Particulate matter (PM) is one of the most common air pollution sources causing various health-related conditions like cardiovascular diseases. However, among the three major PM types, UFPs have not yet been independently studied for their toxic effects on human health. In this study, we collected airborne dusts from Chuncheon-si, Republic of Korea, and analyzed it to understand the structural and

Patient-controlled analgesia often involves combinations of multiple drugs. This study aimed to determine the stability of drug mixtures commonly used for intravenous patient-controlled analgesia. We examined four of the most commonly used drug combinations in intravenous patient-controlled analgesia at our institution. Mixtures contained fentanyl (400 μg), either oxycodone (10 mg) or hydromorphone

The contrast transfer function (CTF) is an important principle in the field of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) imaging. It provides information on how the electron wave that interacted with a sample (in frequency domain) in an objective lens is transferred to the imaging system (in real space domain) depending on the effects of lens aberrations. Based on the CTF calculation, various useful results

In this work, two colourimetric sensors for metal ions detection are presented. The devices are obtained by fixing two classical dyes, Eriochrome Black T (EBT) and 1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphthol (PAN), on the commercial paper sheet “Colour Catcher®” (here named under the acronym CC) generally used in the washing machine to prevent colour run problems. The devices are optical sensors, since the indicator

Avanafil (AV) is the phosphodiesterase (PDE) type 5 inhibitor drug used in erectile dysfunction, having pyrrolidine, pyrimidine, carboxamide, and chlorine as functional groups which can easily break by environmental changes and cause toxicity. Henceforth, in detail, HPLC stability study with the Quality-by-Design (QbD) approach is presented which leads to recommended storage conditions. The stability

Vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) is one of the most important catecholamine metabolites, and it is usually used to aid in diagnosis of pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma. A new digital control microextraction by packed sorbent (MEPS) procedure coupled to liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method has been developed to determine VMA in human urine. We evaluated important parameters influencing

The chemical properties including toxicity of selenium depend on the concentration and chemical structure present in the natural environment. Inorganic selenium is more toxic than organic selenium; thus, the accurate determination of inorganic selenium in various sample has been needed. HG-AAS, HPLC-ICP-MS, and GC-MS are the current methods for the determination of inorganic selenium. However, these

In recent years, açai berries (Euterpe Oleracea M.), goji berries (Lycium barbarum L.), bilberries (Vaccinium myrtillus L.), and chia seeds (Salvia hispanica L.) have increased interest worldwide due to their nutritional value and health benefits. In the present study, SEC-ICP-MS and μ-HPLC-ESI-MS/MS were used for the investigation of cobalt speciation and evaluation of its bioaccessibility in these

In this study, we have developed a wireless, portable, standalone, and simple electric cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS) system to analyze in-depth functional aspects of cellular functions on the surface of a co-planar metal electrode coated on conventional glass substrate using a low-cost circuitry and correlated it with an equivalent electrical circuit (EEC) model. Low-cost circuitry was used

Phosphorus is one of the most important constituents of human biofilms, in particular lipid bilayer packing, phase transition (gel phase, physiological liquid crystal phase, ripple phase, non-biphasic), lipid head group orientation/mechanics, and pure lipid bilayers. Phosphorus observations in biofilms play an important role in the study of the interaction of many types of proteins and biofilms in

A sensitive and accurate ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the determination of EVT201 and its two metabolites, Ro46-1927 and Ro18-5528, in human urine. Different sample preparation methods were compared, and solid-phase extraction (SPE) was finally employed. Separation conditions and mass spectrometry parameters

Alalevonadifloxacin mesylate (ALA), pro-drug of levonadifloxacin is a new antibiotic approved in India to treat infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria. Alkyl mesylates (AMs) are known genotoxic impurities (GTI’s) formed in drug substances isolated as mesylate salts. Time-dependent selected reaction monitoring (t-SRM)-based gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) method has been

Cubic-shaped Ag3PO4 crystals with a mean size of 1 μm were synthesized by a precipitation method from a mixed solution of AgNO3, Na2HPO4, and triethanolamine. The antibacterial activities against Escherichia coli, Listeria innocua, and Pseudomonas syringae DC3000 in both the absence and presence of Ag3PO4 under dark conditions and in the presence of Ag3PO4 under red-light (625 nm) and blue-light (460 nm)

Larotrectinib is an orally administered drug and the first and only selective pan-tropomyosin receptor kinase (TRK) inhibitor in clinical development to treat cancer patients harboring a neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase gene fusion. In this study, an analytical method to quantify the TRK inhibitor in mouse and human plasma was developed and validated using LC-MS/MS following protein precipitation

Bile acids (BAs) are synthesized in the liver and can mediate homeostasis and various metabolism processes in the human body. Their levels in the gastrointestinal tract are closely related to various gastrointestinal diseases. In particular, farnesoid X receptor activated by free BAs is associated with overexpression of histidine decarboxylase in tumorigenesis. Therefore, comprehensive profiling of

To support the multicomponent pharmacokinetics of Gastrodia elata, a rapid, simple, and sensitive ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem with mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) approach was established for simultaneous quantification of gastrodin, parishin A, parishin B, parishin C, and parishin E. Five compounds were extracted from plasma by using one-step protein precipitation. The chromatographic

In this work, wheat straw (WS) was used as a lignocellulosic substrate to investigate the influence of pH on enzymatic saccharification. The optimum enzymatic hydrolysis occurred at pH range 5.8–6.0, instead of 4.8–5.0 as has been widely reported in research. Two enzymes cocktails, Celluclast® 1.5 L with Novozymes 188, Cellic® CTec2 and endo-1,4-β-xylanase, were used for the pH investigation over a

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

As a promising transparent semiconducting oxide (TSO) candidate, zinc-tin-oxide (ZTO) thin films were fabricated by combining solution coating and ultraviolet (UV) laser annealing. Instead of external heating, an intense UV laser was applied to transform sol-gel coatings via surface heating and photoexcited dissociation into oxide films. The laser-induced phase transformation was extensively investigated

KR-12 was derived from the human antimicrobial peptide, LL-37. KR-12 maintains the antimicrobial activity of LL-37 and has low toxicity against human cells, thereby showing a high potential for various applications. In this study, the three-dimensional structure of KR-12 analog (KR-12-pa) was determined by solution NMR spectroscopy. The NMR structure of KR-12-pa revealed a nearly perfect amphipathic

Development of a facile and sensitive analytical tool for the detection of heavy metal ions is still a challenging task because of interference from other chemical species. In this work, glutathione (GSH)-capped Syzygium cumini carbon dots (CDs) have been integrated with agarose hydrogel film and used as an amalgamated solid probe for sensing of different metal ions (Pb2+, Fe3+, and Mn2+). The synthesis

A simple, robust, and precise method for the absolute quantification of the terpenes α-pinene, camphene, β-pinene, 3-carene, limonene, bornyl acetate, β-caryophyllene, and borneol was developed using gas chromatography coupled to a flame ionization detector (GC-FID) and validated according to the International Council for Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use. The

Bromophenol-thiosemicarbazone hybrid was a novel synthetic brominated anticancer compound with two bromine atoms. Bromophenol-thiosemicarbazone hybrid showed considerable selective inhibitory activity against PARP1 (IC50 = 29.5 nmol/L). UHPLC-TOF-MS was used to establish a new method to quantify bromophenol-thiosemicarbazone hybrid bio-samples for indispensable quantitation analysis in further extensive

Herein, we report the construction of a colorimetric probe used to detecting Cr3+ ions in aqueous solution based on functionalized gold nanoparticles. We investigated 4-mercaptobenzoic acid, 4-nitrobenzenethiol, and a mixture of 4-mercaptobenzoic acid and 4-nitrobenzenethiol as ligands for Cr3+ ions to functionalize the gold nanoparticles, respectively. The results showed that the three probes were

The peak suppression effect, which suppresses the argon isotope signal due to the incomplete cleaning of gas from geological samples during measurement, is found in volatile-rich samples using the ARGUS VI noble gas mass spectrometer and its sample preparation system. Such effect hampers getting the precise isotope ratio essential for the 40Ar/39Ar age calculation. The addition of one hot-getter and

In magnetic resonance imaging, the fidelity of image reconstruction is an important criterion. It has been suggested that the infinite-extent sinc kernel is the ideal interpolation kernel for ensuring the reconstruction quality of non-Cartesian trajectories. However, the application of the sinc function has been limited owing to its computational overheads. Recently, graphics processing units (GPUs)

The simultaneous removal of Cadmium ions and reactive yellow 4 dye (RY4 dye) by bone meal-derived apatite (BMDA) were investigated in a batch process. The structural elucidation of the prepared BMDA was done using TEM, XRD, FT-IR and EDX to evaluate the structures of the adsorbent. Different experimental features such as the agitation time, BMDA dosage, temperature, initial adsorbate concentration

A buoyant solid-phase extraction adsorbent was prepared by sodium alginate-coated hollow glass microspheres (HGMs) modified with 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (3-APTS) for the separation and enrichment of anionic dye amaranth. After adsorbing amaranth, these low-density adsorbents can float on the surface of the solution, so the separation between adsorbents and substrates can be carried out by flotation

Histamine is an important biogenic amine because of its role in immune responses and the regulation of physiological functions. It is also used as a food freshness indicator, so its maximum concentration in fish is legally regulated. Although several robust and sensitive methods for histamine detection are already available, it continues to be a challenge to develop simple and portable devices that

In this study, a novel dual-label time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay (TRFIA) is described for simultaneous quantification of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) and human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) in serum to screen gynecologic cancers. A double-antibody sandwich TRFIA was introduced with europium and samarium chelates to simultaneously detect the concentrations of HER-2 and HE4. Under optimal

This paper presents the application of polyglycine-modified graphene paste electrode (PGMGPE) for the electrochemical detection of Hg (II) and Pb (II) ions in the water and biological samples. The developed electrode was characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy. Electrochemical techniques such as cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry were used to study the behavior

Aminoglycosides are broad-spectrum antibiotics often employed to combat Gram-negative bacterial infections. A technique based on electrospray-ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) was developed for rapid determination of aminoglycosides. This method, which does not require prior chromatographic separation, or derivatization and extensive sample preparation steps, was deployed to estimate gentamicin

The human hair is a potential material for assessing the exposure to environmental contaminants and tracing human mobility. Although various digestion methods have been proposed for determining trace elements in the human hair, there is no consensus about the best method among them yet. We examined five different methods in order to determine the best method yielding the most accurate and precise data

Application of green solvents for developing green analytical methodologies has grown dramatically in the past few years. The “more hazardous reagents” are replaced by more “environment-friendly solvents” without affecting method performance. In the present study, two simple and accurate chromatographic methods were developed and validated for determination of the new antiviral combination sofosbuvir

Although the thalamus is known to modulate basal ganglia function related to motor control activity, the abnormal changes within the thalamus during distinct medical complications have been scarcely investigated. In order to explore the feasibility of assessing iron accumulation in the thalamus as an informative biomarker for Parkinson’s disease (PD), this study was designed to employ quantitative

Lisinopril (LNP) is an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor used as anti-hypertensive, cardiovascular, in anti-prophylactic and anti-diabetic nephropathy drug. Development of two new, simple, low cost, and selective membrane-based ion-selective electrodes has been proposed for the determination of LNP in pharmaceuticals. The electrodes are based on poly(vinyl)chloride membrane doped with LNP-phosphotungstic

Lamotrigine (LTG) and oxcarbazepine (OXC) are first-line drugs for epilepsy treatment. Their large pharmacokinetics variabilities and relations between efficacy and toxicity and blood plasma concentration require routine monitoring for dose adjustment. In this study, we developed and validated a simple, accurate, and reliable method for simultaneous determination of LTG, OXC and 10,11-dihydro-10-hydroxycarbazepine

In Korean folk medicine, Artemisia iwayomogi has largely been employed for the improvement of diabetic complications and hepatic function as well as in the treatment of female diseases and skin whitening. Accordingly, the present study sought to assess cosmeceutical activity of Artemisia iwayomogi. Through activity-guided fractionation, scopolin (AI-1), 2,4-dihydroxy-6-methoxy-acetophenone 4-O-β-D-glucoside

An electrochemically based antibody immobilization was used to perform environmentally and clinically relevant immunoassays for stress hormones biomarkers (cortisol and cortisone) using chemiluminescence (CL) detection. To achieve CL detection, the ferrocene tag on the antibodies was first oxidised, and this then acted as a catalyst for the luminol and hydrogen peroxide CL reaction. The conditions

A simple, sensitive, and specific liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrophotometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the quantification of lenalidomide in human plasma. The separation was carried out on a symmetry, C18, 5-μm (50 × 4.6 mm) column as stationary phase and with an isocratic mobile phase of 0.1% formic acid in water-methanol in the ratio of (15:85, v/v) at a flow rate

Trimethylamine (TMA) is a marker used for monitoring the quality of seafood because it is the primary component of the “fishy” odor. The levels of TMA in seafood samples were directly measured by helium-plasma ionization mass spectrometry (HePI-MS). Each sample was directly exposed to the HePI source, and the intensity of the m/z 60 signal for protonated TMA was monitored by a selected-ion-recording

Background An HPLC method employing a post-column derivatization strategy using the cupric reducing antioxidant capacity reagent (CUPRAC reagent) for the determining antioxidants in plant-based materials leverages the separation capability of regular HPLC approaches while allowing for detection specificity for antioxidants. Methods Three different column types, namely core-shell and porous silica including

Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) has advanced rapidly in the last decade thanks to the ability to correct the major aberrations of the probe-forming lens. Now, atomic-sized beams are routine, even at accelerating voltages as low as 40 kV, allowing knock-on damage to be minimized in beam sensitive materials. The aberration-corrected probes can contain sufficient current for high-quality

Cancer stem cells (CSCs), or alternatively called tumor initiating cells (TICs), are a subpopulation of tumor cells, which possesses the ability to self-renew and differentiate into bulk tumor mass. An accumulating body of evidence suggests that CSCs contribute to the growth and recurrence of tumors and the resistance to chemo- and radiotherapy. CSCs achieve self-renewal through asymmetric division

Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) plays key roles in regulating various mitotic processes that are critical for cellular proliferation. A growing body of evidence suggests that Plk1 overexpression is tightly associated with the development of human cancers. Interestingly, various types of cancer cells are shown to be addicted to a high level of Plk1, and the reversal of Plk1 addiction appears to be an effective

Natural infection and then recovery are considered to be the most effective means for hosts to build protective immunity. Thus, mimicking natural infection of pathogens, many live attenuated vaccines such as influenza virus, and yellow fever vaccine 17D were developed and have been successfully used to induce protective immunity. However, humans fail to generate long-term protective immunity to some

Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a clinical condition caused by a disturbance in myocardial blood flow. ACS can be basically divided into two forms: ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) due to complete occlusion of the coronary artery and non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) due to partial occlusion of the coronary artery. In this study, we aimed to monitor the metabolite profile of

The purpose of this study is to synthesize the new branched magnetic nanocomposite to carry the therapeutic agents and bio-macromolecules. Although topotecan (TPT) has significant antitumor activity to lung, ovarian, breast, pancreas, and stomach cancers, lactone ring opening causes a reduction in cytotoxic activity and severe side effects in physiological conditions. In order to contribute to the

Extremely small amounts of fatty acids detected in latent fingerprints are important for studying fingerprint visualization and age determination through changes in composition over time. However, methods for efficiently extracting or recovering fatty acids from fingerprints have not been extensively studied. If accurate and stable quantitative estimations are established, age estimates will be possible

In order to quantitatively measure short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in microbial samples, sample preparation and analytical conditions using gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC-FID) were established. The extraction of SCFAs with ethyl ether-hexane (1:1, v/v) followed by the aminopropyl solid phase extraction (SPE) was carried out. An acid-modified poly(ethylene glycol) GC column was

With the application of the scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) detector, transmitted electron images similar to transmission electron microscopy (TEM) can be obtained from scanning electron microscopy (SEM), which is referred to STEM-in-SEM imaging. Compared to TEM-energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), SEM-EDS is expected to be more efficient and reliable for chemical analysis of TEM

Early detection and accurate diagnosis are essential for the effective prevention and treatment of tumors. Optical imaging methods can provide real-time and high-resolution in vivo images for tumor diagnostic applications. Pro-Leu-His-Ser-Thr(PO3H2) (PLHSpT) is an inhibitor of polo-like kinase 1, which is overexpressed in various tumors, and the transactivator of transcription (TAT) is a peptide known

A simple, rapid, and efficient ultrasound-assisted dispersive solid-phase microextraction (UA-DSPME) method was developed for the preconcentration of carbamazepine (CBZ) in wastewater prior to high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array (HPLC-DAD) determination. The carbon nanofibers coated with magnesium oxide-zinc oxide (MgO-ZnO@CNFs) nanocomposite was used as an efficient adsorbent

PAN nanofiber-Mat (n-fib@Mat), PAN/ZnO n-fib@Mat, and PAN/ZnO-TiO2 n-fib@Mat were prepared via electrospinning method. Their high adsorption capacities against dissolved Cr (VI) ions make them as super adsorbents for water treatment. The structure of n-fib@Mat was investigated using XRD, FTIR, SEM, and TEM techniques. The effects of selected parameters such as contact time, initial concentration, and

The selection of soil fraction is an important influencing factor to accurately determine human exposure risk to toxic chemicals in the environment. The present study evaluated the concentrations of prevalent polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in different size fractions of soil from a landfill site and the factors that influence their distribution in the soils. Samples were fractionated into size

In the present work, an electrochemical sensor for detection of paracetamol was fabricated by modifying a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) using multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) decorated with bismuth oxide (Bi2O3) based on using the drop dry technique. The prepared composite electrode was characterized by scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM–EDS), Fourier transform

Cephalosporins are β-lactam antibiotics which are considered the most widely used for humans and animals in many countries. Solid phase extraction was applied using Oasis HLB cartridges for tracing three cephalosporins (cefadroxil, cefprozil, and cefradine) in industrial wastewater samples. Sample extraction was followed by chromatographic analysis. The developed high-performance liquid chromatographic

Daclatasvir is a direct-acting antiviral agent against hepatitis C virus (HCV) used for the treatment of chronic HCV genotype infections of 1 and 3. Hepatitis C is an infectious liver disease caused by infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV). There are no reports found to be daclatasvir in ionic liquid-based extraction. A simple vortex assisted an environmental eco-friendly ionic liquid dispersive liquid–liquid

A series of N-substituted tetrabromphthalimide derivatives was synthesized by condensation reaction using tetrabromophthalic anhydride with 3,5-diamino-1,2,4-triazole/ 2,6-diaminopyridine/ 2,6-diamino-4-hydroxy pyrimidine/ o-tolidine. All the synthesized phthalimide derivatives were characterized by elemental analysis, infrared, and NMR spectroscopy. In vitro antibacterial evaluation was carried out

Balangu (Lallemantia royleana) belongs to Lamiaceae and is a medicine used in Iranian traditional and folklore medicine in the treatment of various nervous, hepatic, and renal diseases. In this study, the influence of molecular weight (MW) was measured on antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Balangu seed gum fractions. Firstly, Balangu seed gum was fractionated by precipitation method using