Abstract A hybrid nanocomposite based on ethylene propylene diene monomer/carboxylated styrene-butadiene rubber (EPDM/XSBR) blend with different concentrations (0–7 phr) of multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) was prepared on a two-roll mill. The role of grafted maleic anhydride (EPDM-g-MA) as compatibilizer and the effect of different concentrations of MWCNT on mechanical properties, morphology, rheological

Abstract Flexible polyurethane foams (FPUFs) have been modified to contain layered double hydroxides (LDHs) by dihydrogen phosphate (H2PO4 −). The thermal stability of the prepared foams has been characterized using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) at 5, 10, 20, 30, and 40 °C/min heating rates. The experimental data indicate that the temperature range for the two pyrolysis stages of FPUF is about 212–350 °C

Abstract Recent regulations restricting the use of one-use-plastics open the possibility to develop starch-based edible packaging material. The objective of this work was to determine the effect of three different modified starches on starch and dextrin composite edible films by a mixture design approach on edible films’ mechanical properties. The amylose content of chemically modified starches influenced

Abstract Artemisia vulgaris hydrogel (AVH) was acetylated (AAVH) and characterized by FTIR, CP/MAS 13C-NMR spectroscopic techniques and thermogravimetric analysis. Flynn–Waal–Ozawa model was used to investigate thermal degradation kinetics. Energy of activation (Ea) values of first and major thermal degradation steps were found to be 128.14 and 116.85 kJmol−1 for AVH and AAVH, respectively. Thermodynamic

Abstract The primary objective of this study is to improve the properties of NR/PVA blend which is cured using glutaraldehyde at low temperature. PMMA grafted on to NR with different grafting levels has been prepared and confirmed the grafting reaction by TEM, FT-IR and 1H-NMR. The effect of PMMA contents on NR with 1 phr of nano-clay on the mechanical properties and thermal stability has also been

Abstract The structure and composition of polycarbonate polydimethylsiloxane copolymer (PC-co-PDMS) was investigated by applying various analytical approaches including chromatographic separation methods, spectrometric, and spectroscopic detection techniques. In particular, size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and liquid adsorption chromatography operating at different conditions (e.g. using gradient

Abstract Blends of chitosan/natural rubber latex (CS/NRL) with different ratios of CS have been prepared by solution casting technique followed by exposure to different doses (10, 25, 50, and 100 kGy) of gamma radiation. The blends were characterized by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, mechanical properties, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. The

Abstract The chlorotrifluoroethylene (CTFE) content in vinylidene fluoride (VDF)-CTFE copolymers greatly influences the chemical and physical properties and ultimately determines the application. The copolymer known as FK-800 has a VDF:CTFE ratio of ∼1:3 and is used almost exclusively as the binder in the insensitive high explosive (HE) formulation PBX 9502. Due to the dangerous nature of HE work and

Abstract Mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) with cloisite® 15A clay in polyimide (PI) matrix were matured for gas separation applications. The inorganic cations of clay were replaced with cloisite® 15A as modifier. The altered cloisite® 15A clay showed excellent dispersion in the polymer matrix as evident from TEM micrographs. Uniform dispersion of cloisite® 15A clay improved the thermal properties of MMMs

Abstract New polymer electrolytes have been prepared from room temperature ionic liquid (IL) and poly(vinylidene fluoride)-hexafluoropropylene copolymer [PVdF-HFP]. The variation of thermal and electrical properties with varying polymer to IL concentration was investigated. The electrolytes had high thermal stabilities. The IL-PVdF-HFP electrolytes were freestanding, flexible films with room temperature

High-impact copolymers of propylene and ethylene are complex materials with several components and at least two different phases, a crystalline polypropylene (PP) matrix and a predominantly amorphous ethylene–propylene copolymer (EPC) normally present as disperse particles. Next to overall composition analysis and morphology studies, fractionation into crystalline and amorphous components followed

Two series of benzoxazines were synthesized from o-, m-, and p-methoxyphenols, two polyetheramines with different molecular weights, and formaldehyde. The glass transition temperatures (T gs) of m-methoxyphenol-based polybenzoxazines are respectively higher than those of o- and p-methoxyphenol-based counterparts. The polybenzoxazines exhibit thermally induced one-way dual-shape memory behavior based

The high-frequency dielectric relaxation of aqueous solutions of protonated diallylammonium polyelectrolyte, namely poly(diallylmethylammonium trifluoroacetate) has been studied at the maximum water dispersion frequencies, 7.5–25 GHz, and temperatures of 288, 298, and 308 K. Dielectric relaxation parameters have been calculated and compared with similar characteristics of aqueous solutions of monomer

The present study involves the fabrication of CH and CH-Ag hydrogel beads and the investigation of the antimicrobial properties. The beads were fabricated using a simple coacervation method. The successfully synthesized beads were characterized by UV-Vis and FTIR. The surface morphology, shape and diameter of the samples were determined by optical microscopy and SEM. The antimicrobial activities were

The influence of tungsten oxide on thermal and mechanical properties of Isophthalic polyester was studied in detail. Ultrasonication technique was successful in dispersing WO3 filler particles upto 40 wt% into the polymer matrix and was confirmed through the Scanning Electron Microscopy technique. The mechanical strength of the composites was found to increase with increase in the WO3 content and is

In this work, three epoxy resins including diglycidyl ethers of N,N′-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)pyromellitimide (DIDGE), bisphenol-A (BADGE), and polyethylene glycol (PEDGE) were isothermally cured by an amine curing agent possessing N,N′-disubstituted pyromellitimide units (denoted by DIDAM). DIDGE resin was synthesized from the reaction of N,N′-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)pyromellitimide with an excess of epichlorohydrin

The chlorometylated styrene–divinylbenzene copolymer with different percent of divinylbenzene (code: S-6.7 DVB, S-12DVB, and S-15DVB) was functionalized with 3-hydroxybenzaldehyde for obtaining intermediated polymers. The aminotrimethoxysilanphosphonate groups were grafted by one-pot reactions in tetrahydrofuran using three components: polymers grafted with aldehyde groups (code: CHO-6.7, CHO-12, and

Time–temperature superposition is a well-established principle used in the constitutive description of viscoelastic polymers. To expand the description to moisture-induced plasticization effects, two epoxide-based molding compounds used in microelectronics packaging were characterized by dynamic mechanical analysis under varying temperature and moisture controlled environments in their glassy regime

In this work, three epoxy resins including diglycidyl ethers of N,N′-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)pyromellitimide (DIDGE), bisphenol-A (BADGE), and polyethylene glycol (PEDGE) were isothermally cured by an amine curing agent possessing N,N′-disubstituted pyromellitimide units (denoted by DIDAM). DIDGE resin was synthesized from the reaction of N,N′-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)pyromellitimide with an excess of epichlorohydrin

The chlorometylated styrene–divinylbenzene copolymer with different percent of divinylbenzene (code: S-6.7 DVB, S-12DVB, and S-15DVB) was functionalized with 3-hydroxybenzaldehyde for obtaining intermediated polymers. The aminotrimethoxysilanphosphonate groups were grafted by one-pot reactions in tetrahydrofuran using three components: polymers grafted with aldehyde groups (code: CHO-6.7, CHO-12, and

The high-frequency dielectric relaxation of aqueous solutions of protonated diallylammonium polyelectrolyte, namely poly(diallylmethylammonium trifluoroacetate) has been studied at the maximum water dispersion frequencies, 7.5–25 GHz, and temperatures of 288, 298, and 308 K. Dielectric relaxation parameters have been calculated and compared with similar characteristics of aqueous solutions of monomer

A biocompatible zinc (II) complex based on a tetradentate N,N,O,O-type salen ligand was synthesized, characterized and used for the solvent-free ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of L-lactide in bulk at 180 °C to prepare high molecular weight poly(L-lactide) (Mn : 82,600 Da; Mw : 140,000 Da; PDI: 1.70). Poly(L-lactide) (PLLA) was characterized using FTIR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, GPC, TGA, DSC, WAXD, and MALDI-ToF

A novel hydrolysis-resistant superabsorbent composite was prepared via the solution polymerization based on acrylic acid (AA) and sodium bentonite (SBT) as monomers, tetraallylammonium bromine (TAAB) as crosslinker and ammonium persulfate (APS) as initiator. The mechanism of polymerization and the structure of the superabsorbent polymer (SAP) were studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

In this paper, a series of porous nanohydroxyapatite/silk fibroin/chitosan (nHA/SF/CTS) scaffolds were successfully prepared using the freeze-drying method. The biomaterials were characterized by attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and mechanical testing and thermogravimetric analysis. Moreover, studies of porosity, pore size, swelling properties and in vitro degradation

A triazine-based macromolecular hybrid charring agent containing zinc borate (MCA-K-ZB) was synthesized and combined with ammonium polyphosphate (APP) to improve the flame retardancy of polypropylene (PP). The flame retardancy and thermal properties of PP composites were investigated using limited oxygen index, vertical burning test, and thermogravimetric analysis. The results showed APP/MCA-K-ZB can

pH-sensitive eight-arm star-shaped polymer with calix[8]arene core and block copolymer of poly(2-methoxycarbonylethyl-2-oxazoline) and poly(2-isopropyl-2-oxazoline) arms was synthesized for the first time. The block composition was 1:1 and molar mass was 24000 g⋅mol−1. The behavior of synthesized star in aqueous solutions was analyzed by turbidity and light scattering at the pH values from 2 to 12

Hydrogel composites from polyvinyl alcohol and chitosan have been developed by various researchers as a function of their composition for various medical applications. Although, the solubility of chitosan in acidic solvents may limit its wide bioengineering applications. In this article, we demonstrate that polyvinyl alcohol-chitosan oligosaccharide (water soluble) to develop cross-linked hydrogel

An injectable composite hydrogel composed of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and bioactive glass (BG) particles were synthesized by a physical crosslinking approach. The morphology, mechanical properties, and viscoelasticity of the PVA/BG composite hydrogel were characterized. Scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) showed uniform and homogeneous distribution of BG particles throughout the composite hydrogel

Poly(propylene imine) dendrimers from first and third generation modified with 1,8-naphthalimide units and their Cu(II) complexes have been characterized by fluorescence and EPR spectroscopy. Cotton fabric has been modified with these dendrimers and their color characteristics were determined. The antimicrobial activity of dendrimer ligands and their Cu(II) complexes in solution and after their deposition

A series of waterborne polyurethane-polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (WBPU-POSS) dispersions were synthesized. Different POSS contents were used to evaluate the effect of POSS content on silicone enrichment under both nonimmersed and immersed conditions. The impact of silicone enrichment under immersed conditions on antifouling properties was also evaluated. The structure of the WBPU-POSS coating

The linearized evaporative light scattering detector (ELSD) allows the evaluation of molecular weight distributions (MWD) of a range of polymers using conventional gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and is a suitable replacement for the differential refractive index (DRI) detector in applications which will benefit from fast equilibration, solvent gradients or when working with low polymer concentrations

The polymer composite of electrically conducting polyaniline with polyvinylidene fluoride is prepared to study the electrical conductivity and structural modifications. The electrical conductivity studies were made by varying frequency from 100 Hz to 5 MHz at room temperature. The AC conductivity remained almost constant at lower frequencies and for higher frequencies the conductivity increased. The

Copolymers of styrene (STY) and methylmetacrylate (MMA) are widely employed due to the low price of the starting monomers coupled with their synthetic versatility. A chromatographic method was developed for the simultaneous determination of the conversion degree of the single components of the polymer during the copolymerization reaction and the composition of the produced copolymer. The crude reaction

Dual functional photosensitive epoxy resins were synthesized by solution polycondensation of 1,3-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propenone (BHPP) and 3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propenone (HMPHPP) with epichlorohydrin. The characterization of synthesized epoxy resins comprised Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR spectroscopic techniques. The thermal properties

The current research attempts on the development of hybrid polymer composites with the natural fibres basalt and kenaf using hand layup technique. The composites were made at four different sequence combination to realize the hybrid composite with three stack layers, and it was compared with the individual three-stack layered basalt and kenaf composite. The mechanical behavior of the developed natural

In this investigation, nano basalt reinforced neat epoxy nanocomposites have been fabricated. Neat epoxy along with five various compositions of the nano basalt fillers from 1 to 5 wt.% in steps of 1 wt.% were used in this investigation. Density, tensile strength, microhardness, and thermal stability examination were performed as per ASTM standards. The morphology studies reveal that the basalt nanofillers

Hybrid composites have two or more reinforcement materials with tailored properties. This work deals with the development and investigation of mechanical properties such as tensile, flexural and impact behaviors of five layered carbon-jute-banana fiber reinforced composite which is a novel epoxy hybrid composite. Six different hybrid composites in a woven mat with varying stacking sequences of symmetrical

The effects of ultraviolet (UV)-induced chemical bond formation on the dispersion/aggregation state of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in poly(4-chloromethyl)styrene/MWCNT composites and their electrical conductivity were examined using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and fractal dimensional analysis of the TEM images. The composites prepared with UV irradiation exhibited lower electrical

The synthesis of catechol polymers often demands tedious protection and deprotection steps. In this work, the role of a guanidine base to subdue the catechol functions and promote the ring-opening polymerization (ROP) is suggested. Accordingly, guanidine, 7-methyl-1,5,7-triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec-5-ene (MTBD), was employed to mediate ROP of N-carboxyanhydride (NCA) from a catechol initiator. MTBD played

The influence of seven-month aging on molecular motion in blends of biodegradable poly(butylene-adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) and corn starch plasticized with water, urea (U) and/or glycerol (G) was studied using solid-state 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. Changes in 1H and 13C NMR spectra due to aging in G-containing blends are explained by starch retrogradation. The increasing number of urea-glycerol

Nanofibrous scaffold holds a great potential in remodeling of the damaged tissue. This work attempts to fabricate a fibrous wound dressing scaffold based on polyurethane (PU) mats reinforced with turmeric oil via electrospinning technique. The field emission electron microscopy (FESEM) depicted the smaller fiber diameter of nanocomposites compared to polyurethane. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

Collagen (COL) membrane possesses poor mechanical properties and low surface hydrophilicity. In this paper, COL films were modified by graphene oxide (GO) and polydopamine (PDA), the COL–GO–PDA composite films were prepared. The interaction between the surface self-assembled PDA and the COL membrane modified with different concentrations of GO was studied. Membranes were studied systematically by Attenuated

Herein, poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) microspheres with different size and distribution were synthesized via one-step dispersion polymerization, using methyl methacrylate (MMA), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), and sodium styrene sulfonate (NaSS) as monomer, stabilizer, and co-monomer, respectively. The influence of MMA, PVP, and NaSS concentrations on the particle size and distribution of PMMA was investigated

Recycling of industrial waste into a useful component is very necessary than dumping into the nature. Silica fumes, a byproduct of producing silicon metal or ferrosilicon alloys, are used in this study as filler material in the composite. This study deals with the dynamic and vibration properties of the natural fabric reinforced polymer hybrid composites containing silica fumes. The composites are

The demand of biomaterials in cardiovascular application was increasing day by day and its utilization is restricted by its mechanical and biocompatible properties. This paper aims to design a novel polyurethane nanocomposite added with juniper and titanium dioxide (TiO2) through electrospinning process. Wettability analysis of the composite showed its improved hydrophobic nature and its fibers were

In this study, one of the higher Poly α-olefins, poly1-hexene (PHex), was rationalized for possible application in in-vitro drug delivery system. In this aspect, PHex was synthesized using a conventional TiCl4/MgCl2/TEAL Ziegler-Natta catalyst. The synthesized polymer was characterized by NMR, GPC, and cellular toxicity methods. Then, the effect of triethylcitrate and glycerin plasticizers on the topography

Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) has been widely used in flexible sensors, nanogenerators, and other fields because of its good physical properties. The influence of the content of β phase in its crystalline form has a great influence on its performance. In order to obtain PVDF membrane with high β phase content, electrospinning is an important technology. However, the parameters of electrospinning

In this review, the system of multi-level collagen aggregates including collagen molecular, collagen fiber, advanced collagen aggregates, and tissues was reviewed. The preparation methods of multi-level collagen aggregates were introduced, and the relationship between structure and properties of them was analyzed and clarified. The general rule of structure-activity relationship of multi-level collagen

Amount of wood flour was gradually increased from 0 to 50 wt% in the production of polylactic acid (PLA) based filaments with 1.75 mm diameter using twin screw extruder. Surface roughness and wettability were measured of the specimens. Surface roughness of the specimens significantly increased with incorporation of wood flour into PLA filament. Wettability of the specimens significantly decreased with

Thermo- and pH-responsive statistical copolymers of N-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate and lauryl methacrylate were synthesized by free radical copolymerization. Obtained samples differed in content of hydrophobic components (3 and 6 mol. %). Their molar masses were close to 30,000 g/mol. Self-organization in buffer solutions of copolymers were studied using light scattering and turbidimetry. It was

Collagen-chitosan (COL-CS) membranes materials without a cross-linking agent have poor mechanical properties. In this paper, COL-CS membranes were modified by a novel naturally-derived crosslinker, alginate dialdehyde (ADA) with different oxidation degree, and the COL-CS-ADA films were obtained. COL-CS-ADA films were characterized by Fourier transform attenuation total reflection infrared spectroscopy

In this study, a series of novel ABA-type triblock azo-copolymers (TBCs) consisting of PEG and PCAEMA segments were synthesized by RAFT polymerization. The TBCs were characterized by 1H-NMR, GPC, DSC, OPM, AFM, GISAXS, and UV-vis. Number-average molecular weight (≤34,200 g/mol) and molecular weight distribution (≤1.44) were slightly increased with increasing the feed molar ratio of monomer to macroinitiator

(2019). Chain microstructure and conformation of partially quaternized poly(dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) International Journal of Polymer Analysis and Characterization: Vol. 24, No. 7, pp. 610-618.

A novel waterborne polyurethane (PU), based on (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) that contains phenolic hydroxyl group, was successfully synthesized and characterized. The structural study of PU based on EGCG through FT-IR confirmed the incorporation of EGCG into the chain of PU. The results of X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed that the introduction of EGCG changed the crystallization behavior of

Physiochemical properties of the fabricated scaffolds play a crucial role in influencing the cellular response for the new tissue growth. In this study, electrospun polyurethane (PU) scaffolds incorporated with green synthesized nickel oxide nanoparticles and groundnut oil (GO) were fabricated using electrospinning technique. First, synthesis of nickel oxide (NiO) was done using leaf extract of Plectranthus

Additive manufacturing circumscribes numerous technologies that allow for the construction of three-dimensional parts by superimposing layers of material. These technologies have undergone greater development in recent years. In this work, using 3D additive printing technology, the samples are prepared using biodegradable wood-PLA composite by varying the layer height (0.08 mm, 0.16 mm, and 0.24 mm)

Tamarind nut powder (TNP) from kitchen waste of tamarind nuts was modified with in situ generated copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) using hydrothermal method. The modified TNP had spherical CuNPs with an average size of 84 nm. The thermal stability of the modified TNP was lower than that of the TNP due to the catalytic activity of the in situ generated CuNPs in lowering the thermal stability. Further, it

In this study, three middle range α-olefin monomers including 1-hexene, 1-octene, and 1-decene were oligomerized using conventional AlCl3/H2O catalytic system. Molecular weight and microstructure of the oligomers were analyzed by GPC and 1HNMR, respectively. By 1HNMR spectra, both internal (CHR=CHR′ and CHR=CR′R′′) and external (CH2=CR′R′′) olefins containing di and tri-substituted C=C bonds were detected

Poly(urethane-ether-amide) (PUIEtA) nanocomposite coatings on mild steel were prepared by using corn oil, isosorbide and isophorone diisocynate and fumed silica. The syntheses steps were confirmed by FTIR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopy techniques. The morphology of PUIEtA nanocomposite coating was studied by SEM-EDX, that confirmed the presence of nanosilica and thermal behavior was studied by DSC/TGA

Using tamarind leaf extract as a reducing agent and various concentrated aq⋅AgNO3 solutions as source, the silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were in situ generated in polyester fabrics. The nanocomposite polyester fabrics were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and antibacterial tests. The size of the generated AgNPs varied between 50