To improve the affinity of alginate to the hydrophobic drug molecules, such as ibuprofen, the Ugi four-component condensation reaction involving sodium alginate (SA), tosylmethyl isocyanide, propionaldehyde and octylamine was proposed to synthesize the novel amphiphilic alginate-bisamide derivative (AABD) without any organic solvents and catalysts. The molecular structure and self-aggregate behavior

Herein, poly (acrylic acid) (PAA) microgels were synthesized via alcohol type cross-linked by a free radical precipitation polymerization approach. At the first time, 1,6-hexanediol (1–6 diol), trimethylolpropane (TMP), and pentaerythritol (PEN) were selected as multifunctional cross- linking agent to synthesize cross-linked poly(acrylic acid) microgels. Alcohol type cross-linking agents can connect

Extracted cellulose fibers from Quinoa wastes were successfully incorporated with multi-walled carbon nanotubes/ZnO (MWCNTs/ZnO). Manganese complex was supported on natural cellulose and reacted with MWCNT/Zn bio-nanocomposite to have MWCNT/ZnO/Mn complex@oxidized cellulose. This novel bio-nanocomposite was characterized by SEM, TEM, FT-IR, TGA, and EDS. The catalytic activity of this composite was

Thermoplastic elastomers, such as styrene–butadiene–styrene (SBS), significantly enhance the properties of asphalt binders. This study first highlights the drawbacks of binder modification using chemically grafted polyethylene (g-PE) and then demonstrates the process by which g-PE can be used in combination with SBS. The important role of chemical grafting, sulphur content, and melt flow index (MFI)

Cationic polymers with primary amine groups that can easily be functionalized or coupled with substrates by complexation or hydrogen bonding are especially advantageous in preparing particles for biomedical applications. Poly(vinyl amine) (PVAm) is a cationic polyelectrolyte containing the highest number of primary amine groups among any other polymers. Here, we introduce a general method in synthesizing

In this research, the MgO nanoparticles were incorporated into (acrylic acid /polyvinyl alcohol) PAA/PVA hydrogel by using gamma radiation technique at a dose rate of 1.9 kGy/k. The unique properties of MgO nanoparticles as structure, active surface properties, and stability make such nanoparticles have considerable potential as antimicrobial agents in food applications. In spite of known antibacterial

The hydrogels are three-dimensional, water-swollen structures composed mainly of hydrophilic homo-polymers or copolymers utilized in various fields. This review explains in detail about the various methods used in the synthesis of hydrogel, their loading mechanism, their swelling index, their chemical and physical properties, and also comparative analysis between chemo-drug and drug-entrapped hydrogel

In this work, a biologically active curcumin molecule is used as an antibacterial agent, and the insertion of this naturally occurring biomolecule into the backbone of water-dispersible polyurethane has been successfully achieved to synthesize bio-based antibacterial textile finishes. These curcumin-based water-dispersible polyurethane (CUR-WDPU) dispersions were prepared by utilizing isophorone diisocyanate

Current trends in scientific studies focus on the development of smartphone-based biosensors via green nanoparticle for clinical diagnosis, food, and environmental monitoring. In this study, we developed a novel portable smartphone-based biosensor via green dendrimer-coated matcha extract/silver nanoparticles (ME-Ag NPs) enriched with polyphenol for detecting hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Also, we investigated

Nowadays, silver nanoparticle (AgNP)-embedded nanocomposite hydrogels are very attractive soft materials for biomedical applications. In this investigation, AgNPs were incorporated into ionic double network (IDN) hydrogels by in-situ reduction of AgNO3 using citric acid in the fully swollen hydrogels. The IDN hydrogels were pH-responsive multifunctional double network consisting of poly(vinyl alcohol)-borax

In this research, aniline–indole copolymer nanoparticles with different molar ratios were synthesized successfully by chemical oxidative polymerization, using ferric chloride (FeCl3) as an oxidant agent in sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) micellar solution. For comparison, pure polyindole and polyaniline nanoparticles were also prepared at the same conditions. The synthesized polymer powders were characterized

Antimicrobial textiles are functionally active textiles, which may kill the microorganisms or inhibit their growth. The present article explores the applications of different synthetic and natural antimicrobial compounds used to prepare antimicrobial textiles. Different types of antimicrobial textiles including: antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral have also been discussed. Different strategies

In this study, poly(3-methylthiophene) modified electrode as a voltammetric sensor was developed for the detection of florfenicol (FF). Firstly, for the modification of glassy carbon electrode (GCE), 3-methylthiophene (3-MTF) was polymerized in acetonitrile (AcN) containing tetrabutylammonium tetrafluoroborate (TBATFB) by cyclic voltammetry (CV) method. Then, in order to determine the florfenicol sensor

This study presents the characterization and thermal kinetic analysis of LDPE/carbonation sludge composites with different weight fractions (10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50%). Tensile, Young's modulus, hardness, morphological, thermal stability, flame retardant and dynamic mechanical properties of the produced LDPE/carbonation sludge composites were evaluated and compared. Analysis results revealed that

The formation of a robust photocatalytic hydrophobic hybrid coating on a polymer substrate via a simple process, such as dip-coating, is useful for practical applications but still challenging. In this study, the photocatalytic coating is prepared by nano-TiO2 hydrosol and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), which has both photocatalytic and hydrophobic properties. The as-prepared TiO2/PDMS coating can be

This research aimed to develop films based on chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol. These films were plasticized with glycerol, sunflower oil, and glucose. Mixtures of chitosan and polyvinyl alcohol were prepared at a ratio of 1:1 (w:w). Plasticizers were added at final concentrations of 20, 40, and 60% (chitosan weight/w). Physicochemical and mechanical properties of films were analyzed. The results indicated

Polyphosphazene microspheres (PZS) multispectral encoded by fluorescence and surface enhanced Raman spectra (SERS) were prepared and used as solid phase carrier of capture antibody for antibody detection. A variety of fluorescent encoded polyphosphazene microspheres (FPZS) incorporating single and multiple fluorescent molecules were prepared. Multiple SERS encoded polyphosphazene microspheres (SPZS)

The need for a viable and sustainable environment has triggered the increased preference for eco-friendly agro-based biosorbents to synthetic ones. In this study, a superabsorbent hydrogel (‘c-hydrogel’) synthesized from a renewable agro-based precursor via polyacrylonitrile (PAN) graft copolymerization and subsequent hydrolysis was utilized for aqueous lead [Pb(II)] uptake. The chemical structure

Plasticised poly(lactic acid) (PLA)-based antimicrobial films were successfully produced via solvent-casting method. For this purpose, PLA copolymer-bearing quaternary ammonium salt in rate of 5 mol% was successfully fabricated through a two-step reaction procedure, i.e. combination of ring-opening copolymerization and copper(I)-catalysed azide–alkyne cycloaddition click reactions. The synthesized

In this study, we synthesized an aliphatic–aromatic regular network as a novel covalent organic networks called TEPN-1 (Thiol-ene Polymer Network) and TEPN-2 via thiol-ene chemistry. TEPN-1 and TEPN-2 were analyzed by FTIR, 13C-NMR, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller, thermogravimetric analysis and elemental analysis. Solvent uptake capacity of TEPN-1 and TEPN-2 was employed against 26 solvents which are frequently

Bio-reduction of composite materials is the modern approach to facilitate the researchers to avoid toxic chemical exposure during reduction process. In this study, the green reduction of graphene oxide using Abutilon indicum (Tamil name: Thuthi) plant leaves extracted from various solvents were used as green filler material (0.3, 0.6 and 1 wt.%) in glass fibre epoxy composite. Compression moulding

Chitosan-graft-polyaniline (Chi-g-PANI) copolymer was successfully synthesized via the chemical oxidative polymerization method. The influence of various synthesis conditions, including the weight ratio of chitosan/aniline, amount of ammonium persulfate (APS), concentration of nitric acid ([HNO3]) and synthesis temperature, on grafting % and electrical conductivity of Chi-g-PANI copolymer was investigated

Dibenzo-18-crown-6 (DB18C6) as a host compound was doped into polyacrylonitrile (PAN) solution. The composite nanofibers (DB18C6/PAN) were prepared by the electrospinning. The morphology, chemical structure and thermal stability of nanofibers were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and thermal gravimetric analysis

Novel macro-xanthate agents containing azo initiator and polyethylene glycol (PEG) were synthesized to prepare block copolymers via macromolecular design by an interchange of xanthate (MADIX) polymerization. In this system, the multifunctional agents were used as both macromolecular chain transfer agents and free radical sources. Polystyrene–polyethylene glycol–polystyrene (PS-PEG-PS) copolymers were

This experimental study is conducted to investigate the effects of boric acid additive into polypropylene in terms of microstructure formation and thermal properties. Boric acid granules are added into pure polypropylene at three mass rates of 0.5, 1.5, and 2.5% which are notated as PP/BA-0.5, PP/BA-1.5, and PP/BA-2.5, respectively. The pure polypropylene material (pure PP) and boric acid reinforced

On the total earth wastes, nearly one-third was packaging wastes. Most of the packaging materials are non-biodegradable and non-recyclable. To overcome these issues, researchers turned their attention to develop biodegradable films(bio-films). In this article, through the solution casting method bio-films were developed by using water-soluble polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and various proportions (5–25wt%)

Polymeric blends are attractive drug delivery systems in the current era to provide controlled, pH-sensitive or targeted release of different drugs, and these blends can increase patient compliance by reducing dosing frequency. The aim of this research study was to prepare controlled release pH-sensitive okra gum/gelatin-based polymeric blend (OKMA-GEL) through aqueous polymerization method. The cytarabine

The aim of this work is to evaluate the effect of poly-ε-caprolactone addition and concentration on the gas permeability, tensile properties and biodegradation of PBAT/PCL blends prepared by extrusion in a bench scale single-screw extruder. The blends were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), tensile properties, permeability to oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) gas and biodegradation

Packaging of food is required to ensure the safe handling and distribution of processed food products from the spot of production to the boundary consumer. Polymers and bioactive compounds are used as surrogates for the production of biodegradable food wrappings to ameliorate the nutritional value and improve the shelf life of highly putrescible food products. Moreover, they are environmentally friendly

Developing advanced organic cathodes with significant charge–discharge performances would prove a potential alternative for traditionally inorganic cathode materials of lithium-ion batteries in the future. Herein, a conductive polymer as electrode with improved electrochemical performances was reported. Polyaniline (PANI) with fibrous morphology was firstly polymerized by using perchloric acid (HClO4)

A silicone with hydrogen bonds and double bonds in the side chain was synthesized by blending method, and its structure was determined using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR). Then, the silicone was used to modify Al2O3, and the chemical composition and thermal stability of Al2O3 were verified by FTIR, X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal gravimetric analysis (TG)

In this work, carbon fibers (CFs) were modified by electrodeposition Ni, and the mechanical properties as well as the electrical properties of Ni-coated carbon fibers (Ni-CFs) reinforced rigid polyurethane (RPU) composites were evaluated. It was found that the strength and toughness of RPU composites were both significantly improved. It was remarkable that the tensile and the impact strength of Ni-CFs/RPU

Among nanomaterials, we can now distinguish a special class called nanoflowers (NFs). These new nanostructures have aroused the interest of scientists due to the topographic features of nanolayers, the special location which allows a higher surface-to-volume ratio compared to classical spherical nanoparticles, thereby significantly increasing the efficiency of surface reactions for nanoflowers. The

This paper aims to fabricate of (PEO-PVP) blend doped with SnO2/MnO2 NPs for photodegradation of organic pollutants with low cost, high activity high propagation and anti-aggregation of nanoparticles compare with other materials.The polymer blend was prepared with ratio: 80 wt.% PEO and 20 wt.% PVP. The structural and optical properties of (PEO-PVP-SnO2-MnO2) nanocomposites have been studied in wavelength

A proton-conducting biopolymer electrolyte system based on corn starch doped with 0.0 to 4.0 wt% of Al(OH)3 has been prepared through the solution casting method. Scanning electron microscopy and confocal micrographs showed a partial alteration of starch granule boundary and aluminum agglomerates formation as a function of the Al(OH)3 concentration. X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared

The objective was to develop a reservoir-type nimesulide gel patch for controlled drug delivery and avoid the gastrointestinal adverse effects associated with the oral delivery of nimesulide. Six patch formulations of nimesulide gel comprising of 20–40% for ethanol and 20–40% for propylene glycol as permeation enhancers were constructed. Carbopol 934 was used as a gelling agent. The reservoir compartment

This work presents an interesting alternative for improving thermoplastic polyurethane's (TPUs) tribological properties by incorporating styrene-ethylene/butylene-styrene triblock copolymer (SEBS) via melt blending. Two TPUs with different molar masses, two compatibilizers SEBS-g-MA (C1) and SEBS-b-TPU (C2) and paraffinic oil were used in the formulated blends. The raw materials' effect on the morphology

Polythiophene (PTP) was functionalized on rGO nanosheets by in situ polymerization process, and SMA was decorated on another rGO by simple ultrasonic method. Then, chemical bonding between anhydride of PSMA and amidogen of PTP fabricated the novel rGO/PSMA-PTP/rGO (GSPG) composite. The rare earth ions (Re3+ = La3+, Ce3+ and Pr3+) were doped into the GSPG composite by physical mixing to prepare the

Effect of organoclays on the mechanical properties of glass-epoxy nanocomposites at 2 wt% filler loading has been reported. Organoclays were dispersed by ultrasonication method and nanocomposites were fabricated using hand layup technique. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, tensile and flexural tests were conducted to evaluate mechanical properties of nanocomposites as per ASTM standards

In this work, the effect of inclusion of 0.5 to 2 wt% multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) in epoxy on the performance of the epoxy-carbon fabric (CF) composites is analyzed. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) correlated the dispersion of the nanofillers and morphology of the nanocomposites. The tensile and fracture properties of the composites improved significantly with MWCNT

SB compounds were synthesized from (para, ortho, meta)-phenylenediamine as a cross-linking agent through vanillin. The chemical structure of the formed SB complexes is confirmed by FT-IR spectroscopy. Among the three complexes, para-phenylenediamine (p-SB), possessing a stable resonance structure with the lowest steric repulsion, was obtained in the highest yield of 87%. Hence, the present work focused

In this study, we fabricated a novel CMC/Chitosan-α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles (NPs)-coated 17–4 PH stainless-steel foam. The CMC/Chitosan matrix was preferred as a stabilizing role in the uniform dispersion of α-Fe2O3 NPs in the colloidal solution. The BET, SEM/EDX, XRD, and FT-IR techniques were used to determine the functional groups and surface of the nanostructure. The α-Fe2O3 NPs were uniformly dispersed

Ochratoxin A (OTA), a group of highly toxic fungal secondary metabolites, is one of the most common mycotoxins that contaminate a wide range of agricultural products. Herein, we designed a label-free and selective surface plasmon resonance (SPR) based sensor for detection of OTA contamination in dried fig. The molecularly imprinted polymer film (MIP) was fabricated onto the SPR sensor chip by using

In this elucidation, we synthesized novel molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPOH1-4) that were used as organic fillers on bagasse pulp to form cellulosic paper sheets, the formation of MIPOH1-4 from the reaction of enaminone 3 with methyl methacrylate monomer in the presence of ethylene glycol dimethyl acrylate and 2,2’-azobisisobutyronitrile. The obtained MIPOH1-4 was confirmed via FT-IR and SEM with

In this investigation, we decided to prepare efficient aerogel for loading and releasing drug in vitro situation. Here we introduced the synthesis of gelatin-based cross-linking poly vinyl acetate/acrylic acid aerogel and nanoclay aerogel, which synthesized by free radical condition and called gelatin-g-VA–AA (A) and gelating-VA–AA/MMT (B), respectively, and they were used them for drug delivery of

The present paper reports a continuous microfluidic approach for the preparation of microcapsules (MCs), by interfacial polymerization, with a polyurea/polyurethane (PUa/PU) shell containing isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI). The microfluidic system enables the formation of a monodisperse oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion by a separate flow of the reagents along the tubing system, which posteriorly meet at

PEO/PVDF–HFP [poly(ethylene oxide)/poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene)] solid polymer electrolyte blend incorporating varying weights of LiTFSI [lithium bis (trifluoromethane) sulfonimide] salt was prepared. The blend with 20 wt.% of salt that exhibits maximum ionic conductivity was subjected to microstructural modification by exposing to low-energy ions of oxygen at different fluences

Recently, injection molding process has generated growing interest, exhibiting great potential to easily fabricate unique polymeric materials for industrial applications. To increase the sustainability of the process, determinative parameters and their effects should be examined. This study focuses on the effect of melt temperature on as-injection molded product, thereby high-density polyethylene samples

A novel composite adsorbent was prepared from chitosan (Ch) and sepiolite (S) for removal of Pb(II) from aqueous solution. The Ch-S composite beads were successfully synthesized by crosslinking epichlorohydrin (ECH) and tripolyphosphate (NaTPP). A number of physicochemical parameters such as, pH, initial Pb(II) concentration, temperature, contact time and desorption have been studied during the adsorption