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A novel geometric predictive algorithm for assessing compressive elastic modulus in MEX additive processes, based on part nonlinearities and layers stiffness, validated with PETG and PLA materials Polym. Test. (IF 5.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-11 Jorge Manuel Mercado–Colmenero, Cristina Martin–Doñate
MEX (Material Extrusion) is an intrusive technological process that inherently induces alterations in the elastic and mechanical parameters of plastic materials. Manufacturers provide initial mechanical parameters for plastic filaments, which undergo modifications during MEX manufacturing, influenced by intrinsic manufacturing factors such as temperature and pressure changes, as well as geometric and
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Influences of printing parameters on mechanical properties of recycled PET and PETG using fused granular fabrication technique Polym. Test. (IF 5.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-04 Phan Quoc Khang Nguyen, Jojibabu Panta, Tosin Famakinwa, Richard (Chunhui) Yang, Aziz Ahmed, Michael Stapleton, Doug Sassaman, Samantha Snabes, Charlotte Craff
This research presents an investigation of the feasibility of recycled polyethylene terephthalate (rPET) and glycol-modified polyethylene terephthalate (rPETG) thermoplastics using the fused granular fabrication (FGF) 3D printing technique. It focuses on the effects of FGF printing parameters on the mechanical properties of rPET and rPETG printed parts using a Gigabot X 3D printer. The design of experiments
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Construction of high-performance solid-state electrolytes for lithium metal batteries by UV-curing technology Polym. Test. (IF 5.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-03 Zengxu Chen, Yongquan Zhang, Baoshan Zhu, Jingshun Wang, Jingrun Hu, Jianxin Zou, Zhao Jin, Xinhe Li, Yue Zhang, Changhai Zhang
With high energy density and high safety, all-solid-state lithium metal batteries (ASSLMBs) are considered the most competitive next-generation energy storage batteries. In this work, different formulations of PEGDA-based solid-state electrolytes were prepared by solution flow casting and UV-irradiated in situ polymerization. Polyethylene oxide (PEO) was introduced to solve the problem of improving
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Compression testing of EPP bead foams in a vacuum chamber: Experimental investigation on the influence of the cell gas Polym. Test. (IF 5.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-01 J. Meuchelböck, I. Koch, B. Grüber, M. Müller-Pabel, M. Gude, H. Ruckdäschel
In this study, we systematically investigate the compression behavior of Expanded Polypropylene (EPP) bead foams using precise experiments in a custom-designed vacuum chamber. The material’s response is examined under controlled pressure conditions, including compression tests at both ambient pressure and 4 mbar, at various strain rates. Considering that most foams consist of more than 90% air, our
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Real-time char layer resistance monitoring for the study of expanded char layer morphology formed by IFR/SBS during combustion processes Polym. Test. (IF 5.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-29 Jiale Huo, Xiping Gao, Dahu Yao, Chang Lu, Yingzi Liu, Zhuoyan Yang
Intumescent flame retardants (IFR) are used to improve the flame retardancy of polymers through the formation of an expanded char layer. However, there is no method that can be used to detect the morphological evolution of the expanded char layer during combustion in real time. Flame ablation of the surface of IFR flame retardant polymers produces an expanded char layer containing monomeric carbon
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Testing trap states in polymer solar cells Polym. Test. (IF 5.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-28 Zesheng Liu, Yuze Lin
Polymer/organic solar cells (PSCs) are one promising candidate for sustainable technologies of converting solar energy to electricity, making impressive progress with the power conversion efficiencies of single-junction devices exceeding 18–19%. The trap density of states (tDOS) of polymer/organic semiconductors ranging from 10∼10 cm are much higher than those traditional inorganic/hybrid semiconductors
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Formulating PBS/PLA/PBAT blends for biodegradable, compostable packaging: The crucial roles of PBS content and reactive extrusion Polym. Test. (IF 5.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-24 Sarocha Chuakhao, Juan Torres Rodríguez, Somjit Lapnonkawow, Gokul Kannan, Alejandro J. Müller, Supakij Suttiruengwong
The use of biodegradable polymers such as Poly (lactic acid) (PLA), Poly(butylene succinate) (PBS), and Poly(butylene adipate--terephthalate) (PBAT) is constantly increasing to try to substitute non-biodegradable plastics. Blending is a viable option to improve the morphology and the mechanical and heat resistance properties of biodegradable polymers. Thus, in this work, a biodegradable and compostable
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Dynamic enhancement induced by interface for additively manufactured continuous carbon fiber reinforced composites Polym. Test. (IF 5.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-16 Lanting Liu, Qiong Deng, Ruifeng Wang, Xiaobin Hu, Mengjia Su, Minrong An, Yongshuai Wang, He He, Yinggang Miao
Additive manufacturing (AM) has become one advanced manufacturing method for continuous carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CCFRP) composites, which is promising to work as aerospace materials. To promote their efficient design and extensive application, series of tensile and fiber-pullout tests were implemented to investigate the rate-dependent mechanical behavior and fracture mechanism. Both tensile
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Homogeneous oriented magnetic field for developing biaxial fractal-like magnetorheological materials Polym. Test. (IF 5.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-15 Luis M. Palacios-Pineda, J. Luis Gómez-Color, Enrique Melgoza-Vázquez, Imperio A. Perales-Martínez, Jorge A. Estrada-Díaz, Oscar Martínez-Romero, Alex Elías-Zúñiga
This research describes the design and fabrication of an electromagnetic quadrupole installed inside a biaxial tensile test bench to induce magnetic field effects whose orientation can be adjusted to either 45° or 90° to develop magnetorheological elastomer (MRE) materials subjected to a biaxial stress condition. The objective of the quadrupole is to generate a homogeneous and oriented magnetic field
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Advanced analysis of ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer materials for photovoltaic modules Polym. Test. (IF 5.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-14 Gary Säckl, Gernot M. Wallner, Jiri Duchoslav, Martin Tiefenthaler, David Stifter
Ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymers are commonly used as encapsulation material and as adhesive layer for backsheet laminates of photovoltaic (PV) modules. While Fourier-Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) are well established to analyse EVA encapsulants in PV modules, X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) is seldomly used. Hence, the objective of
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Additive manufacturing in polymer research: Advances, synthesis, and applications Polym. Test. (IF 5.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-13 Md Aminul Islam, Md Hosne Mobarak, Md Israfil Hossain Rimon, Md Zobair Al Mahmud, Jubaraz Ghosh, Md Mir Shakib Ahmed, Nayem Hossain
This study delves into how additive manufacturing has revolutionized the production of polymers over the last three decades. Traditional polymer production finds it difficult to fulfill the demanding needs of a wide range of applications, even as it faces issues with environmental sustainability and decreased plastic waste. On the other hand, AM provides unmatched design freedom, expedited time-to-market
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The essential role of aligned architecture in decellularized tendon matrix mediated stem cell tenogenic differentiation and tendon repair Polym. Test. (IF 5.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-13 Heyong Yin, Yufei Ding, Honggang Yan, Jitao Zhang, Bin Zhu, Lin Shi, Ai Guo
Decellularized tendon matrix (DTM) has shown great potential for inducing tenogenic differentiation and facilitating tendon repair. In which, the retained native tendon-derived matrix in DTM is considered as the main factor for these effects. However, whether preservation of the highly aligned architecture of DTM is also essential for tenogenic differentiation and tendon repair has not been well investigated
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Surface flame retardancy of clay mineral powder infused onto the top of the layer of vinyl ester/bamboo composites through a modified VARTM process Polym. Test. (IF 5.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-13 Prabhakar M.N., Maurelio C. Cabo Jr., Ruiwen Yu, Teklebrahan Gebrekrstos Weldemhret, Lee Dong Woo, Song Jung-il
The mechanical properties of fire-resistant biocomposites are significantly compromised owing to the high amounts of flame retardants (FRs) required for satisfactory results and the limited interfacial interactions between flame retardants (FRs) and polymer/natural fibers. The study addresses these challenges by modifying the vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM) process to include two inlets
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Reinforcement of nanostructured polyacrylamide hydrogels through the generation of secondary physical network using the nanoparticles’ functional groups Polym. Test. (IF 5.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-13 Elena Olaret, Brindusa Balanuca, Jana Ghitman, Izabela-Cristina Stancu, Andrada Serafim
The main drawback regarding hydrogels utilization in biomedical engineering is represented by their weak mechanical properties and it is often addressed either by using nanospecies as fillers or by generating secondary networks that strengthen the material. Our study validates a new synthesis route of obtaining double-network nanostructured materials making use of the functional groups of an adsorbed
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Adapted sterilisation for the production of thermoresponsive hydrogels for downstream wound healing applications Polym. Test. (IF 5.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-13 Daniel P. Fitzpatrick, Carmel Kealey, Damien Brady, Noel Gately
Complex wounds can have a significant impact on a patient's life; affecting them physically, emotionally, and socially. A potential reason for these varied success of treatment outcomes could be attributed to the multifactorial interplay between genetic, immune-related, environmental, and microbial persistence factors on tissue regeneration. The amelioration of persistent factors has become a target
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Splitting tensile properties and damage characterization of polymer grouting materials: Density, geometry and size effects Polym. Test. (IF 5.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-11 Yangyang Xia, Bin Lu, Jing Wang, Yongshen Wu, Youbin Gao, Chao Zhang, Cuixia Wang, Peng Zhao, Hongyuan Fang, Jianguo Zhang, Bing Li, Mingsheng Shi
Splitting tensile properties play a crucial role in evaluating the safety of polymer grouting reinforced underground infrastructure. However, the influence of density, geometry and size effects on splitting tensile properties is remains unclear. This study employed static splitting tensile and Brazilian disc tests to investigate these influences, analyzing the damage evolution process of polymer grouting
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Measuring large tensile deformation of polymers using fluorescent 3D-digital image correlation with adaptive incremental calculation strategy Polym. Test. (IF 5.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-10 Haotian Yang, Bing Pan
Digital image correlation (DIC) techniques have been widely used for experimentally characterizing the mechanical behavior of polymer materials. However, practical applications of DIC for tensile testing of polymers often face serious image decorrelation caused by crazing and excessive deformation. In this work, a fluorescent three-dimensional digital image correlation (3D-DIC) with an adaptive incremental
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Influence of ethylene oxide and gamma irradiation sterilization processes on the degradation behaviour of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) in the course of artificially accelerated aging Polym. Test. (IF 5.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-10 Natalie Krug, Jan-Christoph Zarges, Hans-Peter Heim
To promote the application of bio-based materials in the field of medical technology, it is essential to conduct additional research, focusing on their long-term performance after sterilization. For this purpose, the study examines the aging behaviour of three poly(lactic-acid) (PLA) materials, sterilized with either ethylene oxide or gamma irradiation, over a two years aging period, in accordance
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A comparison of calculation methods for the diffusion coefficient as a potential tool for identifying material alteration with time Polym. Test. (IF 5.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-10 Hamad Raheem, Bernadette Craster, Ashwin Seshia
This article addresses the calculation of diffusion coefficients of CO gas through PE-RT from continuous sweep permeation tests after different run times. Knowing the permeability and diffusion coefficients allows the solubility and concentration in the polymer film to be calculated. Other permeation methods used more often in engineering applications such as the closed cell manometric method traditionally
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A highly resilient conductive eutectogel with multi-environmental adaptability for strain sensor Polym. Test. (IF 5.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-09 Weiwei Zhang, Leyu Dai, Chenhua Yang, Wanrong Xu, Chuanxiang Qin, Jianjun Wang, Jun Sun, Lixing Dai
Compared to traditional hydrogels and ionogels, eutectogels have shown extraordinary potential in wearable electronics. However, it remains a great challenge for eutectogels to achieve excellent adaptability under various environments. Herein, a highly resilient conductive eutectogel with extraordinary long-term environmental adaptability was fabricated via photopolymerization of acrylamide (AM) in
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Boosting holographic properties and conversion of epoxy resin and triacrylate photopolymer by inhibition effect of CeO2 nanorods in polymerization process Polym. Test. (IF 5.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-08 Yourong Liu, Tong Shen, Ning Zhu, Ke Li, Zengrong Zheng, Shaoxing Li, Jihong Zheng
Through the preparation of free radicals and nanocomposite materials technology, this article introduces the Cerium oxide (CeO) nanorods doped trimethylpropane triacrylate and epoxy resin to solve the poor performance of holographic photopolymer. Dielectric analysis and spectrum data show that the incorporation of CeO nanorod can serve as an inhibitor to interfacial interaction with Irgacure 784, and
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Study on resistance of polyurea coated metal plates to gas explosions Polym. Test. (IF 5.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-08 Meng Gu, Haozhe Wang, Anfeng Yu, Hanxiang Wang, Guoxin Chen, Junhai Li
Field gas explosion experiments were conducted on two types of polyurea coated metal plates (PCMPs). The explosion resistance performance of PCMP were quantified based on failure criteria and relative deformation. The failure mechanism of PCMP was analyzed from the perspective of stress propagation and polyurea phase transition. The results showed that under the fluctuating upward gas explosion load
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Biodegradation behavior of polyesters with various internal chemical structures and external environmental factors in real seawater Polym. Test. (IF 5.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-08 Mira Shin, Hyeri Kim, Soyoun Kim, Hyo Jeong Kim, Dongyeop X. Oh, Jeyoung Park
Releasing non-degradable plastics into the oceans contributes to ghost fishing and microplastic generation, thus increasing the interest in biodegradable alternatives. However, biodegradable plastics decompose slowly in marine environments, and understanding how their chemical structure influences their degradation behavior in the oceans is a growing focus. Herein, we investigated the effects of intrinsic
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Investigation of the bonding behavior between thermosets and thermoplastic elastomers in multi-material additive manufacturing Polym. Test. (IF 5.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-08 Robert Setter, Katrin Wudy
Multi-material additive manufacturing (AM) pushes the boundaries of modern processing by creating parts with synergetic material-related effects and superior properties. A promising technology is represented by the so-called fusion jetting (FJ) process which simultaneously combines thermosets and thermoplastics into multi-material AM parts. However, the bonding behavior between thermoset-reinforced
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Mesoscopic failure behavior of HTPB propellant bonding interface under multi-angle pull-and-shear loading Polym. Test. (IF 5.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-07 Shudi Pei, Hongfu Qiang, Xueren Wang, Shiqi Li
This study aims to investigate the in-situ microscopic damage evolution mechanism of the hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) propellant bonding interface under multi-angle tensile shear conditions as well as to characterize the effects of the microscopic damage on the macroscopic failure modes. To this end, micro-specimens of the HTPB bonding interface with different loading angles are scanned
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Investigation of effects induced by 57 MeV 56Fe ions and 9 MeV protons on additively manufactured PEKK for space application Polym. Test. (IF 5.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-07 Kaifur Rashed, Abdullah Kafi, Ranya Simons, Stefania Peracchi, Zeljko Pastuovic, Christopher D. Easton, Stuart Bateman
Additive manufacturing (AM) has progressed from rapid prototyping to rapid manufacturing of equipment for various industries, including the space industry, where polymer-based techniques like Material extrusion (MEX) are particularly interesting. Polyetherimide (PEI), Poly ether ether ketone (PEEK) and Poly ether ketone ketone (PEKK) are frequently chosen to manufacture end use equipment in MEX due
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Study of self-heating and local strain rate in polyamide-6 and short fibre glass/polyamide-6 under tension through synchronised full-field strain and temperature measurements Polym. Test. (IF 5.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-05 Daniele Finazzi, Yuriy Sinchuk, Ruben D.B. Sevenois, Lode Daelemans, Karen De Clerck, Gilles Robert, Wim Van Paepegem
This paper studies thermomechanical coupling during room-temperature tensile testing of polyamide-6 (PA6) and 50 wt% short glass fibre/PA6. The tests were performed for different fibre angles (0°, 45°, 90°), moisture contents (dry, 50%RH), and strain rates (, , ). Digital image correlation (DIC) was coupled with infrared thermography. The contribution of the local strains, strain rates and temperatures
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Experimental investigation of long-term performance of fiber-reinforced epoxy and polyurethane polymer composites Polym. Test. (IF 5.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-05 Abdel-Hamid I. Mourad, Amir Hussain Idrisi, Asima Zahoor, Muhammad M. Sherif, Beckry M. Abdel-Magid
The primary challenge encountered by polymers and their composites when exposed to saline water is their inadequate ability to withstand wear and tear over time. With a potential to replace conventional materials the long-term performance of FRP composites is still a novice area. This manuscript thus, reports an experimental investigation and prediction of the durability of fiber-reinforced polymer
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A novel approach for accurate determination of polyethylene and polypropylene content in polyolefin blends and recyclates by cross-fractionation chromatography Polym. Test. (IF 5.1) Pub Date : 2024-01-30 Magdalena Góra, Davide Tranchida, Andreas Albrecht, Alejandro J. Müller, Dario Cavallo
The accurate characterization of post-consumer recycled (PCR) polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) blends is essential for repurposing them into higher-demand applications. This study improves the accuracy of the Temperature Rising Elution Fractionation coupled with Gel Permeation Chromatography (TREFxGPC) approach for both virgin and post-consumer recycled PP/PE blends. Model blends and virgin
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Method for assessing the biodegradation of poly(lactic acid) in vitro (on agar plates): Application using PLA oligomers and Bacillus licheniformis vegetative cells or spores Polym. Test. (IF 5.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Pragadiswary Durairaju, Lynda Bouarab, Amandine Cottaz, Stella Planchon, Nadia Oulahal, Catherine Joly
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Investigation on the fundamental mechanical properties and probabilistic characteristics of unidirectional carbon fiber reinforced polymer composite plates Polym. Test. (IF 5.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Bin Huang, Minglei Ma, Xiaogang Liu, Zheng Shi, Anni Wang, Guowen Xu, Qing-rui Yue
This paper investigates the fundamental mechanical properties of tension, bending, shear, and torsion for unidirectional carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) plates. First, the mechanical properties of tension, bending, shear, and torsion for the unidirectional CFRP plates are tested, and the test results of relevant mechanical parameters are statistically analyzed. Secondly, the failure modes and
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Phosphorus-nitrogen synergistic flame retardant (PNFR) towards epoxy resin with excellent flame retardancy and satisfactory mechanical strength: An insight into pyrolysis and flame retardant mechanism Polym. Test. (IF 5.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Zongyi Deng, Minxian Shi, Yi Liang, Xueyuan Yang, Zhixiong Huang
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Accurate determination of polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) content in polyolefin blends using machine learning-assisted differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis Polym. Test. (IF 5.1) Pub Date : 2024-01-26 Amir Bashirgonbadi, Yannick Ureel, Laurens Delva, Rudinei Fiorio, Kevin M. Van Geem, Kim Ragaert
Polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) are among the most recycled polymers. However, these polymers present similar physicochemical characteristics and cross-contamination between them is commonly observed, affecting the quality of the recyclates. With the increasing demand for recycled plastics, understanding the composition of these materials is crucial. Numerous techniques have been introduced
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Effect of alkali treatment on water absorption deterioration and mechanism of wheat straw/PVC composites Polym. Test. (IF 5.1) Pub Date : 2024-01-26 Junqian Yang, Keping Zhang, Dongsheng Chen, Yanan Zhang, Xi Zhang, Zhongqing Yang
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Kinetic mathematical model with induction and reversion for the vulcanization of natural rubber and ethylene propylene diene monomer blend Polym. Test. (IF 5.1) Pub Date : 2024-01-23 G. Pianese, G. Milani, F. Milani
The complexity inherent in modeling and optimizing rubber cure processes stems from the intricate interplay between “induction” and “reversion” phenomena. During the vulcanization process, rubber compounds undergo a gradual initial decrease in torque in an “induction” phase. Following this, the primary vulcanization reaction triggers a swift surge in cross-link density. Interestingly, the density may
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Fabrication of poly(vinyl alcohol) foam/gel composite used for cold storage by combing molding foaming and freeze-thawing technologies Polym. Test. (IF 5.1) Pub Date : 2024-01-20 Limei Zhang, Yeping Xie, Li Li
Ice, the widely used low-temperature storage material, plays an important role in the short-time cold chain transportation. To avoid water leakage caused by ice melting, special encapsulation is needed, but inevitably leads to the single shape and the poor contact between ice and the cooled object. It is urgent to develop a new type of leakage-proof cold storage material. Accordingly, in this paper
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Constructing quasi-vertical carbon nanotubes fiber bridging on aluminum alloy with micro-channels to improve adhesive bonding with carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites Polym. Test. (IF 5.1) Pub Date : 2024-01-17 Fei Cheng, Guangming Yang, Shihao Zuo, Jinheng Zhang, Lin Wang, Qi Wan, Wanpeng Li, Lei Wang, Yunsen Hu, Xiaozhi Hu
The poor wettability and compatibility, and weak mechanical interaction of bonding interface are main concerns for adhesive bonding of aluminum (Al) alloy and carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite, limiting its high strength developing and industrialization. In this study, the united treatments of anodizing, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and resin pre-coating (RPC) were adopted to construct
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Mimicking real-field degradation of biodegradable plastics in soil and marine environments: From product utility to end-of-life analysis Polym. Test. (IF 5.1) Pub Date : 2024-01-20 Junhyeok Lee, Semin Kim, Sung Bae Park, Mira Shin, Soyoun Kim, Min-Sun Kim, Giyoung Shin, Taewook Kang, Hyo Jeong Kim, Dongyeop X. Oh, Jeyoung Park
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Strain-induced crystallisation of reinforced elastomers using surface calorimetry Polym. Test. (IF 5.1) Pub Date : 2024-01-19 Jean-Benoit Le Cam, William Amoako Kyei-Manu, Adel Tayeb, Pierre-Antoine Albouy, James J.C. Busfield
The crystallinity of rubbers which are amenable to crystallisation upon stretching is classically measured using X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. Recently, an alternative method for evaluating the crystallinity in unfilled natural rubber (NR) during stretching was proposed. This method is based on surface calorimetry principles (Le Cam, 2018) and was validated by XRD measurements in Le Cam et al
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Photodegradation of poly(ether-b-amide) catalyzed by bismuth radiopaque additive Polym. Test. (IF 5.1) Pub Date : 2024-01-19 Zhaoxu Wang, Matt Jolly, Reza Jahanbekam, Tony Anderson, Rahul Daga
Bismuth compounds (e.g., bismuth subcarbonate and bismuth oxychloride) are often used as radiopaque additives in poly(ether-b-amide) (PEBA) for medical catheter applications to enhance the visibility of the catheter tips during fluoroscopy-guided minimally invasive surgeries. However, there is an increasing number of reports on bismuth-based photocatalysts in other fields; yet the impact of bismuth
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Investigating the influence of operating variables on sealing performance of a V-ring seal stack in the oil and gas industry for enhanced environmental and operational performance Polym. Test. (IF 5.1) Pub Date : 2024-01-18 Md Monjur Hossain Bhuiyan, Ahmed Nazmus Sakib, Alfredo Becerril Corral, Zahed Siddique
Static V-ring seals, essential components in oil and gas industry valves, have received limited attention compared to rotary and reciprocating seals in previous research. This study fills this gap by meticulously investigating the performance of these seals under conditions involving minimal or no rotational movement, offering valuable insights into their functional capabilities. The objectives of
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Cellular viability of fibroblasts, osteoblasts and osteoclasts in response to bone adhesive alendronate-functionalized poly(2-oxazoline) Polym. Test. (IF 5.1) Pub Date : 2024-01-18 Machteld van Erk, Rosa Félix Lanao, Nicole Calon, Johannes Tropper, Sander C.G. Leeuwenburgh, Harry van Goor
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Aging of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and polyphthalamide (PPA) in polar and non-polar lubricant base oils Polym. Test. (IF 5.1) Pub Date : 2024-01-17 Pedro Martins Ferreira, Bruno Trindade, Mitjan Kalin
The lubrication of high-performance polymers allows the more widespread use of these materials in mechanical systems. This work aims to study the compatibility of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and polyphthalamide (PPA) with polar and non-polar lubricant base oils by inducing aging. Polymer discs were kept immersed in two polar synthetic esters, i.e., propylene glycol ester (PG) and trimethylolpropane
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Printability study by selective laser sintering of bio-based samples obtained by using PBS as polymeric matrix Polym. Test. (IF 5.1) Pub Date : 2024-01-09 Giovanna Colucci, Marco Piano, Federico Lupone, Desiree Baruffaldi, Francesca Frascella, Federica Bondioli, Massimo Messori
The emerging request to reduce the environmental impact of plastics encourages scientists to use novel sustainable polymeric materials for many applications fields. The present paper aims to use for the first-time poly (butylene succinate) (PBS), a biodegradable and compostable polymer, for Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) applications. PBS is a flexible semicrystalline aliphatic polyester, which can
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Visualization and quantification of microphase separation in thermoplastic polyurethanes under different hard segment contents and its effect on the mechanical properties Polym. Test. (IF 5.1) Pub Date : 2024-01-09 Miaoming Huang, Zheng Li, Wanlin Xu, Suqin He, Wentao Liu, Lei Jiang, Hao Liu
The microstructure and macroscopic properties of thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPUs) are significantly affected by their microphase separation. It is therefore of great interest to quantitatively characterize the microphase separation of TPUs and explore its connection with their mechanical properties. In this work, a method based on atomic force microscopy is proposed to visualize and quantify the
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Thermal volume expansion as seen by Temperature-modulated optical refractometry, Oscillating dilatometry and Thermo-mechanical analysis Polym. Test. (IF 5.1) Pub Date : 2024-01-14 Andreas Klingler, Maurice Gilberg, David Reisinger, Sandra Schlögl, Bernd Wetzel, Jan-Kristian Krüger
This paper revisits the experimental assessment of the thermal volume expansion behaviour via the novel technique of Temperature-modulated optical refractometry (TMOR) and compares it to two classical dilatometry techniques: Oscillating dilatometry (OD) and Thermo-mechanical analysis (TMA). This is done at the example of a model liquid (n-tetradecane, C14H30) and a homogeneous and isotropic, cross-linked
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Hydrogen bonding regulation on phase change in stimuli responsive copolymer aqueous solution Polym. Test. (IF 5.1) Pub Date : 2024-01-02 Ruqiang Dou, Yong Zhou, Hengxin Fang, Frank X. Liu, Xiao Yan, Biao Wang
Hydrogen bonding (HB) is vital for the phase transition and physical properties of stimuli responsive copolymers. However, the governing mechanism remains unclear. Herein, we investigated the HB dynamics in a representative thermo-responsive copolymer (PNIPAM-AM) aqueous solution. Three types of HB were identified: polymer-polymer chain (CO:H–N), polymer chain-water molecule (CO:H–O) and water-water
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Constrained amorphous interphase in plasticized poly(lactic acid): Composition and tensile elastic modulus estimation Polym. Test. (IF 5.1) Pub Date : 2024-01-06 Giovanna Molinari, Laura Aliotta, Mauro Gemmi, Andrea Lazzeri, Maria Cristina Righetti
The study investigates the distribution of the plasticizers acetyl triethyl citrate (ATEC) and acetyl tributyl citrate (ATBC) in the mobile amorphous (MAF) and rigid amorphous (RAF) fractions of semi-crystalline plasticized poly (lactic acid) (PLA) containing 5 wt% of plasticizer. During crystallization, the ATEC and ATBC concentration in the MAF increases from 5 to about 8 wt%. At the end of crystallization
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The testing and optimization of a bio-inspired textured piston for the BW-250 mud pump Polym. Test. (IF 5.1) Pub Date : 2023-12-31 Tianyu Gao, Yumo Wang, Bingxing Xie, Tingkun Chen, Jin Xu, Ning Zhang, Danna Tang
To reduce the friction, wear, and temperature of the piston-cylinder liner friction pair, we designed and processed 27 kinds of bio-inspired textured pistons with cylindrical pits. Based on the experimental optimization design method, friction test, wear test, and thermal imaging test were carried out. Results show that the textured pistons can significantly reduce the friction. Various texture parameters
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Mechanical properties and thermal characteristics of three nano-filler/silk fiber reinforced hybrid composites: A comparative study using a ductile epoxy resin matrix Polym. Test. (IF 5.1) Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Jian Zheng, Yulong Liu, Qingzhu Wang, Lan Cheng, Chunhua Zhang, Tonghua Zhang, Jiaxing Shao, Fangyin Dai
In contemporary developments across automotive, aerospace, and military industries, there is an ever-growing demand for lightweight and robust polymer composites. In this study, a ductile epoxy resin, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), cellulose nanofibers (CNFs), and silica nanoparticles were used to fabricate nano-fillers/epoxy composites and nano-fillers/silk fibers/epoxy hybrid composites through solution
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Copper(II) ion removal from aqueous solutions using alginate nanoparticles/ carboxymethyl cellulose/ polyethylene glycol ternary blend: Characterization, isotherm and kinetic studies Polym. Test. (IF 5.1) Pub Date : 2023-12-31 Thandapani Gomathi, Susi S, Mohammed Mujahid Alam, Abdullah G. Al-Sehemi, Radha E, Pazhanisamy P, Sekar Vijayakumar
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Evaluation of resin impregnation using self-sensing of carbon fibers Polym. Test. (IF 5.1) Pub Date : 2024-01-05 Jong-Hyun Kim, Zuo-Jia Wang, Ki-Eek Kwon, Woo-Seok Shim, Seong-Baek Yang, Dong-Jun Kwon
The wettability of fiber-reinforced composites plays a crucial role in both mechanical properties and the efficiency of the manufacturing process. This is particularly significant in large and intricate composite structures where any flaws can have more severe consequences. In this study, the impregnation of epoxy resin into carbon fiber (CF) mats in-situ was monitored by observing the electrical resistance
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XLPE high voltage insulation; A link between DC conductivity and microstructure Polym. Test. (IF 5.1) Pub Date : 2024-01-05 Amir Masoud Pourrahimi, Claire Pitois, Amirhossein Abbasi
Crosslinked low-density polyethylene (XLPE) with its simple chemical composition is currently used as the most promising material for the insulation layer in extruded power cables. The processability of low-density polyethylene during extrusion followed by its crosslinking results in an infusible network that withstands high operating temperatures. One of the most important electrical properties that
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Preparation and characterization of tungsten oxide fortified poly(urea-formaldehyde) microcapsules for self-healing coatings Polym. Test. (IF 5.1) Pub Date : 2024-01-05 W. Taylor Adams, Bryce Brechin, Thanh-Tam Truong
Radiation-resistant poly(urea-formaldehyde) (PUF) microcapsules with a bisphenol A diglycidyl ether/butyl glycidyl ether core were prepared via emulsion polymerization. Tungsten oxide (WO3) nanoparticles were incorporated into the polymer shell to improve radiation resistance of the resultant PUF microcapsules. Microcapsules prepared with modified WO3 nanoparticles had an average diameter of 117 μm
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Comparison of the effect of thermal and hygrothermal sub-Tg aging on the durability and appearance of multilayered filament wound composite structure Polym. Test. (IF 5.1) Pub Date : 2024-01-04 Chaman Srivastava, Ben Alcock, Are Strandlie, Sotirios A. Grammatikos
The study conducts an experimental investigation to compare the effect of accelerated aging on a glass fiber/vinylester matrix filament wound composite. Two static aging conditions, thermal and hygrothermal, were chosen. Samples were aged at temperatures below the glass transition temperature (Tg) of vinylester for 224 days. Mechanical test – ILSS and flexure testing and physicochemical assessments
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Heat generation mechanisms during induction heating of cross-ply carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic laminates Polym. Test. (IF 5.1) Pub Date : 2023-12-28 Mengjuan Li, Lihua Wen, Shiyu Wang, Jun Liang, Xiao Hou
Induction welding is considered to be one of the most promising welding technologies for carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic (CFRTP) composites. However, the uncertainty of heat generation mechanisms presents a challenge to regulating the temperature field uniformity. In this paper, a quantitative calculation method for the induction heating efficiency of various mechanisms was proposed for cross-ply
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Crystallization of poly(lactic acid) nucleated with the sorbitol TBPMN Polym. Test. (IF 5.1) Pub Date : 2023-12-31 F.F.G. Sebek, O.J. Nguon, A. Bartos, M. ten Brinke, M. van Drongelen, H. Gojzewski, J. Lefas, G.J. Vancso
We report on the crystallization of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) films in the presence of a sorbitol-based nucleating agent; 1,2,3-tridesoxy-4,6:5,7-bis-O-[(4-propylphenyl) methylene]-nonitol (TBPMN). Dispersion of the nucleating agent was performed by solution-mixing and melt-blending. Crystallization behavior was studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The structure and morphology were characterized
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Compression of additively manufactured PLA for biomedical applications: Effects of test conditions on properties of solid samples Polym. Test. (IF 5.1) Pub Date : 2023-12-28 Ilia Vindokurov, Yulia Pirogova, Mikhail Tashkinov, Vadim V. Silberschmidt
Understanding the mechanical behaviour of additively manufactured (AM) biomedical polymeric devices under various loading regimes is important for tailoring their design to specific applications. This paper presents the results of an experimental study of compressive mechanical properties of AM cubic samples of biocompatible polylactic acid (PLA) manufactured with fused filament fabrication. The measured