-permeation chromatography, NMR spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry. The hydrolytic degradation behavior, cytotoxicity, and cell adhesion of the resulting PLA are evaluated. The

In this work, Jute fibers (JF) were directly treated with HNO3-NaNO2 (JF/HNO3-NaNO2) mixture and simultaneously with NaOH and HNO3-NaNO2 (JF/NaOH/HNO3-NaNO2) mixture successively to extract cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) in a facile and cost-effective manner. Chemical composition, Morphological, structural, spectroscopic, and thermal analysis was carried out. TEM analysis of CNFs synthesized via JF/NaOH/HNO3-NaNO2

Currently, bio-thermoplastic polymers are widely used as matrix reinforced with different kinds of natural fibers, because these bio-polymer are biodegradable, eco-friendly and nontoxic. Moreover, the natural fibers are one of the sustainable material for making composites for lightweight materials, which can deplete the use of man-made synthetic materials and reduce greenhouse effect. In this view

Ultraviolet (UV) ageing is one main environmental factor affecting the service performance and life of plant fiber reinforced composites. Plant fiber treatment or modification is an essential step in composite preparation to deal with the poor interfacial strength between plant fiber and thermoplastic matrix. Our previous study shows that water treatment is one green fiber treatment method and has

Herein, the preparation of polyurethane nanofibrous microfiltration membranes, with electrospinning and then dip-coating methods was reported. The study of process parameters (i.e. needle-free electrospinning and dip-coating condition) on the membrane properties was also conducted. The different pore sizes of the prepared MF membranes (e.g. 0.23, 0.33, and 0.47 μm) is orchestrated through the adjustment

Besides excellent adsorption performance of adsorbents, the disposal of spent adsorbents should be considered for environmental concern. In this study, a new all-biomass double network Jute/sodium alginate (Jute/SA) gel is prepared via the simple dripping technique. 80 wt% water of Jute/SA hydrogel endows the adsorbent with high permeability for heavy metal ions diffusion onto internal adsorption sites

Abstract End of life single-use items such as carrier bags constitute a large proportion of the litter found in marine and terrestrial environments. The main objective of the current work was to investigate the response of an oxo-biodegradable commercial plastic film product to photo-degradation using accelerated weathering, verifying the claim of its biodegradability and suitability as an eco-friendly

In this paper, four modified chitosan compounds were prepared by reaction between chitosan (CS) and carbonyl groups such as salicylaldehyde (SA), benzaldehyde (BA), para-chloro benzaldehyde (PCBA) and acetanilide (A) as an amide compound. The corresponding Schiff-bases were characterized by FTIR, EDX, FESEM, BET and TGA-DTA techniques. The BET analysis on the prepared Schiff bases shows that the total

Improving the adhesion between fibers and polymer matrix is essential for natural fiber composites. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of enzymatic treatment on bamboo fibers (BF) reinforced biodegradable plastic composites. Three different kinds of enzymes (pectinase, cellulase, laccase) were used to treat BF, then biocomposites were fabricated by BF and poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-valerate)

Abstract By grafting polysaccharides backbone of biopolymer (alginate) on synthetic polymer nanocomposite chains (PAMPS/NiFe2O4) to remove methylene blue and toxic heavy metal (Cu2+) from aqueous solutions, a superadsorbent was prepared. Using FTIR, TGA, X-ray diffraction, TEM, and SEM studied the structures of native and grafted alginate hydrogels. Adsorption experiments have been optimized using

The novel isolated thermotolerant bacteria Bacillus thermoamylovorans strain PHA005 was obtained from palm oil mill effluent. This strain showed an ability to produce medium-chain-length polyhydroxyalkanoates (mcl-PHAs) at 50.77% of dry cell weight (DCW) using sodium octanoate. Therefore, the production of mcl-PHA was enhanced by optimising the effects of nutrients and environmental conditions. The

Microbial polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are biopolyesters produced by microorganisms as intracellular granules under nutrient stress. Due to non-toxic and biodegradable behavior these polyesters are a sustainable source of wide range of biomaterials such as bioplastics. As a result of excellent polymeric properties such as melting temperatures (Tm), glass transition temperature (Tg), crystallinity,

The removal of organic dyes from the aquatic system using modified Montmorillonite clay (MMT), one of the low cost adsorbent, was studied in this paper. Polyphosphoric acid (PPA) modified MMT (PMMT) with better surface area was used for adsorbing cationic dyes such as methylene blue(MB), rhodamine B (RB) and anionic dye Rose Bengal. The adsorption capacity of the PMMT clay for MB, RB and Rose Bengal

A most important parameter in tissue engineering of blood vessels is the restoration of the endothelium in small-diameter vascular grafts. Not only the mechanical properties of the inner layer of the synthetic graft but also its physical and chemical properties play important roles in both the response of the endothelial cells and the successful reconstruction of the lumen layer. This study was conducted

High-performance polyimides (HPIs) were synthesized using various aromatic dianhydrides and fluorenylidene containing diamine via two-step polycondensation method and used as an adsorbent for the removal of dyes (Methylene blue (MB) and Rhodamine-B (Rh-B)). Various functional moieties (–O–, –(CF3)2, –(CH3)2) were incorporated through synthesis in the HPIs back-bone using various aromatic dianhydrides

Soy protein (SP) is a promising raw material for the development of renewable and environmentally friendly adhesives. This work aims to study the effect of protein denaturation and/or hydrolysis on the rheology of a soy protein isolate (SPI) suspension. Four stages of chemical modification of SPI were evaluated: unmodified (U), denatured (D), partially hydrolyzed (PH) and fully hydrolyzed (H). Fourier-transform

Camelthorn, a desert plant, has been utilized as an adsorbent material for the extraction of Hg(II) ions from aqueous solution after grafting with acrylonitrile followed by amination with hydroxylamine hydrochloride in basic medium to obtain aminated hydroximoyl camelthorn (AHCT). AHCT were found to exhibit excellent adsorption capacity over a wide range of Hg(II) concentration. The surface functional

Biodegradable polymers were introduced in the past decades in order to address the issue of plastic pollutions, and these materials have thus required the development of methodologies to understand and evaluate their disintegration. The aim of this study was to simulate the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) treatment in laboratory-scale and to assess the biodegradation of poly(lactic

Polymer-based nanocomposites are considered promising candidates for flexible modern electronic devices. ZnO–PVA polymer nanocomposites have gained recent research interest due to excellent optical and dielectric properties. Transition metals (Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu) oxide nanoparticles incorporated ZnO–PVA composite matrix are investigated in this work for a comprehensive study of its structure, morphology

There are few reports of polyhydroxyalkanoates production from marine microorganisms. This work aimed to explore the marine bacteria Cobetia sp. INV PRT122 and Bacillus sp. INV FIR18 isolated from the Colombian Caribbean Sea as polyhydroxyalkanoates producers. The polymers were extracted, and structural analyses were completed to confirm their nature. Growth, accumulation, and sugar consumption kinetic

In this study, a nanogel-hydrogel hybrid was synthesized to improve drug delivery system performance. First, poly (acrylic acid-N-isopropylacrylamide) nanoparticles were synthesized using acrylic acid, N-isopropylacrylamide, sodium dodecyl sulfate, and MBA in the presence of APS as a radical initiator. Then the synthesized (A-N) nanogel was added to a solution of chitosan in acetic acid and (A-N) nanogel/

Eugenol (E) based mono-functional benzoxazine(E-x) monomers were prepared using different long-chain monoamines(x = ba, ha, dda, oda) and fluorine substituted aromatic monoamine (x = fa). The molecular structure of the monomers developed was characterized by FTIR and NMR spectral analysis. Further, the prepared monomers were coated over the cotton fabric and studied for their surface behavior. The

Especially in orthopedics and implant applications, the bone cements are the main pillar of implants to form permanent bonds with the body. However, the main risk factor for implants is infection and loosening of the implant over time. This situation can seriously compromise patient comfort and even patient life. Therefore, superior mechanical strength, biocompatibility and antimicrobial properties

In this concern study, the surging demands for regulating the environmental aspects associated with controlling a massive generated synthetic wastes in the field of structural applications, has motivated researchers to synthesize green products using agricultural wastes. Therefore, in this work, a novel hybrid epoxy composites based on alkali treated-date palm fiber and native coir fiber at different

Abstract In this study the surface of bio-based polyurethane foam was enriched with different contents of catalyst residue from the petroleum industry. The foams were prepared with different residue contents, 20, 50, and 80 wt% relative to the total mass of the polyols and were characterized by several techniques, with X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, field emission scanning electron

In the present work composites based on poly (hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) and quasi-crystals (Al62.0Cu25.5Fe12.5) (QC), i.e., PHB/QC were processed aiming at biodegradable compounds with improved performance. According to the particle size evaluation and scanning electron microscopy images the added QC phase presented particle diameters with approximately 5 µm which conducted to homogeneously dispersed

A polypropylene (PP) film photodegradation test was performed in water at 60 °C with a specific photocatalyst under visible light irradiation to identify its fragmentation mechanism. The photodegradation degree reached a maximum at the 144 h photodegradation time and showed the decreases at the 288 h. The surface being uneven was observed at the 288 h in the SEM photograph. These results showed that

Polyglycolic acid (PGA), a linear aliphatic polyester with excellent biodegradability and biocompatibility, is widely used as a medical material. However, the inherent brittleness of this material may limit its use in many other industrial applications. This study explored the toughening effect of physically blending PGA with polyethylene oxide (PEO). Standard tensile samples of different PGA/PEO blends

The effect of sea water immersion on the durability and performance of the PET fibre reinforced epoxy composites were experimentally investigated. The reinforcing fibres and their respective composite samples were immersed in artificial seawater over a period of 120 days. The extent of degradation post immersion was studied using thermal gravimetric analysis. Water uptake behaviour of the composites

Nowadays, considerable interest has been expressed in using oil/metal oxide hybrid bionanocomposite, particularly organic/inorganic, to engineer different biomedical applications. The fabricated Oleum cumini oil/PVP/MgO bionanocomposite in this study was characterized using different spectroscopic and microscopic techniques as well as a thermal stability study. The obtained results proved excellent

This study aims to investigate the effect of abiotic treatment (accelerated weathering) of cobalt stearate (CoSt) filled polypropylene (PP) composite films on their biodegradability. The PP composite films, after abiotic treatment, were characterized by different techniques and the results were compared with those of untreated films. After biodegradation (biotic treatment) of abiotically treated composite

In order to improve high hydrophilicity and low mechanical properties of biodegradable high-methoxy pectin (HMP) film, dialdehyde starch (DS) were introduced. In this study, different HMP/DS blended films were prepared by varying DS contents. It was observed from Infrared spectra that lower peak intensity of C=O stretching was detected after the incorporation of DS into HPM film. Moreover, moisture

This work sought to formulate, analyze, model, and optimize Arracacha (Arracacha xanthorrhiza) starch-chitosan based biodegradable films to assess their use as food coating. To study these films, prepared through the casting technique, a Box–Behnken design was used with three factors at three levels (starch 3–4%; glycerol 0.75–1.25%; chitosan 1–2%) to determine the individual and interactive effects

Clean polyvinylidene fluoride scrap (rPVDF) from flexible oil pipelines was used as a matrix for the development of cost effective conductive composites. Carbon black (CB), expanded graphite (EG) and mixtures of both fillers were mixed with rPVDF in different compositions by melt processing. The influence of the conductive fillers on the electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness (EMI SE)

Soybean molasses was studied for the first time as a raw material for the fermentative production of (1 → 6)-β-d-glucan (lasiodiplodan) by Lasiodiplodia theobromae MMPI fungus. The work included characterization of soybean molasses, assessment of cultivation medium and nutritional supplementation, saccharification, fermentation of unhydrolyzed and hydrolyzed molasses, and characterization of lasiodiplodan

The major technical limitations in polymer recycling are their incompatibility between each other and their ageing. In this study, impact reinforced styrenics, namely HIPS and ABS, were evaluated in the scope of their alterations through recycling photooxidized material. In this purpose, plates were photodegraded in both natural and accelerated conditions. FTIR-ATR was used to monitor their ageing

In recent years, there is an increasing demand for replacing hazardous agrochemicals in intensive farming systems with natural pesticides, such as essential oils. Essential oils are sources of antimicrobial compounds and have the potential to combat weeds, pathogens and insects. Their use in greenhouse cultures seems promising, but their action is very rapid due to their high volatility. The aim of

Nowadays most of the researchers are focusing their research on pollution free environment, bio-degradable nature and balanced ecological aspect while fabricating the composite materials rather than mechanical strengths, costs, processing methodologies, etc. The objective of this experimental study is to analyze the influence of the bio-based eggshell nanoparticles on the thermal and morphological