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Abstract Recently, the use of natural materials has grown in the plastics industry. In this study, novel bio-nanocomposites were developed from poly(lactic acid)/poly(ε-caprolactone) (PLA/PCL) blends and silk fibroin nanoparticles (SFNP). SFNP were successfully synthesized from silk fibroin (SF) and analyzed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis

Abstract In this study, biodegradable biocomposites based on polylactide with basalt fibres (BFs) or wood fibres (WFs) of 7.5 or 15 wt% were prepared by injection moulding. Various tests, including tensile test, bending test and impact test, were carried out to investigate the mechanical properties of the composites. Additionally, the samples were tested at different temperatures. Depending on the

Abstract Thermosetting cast resins, filled with varying levels of silica, were prepared from epoxidized soybean oil (ESO) and epoxidized triolein (ETO) in order to study matrix-filler interactions and effects of cross-linking density on physical properties. While ESO is characterized by a highly heterogeneous composition, ETO had very regular structure but lower epoxy content. Room temperature ring

Abstract Recent studies have shown that turbidity in construction site runoff can be greatly reduced by chemical turbidity control. This study evaluated the performance of chitosan-based biopolymer (dual polymer system, DPS) vs. anionic polyacrylamide (PAM) for turbidity reduction and characteristics of flocculated sediments using two soils from North Carolina, USA. The soils were Coastal Plain sand

Abstract Sodium montmorillonite organically modified by octadecylammonium (Np-Clay) and zinc oxide nanoparticles (Np-ZnO) were incorporated into chitosan (C) matrix in different proportions to evaluate its mechanical properties and antimicrobial activities. The composites were obtained by polymer intercalation method in solution using acetic acid (1% v/v) as solvent. The functional groups, thermic

Abstract Modification of vegetable oil into monomers and polymers is essential nowadays, considering petroleum depletion. The reaction of vegetable oils with maleic anhydride is widely known, and the final product can be obtained by a thermal conventional route, which requires 3 h for total reaction. The aim of this work was to provide a more efficient, faster, and cleaner alternative synthetic route

Abstract Ring opening copolymerization is the most frequently applied reaction for the synthesis of polycaprolactone–polyethylene glycol–polycaprolactone (PCL–PEG–PCL). In this reaction, a number of expensive and toxic organic solvents are being used for the purpose of purification and extraction of the prepared copolymer. Exposure to these organic solvents can cause serious issues to the human health

Abstract A chemically crosslinked cellulose ester films (MCC-CAD-GA) based on cellulose (MCC), citric acid anhydride (CAD) and l-glutamic acid (l-GA) was successfully prepared via amidation for the adsorption of Cd2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Pb2+ and Cu2+ ions with lower concentration from water. The obtained composites were characterized by FTIR, XRD, elemental analysis and SEM. The results showed that the thermal

Abstract Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) received great attention in various fields, because of their high efficacy, high aspect ratio, low density, renewability and non-toxicity which make them ideal candidates. Here, various properties and applications especially, thermal, mechanical, adhesives, coatings etc., to introduce CNCs, a hydrophilic and colloidally stable, rigid rod-shaped bio-based nanomaterial

Abstract There is a piqued interest in development of biobased sorbents for water treatment. Here in we reported, the fabrication of mechanically strong nanopapers by mixed dimensional assembly of 1D Cellulose nanofibers and 2D amino functionalized graphene oxide for water treatment. The fabricated amino functionalized GO/ cellulose nanofiber (AMGO-CNF) nanopaper showed superior antibacterial resistance

Abstract Polylactic acid polymer (PLA) produced from renewable resources can be recycled at the end of life to constituent monomer, optically pure lactic acid (LA), by a combination of chemical and biological processes. Efficient application of this closed loop of LA-PLA plastics-LA can minimize accumulation of plastics waste that pollute land and oceans. Temperature-dependent hydrolysis of PLA in

Abstract In this study, bioactive foam composite samples made from cassava starch and bioactive agents were prepared. The mix proportions of raw materials in the samples were designed using Taguchi method coupled with Grey relational analysis. L16 orthogonal array with three factors including spent coffee ground (SCG), zinc oxide (ZnO) and oregano essential oil/palm oil ratio (OEO/PO) at four-levels

Abstract Polymeric nanofibers with superhydrophobic property have attracted vast interest in various applications, especially oil/water separation. In this work, superhydrophobic PLA nanofibers have been fabricated by an electrospinning process and treatment with a hydrophobic agent, alkyl ketene dimer (AKD). AKD consists of a functional group that is specifically reactive toward hydroxyl groups. Glycerol

Abstract A three-dimensional (3D) robust sodium alginate/gelatin/graphene oxide (SGGO) triple-network composite aerogel was designed using a “hydrophilic assembly–sustained release gelation” two-step method. The resulting SGGO aerogel has an ordered fishing net-like microstructure, low density (16.2 mg/cm3), high porosity (93.5%), and abundant functional groups when only 3 wt% GO was incorporated.

Abstract A growing common public interest in a more sustainable society drives efforts into the development of bio-based and biodegradable polymers. Such renewable polymers can replace conventional non-degradable polymers as the matrix for wood plastic composites (WPCs). However, despite ongoing advancements towards the implementation of these biocomposites, experience with biocomposite mechanical

Abstract Non-enzymatic colorimetric based sensors are rapidly emerging sets of sensors. In this study, cellulose-Ag–Cu nanohybrids were designed to sense urea based on the change in absorbance obtained after the nanohybrid and urea contact. The cellulose-Ag–Cu nanohybrids were characterized with FTIR, SEM, XRD and BET. The bands at 1120, 680 and 620 cm−1 represents the C–O–C of the biopolymer glycosidic

Abstract Biofouling of PVAc and PVOH surfaces by fungal conidia can result in surface discolouration and subsequent biodeterioration. In order to understand the interactions of fungal conidia on polymer surfaces, the surface properties of PVAc and PVOH and the hydrophobicity, size and shape of three type of fungal conidia was determined (Aspergillus niger 1957, Aspergillus niger 1988 and Aureobasidium

Abstract Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) is one of the interesting materials attracting many researchers from the decades, especially when they are extracted from natural biomass resources. This study focuses on the isolation of CNCs with high crystallinity from Vietnamese agricultural wastes (Nypa Fruticans trunk, coconut husk fiber, and rice husk). CNCs were extracted from the above natural sources

Abstract In present research report four types of biocomposites were synthesized and characterized by surface area analysis (SEM–EDX); porosity (BET), X-Ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). These synthesized bio-composites were further examined for Zn(II) removal and recovery in batch reactors followed by column experiments using industrial effluent. The Aspergillus

Abstract The development of cassava starch-based biocomposites incorporated with pecan nutshells and pinhão shells by thermocompression process was evaluated. The biocomposites were characterized in terms of thickness, bulk density, hydrophilicity, water absorption capacity (WAC), morphology, thermal and mechanical properties. The samples with residues incorporation showed lower WAC when compared to

Abstract A series of triblock copolyesters were produced by ring-opening polymerization of l-lactide initiated by the dihydroxy-terminated poly(alkylene dodecanedioate)s as macroinitiators. The dihydroxy-terminated poly(alkylene dodecanedioate)s as low melting blocks were prepared by using 1,12-dodecanedioic acid and methyl substituted aliphatic diols. The influence of the different polyesters middle

Abstract A three-step synthetic route was proposed and tested to obtain a chain-end functional di-sorbitan oleate monomer: First, 1,18-octadec-9-enedioic acid compound was produced by self-metathesis reaction of an oleic acid; then, the 1,18-octadec-9-enoyl dichloride compound was yielded by chlorination of the di-acid with thionyl chloride, and finally, the 1,18-di-sorbitan oleate monomer was yielded

Abstract A linear bacterial β-1,3-glucan, curdlan, was functionalized by ethylenediamine tetraacetic dianhydride (EDTAD) to form a porous insoluble material (Curd-E) in this study. Various technics, including FTIR, solid state 13C NMR, XRD, TGA, and SEM, were combined to determine the chemical and microscopic structure of the resultant. It's suggested that EDTAD esterified and cross-linked C6-hydroxyl

Abstract Cheese whey permeate, a processed by-product of the dairy industry, was utilized as the sole carbon source for the production of poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) from Bacillus megaterium. In the present study, propionic acid was co-fed as an internal plasticizer to synthesize PHBV co-polymer. Cultivation parameters such as time, propionic acid, C/N ratio were optimized

Abstract To prolong the service lives of wood fiber (WF)/poly(lactic acid) (PLA) composites, composites with different contents of bis (2,6-diisopropylphenyl) carbodiimide (BDICDI) were prepared. The composites were buried in natural soil for 150 days to evaluate the stabilizing effect of BDICDI on the WF/PLA composites. It was also used to evaluate the properties changes of WF/PLA composites under

Abstract Rigid polyurethane foams of significant renewable content (up to 50%) were produced using biomass biopolyols obtained previously via crude-glycerol mediated solvothermal liquefaction of three industrial biomass residue feedstocks: digested sewage sludge, hemp stalk hurds and sugar beet pulp (DSS, HSH and SBP), and commercial diphenylmethane diisocyanate. The produced foams exhibited higher

Abstract As the largest aromatic polymer of natural origin, lignin arouses the interest of researchers and industries worldwide. Its three-dimensional polymeric aromatic structure, besides being complex, varies depending on its botanical origin and extraction process, which makes its use as a raw material difficult. Currently, the main destination for lignin is burning for energy production. This study

Abstract Poly (urethane-glutaric-esteramide) (PUGEA) was synthesized using corn oil and glutaric acid and further treated with toluene-2, 4-diisocyanate. Fumed silica with 1, 2, and 3 weight percentage was included in the synthesized PUGEA resin to obtain PUGEA-1, PUGEA-2 and PUGEA-3 nanocomposite resins, respectively. The chemical structure of glutaric polyesteramide and PUGEA was characterized by

Abstract Edible films based on potato starch, chitosan and Aloe vera gel (AV) as modifiers were evaluated towards their potential application in food or cosmetics industry. The films, with different AV gel concentration were prepared by casting method. The influence of UV radiation on samples chemical structure was analyzed. The surface morphology was observed with AFM method. The chemical structure

Abstract In this study, a novel bio-based epoxy resin (ESA) with curable double bonds was synthesized by esterification reaction between sebacic acid (SAc) and epichlorohydrin (ECH). Its chemical structure was confirmed by FT-IR and 1H NMR. Untreated, alkali treated, acrylic acid (AcA)- and acetic anhydride (AA) modified hazelnut shell waste (HSh) were used as inexpensive reinforcing materials in the

Abstract Cellulose cryogels crosslinked with epichlorohydrin (ECH) were successfully developed from kenaf core biomass via green urea/alkaline solvent system. The effect of ECH concentration (from 3 to 9 wt%) on the pore structure, density, morphology, thermal stability, mechanical properties, water absorption performance and acoustic insulation of cellulose cryogels were studied. It was found that

Abstract The utilization of carbon dioxide (CO2) as a sustainable feedstock for chemical products is becoming more interesting topic as the public issue of global warming has been increasingly emphasized. In this study, CO2 was polymerized in the presence of propylene oxide by using a double metal cyanide catalyst, affording poly(ether carbonate) (PEC) polyol. Rigid polyurethane foams (RPUFs) were

Abstract Batch adsorption of Congo red (CR) on tartaric acid pretreated sugarcane bagasse was performed via varying the experimental factors such as initial dye concentration, contact time, adsorbent dose and particle size. Tries were done to fit the equilibrium results using isotherms of Langmiur, Freundlich, Tempkin and Dubinin–Radushkevich (D–R). Among these, the Langmuir isotherm is not applicable

Abstract Cellulose is a renewable, sustainable, and high available biopolymer; their common form is the type-I polymorph. However, polymorphic changes are associated with different properties and a wide range of applications. In this study, we proposed a new method to prepare polymorphic cellulose nanostructures (CNSs): first, the CNS were isolated, and then the polymorphs were converted. CNS-I (type-I)

Abstract This work studied the biodegradative activity of Pseudomonas geniculata WS3 and Stenotrophomonas pavanii CH1, PLA-degrading bacteria, on films with different ratios of polybutylene succinate (PBS)/polylactic acid (PLA), in submerged cultures. Effects of PBS, dicumyl peroxide (DCP) and 2-hydroxypropyl-3-piperazinyl quinoline carboxylic acid methacrylate (HPQM) of in situ compatibilized PBS/PLA

Abstract In recent years, polymeric adsorbent is gaining more interest over classical adsorbents such as clays and activated carbon due to its tunable physicochemical properties, structural diversity, reusability and selectivity. Therefore, the aim of this article is to summarize the available information on the adsorption studies of dyes using PVA and PVA-based polymer composite adsorbents. These

Abstract Chitosan (CS) was coalesced with activated charcoal (AC), followed by crosslinking reaction with epichlorohydrin (ECH) to form a mesoporous crosslinked chitosan–epichlorohydrin/activated charcoal composite (CS-ECH/AC). The structural and physicochemical properties of CS-ECH/AC were characterized by Brunauer–Emmett–Teller, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared

Abstract A hybrid composite biopolymer of magnetic chitosan-fly ash/Fe3O4 (CS-FA/Fe3O4) was prepared to be an effective composite biosorbent for the removal of reactive orange 16 (RO16) dye from aqueous media. Various analytical techniques such as XRF, BET, XRD, FTIR, and SEM–EDX were utilized to characterize of CS-FA/Fe3O4 composite. The effects of adsorption process parameters namely adsorbent dose

Abstract Green biodegradable thermoplastic natural rubber based on epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) and poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) blends was prepared via simple blend (SB) or via dynamic vulcanization (DV). Influence of blend proportions of ENR and PBS on morphological, dynamic, mechanical, dynamic mechanical, thermal properties, and water absorption together with biodegradability were investigated

Abstract This work reports a simple and ecofriendly way of recycling polyethylene terephthalate (PET) waste. PET waste was glycolyzed using trimethylolpropane (TMP) giving tetra-functional glycolyzate, to prepare alkyd resin. 0.25% ZnOAc and the TMP to PET molar ratio of 12:1 at 220 °C produced the best yield of glycolyzate. The obtained glycolyzate was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

Abstract In the present article, a facile method for the self-synthesis of silver nanoparticles without the use of reducing agent in a gelatin biopolymer hydrogel and its utilization as a catalyst for the pollutants reduction reactions is demonstrated. We first synthesized different wt% of the gelatin aqueous solutions at high temperature followed by crosslinking with formaldehyde solution. Among the

Abstract In this study, a new film based on polylactic acid (PLA) modified with titanium dioxide and lycopene pigment (PLA/TiO2/Lyc) was prepared. To study the effect of titanium dioxide and lycopene pigment on the physicochemical properties of the film, a central composite statistical design was used. The film properties including moisture, thickness, water vapor permeability, antioxidant activity

Abstract Chitin is the second most widely available natural fiber with diverse applications. Insect chitin is gaining popularity over the last decade. Black soldier fly is a widely known insect with waste management potential. In this study, chitin was isolated from Black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) pupae exuvia (BSFE) and imago (BSFI). The chitin content was found to be 9% and 23% for pupae exuviae

Abstract In this work, a new series of bio-based poly(ɛ-caprolactone)s (SBO-PCLs) is synthesized through ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of ɛ-caprolactone (ɛ-CL) using stannous octoate as a catalyst and hydroxylated soybean oil (SBO-OH) as a macro-initiator. For this purpose, firstly, epoxy groups of epoxidized soybean oil (ESBO) are converted to hydroxyl functionalities to be used for ROP of ɛ-CL

Abstract In the meat production industry, large volumes of wastewater are generated containing great quantities of organic matter that requires y safe disposal or utilization. As a result, management of poultry wastewater is of great concern worldwide. However, problems associated with wastewater disposal are a well-known phenomenon. Nevertheless finding solutions to treat different waste types are

Abstract Bio-based active food packaging containing natural antioxidants has gaining great attention these days. The food industry resulted in huge amount of waste rich in natural antioxidant and utilization of these wastes is very important from environmental viewpoint. In this study, apple peel was used to produce apple peel nanoparticles and later, chitosan (CS) and gelatin (G) based novel functional

Abstract In this study, we investigated the enzymatical degradability and pilot-scale composting of 14 cellulose-based materials. The materials analyzed here were cellulose regenerated from ionic liquid (EMIM[OAc]), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) crosslinked by aluminum salt (Al-salt), methyl cellulose, cellulose acetate, butylated hemicellulose: DS: 1, DS: 0.4, and DS: 0.2, cellophane, wet strength

Abstract The recycling of quaternary plastic wastes irrespective of their chemical nature into a value-added material has been investigated in this paper. Household plastic wastes like polyethylene terephthalate bottles, polyethylene bags, polyvinyl chloride sheets, and polypropylene decorative ribbons were recycled based on their polarity by utilizing poly (ethylene-co-methacrylic acid) copolymer

Abstract Polymers of Intrinsic Microporosity (PIMs) are recognized as promising polymers for active separation of organic pollutants. These highly porous and solution-processable polymers could be tailored to remove specific targets from an aqueous system. In this study, PIM-1 powder was modified to amidoxime PIM-1 powder and adsorption of charged dyes which are Methylene Blue (MB, cationic) and Methyl

Abstract In this study, a novel chitin based composite hydrogel reinforced by tannic acid modified reduced graphene oxide (TRGO) was prepared via a facile freezing–thawing approach. Epichlorohydrin (ECH) and TRGO sheets were employed as efficient crosslinkers to fabricate dually crosslinked TRGO/chitin composite hydrogels with advanced mechanical and adsorption properties. Results indicated that the

Abstract Halophilic microorganisms produce several metabolites having potential application in biotechnology and industry. They also produce polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), which are suitable replacements for conventional plastics for packaging food and non-food materials due to their biocompatible and biodegradable properties. PHA produced by the native isolate of Halomonas venusta KT832796 using a minimal

Abstract In this research work, a simple method of silver nanoparticles’ self-synthesis in chitosan (CH) biopolymer hydrogels without utilizing a reducing agent is shown. The synthesized material was used as a catalyst in different reduction reactions. For this purpose, different amounts of CH powder were dissolved in acidic aqueous solutions and then crosslinked it with the formaldehyde solution to

Abstract On account of the irreversible environmental damage caused by the utilization of non-renewable raw materials in industrial production, since the end of the twentieth century, the interest in replacing the traditionally applied petroleum-based starting compounds in the polyurethane production by more sustainable feedstocks has grown enormously. Such pursuit of Green Chemistry has been fostered

Abstract Polylactic acid (PLA) samples containing a layered double hydroxide modified with sodium dodecyl sulfate (PKL_DS), silica from rice husk ash (SiRHA) and a combination of the two nanofillers were prepared by both solvent casting and a more practical approach involving dry blending of constituents and their melting in a mixing tank followed by compression molding. The morphology of the nanocomposite

Abstract Modified chitosan gel beads, prepared by molybdate and tungstate coagulation methods, were tested for As(V) removal from solutions in the range of 5–200 mg As L−1. The sorbent is efficient at removing As(V) from acid solutions (optimum pH close to 3), the sorption capacities for As uptake in molybdate- and tungstate-loaded beads are 75 and 44 mg As g−1 of dry mass, respectively. The mechanism

Abstract In the present work, imidazole core mono-amine (ima) was synthesized and used with cardanol (C) and bisphenol-F (BF) to obtain corresponding benzoxazines (C-ima and BF-ima) respectively. Similarly aniline (a) was used as amine precursor for synthesis of benzoxazines (C-a and BF-a) of cardanol (C) and bisphenol-F (BF) respectively for the purpose of blending and comparative studies with ima

Abstract In the present study, we introduce the formation of Starch/PEG-poly (acrylic acid) hydrogel (St-PEG-AcAH) and nanocomposite of AgNPs-base St-PEG-AcAH (AgNPs-St-PEG-AcANCH) free radical method, and their characterization using analytical techniques of FT-IR, TEM, SEM, EDX, AFM, XRD, TGA/DTG. The thermodynamic parameters and application of prepared hydrogels was investigated for the removal

Abstract The present study focused on synthesizing polyurethane foams with different contents of liquefied lignin. To fulfill that, the weight ratios of liquefied lignin to polypropylene glycol triol (PPG as chain extender) were altered from 25 to 100%. The lignin based polyurethane foams (LPUFs) were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA)

The property profile of thin thermoplastic starch (TPS)/poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) films was investigated and the potential improvement, which can be achieved due to the utilization of hydrophilic/hydrophobic compatibilizer systems, was assessed. The evaluation in terms of morphology exhibited a very good TPS dispersion (under optimized processing conditions) within the polyester matrix, while