Micro X‐ray fluorescence spectrometry (μXRF) is a standard technique used for the elemental analysis of glass fragments in forensic casework. The glass specimens encountered in casework are usually small (<1 mm), thin fragments that are partially transparent to the exciting X‐ray beam. In addition to providing fluorescence from the small glass fragments, the primary beam X‐rays can scatter within the

In energy dispersive X‐ray fluorescence analysis (EDXRF), many baseline estimation algorithms have been proposed for the accurate characteristic peak area. However, the true value of the characteristic peak area of measured spectrum is unknown and cannot be used to evaluate the accuracy of the baseline estimation algorithms. In this article, an assessment method was proposed based on Monte Carlo simulation

X‐ray emission spectroscopy (XES) of transition metal compounds is a powerful tool for investigating the spin and oxidation state of the metal centers. Valence‐to‐core (vtc) XES is of special interest, as it contains information on the ligand nature, hybridization, and protonation. To date, most vtc‐XES studies have been performed with high‐brightness sources, such as synchrotrons, due to the weak

A new portable macro X‐ray fluorescence scanner has been specifically designed for in situ, real‐time elemental mapping of large painted surfaces. This system allows scanning 80 × 80 × 20 cm3 along the X , Z, and Y directions, respectively, with adaptive beam size at the energy of the Rh Ka‐line. The detection system consists of a 50 mm2 active area detector coupled to a CUBE pre‐amplifier and to the

The intensity of the analytical ClK α‐line continuously increases during the measurement of a rock sample. The main cause of this effect is the migration of chlorine into the irradiated (emitting) part of the sample. The hypothesis was credibly proved through the experiment in which a rock sample was measured first on one side, and then on the other. An increase in the intensity of the analytical line

The X‐Ray Fluorescence (XRF) scanning spectrometer developed in the framework of Cultural Heritage Network ‐ National Institute of Nuclear Physics, is specifically customised for cultural heritage applications, designed with a focus on having a lightweight scanner (weighing approximately 10 kg), easy to handle and thus easily transportable in two medium‐sized boxes. The research presented here deals

Scientific investigation is very important in studies addressing issues of archaeological and historical objects. Ion beam analysis (IBA) and macro X‐ray fluorescence (MA‐XRF) spectroscopy are remarkable tools to obtain information about elemental composition and imaging of historical artefacts with a non‐invasive character. These investigation techniques were employed in the framework of a project

Absorption tomography has been a unique technique for 3D imaging in many scientific research and applications. However, the use of polychromatic x‐ray sources for quantitative tomography has been limited due to the well‐known beam hardening effect. In this article, we will describe the theoretical details of a new technique for quantitative tomography using polychromatic x‐rays. The technique incorporates

Grain size is an important consideration in the determination of the bulk chemistry of Martian rocks and unconsolidated materials in situ by the alpha particle X‐ray spectrometer (APXS), deployed on the NASA‐led Mars Science Laboratory mission. We used 2.5 MeV protons to emulate the particle‐induced X‐ray emission (PIXE) branch (5 MeV alphas) of the APXS. Seven polished rock slabs (igneous and sedimentary)

In this study, we investigated the possibility of using an artificial neural network (ANN) to classify human hair samples according to pigment (original or bleached hair) and sex (female or male) from numerical data obtained by wavelength dispersive X‐ray fluorescence (WDXRF) and by laser‐induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). The results were promising, showing that the developed ANNs are able to

X‐ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis is a powerful approach to discriminate iron‐gall inks from different inscriptions. The representativeness of spot measurements is though often impaired by the material history and conservation state of historical artefacts bearing such inscriptions. The method proposed here, using a XRF scanner, not only improved the readability of inscriptions, thanks to the enhanced

In this article, the X‐ray fluorescence technique is proposed for the quantitative determination of major elements in ferromanganese nodules and crusts, which is a necessary stage of the oceanic ferromanganese deposits investigation and development. The research was performed using a wavelength‐dispersive spectrometer S4 Pioneer (Bruker AXS, Germany). Certified reference materials of ferromanganese

The method of determination of major (Si, Al, Fe, Mg, Ca, Na, K, Mn, P, Ti) and trace elements (As, Ba, Br, Ce, Cl, Co, Cr, Cu, F, Ga, Nb, Sr, La, Ni, Pb, Rb, S, U, Th, V, Y, Zn, Zr) in geochemical samples by wavelength dispersive X‐ray fluorescence spectrometer with a new sample preparation technique‐high pressure pressed pellet and covered with a 3.6 μm polyester film is proposed. The pellet was

During the restoration process of a huge oil canvas (266 cm × 361 cm × 3 cm) by Agostino Bosia, a deep diagnostic campaign was carried out to characterize the original materials and those stratified over time. The activity was supported by the technologies available today in the field of conservation of the Cultural Heritage. Multispectral analyses (UV fluorescence, infrared reflectography, infrared

The fluorescence yields are useful X‐ray atomic fundamental parameters for X‐ray spectrometric purposes but suffer from large tabulated uncertainties, and this is the first time to our knowledge that all three subshell parameters are measured together. We determined the three L partial fluorescence yields and the associated Coster‐Kronig transition probabilities of gadolinium, by selectively ionizing

An improved shift‐invariant wavelet (S‐I WT) de‐noising algorithm based on LLS operator is proposed for high‐resolution energy dispersive X‐ray fluorescence. Sym8 is chosen as the wavelet basis function and performed noise reduction on the analog signal. Comparison of the de‐noising effect of S‐I WT, improved WT and LLS S‐I WT (where LLS is the log square root operator) method are quantitatively evaluated

The energies and electric dipole rates of Kα X‐ray satellites due to 1s‐2p transitions in bromine and molybdenum with one to five vacancies in the 2p shell and other shells retaining their normal occupation numbers are computed using Multi‐Configuration Dirac Fock wavefunctions with the inclusion of relativistic and quantum electrodynamic corrections. As fully relativistic calculations on all the Kα

Reverse Monte Carlo iterative algorithm has been developed for quantification of energy‐dispersive X‐ray fluorescence analysis in order to calculate the concentrations of the elementary composition in solid substances. The core of the simulation code was the MCNP6 that is a well‐established and widely applied software package in the nuclear research and practice for simulation of nuclear systems or

Absolute measurement of photon flux under high‐fluence rate X‐rays was required in photon diagnostics for X‐ray lasers. A free‐air ionization chamber used for the reproducibility of air‐kerma in high‐fluence rate X‐ray was designed, and the monoenergetic X‐rays flux of (6–20) keV were absolutely measured on Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility. The energy spectrum of the monoenergetic X‐rays was

In this study, the absorption experiments which are an application area in XRS are discussed. The effect on the absorption parameters of the pressure applied to make pellet powder samples was investigated. The mass attenuation coefficients ( μ m), mean free paths and half‐value layers of samples prepared at different pressures were experimentally determined. C6H10O5, VF4, CaO and Y2O3 samples were

Generally, full‐scale biogas plants require trace elements supplementation to sustain a stable process. The aim was to apply total reflection X‐ray fluorescence (TXRF) to monitor the dissolved, active elements, for the first time, at μg/L levels in biogas plants. The digester liquid is comparable to sludge with high solids content and high salt concentrations. The ions are usually measured in the dried

A portable energy dispersive X‐ray fluorescence spectrometer and a micro‐Raman spectrometer are used for the nondestructive analysis of a batch of glazed pottery ornaments unearthed from Warring States Chu (楚) tombs (B.C.475–B.C.221) in Jiangling, Hubei Province, China. According to the chemical compositions obtained, all of the glazes belong to the lead–barium–silicate (PbO–BaO–SiO2) system and contain

A generalization of the Compton method for determining elements with a low atomic number Z from 1 (H) to 9 (F) by the ratio of the intensities of incoherent (Compton) and coherent (Rayleigh) scattering is proposed. The generalization takes into account not only the dependence of this ratio on the effective atomic number of the scatterer material but also the momentum transfer variable x = . The new

No abstract is available for this article.

Confocal three‐dimensional micro‐X‐ray fluorescence (3D‐μXRF) spectroscopy based on laboratory X‐ray tube was employed to unravel the three‐dimensional (3D) distribution of metal element (Fe) inner the paper. According the distribution of the Fe in the paper, the information covered in the printed paper could be retrieved. Before the experiment, the performance of the confocal 3D‐μXRF setup was described

A portable energy dispersive X‐ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometer furnished with an Rh X‐ray tube was evaluated for the determination of macronutrients and micronutrients in soybean leaves (Glycine max L.). XRF instrumental parameters were optimized in a univariate way, and emission intensities were measured for 60 s and under vacuum for macronutrients, and during 180 s, under air, and 305 μm Al/25

Compton to Rayleigh scattering intensity ratios (IC/IR) have been measured using X‐rays with energy 17.44 keV for single‐component materials with atomic number Z from 4 (Be) to 31 (Ga) and binary compounds of stoichiometric composition. The measurements have been performed using two optical schemes: an energy‐dispersive X‐ray fluorescence scheme with a molybdenum secondary target and wavelength‐dispersive

A new SEM‐EDS procedure for ancient ceramic classification, based on the automated acquisition and the semiautomated processing of multi‐elemental X‐ray maps, is described. Based on the detection of each aplastic inclusion, the procedure allows to simultaneously obtain a quantitative evaluation of both the inclusion mineral–chemical composition and the ceramic matrix chemical composition. The two data

The traditional labelling of archive documents (e.g., hand stamping) entails several limitations. It could affect the aesthetic value of the archive document and is easy to find and remove in case of the theft of the document. The use of a label that would not be easily visible by the naked eye would resolve both of these problems. One possibility in designing such label is the use of the elements

We present a design and test results of a high‐temperature superconducting magnet, which is under development for use in a new cryogen‐free electron beam ion trap. The magnet is designed to provide a magnetic field as high as about 3 T with a combination of six double‐pancake coils. In order to achieve such a high field, the critical current is increased by cooling the magnet down to 20 K with a refrigerator

Cancers are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the world. The purpose of this study was to conduct a survey on the effect of minerals on cancer risk in the Algerian population. One hundred and seventy‐eight plasma samples were used to analyze the concentrations of iron (Fe), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) in cancerous patients and also in healthy subjects using the X‐ray florescence

Direct analysis of essential oil has been performed for estimation of the elemental content in five different extracted essential oils from the leaves of different plants, namely, Mentha longifolia, Rosmarinus officinalis, Ocimum basilicum, Elletaria cardamomum, and Lavandula hybrida. A benchtop total reflection X‐ray fluorescence spectrometer with a maximum power of 40 W was used for this purpose

This article describes a novel idea on preparation of a glass bead for X‐ray fluorescence spectrometry, to determine alloyed elements in high‐speed steel without any matrix correction. The quantification method using the glass bead is generally effective to reduce secondary X‐ray absorption and enhancement (matrix effect) by coexisting elements in a sample. Although the glass bead is normally prepared

With the unprecedented range of ion species and energies offered by the newly commissioned CRYRING facility, the availability of single ion detectors is of significant importance as part of standard instrumentation as well as for novel experiments. A detector system was constructed on the basis of the YAP:Ce crystal scintillator, which is at once radiation‐hard, fast, and affordable. Results of a characterization

This research presents non‐destructive analyses of Chinese enamelled copper and porcelain decorated with polychrome enamels. This study utilises two key, high‐value art works with complex enamelling in the collection of the Victoria and Albert Museum (London, UK) to elucidate the composition and technology of objects with ruby‐backed decoration. These plates date from early Qing dynasty and are associated

Spherically‐bent crystal analyzers (SBCAs) see considerable use in very high‐resolution hard X‐ray wavelength dispersive X‐ray fluorescence spectroscopy, often called X‐ray emission spectroscopy (XES). While Si and Ge are the most frequently used diffractive components of SBCAs, we consider here the somewhat classical choice of muscovite mica as the dispersing element. We find that the various harmonics

Background suppression is discussed in wavelength‐dispersive polarization X‐ray spectrometer (WDPXRS), in which the goniometer scans in plane perpendicular to primary and secondary beams. Background suppression coefficients in WDPXRS and energy‐dispersive polarization X‐ray spectrometer are determined by different expressions (in “The scattering suppression of X‐rays with energy of 20–200 keV in spectrometers

A total of 47 pottery fragments were unearthed in Hachijojima Island, part of the Izu Islands (Tokyo, Japan). Among these samples, 36 found in the Kurawa site had designs resembling pottery dating back to the Jomon period (14,000–300 BC) distributed throughout Japan's main island, Honshu; five samples from the Jomon period found in the Yubama site were “undesigned”; the rest, found in the Yaene site

We present extreme ultraviolet spectra of 3s 3p –3s 3d transitions in Fe14+ observed with a compact electron beam ion trap. The contributions of indirect excitation via a metastable state and resonant excitation are studied by observing the electron energy dependence of the spectra for the energy range of 60–210 eV. The results indicate that the 3s 3d 1D 2 level is directly excited from the 3s 2 ground

Synchrotron radiation (SR), as a result of its high‐intensity, brilliant, monochromatic, and collimated beams, is becoming one of the most crucial components of research in various fields of materials science such as nanomaterials, biomaterials, and energy materials. SR‐based characterization methods can be employed to analyze different systems such as powders, thin films, and bulk forms having complex

The principal aim of the in situ X‐ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis on the canvas “The Coronation of the Virgin” was to characterise the colour palette of Carlo Bononi (Ferrara, 1580–1632), a lesser‐known artist of the early Baroque period in Ferrara. More than 100 points were collected by means of an XRF spectrometer, but the presence of many overlapping painted layers left some doubts about the preparation

Feathers can be used to investigate exposure to pollution in birds because they are a secondary route for the excretion of trace elements. Evidence based on analytical imaging and spectroscopy suggests that the spatial distribution of the essential trace element zinc within feathers is related to melanin pigmentation. However, our understanding of how trace elements are deposited into growing feathers

Strontium‐based medications, such as strontium ranelate, have been suggested to have therapeutic effects in patients with osteoporosis. Strontium salts available off‐shelf in stores across North America are assumed to provide similar effects as strontium ranelate and thus should lead to similar distributions of elemental strontium incorporated in bone. The objective of this study was to compare the

The possibility of effective band‐reject filtration of intense spectral lines in X‐ray spectra and the creation of deep spectral valleys in the continuous spectrum by diffraction extinction was shown. Optimum material for band‐reject filters in the energy range E > 6 keV is highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG). The filtering scheme in the form of an echelon arrangement of HOPG films is proposed

The simulation of atomic relaxation relies on data libraries with tabulated partial fluorescence yield values of radiative transitions, commonly derived from the Evaluated Atomic Data Library (EADL). However, recent studies support that the data library EADL could be improved by adopting Scofield's Hartree‐Fock calculations instead of current Scofield's Hartree‐Slater calculations. This work presents

In the past two decades, the in situ X‐ray fluorescence (XRF) technology has been developed rapidly in China, which is mainly due to the rapid development of China's economy and the great demand for rapid qualitative and quantitative analysis of elements in geological exploration, environmental protection, and industrial process analysis. In this article, the development of in situ XRF analysis technology

X‐ray fluorescence spectra of copper (Cu) metal, copper monoxide (CuO), and potassium chromate (K2CrO4) were recorded as a function of incident X‐ray energy near the Cu K‐edge and chromium (Cr) K‐edge, respectively, using a conventional silicon drift detector. The spectra contained components due to elastic, inelastic, and multiple scattering, in addition to the Kα and Kβ lines. Cu and Cr K‐edge X‐ray

Chloride and sulfate ions ingress behaviors in concrete are more complex and complicated processes than can be described by Fick's law of diffusion. A new approach based on two‐dimensional correlation mapping (2D‐CM) and particle‐induced X‐ray emission (PIXE) spectra was successfully applied to describe their transportation process. The use of hybrid 2D correlation enabled a fast comparison of ions

The main purpose of this presentation was to evaluate the performance of total reflection X‐ray fluorescence (TXRF) among conventional analytical techniques such as atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), inductively coupled plasma‐optical emission spectrometry (ICP‐OES), and inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry ICP‐MS). In order to perform the study, one sample and a blank acidified with nitric

We present valence-to-core x-ray emission spectroscopy of Ti, TiO and TiO2 by means of a double crystal von Hamos spectrometer based on full-cylinder highly-annealed pyrolytic graphite mosaic crystals. We demonstrate that, using a double crystal configuration, an energy resolution of E/ΔE ≈ 2700 can be achieved in a compact setup using cylindrically curved optics with a radius of curvature of 50 mm

Abnormal tissue levels of certain trace elements such as zinc (Zn) were reported in various types of cancer. Little is known about the role of Zn in osteosarcoma. Using confocal synchrotron radiation micro X-ray fluorescence analysis, we characterized the spatial distribution of Zn in high-grade sclerosing osteosarcoma of nine patients (four women/five men; seven knee/one humerus/one femur) following

Two different confocal micro X-ray fluorescence spectrometers have been developed and installed at Osaka City University and the Vienna University of Technology Atominstitut. The Osaka City University system is a high resolution spectrometer operating in air. The Vienna University of Technology Atominstitut spectrometer has a lower spatial resolution but is optimized for light element detection and