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Multielemental analysis by total reflection X‐ray fluorescence spectrometry and phytochelatins determination in aquatic plants X-Ray Spectrom. (IF 1.254) Pub Date : 2021-01-19 Nancy Lara‐Almazán; Graciela Zarazúa‐Ortega; Pedro Ávila‐Pérez; Carmen Carreño‐De León; Carlos Eduardo Barrera‐Díaz
Although heavy‐metal biomonitoring in aquatic environments has been traditionally based on chemical analyses, these do not reflect the impact on organisms; because of this, international environmental agencies have proposed the use of biomarkers. In this study Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn and Pb were bio‐monitored in different species of aquatic plants using Total Reflection X‐Ray Fluorescence (TXRF) spectrometry
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Determination of the screening parameter for 1s electrons in a bound atom by the ratio of the intensities of coherent and incoherent scattering of X‐rays X-Ray Spectrom. (IF 1.254) Pub Date : 2021-01-14 Igor F. Mikhailov; Sergey V. Surovitskiy; Anton I. Mikhailov
The screening parameter (Z‐S) of a self‐consistent field of 1s electrons was experimentally determined for Be, B, and C atoms and for atoms with the number Z ≤ 9 included in the LiF, Li2CO3, Li4B4O7, B4C, B2O3, H2O, and C2H6O compounds. The determination was made by the experimental dependence of the ratio of the intensities of Rayleigh and Compton scattering on the momentum transfer variable in the
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Combining macro‐XRF, OCT, and sampling techniques in the authentication study of the painting attributed to Michael Willmann X-Ray Spectrom. (IF 1.254) Pub Date : 2021-01-05 Barbara Łydżba‐Kopczyńska; Magdalena Iwanicka; Magdalena Kowalska; Piotr Targowski
In this contribution, we present the first analytical study of the painting “Christ in Gethsemane” (from a parish church of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Żagań, Silesia, Poland) which attribution to Michael Willmann (1630–1706) has been questioned recently by art historians. After some preliminary non‐invasive investigations, the painting was subjected to Macro XRF scanning. The further
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Fundamental research for a new confocal line X‐ray spectrometer X-Ray Spectrom. (IF 1.254) Pub Date : 2021-01-05 Hitomi Nakano; Shota Sonoda; Tsugufumi Matsuyama; Shintaro Komatani; Kouichi Tsuji
Confocal X‐ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry can be used to perform three‐dimensional elemental analysis, which is impossible using general micro XRF spectrometry without any collimating optics in the detection channel. In this study, we designed, for the first time, a new confocal line XRF (C‐L‐XRF) system that can obtain elemental information of a larger area and higher intensity in XRF analysis
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Mudirac: A Dirac equation solver for elemental analysis with muonic X‐rays X-Ray Spectrom. (IF 1.254) Pub Date : 2020-12-15 Simone Sturniolo; Adrian Hillier
We present a new open‐source software for the integration of the radial Dirac equation developed specifically with muonic atoms in mind. The software, called mudirac, is written in C++ and can be used to predict frequencies and probabilities of the transitions between levels of the muonic atom. In this way, it provides an invaluable tool in helping with the interpretation of muonic X‐ray spectra for
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Development and validation of a WD‐XRF method for quantitative trace analysis: Application in the food industry X-Ray Spectrom. (IF 1.254) Pub Date : 2020-12-14 María Fernanda Gazulla; Marta Rodrigo; María Jesús Ventura; Mónica Orduña; Cristina Andreu
Kaolins, clays, sepiolites, nitrates, carbonates, and so forth are commonly used in the food industry, either as additives or technological contributories in fining and bleaching processes. These materials must be thoroughly controlled as they can contain some heavy metals that must be in very low concentration as they are toxic to humans. Methods using ICP‐OES, AAS, and ICP‐MS for the determination
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Modigliani's studio practice revealed by MA‐XRF and non‐invasive spectral imaging techniques X-Ray Spectrom. (IF 1.254) Pub Date : 2020-12-06 Anaïs Genty‐Vincent; Eric Laval; Marie‐Amélie Senot; Michel Menu
Amedeo Modigliani (1884–1920) is an artist highly valued by the public. However, his works have been little studied by natural scientists. The project “Modigliani and His Secrets” follows two closely correlated purposes: a better knowledge of the materiality of the works and a better understanding of the studio practice of the artist. The corpus (25 paintings and 3 sculptures, works belonging to French
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X‐ray shielding parameters of lanthanum oxide added waste soda‐lime glass X-Ray Spectrom. (IF 1.254) Pub Date : 2020-12-01 Iskender Akkurt; Kadir Gunoglu; Recep Kurtuluş; Taner Kavas
Besides various materials, glass becomes very important, as it has started to be used in many applications. Thus, their radiation shielding properties should be determined for safely using in critical applications such as for medical purposes With this in mind, the present study investigated the radiation shielding parameters of waste soda‐lime (SLS) containing varying amounts of lanthanum oxide (La2O3)
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In memoriam Jean‐Claude Dousse X-Ray Spectrom. (IF 1.254) Pub Date : 2020-11-24 Diane M. Eichert; Michael Kolbe; Joanna Hoszowska
It is with great sadness that we learned that Professor Jean‐Claude Dousse passed away on June 21st, 2020. Professor Dousse was the former vice‐dean of the Faculty of Sciences and head of the Atomic and X‐Ray Physics Group at the University of Fribourg, Switzerland. He was also a former member of the editorial board of the X‐Ray Spectrometry journal. Jean‐Claude's contributions to science and the scientific
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Spectrometer configuration and measurement uncertainty in X‐ray spectroscopy X-Ray Spectrom. (IF 1.254) Pub Date : 2020-11-09 Robert Redus; Alan Huber; Robert Dubay
How should one select the best detector and the best spectrometer configuration for a particular measurement in X‐ray spectroscopy? The end user is typically interested in obtaining the best precision, accuracy, and detection limit but these are indirectly related to the typical spectrometer specifications, such as energy resolution measured with 55Fe, maximum count rate, or detector area. In this
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RBS and PIXE data analysis by two dimensional correlation mapping techniques: On the effects of ion irradiation and sulfonation on poly(ether ether ketone) membranes X-Ray Spectrom. (IF 1.254) Pub Date : 2020-10-22 Abdul G. Al Lafi; Mohammed S. Rihawy
The present work proposes the use of two‐dimensional correlation mapping (2D‐CM) methods to analyze both particle induced X‐ray emission (PIXE) and Rutherford back scattering (RBS) spectra. RBS spectra of ion irradiated (H+ and He2+) poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) films were analyzed by both generalized and hybrid 2D‐CM techniques to reveal the chemistry involved in different ion irradiation types
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Macro X‐ray fluorescence scanning, multi‐ and hyperspectral imaging study of multiple layers of paintings on paneled vault in the church of Le Quillio (France) X-Ray Spectrom. (IF 1.254) Pub Date : 2020-10-20 Kilian Laclavetine; David Giovannacci; Marie Radepont; Anne Michelin; Aurélie Tournié; Oulfa Belhadj; Christine Andraud; Witold Nowik
During initial conservator's investigation of paneled wooden vault of the church in Le Quillio, 17th century paintings, hidden behind painted canvas nailed on the panels were discovered. A closer look on these paintings and some exposure windows showed the presence of an older paint layer. This layer corresponds to the first vault decoration, dating back all the way at the end of 15th century, existence
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Vignetted photon fields, recharacterisation of V Kα, and reducing X‐ray uncertainties by a factor of two X-Ray Spectrom. (IF 1.254) Pub Date : 2020-10-20 Jonathan W. Dean; Christopher T. Chantler
A vignetting profile form is incorporated with characteristic X‐ray emission data from a Johann‐mounted crystal diffractometer. We prove the validity of the specific form of the vignetting profile. A new characterisation of the Kα profile for vanadium is presented, which supports and is superior to the current benchmark. Using the profile form as a correction for systematic vignetting reduces energy
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Cover Image X-Ray Spectrom. (IF 1.254) Pub Date : 2020-10-20 Erin L. Flannigan; John L. Campbell; John G. Spray; Lucy M. Thompson
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Characterization of PM2.5 at a traffic site using several integrated analytical techniques X-Ray Spectrom. (IF 1.254) Pub Date : 2020-10-14 Nasser M. Hamdan; Hussain Alawadhi; Mohamed Shameer
We have conducted a comprehensive, year‐long, sampling campaign for particulate matter (PM) at a site near a major highway, following standard protocols. Total mass, elemental and chemical composition of the fine fractions (PM2.5) of particulates originating from traffic are determined using several complementary techniques. These complementary techniques include gravimetric analysis, X‐ray fluorescence
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Spectral X‐ray computed micro tomography: 3‐dimensional chemical imaging X-Ray Spectrom. (IF 1.254) Pub Date : 2020-10-07 Jonathan Sittner; Jose R. A. Godinho; Axel D. Renno; Veerle Cnudde; Marijn Boone; Thomas De Schryver; Denis Van Loo; Margarita Merkulova; Antti Roine; Jussi Liipo
We present a new approach to 3‐dimensional chemical imaging based on X‐ray computed micro tomography (CT), which enables the analysis of the internal elemental chemistry. The method uses a conventional laboratory‐based CT scanner equipped with a semiconductor detector (CdTe). Based on the X‐ray absorption spectra, elements in a sample can be distinguished by their specific K‐edge energy. The capabilities
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Investigation of mass attenuation coefficients of copper–silver thin films at 14.93–48.82 keV energy range X-Ray Spectrom. (IF 1.254) Pub Date : 2020-09-28 Ömer Söğüt; Erhan Cengiz; Musab Yavuz
In this study, the mass attenuation coefficients of copper–silver thin‐film alloys, produced by the thermal evaporation method at various concentrations, were measured at six different energies in the range of 14.93–48.82 keV (keV) by X‐ray Fluorescence technique (XRF). A 241Americium radioisotope source, having 50 mCi intensity and 59.54 keV energy photons, was used to stimulate the samples, and an
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Data intrinsic correction for working distance variations in MA‐XRF of historical paintings based on the Ar signal X-Ray Spectrom. (IF 1.254) Pub Date : 2020-09-21 Matthias Alfeld; Victor Gonzalez; Annelies van Loon
The nonplanar shape of a painting as well as practical constraints often result in the painting's surface not being parallel to the plane in that the measurement head of a MA‐XRF scanner is being moved. Changing the working distance affects the measurement geometry, so that the sensitivity for the same element may vary throughout the investigated area and induce visible artifacts. These artifacts are
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Elemental analysis of particulate matter in a metal workshop and of biological samples from exposed workers X-Ray Spectrom. (IF 1.254) Pub Date : 2020-09-18 Marija Čargonja; Darko Mekterović; Paula Žurga; Jagoda Ravlić‐Gulan; Iva Bogdanović Radović; Gordana Žauhar
During metal welding and cutting, large amounts of particulate matter (PM) are produced that might represent a significant health risk for the exposed workers. In the present pilot study, we performed an elemental analysis of fine PM collected in a metal workshop. Also, elemental analysis of the hair and nail samples collected from workers exposed to the workshop dust and control group was done. Concentrations
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X‐ray fluorescence spectroscopy and Monte Carlo simulation for quantitative characterization of Bolivian pre‐Hispanic golden artefacts X-Ray Spectrom. (IF 1.254) Pub Date : 2020-09-18 Fabio L. Melquiades; Sandro V. Santos; Fabio Lopes; Juan Villanueva; Jorge L. Ticona; Carlos R. Appoloni
The quantification of archaeological artefacts with X‐ray Fluorescence is quite complex because it demands some calibration procedure. It is also rather more challenging when the customization of the portable equipment for in situ measurements is required. The objective of this study was to introduce a quantitative method by performing a calibration curve for a ternary gold alloy (Au, Ag and Cu). Fast
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The influence of polarization and filtration of beams on the ED spectrometers sensitivity X-Ray Spectrom. (IF 1.254) Pub Date : 2020-09-16 B. Zh. Zhalsaraev
The topic under discussion is the influence of X‐ray polarization and filtration, as well as the influence of detectors count rate on sensitivity and detection limits (DLs) in spectrometers with energy dispersion (EDS). Parameters calculation technique for searching optimal analysis conditions has been developed. Typical DLs of elements with medium and high atomic numbers on various spectrometers are
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Combination of noninvasive imaging techniques to characterize pigments in Buddhist thangka paintings X-Ray Spectrom. (IF 1.254) Pub Date : 2020-09-14 Jessica Brocchieri; Laurence de Viguerie; Carlo Sabbarese; Marion Boyer
Scanning macro‐XRF, XRF point measurements and hyperspectral reflectance imaging in the visible and near‐infrared range were combined to characterize the pigments of a Tibetan painting. The complementary use of the different investigation techniques allowed us to (a) clearly identify the pigments used by the artist, (b) strengthen the few data present in historical and contemporary sources and (c)
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X‐ray spectrometry applied for characterization of bricks of Brazilian historical sites X-Ray Spectrom. (IF 1.254) Pub Date : 2020-09-14 Viviane Khoury Asfora; Carmen Cecilia Bueno; Vinicius Monteiro de Barros; Helen Khoury; René Van Grieken
This paper presents the results of X‐ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis of bricks sampled from historical places in Pernambuco, a state in the northeastern region of Brazil. In this study, twenty bricks found in historical sites were analyzed. Two bricks made in the 17th century, presumably used as ballast in ships coming from Holland, five locally manufactured bricks: one from 18th century, three from
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In situ macro X‐Ray fluorescence scanning on a Leonardo da Vinci portrait X-Ray Spectrom. (IF 1.254) Pub Date : 2020-09-07 Claudia Caliri; Marina Bicchieri; Paola Biocca; Francesco Paolo Romano
Recently, an oil‐on‐panel painting, portraying Leonardo da Vinci, was found in the monastery of Camaldoli (Arezzo, Italy). The painting comes from a private donation and, over time, it never was moved from the monastery or loaned to museums or art galleries for exhibitions. Historians hypothesise that the painting could be a seventeenth‐century copy of a portrait or a self‐portrait of Leonardo da Vinci
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Sunset and moonshine: Variable blue and yellow pigments used by Caspar David Friedrich in different creative periods revealed by in situ XRF imaging X-Ray Spectrom. (IF 1.254) Pub Date : 2020-09-07 Matthias Alfeld; Kristina Mösl; Ina Reiche
Caspar David Friedrich (1774–1840), one of the most famous German 19th c. painters, created paintings throughout his artistic life using different paint palettes, including many new pigments from the turn from the 18th to the 19th century. In that regard especially blue and yellow pigments are the focus of this non‐invasive chemical study using X‐ray fluorescence imaging, as these are a landscape painter's
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Measurement of L subshell fluorescence yield ratios of some high Z elements by selective excitation method X-Ray Spectrom. (IF 1.254) Pub Date : 2020-09-07 G. B. Hiremath; A. S. Bennal; M. M. Hosamani; N. M. Badiger; A. Trivedi; M. K. Tiwari
The L1, L2 and L3 subshells of Hf, Ta and Re atoms have been excited selectively by using microprobe XRF beam line, Indus‐2, RRCAT, India. The consequent characteristic L X‐ray photons, emitted from the targets due to creations of vacancies in L subshells, are measured using silicon drift detector (X‐123) spectrometer. As the energy of synchrotron radiation increases, the contribution of characteristic
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Adsorption competition study between chromate and phosphate from their solutions by total reflection X ray fluorescence spectrometry X-Ray Spectrom. (IF 1.254) Pub Date : 2020-09-01 María Natalia Piol; Andrea Acuña Alfonso; Andrea Saralegui; Cristina Vázquez
This paper explores the application of Total Reflection X‐Ray Fluorescence (TXRF) spectrometry for chromate (CrO42−) and phosphate (PO43−) determinations in synthetic solutions after their adsorption onto dolomite. The competition between both contaminants is also evaluated. Adsorption processes are considered an inexpensive, non‐contaminating alternative for retaining, on a selected substrate, a variety
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Comparison of four mobile, non‐invasive diagnostic techniques for differentiating glass types in historical leaded windows: MA‐XRF, UV–Vis–NIR, Raman spectroscopy and IRT X-Ray Spectrom. (IF 1.254) Pub Date : 2020-08-24 Simone Cagno; Geert Van der Snickt; Stijn Legrand; Joost Caen; Mathilde Patin; Wendy Meulebroeck; Yarince Dirkx; Michaël Hillen; Gunther Steenackers; Anastasia Rousaki; Peter Vandenabeele; Koen Janssens
This paper critically compares the performance of four non‐invasive techniques that match the accuracy, flexibility, time‐efficiency, and transportability required for in situ characterization of leaded glass windows: macroscopic X‐ray fluorescence imaging (MA‐XRF), UV–Vis–NIR, Raman spectroscopy, and infrared thermography (IRT). In order to compare the techniques on equal grounds, all techniques were
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Direct multielement determination of Cd, Pb, Fe, and Mn in ground coffee samples using energy dispersive X‐ray fluorescence spectrometry X-Ray Spectrom. (IF 1.254) Pub Date : 2020-08-11 Jorge S. Almeida; Lucilia A. Meira; Maiara S. Oliveira; Leonardo S. G. Teixeira
An analytical method was proposed for the quantification of Cd, Pb, Mn, and Fe in ground coffee samples using energy dispersive X‐ray fluorescence (EDXRF) spectrometry. External calibration was possible using the coffee matrix itself as standards with samples previously analyzed by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES). The ground coffee samples were analyzed in the form
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A new approach to the interpretation of XRF spectral imaging data using neural networks X-Ray Spectrom. (IF 1.254) Pub Date : 2020-08-09 Sotiria Kogou; Lynn Lee; Golnaz Shahtahmassebi; Haida Liang
Self‐organising map (SOM), an unsupervised machine learning algorithm based on neural networks, is applied to introduce a novel approach for the analysis of XRF spectral imaging data. This method automatically reduced hundreds of thousands of XRF spectra in a spectral image dataset to a handful of distinct clusters that share similar spectra. In this study, we show how clustering and the combination
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Below the surface of the coffin lid of Neskhonsuennekhy in the Museo Egizio collection X-Ray Spectrom. (IF 1.254) Pub Date : 2020-08-07 Tiziana Cavaleri; Paola Buscaglia; Claudia Caliri; Enrico Ferraris; Marco Nervo; Francesco Paolo Romano
The multidisciplinary and multi‐technical study of the coffin lid of Neskhonsuennekhy (Turin, Museo Egizio, inventory number S.05245) datable to the 26th dynasty (664–525 BC) was launched in 2015 at the Centro Conservazione e Restauro La Venaria Reale during the conservation activities required by the Museo Egizio, as part of wider research on the so‐called red coffins. Widespread abrasions and gaps
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Improving signal‐to‐noise ratio for the forensic analysis of glass using micro X‐ray fluorescence spectrometry X-Ray Spectrom. (IF 1.254) Pub Date : 2020-08-02 Ruthmara Corzo; Eric Steel
Micro X‐ray fluorescence spectrometry (μXRF) is a standard technique used for the elemental analysis of glass fragments in forensic casework. The glass specimens encountered in casework are usually small (<1 mm), thin fragments that are partially transparent to the exciting X‐ray beam. In addition to providing fluorescence from the small glass fragments, the primary beam X‐rays can scatter within the
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The accuracy evaluation method of baseline estimation algorithms in energy dispersive X‐ray fluorescence spectrum analysis X-Ray Spectrom. (IF 1.254) Pub Date : 2020-07-27 Luman Jia; Yi Gu; Qingxian Zhang; Jian Zhang; Xiaolan Yan; Yifan Zhang; Youjing Wang; Liangquan Ge
In energy dispersive X‐ray fluorescence analysis (EDXRF), many baseline estimation algorithms have been proposed for the accurate characteristic peak area. However, the true value of the characteristic peak area of measured spectrum is unknown and cannot be used to evaluate the accuracy of the baseline estimation algorithms. In this article, an assessment method was proposed based on Monte Carlo simulation
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Valence‐to‐core X‐ray emission spectroscopy of titanium compounds using energy dispersive detectors X-Ray Spectrom. (IF 1.254) Pub Date : 2020-07-27 Luis Miaja‐Avila; Galen C. O'Neil; Young Il Joe; Kelsey M. Morgan; Joseph W. Fowler; William B. Doriese; Brianna Ganly; Deyu Lu; Bruce Ravel; Daniel S. Swetz; Joel N. Ullom
X‐ray emission spectroscopy (XES) of transition metal compounds is a powerful tool for investigating the spin and oxidation state of the metal centers. Valence‐to‐core (vtc) XES is of special interest, as it contains information on the ligand nature, hybridization, and protonation. To date, most vtc‐XES studies have been performed with high‐brightness sources, such as synchrotrons, due to the weak
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Development of a highly mobile and versatile large MA‐XRF scanner for in situ analyses of painted work of arts X-Ray Spectrom. (IF 1.254) Pub Date : 2020-07-22 Emeline Pouyet; Nicholas Barbi; Henry Chopp; Owen Healy; Aggelos Katsaggelos; Sophia Moak; Rick Mott; Marc Vermeulen; Marc Walton
A new portable macro X‐ray fluorescence scanner has been specifically designed for in situ, real‐time elemental mapping of large painted surfaces. This system allows scanning 80 × 80 × 20 cm3 along the X , Z, and Y directions, respectively, with adaptive beam size at the energy of the Rh Ka‐line. The detection system consists of a 50 mm2 active area detector coupled to a CUBE pre‐amplifier and to the
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Migration of chlorine in the X‐ray fluorescence analysis of rocks X-Ray Spectrom. (IF 1.254) Pub Date : 2020-07-21 V. Ya Borkhodoev
The intensity of the analytical ClKα‐line continuously increases during the measurement of a rock sample. The main cause of this effect is the migration of chlorine into the irradiated (emitting) part of the sample. The hypothesis was credibly proved through the experiment in which a rock sample was measured first on one side, and then on the other. An increase in the intensity of the analytical line
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The importance of being little: MA‐XRF on manuscripts on a Venetian island X-Ray Spectrom. (IF 1.254) Pub Date : 2020-07-16 Anna Mazzinghi; Chiara Ruberto; Lisa Castelli; Paola Ricciardi; Caroline Czelusniak; Lorenzo Giuntini; Pier Andrea Mandò; Marco Manetti; Lara Palla; Francesco Taccetti
The X‐Ray Fluorescence (XRF) scanning spectrometer developed in the framework of Cultural Heritage Network ‐ National Institute of Nuclear Physics, is specifically customised for cultural heritage applications, designed with a focus on having a lightweight scanner (weighing approximately 10 kg), easy to handle and thus easily transportable in two medium‐sized boxes. The research presented here deals
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Characterisation of ancient Roman wall‐painting fragments using non‐destructive IBA and MA‐XRF techniques X-Ray Spectrom. (IF 1.254) Pub Date : 2020-07-12 Monia Vadrucci; Anna Mazzinghi; Beatrice Sorrentino; Stella Falzone; Claudia Gioia; Patrizia Gioia; Ersilia M. Loreti; Massimo Chiari
Scientific investigation is very important in studies addressing issues of archaeological and historical objects. Ion beam analysis (IBA) and macro X‐ray fluorescence (MA‐XRF) spectroscopy are remarkable tools to obtain information about elemental composition and imaging of historical artefacts with a non‐invasive character. These investigation techniques were employed in the framework of a project
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Complete elimination of the beam hardening effect in quantitative absorption tomography using polychromatic x‐rays with single‐component specimens X-Ray Spectrom. (IF 1.254) Pub Date : 2020-06-25 Aileen Eyou; Benedicta D Arhatari; Chanh Quoc Tran
Absorption tomography has been a unique technique for 3D imaging in many scientific research and applications. However, the use of polychromatic x‐ray sources for quantitative tomography has been limited due to the well‐known beam hardening effect. In this article, we will describe the theoretical details of a new technique for quantitative tomography using polychromatic x‐rays. The technique incorporates
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Powdered rock versus solid rock comparisons in particle‐induced X‐ray emission measurements for planetary geochemical exploration X-Ray Spectrom. (IF 1.254) Pub Date : 2020-06-25 Erin L. Flannigan; John L. Campbell; John G. Spray; Lucy M. Thompson
Grain size is an important consideration in the determination of the bulk chemistry of Martian rocks and unconsolidated materials in situ by the alpha particle X‐ray spectrometer (APXS), deployed on the NASA‐led Mars Science Laboratory mission. We used 2.5 MeV protons to emulate the particle‐induced X‐ray emission (PIXE) branch (5 MeV alphas) of the APXS. Seven polished rock slabs (igneous and sedimentary)
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Cover Image, Volume 49, Issue 4 X-Ray Spectrom. (IF 1.254) Pub Date : 2020-06-23 Fardausi Akhter, Graham D. Fairhurst, Peter E. R. Blanchard, Karen L. Machin, Rob I. R. Blyth, Julie Thompson, Jamille McLeod, Renfei Feng, Catherine Soos
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Artificial neural networks applied to the classification of hair samples according to pigment and sex using non‐invasive analytical techniques X-Ray Spectrom. (IF 1.254) Pub Date : 2020-06-09 Tamires Messias Berto; Mônica Cardoso Santos; Fabíola Manhas Verbi Pereira; Érica Regina Filletti
In this study, we investigated the possibility of using an artificial neural network (ANN) to classify human hair samples according to pigment (original or bleached hair) and sex (female or male) from numerical data obtained by wavelength dispersive X‐ray fluorescence (WDXRF) and by laser‐induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). The results were promising, showing that the developed ANNs are able to
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The use of XRF imaging for the chemical discrimination of iron‐gall ink inscriptions: A case study in Stradivari's workshop X-Ray Spectrom. (IF 1.254) Pub Date : 2020-05-07 Hortense de la Codre; Marie Radepont; Jean‐Philippe Echard; Oulfa Belhadj; Stéphane Vaiedelich; Véronique Rouchon
X‐ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis is a powerful approach to discriminate iron‐gall inks from different inscriptions. The representativeness of spot measurements is though often impaired by the material history and conservation state of historical artefacts bearing such inscriptions. The method proposed here, using a XRF scanner, not only improved the readability of inscriptions, thanks to the enhanced
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X‐ray fluorescence determination of major elements in ferromanganese nodules X-Ray Spectrom. (IF 1.254) Pub Date : 2020-05-04 Victor Chubarov, Alena Amosova, Alexander Finkelshtein
In this article, the X‐ray fluorescence technique is proposed for the quantitative determination of major elements in ferromanganese nodules and crusts, which is a necessary stage of the oceanic ferromanganese deposits investigation and development. The research was performed using a wavelength‐dispersive spectrometer S4 Pioneer (Bruker AXS, Germany). Certified reference materials of ferromanganese
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The technique of high‐pressure powder pressing with polyester film covering for XRF of geochemical samples X-Ray Spectrom. (IF 1.254) Pub Date : 2020-04-30 Xiaoli Li; Zhaoshui Yu; Jinli Xu; Yanshan Pan; Wei Bo; Bin Liu; Pengpeng Zhang; Jinfeng Bai; Qin Zhang
The method of determination of major (Si, Al, Fe, Mg, Ca, Na, K, Mn, P, Ti) and trace elements (As, Ba, Br, Ce, Cl, Co, Cr, Cu, F, Ga, Nb, Sr, La, Ni, Pb, Rb, S, U, Th, V, Y, Zn, Zr) in geochemical samples by wavelength dispersive X‐ray fluorescence spectrometer with a new sample preparation technique‐high pressure pressed pellet and covered with a 3.6 μm polyester film is proposed. The pellet was
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“Costruzione del viadotto”: MA‐XRF in the pictorial executive technique of Agostino Bosia X-Ray Spectrom. (IF 1.254) Pub Date : 2020-04-24 Marco Nervo; Francesco P. Romano; Claudia Caliri; Anna Piccirillo; Paolo Triolo; Daniele Demonte; Alessandro Gatti; Eleonora Vergallo; Michela Cardinali; Marianna Ferrero
During the restoration process of a huge oil canvas (266 cm × 361 cm × 3 cm) by Agostino Bosia, a deep diagnostic campaign was carried out to characterize the original materials and those stratified over time. The activity was supported by the technologies available today in the field of conservation of the Cultural Heritage. Multispectral analyses (UV fluorescence, infrared reflectography, infrared
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A LLS operator based S‐I WT de‐noising algorithm applied in EDXRF X-Ray Spectrom. (IF 1.254) Pub Date : 2020-04-22 Fei Li; Chuanfeng Tang; Hui Li; Liangquan Ge
An improved shift‐invariant wavelet (S‐I WT) de‐noising algorithm based on LLS operator is proposed for high‐resolution energy dispersive X‐ray fluorescence. Sym8 is chosen as the wavelet basis function and performed noise reduction on the analog signal. Comparison of the de‐noising effect of S‐I WT, improved WT and LLS S‐I WT (where LLS is the log square root operator) method are quantitatively evaluated
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Experimental determination of L fluorescence yields of gadolinium X-Ray Spectrom. (IF 1.254) Pub Date : 2020-04-22 Yves Ménesguen, Marie‐Christine Lépy
The fluorescence yields are useful X‐ray atomic fundamental parameters for X‐ray spectrometric purposes but suffer from large tabulated uncertainties, and this is the first time to our knowledge that all three subshell parameters are measured together. We determined the three L partial fluorescence yields and the associated Coster‐Kronig transition probabilities of gadolinium, by selectively ionizing
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K X‐ray satellite structures of bromine and molybdenum X-Ray Spectrom. (IF 1.254) Pub Date : 2020-04-18 L. Natarajan
The energies and electric dipole rates of Kα X‐ray satellites due to 1s‐2p transitions in bromine and molybdenum with one to five vacancies in the 2p shell and other shells retaining their normal occupation numbers are computed using Multi‐Configuration Dirac Fock wavefunctions with the inclusion of relativistic and quantum electrodynamic corrections. As fully relativistic calculations on all the Kα
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Reverse Monte Carlo iterative algorithm for quantification of X‐ray fluorescence analysis based on MCNP6 simulation code X-Ray Spectrom. (IF 1.254) Pub Date : 2020-04-07 Imre Szalóki, Anita Gerényi, Gábor Radócz
Reverse Monte Carlo iterative algorithm has been developed for quantification of energy‐dispersive X‐ray fluorescence analysis in order to calculate the concentrations of the elementary composition in solid substances. The core of the simulation code was the MCNP6 that is a well‐established and widely applied software package in the nuclear research and practice for simulation of nuclear systems or
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Absolute measurement of photon flux using ionization chamber in (6~20) keV synchrotron radiation X‐rays X-Ray Spectrom. (IF 1.254) Pub Date : 2020-04-03 Siming Guo, Peiwei Wang, Ji Wang, Fan Li, Jinjie Wu, Jian Zhang
Absolute measurement of photon flux under high‐fluence rate X‐rays was required in photon diagnostics for X‐ray lasers. A free‐air ionization chamber used for the reproducibility of air‐kerma in high‐fluence rate X‐ray was designed, and the monoenergetic X‐rays flux of (6–20) keV were absolutely measured on Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility. The energy spectrum of the monoenergetic X‐rays was
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Effect of pressure on pressed pellets in XRS X-Ray Spectrom. (IF 1.254) Pub Date : 2020-03-31 Demet Yılmaz, Zeynep Uzunoğlu
In this study, the absorption experiments which are an application area in XRS are discussed. The effect on the absorption parameters of the pressure applied to make pellet powder samples was investigated. The mass attenuation coefficients ( μ m), mean free paths and half‐value layers of samples prepared at different pressures were experimentally determined. C6H10O5, VF4, CaO and Y2O3 samples were
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Monitoring dissolved active trace elements in biogas plants using total reflection X‐ray fluorescence spectrometry X-Ray Spectrom. (IF 1.254) Pub Date : 2020-03-31 Richard Arthur, Paul A. Scherer
Generally, full‐scale biogas plants require trace elements supplementation to sustain a stable process. The aim was to apply total reflection X‐ray fluorescence (TXRF) to monitor the dissolved, active elements, for the first time, at μg/L levels in biogas plants. The digester liquid is comparable to sludge with high solids content and high salt concentrations. The ions are usually measured in the dried
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Scientific analysis of some glazed pottery unearthed from Warring States Chu tombs in Jiangling, Hubei Province: Indication for the origin of the low‐fired glazed pottery in China X-Ray Spectrom. (IF 1.254) Pub Date : 2020-03-29 Junqing Dong, Qinghui Li, Song Liu
A portable energy dispersive X‐ray fluorescence spectrometer and a micro‐Raman spectrometer are used for the nondestructive analysis of a batch of glazed pottery ornaments unearthed from Warring States Chu (楚) tombs (B.C.475–B.C.221) in Jiangling, Hubei Province, China. According to the chemical compositions obtained, all of the glazes belong to the lead–barium–silicate (PbO–BaO–SiO2) system and contain
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Determination of binary systems based on light elements by the ratio of the Compton and Rayleigh scattering intensities X-Ray Spectrom. (IF 1.254) Pub Date : 2020-03-26 Igor F. Mikhailov, Alexey A. Baturin, Anton I. Mikhailov, Svetlana S. Borisova
A generalization of the Compton method for determining elements with a low atomic number Z from 1 (H) to 9 (F) by the ratio of the intensities of incoherent (Compton) and coherent (Rayleigh) scattering is proposed. The generalization takes into account not only the dependence of this ratio on the effective atomic number of the scatterer material but also the momentum transfer variable x = . The new
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The composition and technology of polychrome enamels on Chinese ruby‐backed plates identified through nondestructive micro‐X‐ray fluorescence X-Ray Spectrom. (IF 1.254) Pub Date : 2020-03-12 Dana Norris, Dennis Braekmans, Kelly Domoney, Andrew Shortland
This research presents non‐destructive analyses of Chinese enamelled copper and porcelain decorated with polychrome enamels. This study utilises two key, high‐value art works with complex enamelling in the collection of the Victoria and Albert Museum (London, UK) to elucidate the composition and technology of objects with ruby‐backed decoration. These plates date from early Qing dynasty and are associated
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Spherically bent mica analyzers as universal dispersing elements for X‐ray spectroscopy X-Ray Spectrom. (IF 1.254) Pub Date : 2020-03-09 Emily S. Joseph, Evan P. Jahrman, Gerald T. Seidler
Spherically‐bent crystal analyzers (SBCAs) see considerable use in very high‐resolution hard X‐ray wavelength dispersive X‐ray fluorescence spectroscopy, often called X‐ray emission spectroscopy (XES). While Si and Ge are the most frequently used diffractive components of SBCAs, we consider here the somewhat classical choice of muscovite mica as the dispersing element. We find that the various harmonics
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X‐ray scattering and polarization in wavelength‐dispersive spectrometers X-Ray Spectrom. (IF 1.254) Pub Date : 2020-03-09 Batobolot Zhalsaraevich Zhalsaraev
Background suppression is discussed in wavelength‐dispersive polarization X‐ray spectrometer (WDPXRS), in which the goniometer scans in plane perpendicular to primary and secondary beams. Background suppression coefficients in WDPXRS and energy‐dispersive polarization X‐ray spectrometer are determined by different expressions (in “The scattering suppression of X‐rays with energy of 20–200 keV in spectrometers
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Provenance identification of ancient pottery from Hachijojima Island, part of Izu Islands (Tokyo, Japan), using X‐ray fluorescence spectrometry X-Ray Spectrom. (IF 1.254) Pub Date : 2020-03-09 Shintaro Ichikawa, Takehaya Matsumoto, Toshihiro Nakamura, Tsutomu Kurisaki
A total of 47 pottery fragments were unearthed in Hachijojima Island, part of the Izu Islands (Tokyo, Japan). Among these samples, 36 found in the Kurawa site had designs resembling pottery dating back to the Jomon period (14,000–300 BC) distributed throughout Japan's main island, Honshu; five samples from the Jomon period found in the Yubama site were “undesigned”; the rest, found in the Yaene site
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Resonant electron impact excitation of highly charged Fe ions studied with a compact electron beam ion trap X-Ray Spectrom. (IF 1.254) Pub Date : 2020-03-09 Masashi Monobe, Hiroyuki A. Sakaue, Daiji Kato, Izumi Murakami, Hirohisa Hara, Tetsuya Watanabe, Nobuyuki Nakamura
We present extreme ultraviolet spectra of 3s3p–3s3d transitions in Fe14+ observed with a compact electron beam ion trap. The contributions of indirect excitation via a metastable state and resonant excitation are studied by observing the electron energy dependence of the spectra for the energy range of 60–210 eV. The results indicate that the 3s3d 1D2 level is directly excited from the 3s2 ground state
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