-
Assessment of agricultural practices by Ethiopian women farmers: existence of gender disparities in access to mycotoxins training World Mycotoxin J. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2023-09-13 C. Cervini, B. Abegaz, A. Mohammed, R. Elias, A. Medina, K. Gebre, C. Verheecke-Vaessen
Ethiopia is one of the countries with the lowest gender-equality performance in sub-Saharan Africa being ranked 121/134 in terms of the magnitude and scope of gender disparities by the United Nations Women’s Organisation. Within the farming communities, women represent 70% of the labour force, but they are neglected from accessing training events run by Ethiopian Universities (e.g. Haramaya University)
-
New trends for the efficient bio-degradation of food contaminant zearalenone using a plant rhizobacterial strain: an in-vitro study World Mycotoxin J. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2023-06-22 B. Murtaza, X. Li, L. Dong, M.K. Saleemi, M. Iqbal, S. Majeed, G. Li, B. Jin, L. Wang, B. Chen, A. Khatoon, A. Ali, Y. Xu
Zearalenone (ZEN) is one of the most damaging and well-known toxins present in foods and animal feeds throughout the world. Klebsiella pneumoniae strains isolated from maize roots through soil samples were able to completely remove ZEN from LB medium after a 72-h fermentation through the enzymatic degradation and absorption of the toxin. The removing properties, including ZEN concentrations, incubation
-
The life and works of Professor Naresh Magan World Mycotoxin J. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2023-05-29 John E. Hallsworth, Allen Y. Mswaka, Andrea Patriarca, Carol Verheecke-Vaessen, Angel Medina
World Mycotoxin Journal, Volume 16, Issue 2, Page 195-197, May 2023.
-
Multi-mycotoxin production of cheese-derived fungal strains in vitro and in cheese models World Mycotoxin J. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2023-05-03 S. Ozturkoglu-Budak, H.C. Akal, H.İ. Öztürk
With regards to the cheese industry, fungal growth is a widespread problem and usually producers make effort to avoid fungal development due to mycotoxin formation which adversely affects human health, reduces product quality, and causes economic losses. However, some fungal strains are also used as secondary cultures to obtain developed sensory properties in cheese as a result of the enzymatic activities
-
Multi-mycotoxins analysis in post-harvest maize (Zea mays L.) grain from major producing areas of Ethiopia World Mycotoxin J. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2023-05-03 A. Mohammed, C. Seyoum, J. Yousuf, A. Mweetwa, J.A. Odera, D.K. Okello, Z. Bekeko, T. Tadessa, M. Sulyok
Mycotoxins are the most notorious compounds contaminating food crops in the production chains, in which cereals and nuts are primarily infected. The present study was aimed at determining multi-mycotoxins in maize grain samples collected at post-harvest stages across the main maize producing districts of Ethiopia. Then, 80 maize samples were collected from three districts (Bako, Ilu Gelan and Oda Bultum)
-
Fungal species and multi-mycotoxin in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in Ethiopia World Mycotoxin J. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2023-04-20 M. Getahun, C. Fininsa, A. Mohammed, Z. Bekeko, M. Sulyok
Ethiopia is sub-Saharan Africa’s greatest wheat producer. However, its production, productivity and utilisations are constrained by fungal infections, which lead to yield losses and mycotoxin contaminations. The present study was aimed to determined fungal species and multi-mycotoxins in wheat grain samples (n=178) collected during the 2020 cropping season in Ethiopia. Different fungal genera of Alternaria
-
Current sampling plans can introduce high variance in mycotoxin testing results as demonstrated by the online FAO Mycotoxin Sampling Tool World Mycotoxin J. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2023-04-12 S.A. Tittlemier, T.B. Whitaker
The free-to-use online FAO Mycotoxin Sampling Tool (http://tools.fstools.org/mycotoxins/) provides users an opportunity to easily estimate impacts of adjusting sampling plan parameters on the risk of misclassifying consignments relative to a defined maximum level, as well as the contributions from sampling, sample preparation, and analytical test stages to the total variance of mycotoxin sampling plan
-
Aflatoxin biosynthetic pathway extrolites in airborne Aspergilli series Versicolores World Mycotoxin J. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2023-04-07 A. Géry, B. Basset, N. Gounel, M. Gosselin, E. Richard, V. Séguin, J. Bonhomme, D. Garon
The Aspergilli of the series Versicolores include several airborne species to which we are exposed daily. Most of them synthesise sterigmatocystin, a mycotoxin precursor of aflatoxins recognised as potentially carcinogenic for humans (group 2B) by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. Our objective was to study the potential role of these moulds in the synthesis of extrolites of the aflatoxin
-
Aflatoxin in peanuts and maize: an overview on occurrence, regulations, prevention, and control methods World Mycotoxin J. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2023-04-07 M. Ahmad, Z. Han, Q. Kong
Aflatoxins belong to a group of highly carcinogenic mycotoxins, produced mainly by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus in various agricultural food commodities. It is hard to eliminate them from food and feed due to their high stability. Aflatoxin contamination in food grains, particularly peanut and maize, continues to cause significant health concerns in the population of developing nations
-
Occurrence and associated risk factors of aflatoxin contamination in animal feeds and raw milk from three agroecological zones of Tanzania World Mycotoxin J. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2023-03-23 S.J. Kitigwa, E.G. Kimaro, Y.P. Nagagi, J.B. Kussaga, R.A. Suleiman, A. Matemu
Aflatoxins (AFs) are natural toxic compounds produced by a specific type of fungi, which subsequently contaminate foods and animal feeds, potentially carcinogenic to humans. This study assessed the AFs awareness, prevalence and associated risk factors through a survey of the smallholder dairy farmers (SDFs) and livestock feeds and raw cow milk samples from three agroecological zones in Tanzania. The
-
Developments in mycotoxin analysis: an update for 2021-22 World Mycotoxin J. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2023-02-24 S.A. Tittlemier, B. Cramer, M.C. DeRosa, V.M.T. Lattanzio, R. Malone, C. Maragos, M. Stranska, M.W. Sumarah
This review summarises developments published in the period from mid-2021 to mid-2022 on the analysis of a variety of matrices for mycotoxins. Important developments in all aspects of mycotoxin analysis, from sampling and quality assurance/quality control of analytical results, to the various detection and quantitation technologies ranging from single mycotoxin biosensors to comprehensive instrumental
-
Foreword World Mycotoxin J. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2023-02-24 Franz Berthiller
World Mycotoxin Journal, Volume 16, Issue 1, Page 1-2, February 2023.
-
The effects of natural active substances in food on the toxicity of patulin World Mycotoxin J. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2022-12-02 C. Huang, B. Zhang, D. Xu
Patulin (PAT) is a mycotoxin, a secondary metabolite mainly produced by fungi of the genera Aspergillus, Byssochlamys, and Penicillium. Many studies have looked into the potential impacts of this mycotoxin due to its high risk. Researchers are currently doing a more in-depth investigation of and employing physical, chemical, and biological ways to remove PAT. However, existing technology cannot completely
-
The effect of gamma irradiation, microwaves, and roasting on aflatoxin levels in pistachio kernels World Mycotoxin J. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2022-11-15 E. Sadeghi, S. Solaimanimehr, M. Mirzazadeh, S. Jamshidpoor
Pistachio is the second largest non-oil export in Iran. The most important problem in pistachio export is its contamination with aflatoxin. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of several physical and chemical methods on the qualitative, qualitative and sensory properties of pistachios from Iran as well as the associated residual aflatoxin levels. This study investigated the effects
-
Protective role of fermented whey and pumpkin extract against aflatoxin B1 and ochratoxin A toxicity in Jurkat T-cells World Mycotoxin J. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2022-09-02 A. Cimbalo, M. Frangiamone, M. Lozano, L. Escrivá, P. Vila-Donat, L. Manyes
The beneficial effect of fermented whey and pumpkin extract rich in carotenoids was evaluated in Jurkat cells against aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and ochratoxin A (OTA) cytotoxicity through a proteomic approach. The functional ingredients were added into mycotoxin contaminated bread formulation, which were digested in vitro in order to simulate human intestinal absorption. Cell cultures were exposed during
-
Atoxigenic-based technology for biocontrol of aflatoxin in maize and groundnuts for Tanzania World Mycotoxin J. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2022-08-11 G. Mahuku, A. Mauro, B. Pallangyo, E. Nsami, S.B. Boni, E. Koyano, O. Mponda, A. Ortega-Beltran, J. Atehnkeng, F. Aquiline, R. Samuel, J. Njela, P.J. Cotty, R. Bandyopadhyay
Application of biocontrol products containing atoxigenic isolates of Aspergillus flavus to reduce aflatoxin content in crops is an effective strategy for managing aflatoxin in several regions throughout the world. We report the development and validation of two aflatoxin biocontrol products, Aflasafe TZ01 and Aflasafe TZ02, for use in maize and groundnut in Tanzania, a country frequently affected by
-
Near-infrared spectroscopy to assess mycotoxins contamination and nutritional composition of maize marketed in South America, years 2020-2021 World Mycotoxin J. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2022-08-08 D. Tyska, A.O. Mallmann, J.K. Vidal, C.T. Simões, C.A. Mallmann
Mycotoxicological and nutritional analyses were conducted in maize from Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil (stratified by region), Colombia and Peru through near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) in 2020 and 2021. Concentrations of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), fumonisins B1 + B2 (FBs), zearalenone (ZEN) and deoxynivalenol, in addition to water activity, crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), starch and apparent metabolizable
-
Application of reflectance spectroscopy to identify maize genotypes and aflatoxin levels in single kernels World Mycotoxin J. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2022-08-08 M. Aoun, C. Siegel, G.L. Windham, W.P. Williams, R.J. Nelson
Spectroscopy is a rapid, non-destructive, and low-cost analytical technique that has the potential to complement more resource-intensive analytical methods. We explored the use of spectral methods to differentiate maize genotypes and assess aflatoxin (AF) contamination in maize kernels. We compared the performance of two instruments: a research-grade ultraviolet-visible-near infrared (UV-Vis-NIR) spectrometer
-
A review of toxigenic fungi and mycotoxins in feeds and food commodities in West Africa World Mycotoxin J. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2022-07-18 A.O. Aasa, F.F. Fru, O.A. Adelusi, S.A. Oyeyinka, P.B. Njobeh
Fungal contamination is a threat to food safety in West Africa with implications for food and feed due to their climate, which is characterised by high temperatures and high relative humidity, which are environmental favourable for fast fungal growth and mycotoxin production. This report gives perspective on studies on toxigenic fungi (Aspergillus, Fusarium and Penicillium) and their toxins, mainly
-
Associating multiple mycotoxin exposure and health outcomes: current statistical approaches and challenges World Mycotoxin J. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2022-07-12 N.N. Truong, K. Tesfamariam, L. Visintin, T. Goessens, S. De Saeger, C. Lachat, M. De Boevre
Mycotoxin contamination is a global challenge to food safety and population health. A diversity of adverse effects in human health such as organ damage, immunity disorders and carcinogenesis are attributed to acute and chronic exposure to mycotoxins. While there is a high likelihood of mycotoxin co-occurrence in the daily diet, multiple mycotoxin exposures represent a considerable challenge in understanding
-
Effects of deoxynivalenol on the histomorphology of the liver and kidneys and the expression of MAPKs in weaned rabbits World Mycotoxin J. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2022-07-12 F. Li, X. Yuan, L. Huang, Q. Liu, W. Chen, C. Wang
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is widely present in grain-based feeds and food. It has attracted great attention due to its high contamination rate and strong toxicity. The objective of this study was to analyse the toxic effects of DON on the liver and kidneys of weaned rabbits. 45 weaned male rabbits were allocated into control, low DON dose (0.5 mg/kg body weight), and high DON dose (1.5 mg/kg body weight)
-
Sorting capability and grain recovery of deoxynivalenol contaminated wheat is affected by calibration and vitreous kernel settings from near-infrared transmittance technology World Mycotoxin J. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2022-07-12 M.E. Taylor, R.W. Newkirk
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a toxic secondary metabolite in wheat which affects animal performance. Limited post-harvest sorting technologies are available to remove infected kernels thereby allowing safe use in livestock. A technology was developed which uses near-infrared spectrometry combined with a seed singulation sorter by BoMill AB (Sweden) which is purported by the manufacturer to remove Fusarium
-
Mycotoxin determination in fungal contaminated Canadian silage toxic to dairy cows and goats World Mycotoxin J. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2022-06-24 M.J. Kelman, J.B. Renaud, D. Baines, K.K.-C. Yeung, J.D Miller, M.W. Sumarah
Silage has become a key component of year-long animal feed in Canada and parts of northern Europe. It provides several advantages to farmers over traditional feed components, such as increased digestibility, higher nutrient content and preservation of the forages to meet seasonal feeding demands. Some ensiled materials can contain toxic fungal metabolites resulting from ‘in field’ contamination. In
-
Incidence of toxigenic Aspergillus and Fusarium species occurring in maize kernels from Kenyan households World Mycotoxin J. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2022-04-04 V. Kagot, M. De Boevre, S. De Saeger, A. Moretti, M. Mwamuye, S. Okoth
Aspergillus and Fusarium are fungal genera that include toxigenic and pathogenic species, able to suffuse farmers’ crops and secrete an array of small molecular weight secondary metabolites which can cause health complications to humans and animals when ingested. In sub-Sahara Africa, contamination and persistence of these fungi is increased by the tropical climatic conditions which are ideal for the
-
Human biomonitoring of multiple mycotoxins in hair: first large-scale pilot study World Mycotoxin J. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2022-03-16 A. Narváez, Y. Rodríguez-Carrasco, A. Ritieni, J. Mañes
Human biomonitoring (HBM) represents the most accurate approach for assessing the exposure to mycotoxins, but traditional matrices fail to provide information about long-term exposure due to the rapid excretion rates and short half-lives of mycotoxins. Hair emerges as a promising matrix considering that contaminants can form stable links with hair components, such as keratins and melanin. Hence, the
-
Varied reduction of ochratoxin A in brown and white rice during roasting World Mycotoxin J. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2022-03-16 H.N. Carbon, H.J. Lee
World Mycotoxin Journal, Ahead of Print.
-
Developments in mycotoxin analysis: an update for 2020-2021 World Mycotoxin J. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2022-02-24 S.A. Tittlemier, B. Cramer, C. Dall’Asta, M.C. DeRosa, V.M.T. Lattanzio, R. Malone, C. Maragos, M. Stranska, M.W. Sumarah
This review summarises developments published in the period from mid-2020 to mid-2021 on the analysis of a number of diverse matrices for mycotoxins. Notable developments in all aspects of mycotoxin analysis, from sampling and quality assurance/quality control of analytical results, to the various detection and quantitation technologies ranging from single mycotoxin biosensors to comprehensive instrumental
-
Foreword World Mycotoxin J. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2022-02-24 Franz Berthiller
First and foremost, let me wish you a healthy, lucky and prosperous 2022! Let us hope that this year brings a change for the better, as more than five million human lives were lost due to COVID-19 already (Adam, 2022). While the pandemic continues to affect our daily life more than we would have ever thought, research must continue and maybe it is more important than ever. So even during difficult
-
Impact of agronomic practices on Fusarium mycotoxin accumulation in maize grain World Mycotoxin J. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2022-02-18 K. Eli, A.W. Schaafsma, D.C. Hooker
In the Great Lakes region of North America, Gibberella ear rot (GER), caused by Fusarium graminearum, affects grain quality due to the accumulation of mycotoxins. GER severity is strongly influenced by environmental conditions; however, agronomic practices can also influence disease severity and mycotoxin accumulation. In this study, three separate small-plot experiments were conducted at Ridgetown
-
Evaluation of nano-silica, microwave heating, and ultraviolet irradiation effects on zearalenone detoxification in sunflower oils World Mycotoxin J. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2022-02-18 N. Ghafari, G. Paimard, E. Sadeghi, N. Choobkar, M.A. Lalabadi
In the present study, we report three methods of silica nanoparticles (SNPs) as adsorbent, ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, and microwave heating and evaluate their capabilities in reducing and eliminating zearalenone (ZEN). The offered method not only was used for ZEN detoxification, but also greatly enhanced the sensitivity of ZEN measurement. The aim of this study was to evaluate ZEN concentration
-
Aflatoxin B1 in the egg chain: monitoring with specific indirect competitive ELISA in northern Paraná, Brazil World Mycotoxin J. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2022-02-14 F.G. Silva, L.M.M. Zanin, C.F. Shimizu, D.D. Lopes, J.C. Ribeiro, A.T. Ishikawa, E.N. Itano, O. Kawamura, E.Y. Hirooka
An indirect competitive immunoassay (ic-ELISA) was developed using monoclonal antibody produced by hybridoma AF4, which showed high specificity and reactivity with aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and aflatoxicol, but low cross-reactivity to other analogs. This low cost reliable method was applied for AFB1 monitoring in the poultry chain of a high agribusiness potential region (northern Paraná state, Brazil). Maize
-
Adsorption efficiency of sodium & calcium bentonite for ochratoxin A in some Egyptian cheeses: an innovative fortification model, in vitro and in vivo experiments World Mycotoxin J. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2022-01-31 G.M. Hamad, H.A. El-Makarem, A.I. Abd Elaziz, A.A. Amer, B.A. El-Nogoumy, S.A. Abou-Alella
The incidence of the mycotoxin ochratoxin A (OTA) in cheeses constitutes a significant economic and health concern for producers and consumers alike. Recently, detoxification approaches using food additives to counteract mycotoxins have been widely recommended in the food industry. This study aimed to quantify OTA levels in some Egyptian cheese types, and experimentally determine the detoxification
-
Ethical considerations in the design and conduct of a cluster-randomised mycotoxin mitigation trial in Tanzania World Mycotoxin J. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2022-01-24 E. Phillips, P.C. Turner, F.M. Ngure, N. Kassim, E. Makule, L.E. Smith, R.J. Nelson, R.J. Stoltzfus
Aflatoxins are fungal metabolites that commonly contaminate staple food crops in tropical regions. Acute aflatoxin consumption in very high concentration causes aflatoxicosis and acute liver failure, while chronic, moderate levels of intake cause hepatocellular carcinoma. The effects of frequent moderate- to high-level exposure during infancy, however, is less clearly understood. Half a billion people
-
HepG2 liver cells treated with fumonisin B1 in galactose supplemented media have altered expression of genes and proteins known to regulate cholesterol flux World Mycotoxin J. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2021-12-17 T. Adimulam, N.S. Abdul, A.A. Chuturgoon
Fumonisin B1 (FB1) contributes to mycotoxicosis in animals and has been associated with the incidence of some cancers in humans. The effect of FB1 on lipidomic profiles, sphingolipids and cholesterol levels have been demonstrated in experimental models, however, the events leading to altered cholesterol levels are unclear. This study investigates the molecular mechanisms that regulate the effect of
-
Evaluation of the impact of pre- and post-harvest maize handling practices on mycotoxin contamination on smallholder farms in Guatemala World Mycotoxin J. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2021-12-13 A. Garsow, D. Mendez, O. Torres, B. Kowalcyk
Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by fungi including Aspergillus and Fusarium that commonly contaminate crops, such as maize, resulting in economic losses and food insecurity. Mycotoxins can contaminate crops during pre- and post-harvest stages. Consumption of mycotoxin-contaminated foods has been linked to a variety of negative health outcomes including liver cancer, stunting, and neural
-
A novel chemical marker of tremorgenic mycotoxicosis detected by gas-chromatography/mass-spectrometry World Mycotoxin J. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2021-12-13 C. Pickard, J.S. Fortin, D. Holmes, J.P. Buchweitz, A.F. Lehner
Tremorgenic mycotoxicosis can arise from dietary exposure to secondary metabolite products of various fungal species, particularly those from the Penicillium genus. Although general toxin screens often rely on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and well-developed mass spectral library databases, two principal representative Penicillium mycotoxins, roquefortine and penitrem A, are unamenable
-
Effects of aflatoxin B1 and monensin interaction on liver and intestine of poultry – influence of a biological additive (Pichia kudriavzevii RC001) World Mycotoxin J. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2021-12-02 A.P. Magnoli, V. Poloni, L.A. Cristofolini, C.I. Merkis, F.M. Escobar, C.V. Torres, S.M. Chiacchiera, L. Cavaglieri
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and monensin (MONS) interaction on the liver and intestinal histological changes in poultry, and the influence of Pichia kudriavzevii RC001. One-day-old commercial line (Ross 308) broilers (n=120) were individually weighed and randomly assigned to 8 treatments (15 broilers/treatment, 5 broilers per cage and 3 replicates/treatment)
-
Inhibition of Aspergillus flavus growth and aflatoxin B1 production by natamycin World Mycotoxin J. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2021-12-02 P. Chang, B. Tai, M. Zheng, Q. Yang, F. Xing
Aspergillus flavus causes huge crop losses, reduces crop quality and has adverse effects on human and animal health. A large amount of food contaminated with aflatoxin can greatly increase the risk of liver cancer. Therefore, prevention and control of aflatoxin production have aroused attention of research in various countries. Natamycin extracted from Streptomyces spp. has been widely used in production
-
Abiotic factors affect growth and aflatoxin B1 production by Aspergillus flavus strains on chilli powder and red chillies World Mycotoxin J. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2021-11-26 D. Al-Jaza, A. Medina, N. Magan
Chillies and chilli-based products are important spices on a global basis. The production, processing, transport and storage phases of chillies are prone to infection by Aspergillus Section Flavi and contamination with aflatoxins (AFs), especially aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) for which legislative limits exist in many countries. We have examined the effect of the interacting abiotic factors of water availability
-
An update on genotoxic and epigenetic studies of fumonisin B1 World Mycotoxin J. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2021-11-03 I.B. Molina-Pintor, A.E. Rojas-García, I.M. Medina-Díaz, B.S. Barrón-Vivanco, Y.Y. Bernal-Hernández, L. Ortega-Cervantes, A.J. Ramos, J.F. Herrera-Moreno, C.A. González-Arias
Fumonisins (FBs), a widespread group of mycotoxins produced by Fusarium spp., are natural contaminants in cereals and foodstuffs. Fumonisin B1 (FB1) is the most toxic and prevalent mycotoxin of this group, and it has been reported that FB1 accounts for 70-80% of FBs produced by the mycotoxigenic strains. The mode of action of FB1 depends on the structural similarity with sphinganine/sphingosine N-acyltransferase
-
Review of good agricultural practices for smallholder maize farmers to minimise aflatoxin contamination World Mycotoxin J. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2021-11-03 F. Xu, R.C. Baker, T.B. Whitaker, H. Luo, Y. Zhao, A. Stevenson, C.J. Boesch, G. Zhang
Maize is consumed world-wide as staple food, livestock feed, and industrial raw material. However, it is susceptible to fungal attack and at risk of aflatoxin contamination under certain conditions. Such contamination is a serious threat to human and animal health. Ensuring that the maize used by food industry meets standards for aflatoxin levels requires significant investment across the supply chain
-
Association of exposure to deoxynivalenol with DNA methylation in white blood cells in children in China World Mycotoxin J. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2021-10-22 P. Cao, X.D. Wang, J.F. Sun, J. Liang, P.P. Zhou, H.B. Xu, H. Yang, L. Zhang
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a mycotoxin that commonly contaminates cereals worldwide. Dietary exposure to DON is a subject of great public health concern, but studies on the health effects of chronic exposure to DON are not available. In this study, we investigated the connection between DNA methylation levels and DON exposure in children. The DNA methylation status of white blood cells from 32 children
-
Interlaboratory collaboration to determine the performance of the Randox food diagnostics biochip array technology for the simultaneous quantitative detection of seven mycotoxins in feed World Mycotoxin J. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2021-10-22 L. Sibanda, K. McCallum, M. Plotan, S. Webb, B. Snodgras, Q. Muenks, J. Porter, P. Fitzgerald
An inter-laboratory collaborative study was performed to evaluate the performance of the Biochip Array Technology (BAT) Myco 7 method. The Myco 7 Array is a method which simultaneously and quantitatively detects 20 mycotoxins including aflatoxins B1, B2, G1 and G2, ochratoxin A, deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, fumonisin B1, B2 and B3 and T-2 and HT-2 toxin. The BAT Myco 7 method was collaboratively evaluated
-
Foreword – special issue Mycotoxins in Latin America World Mycotoxin J. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2021-09-15
Latin America with its considerable North-South extent is subject to climate that varies from tropical, subtropical and warm temperate to temperate. Different agricultural products are produced in the area including cereals, oilseeds, beans, fruits and nuts together with animal production including cattle for beef and milk, pigs, poultry and fish. The heterogeneity of agriculture in Latin America is
-
Smartphone-based technology for nanomolecular detection of aflatoxin B1 by aptamer-conjugated magnetic nanoparticles World Mycotoxin J. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2021-09-13 A. Rafati, N. Dorosti, P. Gill
The need for a healthy market in the rapid and accurate screening of a variety of pathogenic agents and toxins in the environment and food has led to an increase in the development of new biosensors, which have ideal characteristics, such as high sensitivity and specificity with rapid detection and simple preparation of the sample. Among the food contaminants, mycotoxins have been identified as a major
-
Antibody conjugated magnetic nanoparticle based colorimetric assay for the detection and quantification of aflatoxin B1 in wheat grains World Mycotoxin J. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2021-09-13 R. Kumari, H. Jaiswal, T. Chowdhury, A.K. Ghosh
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a most potent carcinogenic secondary metabolite produced by Aspergillus flavus. As a food safety concern, development of a rapid, cost effective, sensitive and easy to use method for the detection of aflatoxin is of prime requirement. In this study, AFB1 was conjugated with bovine serum albumin (BSA), and AFB1-BSA conjugate was purified by HPLC. Purification was confirmed by
-
Decision support system for integrated management of mycotoxins in feed and food supply chains World Mycotoxin J. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2021-09-13 H.J. van der Fels-Klerx, C. Liu, M. Focker, I. Montero-Castro, V. Rossi, V. Manstretta, N. Magan, R. Krska
Mycotoxins present a global food safety threat of our feed and food. Mycotoxins are toxic metabolites of certain fungi in agricultural products that are harmful to animal and human health. The presence of mycotoxins in these products depends on a variety of management and environmental factors in the field, during storage and/or processing of feed and food commodities. To date, information on mycotoxin
-
Occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in bovine milk and associated risk factors among dairy farms of Punjab, India World Mycotoxin J. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2021-08-31 H. Thukral, P. Dhaka, J. Singh Bedi, R. Singh Aulakh
Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) contamination in milk and milk products may pose a major public health concern. The present cross-sectional study was aimed to estimate the prevalence of AFM1 in bovine milk across all districts of Punjab, India and to identify the associated animal and farm level risk factors. A total of 402 milk samples (266 cow milk and 136 buffalo milk) were analysed using commercial ELISA and
-
The potential for aflatoxin predictive risk modelling in sub-Saharan Africa: a review World Mycotoxin J. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2021-08-31 B. Keller, T. Russo, F. Rembold, Y. Chauhan, P. Battilani, A. Wenndt, M. Connett
This review presents the current state of aflatoxin risk prediction models and their potential for value actors throughout the food chain in sub-Saharan Africa, with a specific focus on improving smallholder farmer management practices. Several empirical and mechanistic models have been developed either in academic research or by private sector aggregators and processors in high-income countries including
-
Heat-induced reduction of deoxynivalenol and its modified forms during flaking and cooking of oat World Mycotoxin J. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2021-08-31 A.S. Hole, I. Rud, S. Sahlstrøm, L. Ivanova, G.S. Eriksen, H.H. Divon
Deoxynivalenol (DON) and its modified forms deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside (DON-3G) and 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (3-ADON) are common contaminants in Norwegian oats. In order to provide more information about the fate of these mycotoxins during oat processing, the levels of DON, DON-3G, 3-ADON and the sum of them (total DON) were determined using LC-HRMS/MS at different processing steps. Oat groat was softened
-
Occurrence and concentration of mycotoxins in maize dried distillers’ grains produced in Brazil World Mycotoxin J. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2021-08-05 C.A. Mallmann, C. Tonial Simões, J. Kobs Vidal, C. Rosa da Silva, L.M. de Lima Schlösser, C.A. Araújo de Almeida
The presence of mycotoxins in dried distillers’ grains with solubles (DDGS), a by-product of bioethanol production from maize, has been a matter of concern due to the increasing global utilisation of this ingredient in animal feed. In this study, 186 samples of maize DDGS produced in Brazil were analysed for the presence of major mycotoxins: aflatoxins (B1, B2, G1, and G2), fumonisins (B1 and B2),
-
Effects of deoxynivalenol exposure at peripuberty over testicles of rats: structural and functional alterations World Mycotoxin J. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2021-08-05 J.R. Gerez, A.L.P.L. Gomes, R.P. Erthal, G.S.A. Fernandes, R.L.N. Matos, W.A. Verri, E.M. Gloria, A.P.F.R.L. Bracarense
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is related to reduced reproductive performance in males and females in several species. Children and adolescents showed a high risk of exposure to DON, however, no study has evaluated reproductive effects of DON at puberty. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of DON at peripuberty on the testicles of pubertal rats. To achieve this, 10 Wistar rats (28 days old) were
-
Aflatoxin B1 contamination of feedstuff on a dairy farm in Northern Peru and aflatoxin M1 concentrations in raw milk World Mycotoxin J. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2021-07-29 I. Salazar, I. López, P. Glorio-Paulet, C. Gomez
Research regarding aflatoxin contamination levels in Peru is limited, although aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) require surveillance because of their toxicity. European regulations state that the harmonised maximum level (ML) is 5 μg/kg for AFB1 in feedstuffs and 0.05 μg/kg for AFM1 in milk. Our study aimed to determine the annual variation levels of AFB1 in ingredients used in feedstuffs
-
Analysis of aflatoxin M1 contamination in milk and cheese produced in Mexico: a review World Mycotoxin J. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2021-07-29 C. Jiménez-Pérez, S. Alatorre-Santamaría, S. R. Tello-Solís, L. Gómez-Ruiz, G. Rodríguez-Serrano, M. García-Garibay, A. Cruz-Guerrero
Due to the carcinogenic character of aflatoxins when present in foods, these compounds are considered a risk to human health. This systematic review aimed at compiling the available research data on detection and quantification of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in milk and common types of cheese produced in Mexico in the past two decades. A limited number of studies were found that matched the purpose of our
-
Aflatoxin contamination in maize: occurrence and health implications in Latin America World Mycotoxin J. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2021-07-29 N. Ponce-García, N. Palacios-Rojas, S. O. Serna-Saldivar, S. García-Lara
According to the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organisation, mycotoxicoses constitute the second most pressing food safety problem worldwide, with most cases occurring in developing countries. Maize (Zea mays L.), the main staple for many Latin Americans, is one of the best suitable substrates for mycotoxigenic Aspergillus fungi. Aflatoxins (AFs) produced primarily by Aspergillus flavus, are
-
Effects of dietary aflatoxin on biochemical parameters and histopathology of liver in Matrinxã (Brycon cephalus) and Pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) fish World Mycotoxin J. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2021-07-29 E. C. Michelin, C. M. Bedoya-Serna, L. C. S. Carrion, N. Levy-Pereira, F. S. Cury, D. Passarelli, C. G. Lima, G. S. Yasui, R. L. M. Sousa, A. M. Fernandes
The objective of this study was to evaluate biochemical parameters and histopathology of liver in Matrinxã (Brycon cephalus) and Pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) fish chronically exposed to dietary aflatoxins. Fish feed was artificially contaminated with aflatoxins and the treatments were: Control – feed without toxin; Treatment A – feed + 10 μg aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)/kg; Treatment B – feed + 20 μg AFB1/kg;
-
Biomonitoring aflatoxin B1 exposure of residents from the Amazon region: a pilot study World Mycotoxin J. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2021-07-22 K.M. Higashioka, A.M. Kluczkovski, E.S. Lima, A.C.S. Lucas
The present study was a pilot study that aimed to evaluate the occurrence of aflatoxins (AF) in the human diets and its presence in human urine as a metabolite (aflatoxin M1; AFM1). Volunteers from the Amazon region were evaluated before and after the consumption of 2 Brazil nuts/day for thirty days. At the end of 30 days (t=30) without the consumption of Brazil nuts, 9 samples (30%) were positive
-
Intra-species variability in Fusarium langsethiae strains in growth and T-2/HT-2 mycotoxin production in response to climate change abiotic factors World Mycotoxin J. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2021-06-30 C. Verheecke-Vaessen, A. Lopez-Pietro, E. Garcia-Cela, A. Medina, N. Magan
The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential intra-species variability of 3 Fusarium langsethiae strains in response to extreme climate change (CC) conditions on an oat-based matrix. The impact of elevated temperature (25 vs 30-34 °C) coupled with increasing drought stress (0.98 vs 0.95 aw) and elevated CO2 (400 vs 1000 ppm) were examined on lag phases prior to growth, growth rate, and
-
Development of patulin certified reference material using mass balance and quantitative NMR World Mycotoxin J. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2021-06-24 X. Li, H. Li, W. Zhang, X. Li, Q. Zhang, Z. Guo, X. Li, S. Song, G. Zhao
The certified reference materials (CRMs) are necessary for accurate quantification and insurance of comparability and traceability of results. Patulin is a typical mycotoxin in a variety of food commodities. Here, patulin CRM GBW(E)100673 was characterised and its purity was assessed by two independent orthogonal approaches including mass balance (MB) and quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
-
Dietary exposure to mycotoxins of 1- and 2-year-old children from a Dutch Total Diet Study World Mycotoxin J. (IF 2.0) Pub Date : 2021-06-24 A.M. Pustjens, J.J.M. Castenmiller, J.D. te Biesebeek, T.C. de Rijk, R.C.J. van Dam, P.E. Boon
In 2017, a Total Diet Study was conducted in the Netherlands in which mycotoxins were analysed in foods and beverages consumed by 1- and 2-year-old children. These mycotoxins were aflatoxins, Alternaria toxins, citrinin, ergot alkaloids, fumonisins, ochratoxin A, patulin, sterigmatocystin, trichothecenes, and zearalenone. Long-term exposure was calculated by combining concentrations in foods and beverages