Polymeric nanoparticles are one of the most studied strategies in modern medicine for drug encapsulation. The researchers' main interest is a formulation capable of administering the medication in a controlled mode and specific site. In this context, stimulus-responsive nanoparticles are highlighted, as these systems can have long circulation times, achieve the disease site, and improve intracellular

A theranostic amphiphilic nanocarrier based on iron oxide core with polyethyleneimine and poly(maleic anhydride-alt-1-octadecene) shell was synthesized, labeled with folic acid and loaded with Curcumin. Fe3O4@PIMF nanoparticles displayed a size of 20–30 nm with a shell thickness of 2–5 nm. Fe3O4@PIMF-CUR MNPs exhibited pH-responsive release behavior matched with Michaelis–Menten model. The MNPs showed

Fabricating scaffolds with biomimetic architectures is an important step toward engineering functional tissues. Electrospinning is a popular approach for creating nanofibrous substrates in which the filaments resembling the natural extracellular matrix (ECM) can provide topographical cues to cells directing their growth. One of the major challenges in electrospinning is tailoring the spatial organization

Electrospinning refers to a technique for producing nano- and micrometric-scale fibers using high voltage. It is a novel and useful technique applied over the last few years in the areas of food processing and medicine due to its versatility and low cost in the development of ultra-thin structures from natural and synthetic biopolymers, facilitating the incorporation, transport, and release of preservation

The polycaprolactone-30% hydroxyapatite (PCL-30%HA) scaffolds were fabricated using Melt Stretching and Multilayer Deposition (MSMD) technique. Different models of guided bone regeneration were evaluated in rat models. Group A, the calvarial defects were covered with collagen membranes. Group B, the scaffolds were placed into the defects and covered with the membranes. 200 µL of the 400 µg/mL BMP solution

The main goal of tissue engineering (TE) is supporting the regeneration of damaged tissues that are difficult to regenerate. The experimental results of the preparation of semi-permeable membranes for cell cultures are presented. The effect of the PLA molecular weight and addition of pore precursors on the morphology of the membranes was studied. The pore precursor of choice was polyvinylpyrrolidone

Controlling wound pain, absorption of wound exudate, and minimizing the frequency of changing the dressing are necessary parameters to facilitate wound-healing process. Hence, stable hydrophilic hydrogels applied in the form of film with the capability of wound exudate absorption and anti-inflammatory drug release may be used as an ideal wound dressing. Furthermore, physically crosslinked hydrogels

The main goal of this work is the design of a mucoadhesive system, based on three layers for the unidirectional release of dexamethasone sodium phosphate (DEX-F) for possible use in the oral mucosal cavity. The different layers were created by the electrospinning process, using polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL)as polymeric base and polycarbophil (NOVEON® AA-1, PCF) as adhesion

We investigated, unique multifilament suture (UMS) was prepared from animal skin fiber (ASF) and cotton fiber (CF), which can be used for external surgeries and wound-healing applications. The distinctive properties of the UMS is that it shows tensile strength of 85.25 ± 0.09 (Mpa), 81.9 ± 0.46 (%) as elongation at break, 7.59 ± 0.26 (kgf) knot strength, 58.95 ± 0.55 (%) of flexibility and water absorption

The porous polylactic acid matrix has been particularly developed as a scaffold in tissue engineering, drug loading, and wound dressing. However, the loading of active chemical compounds is challenging due to its highly hydrophobic nature and lack of functional groups for chemical bonding. Plasma treatment is a fast, heat and chemical-free solution to increase its hydrophilicity by oxidative functional

Redox-responsive prodrugs were synthesized by conjugating dasatinib (Das)/cholesterol (Chol) to hyaluronic acid (HA) via the cystamine dihydrochloride (Cys), and hexamethylene diamine (Hda) linkers. In a redox environment (10 mM dithiothreitol, DTT), a substantial amount of the grafted Das was released and faster than that observed under physiological conditions. The cytotoxicity of redox-sensitive

In this work, a series of oxidized starch-based bio-nanocomposites (OS/CuO) were prepared and investigated as colon drug delivery vehicles. The appearance of peaks at 400–800 cm−1 of FTIR spectrum, as well as, peaks at 2θ 35°, 39°, and 49° of XRD spectrum could be a good sign for successful synthesis of the CuO within hydrogel network. The effect of Cu2+ concentration on swelling, NPX loading, and

As a poly(D-glucosamine), chitosan possesses the ability to chelate bioactive metal ions such as copper and zinc. In this work, metal ion containing microspheres were formed through complexation interactions between glucosamine unit of chitosan and copper and zinc ions, respectively. The successful production of chitosan‒metal ion microspheres was done by high-voltage electrostatic system. The produced

Among many compounds that due to their properties are widely used for preparation of ceramic composites applicable in medicine is hydroxyapatite (HAp) characterized by good osteoconductivity and osteoinductivity. Additionally, it enables the adhesion and proliferation of cells and contributes to the fixation of the interaction between the implant and the bone tissue. In presented research, a series

Some of the trauma patients (about 3%) suffer from peripheral nerve injuries and unfortunately, it is still a significant clinical problem to regenerate and functional recovery of them. These days, peripheral nerve damages have been treated with various methods and materials. The goal of the present study is to evaluate the effect of various amounts of 4-Methylcatechol (4-MC) on peripheral nerve regeneration

The colon targeted drug delivery has a number of important implications in the field of pharmacotherapy. Oral colon targeted drug delivery systems have recently gained importance for delivering a variety of therapeutic agents for both local and systemic administration. Targeting of drugs to the colon via oral administration to protect the drug from degradation or release in the stomach and small intestine

Functionalized superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles uses are increasing exponentially in chemotherapy as drug vehicles due to their unique size and physical properties. In this study, we have synthesized chitosan coated functionalized superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (CS-SPIONPs) by co-precipitation and suspension methods. Later, we focused on crosslinking with glutaraldehyde and the

Nanofibers were prepared with different ratios of chitosan (CS) and polyethylene oxide (PEO) via the electrospinning technique, and tested for morphological features using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Drug content, drug loading, release of moxifloxacin (MXF) at pH 4.7 and pH 5.5, and degree of swelling were investigated. Further characterization was accomplished via X-ray diffraction (XRD),

Liposome surface modifications serve great potential applications of liposomes, for instance, increasing stability, bioactive liposome conjugates, and targeted drug, gene, and image agent delivery. In this study, novel targeted lipopolymers, peptide 18/peptide 563-poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline)-dioleoylphosphatidyl-ethanolamine (P18/P563-PEtOx-DOPE), have been demonstrated to be successfully synthesized

Oxetane-grafted chitosan-modified polyurethane (OXE-CHI-PU) with a photo-initiator camphorquinone (CQ) added was used as a bio-adhesive to heal wounds. The curing mechanism, photodynamic, healing effect, adhesion, biodegradability, and cell viability analyses of OXE-CHI-PU were established and conducted. After application, it can be cured and healed with a 20 W blue light source. The addition of OXE-CHI

Nanomaterials comprise extraordinary physicochemical and biological properties for therapeutic applications including three-dimensional porous structures as scaffolds for tissue engineering and as controlled release drug/gen delivery vehicles due to their small size, large surface area, and ability to interact with cells/tissues. Carbon-based nanostructures such as graphene, carbon nanotube, and nanodiamond

Silk sericin is a natural polymer produced by silkworm Bombyx mori; which has the function of covering the fibroin filaments so that they remain linked together as well as maintaining the structural integrity of the cocoon. Despite its properties and benefits, sericin is currently discarded during textile production as it is considered a side product of silk cocoons during the degumming process. Among

The engineering of biomaterials provides an opportunity for developing new polymeric composites. In this context, the objective of this work is to produce and evaluate fiber obtained from mixtures of corn straw waste and polylactic acid (PLA) in vitro. Treated corn straw fiber (TCSF) was made by cutting corn straw waste and applying alkali, acid, and silane treatments. Corn straw fiber (CSF) or TCSF

For blood vessel regeneration, rapid endothelialization is essential by the effective modulation of vascular endothelial cells (VECs). Herein, microRNA-126 was loaded in electrospun membranes of poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(L-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone) combined with REDV peptide to promote VEC growth. The prepared electrospun membranes with suitable mechanical properties in the wet state could accelerate

The adequacy of biomaterials is essential to generate scaffolds suitable for tissue engineering studies. The electrospinning technique is a resourceful, quick and cheap way to obtain polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds with an architecture with porosity and adequate properties to ensure the survival of cells. However, some obstacles need to be overcome, such as the hydrophilicity of this polymer. In this

A beneficial mircogel-reinforced polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogel is presented, aiming at improving its mechanical strength, self-healing, and drug-releasing features. The guar gum based microgel was prepared by inverse emulsion polymerization and cross-reacted with PVA and borax to form a network structure. The macro cross-linker and the PVA polymer chain were strongly bonded to generate a self-healable

Four cellulose membranes were grafted with glycine, L-alanine, L-serine, and L-threonine amino acids. The grafted membranes were characterized by different physicochemical techniques (ATR-IR, gravimetry, thermal degradation and ninhydrin test). The degree of substitution was found to range from 0.29 to 0.85 per glycoside unit, mainly occurring at C6. This structural modification was further examined

Poly(Ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL) electrosprayed nanoparticles (NPs) containing Amphotericin B (AMB) were prepared for the treatment of leishmaniasis. Two variations of PCL nanoparticles with positive surface charges, which can enhance cell uptake and restrict agglomeration, were produced: (1) NPs containing stearylamine and (2) core-shell nanoparticles, with chitosan in the shell and PCL and AMB in the core

Gallium-68 radiolabeled DOTA- acetyl-PAMAM coated iron oxide nanoparticles (NPs) were developed as dual-modality agents for PET-MR imaging. The increase in the chelator content, acetylation step, and radiolabeling condition had distinctive effects on the physical, biological, and radiochemical properties of NPs. The r2 relaxivity coefficient value of the NPs was 96.7 mM−1s−1. High accumulation of candidate

DTX-loaded folate targeted micelles (DTX/FA-PEG-HEP-CA-TOC) were prepared using a dialysis method and the impact of various processing variables were evaluated on micelle properties. In vitro cytotoxicity and in vivo pharmacokinetics of the optimized formulation were evaluated. DTX/FA-PEG-HEP-CA-TOC exhibited average particle size of 90–185 nm with high entrapment efficiency (53–93%) and pH-dependent

In order to meet the requirements of soil inoculants for release rate and biodegradability, oxidized sodium alginate (OSA) and starch to form a composite material used to encapsulate Pseudomonas protegens SN15-2. The results indicated that OSA microcapsules show higher degradation and release rate than alginate microcapsules because of the lower molecular weight of OSA. Meanwhile, increasing the proportion

Engineering scaffolds that can not only act as a vehicle for stem cell delivery but also support axon regeneration, may significantly improve the treatment outcome of spinal cord injury (SCI). In this study, we developed chitosan scaffold containing human endometrial stem cells (hEnSCs) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) to provide a controlled environment for facilitating cell ingrowth and differentiation

Hydrogels are polymer networks which exhibit crosslinking and high rheology, with high water composition and utilized for biomedical applications. Self-healable polymeric hydrogels demonstrate the ability to mend architectural damages. Shape-memory polymeric materials demonstrate self-mending on occurrence of damages during shape recovery. Self-repair coatings exhibit self-healing when damages occur

Surface porosity of individual electrospun polymeric fibers provides interesting means for controlling fiber behavior for different biomedical applications. In this study porous polycaprolactone (PCL) microfibers were obtained by electrospinning of PCL solution in tetrahydrofuran/dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and chloroform/DMSO at high relative humidity (65%). No pores were formed at low relative humidity

Designing a temporary substrate to adhere, multiply and form new bone tissue for the bone-forming cells is a challenge in bone tissue engineering. In this article, a new biodegradable and composite scaffolding system was fabricated using an electrospinning technique to augment bone formation using poly-caprolactone (PCL), natural polymer gelatin (GL) and nano-hydroxyapatite (nHAp). The effect of fabrication

The present study aimed to formulate celastrol into liquid crystalline nanoparticles (LCNPs) through ultrasonication to enhance its therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of asthma. The physiochemical characteristics, in-vitro release studies were determined along with molecular simulations. Celastrol-loaded LCNPs showed the mean particle size of 194.1 ± 9.78 nm and high entrapment efficiency of 99

Resistance to anticancer drugs and their incomplete delivery to the cancerous tissue are the main causes of the chemotherapy failure. In this regard, colloidal systems offer a promising prospect to deal with these concerns. So, in this study, we tried to formulate and optimize Doxorubicin@Sildenafil citrate-coloaded with a new hybrid of PEGylated stimuli-responsive nanogel/gold nanoparticles (DOX@SC-coloaded

This review covers the development of bioresorbable polymeric composites for applications in tissue engineering. Various commercially available bioresobable polymers are described, with emphasis on recent bioresorbable composites based on natural and synthetic polymers. Bioresorbable polymers contain hydrolyzable bonds, which are subjected to chemical degradation via either reactive hydrolysis or enzyme-catalyzed

In this paper, the bio-nanocomposites were used as a potential candidate for controlled release of anticancer drug doxorubicin. Formation of CuO nanoparticles in hydrogels was confirmed using FT-IR, XRD, SEM, EDX, TGA and DSC. In addition, gel content, swelling/de-swelling, antibacterial properties, and drug release profiles were evaluated. The swelling and drug release profiles revealed that the amount

Bacterial exopolysaccharides are increasingly harnessed to obtain hydrogels as drug delivery systems. Curdlan and phosphorylated curdlan were used to prepare ionic hydrogels by chemical crosslinking. By increasing the ionic content from 1.1 to 3.1 meq/g hydrogel, the morphology and properties were influenced: the swelling ratio increased from 9 to 16 g/g, the drug release from 50 to 85%, while Young’s

Herein, we synthesized poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) decorated chitosan grafted poly(NIPAM-co-AAc) hydrogels through free-radical copolymerization. Increased PVA concentration revealed enhancement of temperature and pH sensitivity of the hydrogel by changing the porous structure and surface properties. Further, in vitro drug delivery studies carried out with a model dye revealed a six-fold increased release

In the present work, we have reported preparation of silver hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (AgHAPnp) and poly (ɛ-caprolactone)/poly (methyl methacrylate) (PCL/PMMA)/AgHAP nanocomposites using wet chemical precipitation and solvent-casting techniques, respectively. The AgHAPnp and PCL/PMMA/AgHAP nanocomposites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, field

The fluorescent temperature-sensitive mesoporous materials with core-shell structured feature were synthesized through self-assembly method, in which, bimodal mesoporous SiO2 materials (BMMs) were used as a core and poly(N-isopropyl acryl-acrylamide)-co-poly(acrylic acid) as a shell. Especially, the 2-[3-(triethoxysilyl) propyl-1H-Benz][de]isoquinoline-1,3(2H)-dione (PID) as fluorescent molecule was

A new kind of redox responsive nanoparticles was prepared through the modification and crosslinking reaction of xanthan gum. The nanoparticles had regular spherical shapes with diameters ranging from 110 to 180 nm. The nanoparticles showed good redox responsiveness. Doxorubicin (DOX) was loaded in the nanoparticles via ionic interaction with SO3-, for increasing the drug loading rate and avoiding drug

To fulfill the multi-task functions like enhanced solubility and bioavailability of poorly soluble drug, reduce dosing frequency, avoid acidic degradation, etc., hence uncoated meloxicam (MLX)-loaded colon-specific mucoadhesive microspheres (MLX-Na-AGP) were prepared by ionotropic gelation method (crosslinking technique) using sodium alginate and aloe vera gel powder as a drug release modifiers to

Wound healing is a dynamic and complex mechanism. The healing process is affected by many factors, which can be local factors such as wound type, depth of the damaged tissue and bacterial contamination or systemic factors such as patient’s age, diet, and diseases. Prior goals should be shortening the wound healing time, ease the pain of the patient and limiting the scar formation. Therefore, the wound

Nanomaterials are frequently demonstrating advantages for drug delivery applications due to their high potential in treatment of variety of cancers. This paper reports the development of termoresponsive nanocomposites from graphene/(β-Cyclodextrin)-star poly(methyl methacrylate)-block-poly(N-Isopropylacrylamide) GO/β-Cyclodextrin-star-PMMA-b-PNiPAM via reversible addition fragmention chain transfer

H2O2 and temperature dual-responsive supramolecular micelles were prepared from β-cyclodextrin-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (β-CD-PNIPAM) star polymer and ferrocene-modified polyethylene glycol (Fc-mPEG) due to the host–guest recognitions between cyclodextrin and ferrocene. The micelles with the size of about 100 nm were comprised of hydrophobic PNIPAM as the core and hydrophilic mPEG as the shell at

This research discusses the design and synthesis of therapeutic peptides conjugated to dichloroacetyl chloride (DAC) followed by their characterization and cytotoxic evaluation. The conjugates demonstrated cytotoxic effect following in vitro evaluation using MTT and the brine shrimp lethality assay. Significant cell death for octaarginine-DAC conjugate and 100% cell death was observed for the RGD-DAC

In this study, we fabricated poly(D, L-lactide-co-glycolide)/gelatin (PLGA/gelatin) membranes containing different amounts of Hypericum capitatum var. capitatum (HCC) extract (1, 5, 7.5, 10 wt%) by electrospinning technique. We investigated chemical, morphological, physical, and mechanical properties as well as in vitro degradation behavior of the electrospun membranes. We also evaluated the antibacterial

A porous multi-layered composite hydrogel (MSC), made of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and hydroxyapatite (HA), suitable as substitute for damaged cartilage, has been modified by the production of pores and its cytocompatibility and ability to prevent chondrocyte dedifferentiation in in vitro cell culture systems have been evaluated. Pores resulted homogeneously distributed on all the hydrogel surface

To enhance the effectiveness of fertilizers, a novel double-coated multifunctional slow-release fertilizer (DMSRF) was developed using urea as the core, ethyl cellulose (EC) as inner coating and cellulose-based superabsorbent polymer (cellulose-SAP) adsorbing biochemical inhibitors dicyandiamide (DCD) and thiourea as outer coating. The cellulose-SAP was synthesized by acid-pretreated cellulose grafted

In this study, we introduced a novel and modified method to synthesize photocrosslinkable chitosan hydrogel. Three methacrylated samples under two concentrations of methacrylic anhydride and using EDC/NHS as a crosslinker were prepared. Methacrylated chitosan obtained under controlled conditions and using EDC/NHS had significant coupling efficiency and capacity of gel formation compared to other samples

Nanofibrous electrically conductive scaffolds based on gelatin, namely gelatin-grafted polythiophene (Gel-g-PTh) and gelatin-grafted polythiophene/poly(ε-caprolactone) (Gel-g-PTh/PCL), have been designed and fabricated using the electrospinning technique. The performances of the fabricated electrospun nanofibers as scaffolds in tissue engineering (TE) application were preliminarily investigated in

The gellan gum was coupled with hydrophobic polyphenols, curcumin and naringenin using dicyclohexylcarbodiimide and dimethylaminopyridine reaction. The formation of conjugates was ascertained by spectral, thermal, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopic studies. In silico simulations validated the successful interaction between polysaccharide and polyphenols. The conjugates self-assemble

Thiolated polymers are commonly preferred for biomedical applications with their good permeation properties providing them higher bioavailability. However, the thiolation process is mostly time-consuming series of chemical reactions. This study describes a simple irreversible thiol group integration to the pectin hydrogels by noncovalent bonding. We used 2-thiobarbituric acid (TBA) for thiolation.

Drug delivery systems for the controlled and targeted release of drugs are in continuous development nowadays, allowing to benefit of ever better and more effective therapies. Chemical engineers thanks to their multidisciplinary preparation ranging from a thorough knowledge of transport phenomena to the transformations of matter, play a fundamental role in the development of these innovative systems

There is currently no appropriate therapy for the treatment of injuries that affect the central nervous system. Therefore, scientists have attempted to explore novel methods to improve the neural tissue regeneration, while preventing inhibitory fibro glial scars. In these methods, hollow graphene oxide aerogel was initially made. Then, a porous gelatin structure was formed through the Thermal-Induced

Emulsion chemical polymerization of phenylacetylene and electrochemical polymerization of pyrrole on Spirulina surface having a micro-helical structure were carried out. A polymerization reaction progressed on the surface of Spirulina that acted as a bio-template. Micro-spectroscopy infrared (IR) absorption and micro-spectroscopy ultra-violet (UV-vis) absorption measurements were carried out to confirm

Current exploration unveils the promising role of arabinoxylan (AX) in targeted delivery of acid labile active moiety, by using methacrylic acid (MAA) as monomer, N′,N′-methylene-bis-acrylamide (MBA) as crosslinker and ammonium persulfate as initiator. Different feed composition of AX, MAA and MBA was blended to optimize hydrogels by free radical polymerization technique. Formulation AXMA2 showed maximum