The JRC applied six measurement techniques to standardise the activity of an 241Am solution in the frame of the 2003 key comparison CCRI(II)-K2.Am-241. The methods used were alpha-particle counting at a defined small solid angle, high-efficiency particle and photon counting with a windowless 4π CsI(Tl) sandwich spectrometer, 4π alpha counting with a pressurised proportional counter, alpha-gamma coincidence

This study aims to formulate semi-empirical processing applied to analyze simulated and experimental scattering spectra on pipeline samples for estimating the intensity of the single scattering component for the Compton scattering technique. Firstly, a procedure has been developed based on probability density functions of each scattering component, which are obtained by GEANT4. Secondly, sixteen targets

Death receptor 5 (DR5) is overexpressed in many tumors. Combination of the anti-DR5 antibody with radionuclides such as lutetium-177 (177Lu) could enhance apoptosis and decrease the possibility of drug-induced resistance. In this study, a humanized anti-DR5 monoclonal antibody CTB006 was labeled with zirconium-89 (89Zr) and 177Lu to improve its efficiency for diagnosis and radiotherapy, respectively

The separation of zirconium and hafnium isotopes from the early actinides and rare earth elements (REE) with Eichrom’s Pb resin has been studied. Batch studies were performed to characterize the behavior of actinium, thorium, zirconium, hafnium, lutetium, and yttrium on Pb resin from HCl solutions (0.001 M to 11 M). The early actinides and REE had no affinity for the resin at any concentration of HCl

In 90Sr analysis, determining its daughter 90Y improves the sensitivity of the radiometric methods. We found that to imprint a cavity made of [Y(6-(4-Vinylphenylcarbamoyl)pyridine-2-carboxylate)3] into a polystyrene skeleton yields a solid phase extraction resin with high selectivity for Y and Ln(III) over transition metals, alkaline, and alkaline-earth cations. We used this resin in an automated chromatography

Uranium-containing wastewater poses a major threat to human health because of its toxicity and radioactivity. To address this issue, tea waste-derived porous biochar supporting the Fe–Mn bimetallic composite (FMBC) was fabricated using impregnation-pyrolysis and applied for U(VI) removal from aqueous solution. Batch experiments and characterization analysis were performed to investigate the adsorption

Based on the newly-developed techniques, the transfer behaviors of 90Sr and 137Cs under natural conditions were studied. The concentrations of 90Sr and 137Cs in soil, grass, vegetable and cow milk samples were determined. The obtained soil to grass transfer factor of 90Sr was 54 times as that of 137Cs. The grass to milk transfer coefficients showed that 137Cs is much easier into milk than 90Sr. The

In this study, A549 cells treated by radioactive 125I seed were sequenced using Illumina HiSeq PE150, and then the transcriptome was analyzed using bioinformatics methods. Gene ontology classification analysis showed that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) belonged to 10 categories, and low-dose group, medium-dose group and high-dose group 125I treatment obtained 440 DEGs, 4275 DEGs and 2850 DEGs

Using the waste basalt powder, ferric chloride (FeCl3·6H2O), ferrous sulfate (FeSO4·7H2O), 3-aminotrimethoxysilane (3-TMSPT) and Chitosan (CTS) as raw materials, through hydrothermal synthesis, in-situ synthesis, cross-linking and grafting methods, the amino-modified chitosan/magnetic zeolite composite (NH2-CTS/MZ) was prepared. The samples were characterized by SEM, XRD, VSM, BET, FTIR and XPS. The

Both 64Cu and 67Cu are promising radionuclides in nuclear medicine. Production yields of these radionuclides were quantified by irradiating 55.4 g of natural zinc with accelerator neutrons. Clinically suitable 64Cu and 67Cu yields were estimated by experimental based numerical simulations using 100 g of enriched 64Zn and 68Zn, respectively, and elevated neutron fluxes from 40 MeV, 2 mA deuterons. A

Determination of tritium along Danube River Banks, in shallow waters, from Baziaş to Sulina, led to an average value of 29 TU and to a slight increasing tendency. Upstream/downstream “signatures” of Kozloduy NPP and Cernavoda NPP, and lower values on the left bank than on right bank in Romania, between Ostrov and Tulcea were highlighted. For Black Sea Coast seashore waters, from Periboina to Vama Veche

A rapid analytical method for sequential separation and determination of the most significant α- and β-emitting radionuclidic impurities in 99Tc radiopharmaceutical raw material is presented. Successive HTiO co-precipitation steps were first conducted for effective removal of 99Tc to avoid its spectral interference on the determination of β-emitting nuclides by liquid scintillation counting. A sequential

Huge quantities of fly ash and bottom ash are generated from thermal power plants and it presents great concern for country, mainly due to the environmental effects. In this study, fly ashes and bottom ash were characterized from technical and radiological aspects. Health effect due to the activity of radionuclides 226Ra, 232Th and 40K was estimated via radium equivalent activity (Raeq), external hazards

Depth-dose profiles of electron radiation in continuous and discontinuous materials of water, plastic and food-like dummy irradiated by 10 MeV electron beam have been evaluated based on Monte Carlo simulations and measurements. In the discontinuous mediums, material layers were separated by air gaps. The discrepancy of the absorbed doses in the continuous and discontinuous materials is within 12%.

A series of nondestructive assay measurements were performed before, during, and after localized heating of an industrial standard 12B cylinder of uranium hexafluoride to replicate dose variations previously observed on commercial 30B cylinders. While cylinders represent a closed system, enrichment measurements may be impacted by altered uranium and daughter product distributions due to sublimation

This study was conducted to establish baseline radioactivity levels around the Jordan Research and Training Reactor (JRTR) pre-commissioning. Activity of artificial and natural radionuclides in plant leaves and cow’s milk samples was measured using gamma-ray spectroscopy. The annual effective internal dose for adults due to intake of milk and milk products was estimated to be 27.8–33.5 µSv which is

The present work investigates the source term of 222Rn and 220Rn for calculating their respective concentration in the dwellings. The study is carried out in the Nainital district, located in the Himalayan belt of Uttarakhand. To estimate the source term, 222Rn and 220Rn exhalation rates and natural radionuclides were measured from the collected soil samples from different locations. Natural radionuclides

Radionuclides from uranium and thorium series were analyzed to evaluate the radiological quality of the released wastewater from a uranium mine under decommissioning process. The results based on Pearson's R2 analysis showed that the activity concentration of radionuclides in soluble and particulate fractions were statistically independent. The wastewater poses no radiological impacts to surrounding

In the present study, a porous silica-based covalent organic framework incorporated composite was prepared using a solvothermal reaction and the following wet-impregnation method. Multiple characterization methods including Scanning electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction confirmed the surface morphology, thermal stability, and pore structure of the as-prepared

The adsorption characteristics of Eu(III) on colloidal bentonite particles were investigated by batch experiments as functions of colloid concentration, pH, foreign ions, and temperature. Bentonite colloids displayed remarkable adsorption ability to Eu(III), the Eu(III) adsorption was significantly affected by solution chemistry. The Eu(III) adsorption increased with colloids concentration and pH increasing

The management of radioactive carbon (C-14) from spent nuclear fuel (SNF) in a voloxidation process is vital to prevent radioactive contamination of the environment. Thus, a double alkali method was applied to absorb the gaseous phase of C-14 (CO2) and to immobilize radioactive carbon into a stable structure. Based on the two-film theory, mass transfer and enhancement factor were evaluated for CO2

The radioactivity measurement method using a calorimeter uses the 1st law of thermodynamics. Because of the characteristic of heat energy, the calorimeter is not affected by the geometry of the source. It is also expected that high-level radioactivity can be measured. However, because the measurement range of the calorimeter differs from other radiation detectors, studies are being conducted to secure

The adsorption performance and mechanism of the amino-modified zirconium-based metal organic framework (UiO-66-NH2) for the removal of U(VI) in aqueous solution were studied. Compared with UiO-66, UiO-66-NH2 shows better adsorption performance due to the introduction of amino groups. The adsorption characteristics of factors such as pH, UiO-66-NH2 dosage and contact time were investigated. The results

Radioanalytical methods for the determination of isotopes of Pu, Am and Cm in water samples from nuclear power plants were compared and further developed in a Nordic project (Optimethod) through two intercomparison exercises among Nordic laboratories. With this intercomparison, the analytical performance of some laboratories was improved by modification of the analytical method and adopting new techniques

Tritium and stable isotopes contents in precipitation were analyzed on a monthly base at Hongseung which was located middle west of Korea peninsular. The precipitation of this place was influenced by China continent and Yellow Sea marine air mass environment with seasonal variation. Precipitation was sampled from March 2018 to August 2020. The 3H concentration was high at spring and low at summer and

Cerium doped Lanthanum halide scintillators are useful in γ-ray spectroscopy due to their excellent energy resolution and high stopping power. The response of Compton electrons in 1″ × 1″ cylindrical LaCl3:Ce scintillator was recorded using a PIXIE-4 digital data acquisition system having no requirement of any external pulse-processing unit and coincidence unit, which makes the whole measurement setup

Series of grafting functionalization on silica microspheres were achieved to mono and bi-functionalized polymers for uranium recovery. Bi-functionalization sorbent is the most effective through improving the sorption capacity and other physico-chemical properties. Completed sorption time reached within 25 min for PAO-MAc/SiO2 at pH 4 with loading capacity 0.98 mmol U g−1, while the PFORE and Langmuir

In this study, the 2H and 18O isotopes of soil water and chemical composition of soil solution was analyzed for six typical soil profiles in the Badain Jaran Desert. Our results showed that the degree of the evaporation effect increased gradually from the southern to the northern of this desert. Local precipitation was the main recharge source for the soil water, deep soil water should be originated

Indoor radon activity concentrations were carried out using twin cup dosimeters with SSNTDs in four districts viz., Karimnagar, Peddapalli, Jagtial and Rajanna Sircilla of Telangana state, India. The part of study area falls under Karimnagar Granulite Terrain, the geological region recognized for the occurrence of high uranium content metasedimentary enclaves within granite. The radon concentrations

In this work, a new material containing chitosan(CS)-hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene (HP) composite was synthesized with polyphosphoric acid as the cross-linking agent for the effective removal of uranium(VI) from aqueous solution. The prepared material was characterized by FTIR, EDS, SEM, BET and XPS. According to batch experiments, its adsorption equilibrium (Qe = 398.8 mg g−1) was reached within 50 min

In the present work, we report the results of measurements of indoor 222Rn, 220Rn, and their progeny concentrations in Ghuttu region of Tehri Garhwal district in the Uttarakhand state of India for radiation protection purposes. The measured concentrations of 222Rn, 220Rn, and their progeny were used to estimate the inhalation doses received by the public. The measured values were found to depend upon

The present study is carried out in selected locations of the Champawat district in the lesser Kumaun Himalayan belt of Uttarakhand, India. The Scintillation detector-based portable Smart RnDuo monitor was used to estimate exhalation rates of 222Rn and 220Rn. The levels of gamma dose rates were also measured using a portable radiation survey meter at each of the selected locations. The mass exhalation

Natural radioactivity and chemical composition of different cement samples produced in South Korea were investigated using gamma-ray and X-ray fluorescence spectrometers. The absolute detector efficiency was determined using voluminous radioactive source and EFFTRAN program. Analytical methodologies for the determination of the chemical composition and specific activity of radionuclides were validated

High prevalence of uranium in groundwater may pose radio and chemical toxicity and causes severe health hazards which require efficient methods for its extraction. In the present study, crystalline WS2 nanosheets were synthesized, characterized and investigated systematically to obtain optimized adsorption parameters: pH (6.0), adsorbent dose (0.6 g/L) and time (30 min). The adsorption process was

The development of molecular imaging agents used for imaging of cancer tissue is of great importance for the early detection of cancer. Positron emission tomography (PET) radiopharmaceuticals consists of a positron-emitting radionuclide and a molecularstructure. 89Zr-labeled monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), peptides, nanoparticles, proteins, and other compounds are called 89Zr-Immuno-PET and are used

The natCu(p,x)65Zn and natCu(d,x)65Zn reactions used for beam monitoring have been considered to evaluate. All available experimental cross-section data for natCu(p, x)65Zn and natCu(d, x)65Zn reactions have been obtained and compared with the nuclear model calculations using ALICE-IPPE and TALYS-1.9. A comparison of the previously evaluated data for these reactions under the umbrella of the International

Here we present a newly developed two-step oxidative-reductive in-service chemical decontamination process suitable for high temperature and high pressure circuit (HTHPC) decontamination in a pressurized water reactor (PWR). Various process parameters on the corrosion depth and decontamination factor were investigated by employing different kinds of detergents. Under optimal conditions, the average

The activity concentrations of 222Rn with an AlphaGUARD system in well having different depths and in natural spring waters were measured to assess the natural radioactivity level of the Çorlu region. The measured concentrations varied from 22.04 to 63.92 Bq L−1 for 6 well water samples, 15.38–24.33 Bq L−1 for 6 spring water samples. The activity concentrations from 238U, 232Th and 40K in 11 soil samples

Cosmogenic radionuclide 10Be and 26Al targets (BeO and Al2O3) for AMS analysis are produced by a growing number of geochemical laboratories, employing different sample processing methods for the extraction of Be and Al from environmental materials. The reliability of this geochronological tool depends on data reproducibility independent from the preparation steps and the AMS measurements. Our results

The present study aims to assess natural radioactivity and its radiological hazards and dose parameters in granite waste samples. These wastes arise through uranium chemical leaching, then they were scrutinized by gamma ray spectrometry (HPGe detector) the concentration of U-238 samples ranged between (556 and 1479) Bq/kg, Th-232 ranged between (18 and 690) Bq/kg, Ra-226 samples ranged between (911and

The oxidation of iodide by trichloromethyl peroxide in a 2-propanol/water solution leading to the I3− production was applied to a gel dosimeter along with the addition of 5% hydroxy-propyl-methyl-cellulose (HPMC). The dose response was constant at the dose rate of 300 and 100 Gy/h and stable for more than 7 days. For the ion irradiation, the yield of I3− at the front of the Bragg peak region was 92–93%

To better understand the diffusion behaviors of Tc(IV)-L complexes in the water-rock system, the diffusion coefficients (Dw) of VO2+ [as a surrogate to 99Tc(IV)] and their complexes with ligands (Oxalate, NTA and EDTA) in water were studied by a capillary method. The density functional theory was employed to investigate the complexation between VO2+ and ligands. The Dw values of [VO(Ox)2]2−, [VO(NTA)]−

We designed a beta radiation detector to measure beta particles from Nickel-63. Since the beta radiation has energy below 66.7 keV, a PIN diode was used. Film dosimetry and a liquid scintillation counter were used to measure the absorbed dose rate and radioactivity of the source. These results were compared with the detector count. The measured count rate increased proportionally to the radioactivity

1:1 ZnO/Chitosan nanocomposite (nZnOCS nanocomposite) successfully prepared by sol–gel method and used as a sorbent for Cs(I) and Sr(II). The prepared samples characterized by different analytical techniques as FTIR, SEM, TEM, XRD, particle size analyzer, TGA/DTA, and pore size distribution. Optimization of pH of the medium, contact time, initial metal ion concentration and temperature for the sorption

Present study has been carried out for dose estimation from attached/unattached progeny fractions of radon and thoron using wiremesh capped DTPS/DRPS. The measured annual average attached radon/thoron progeny concentration (EERCA and EETCA) in the dwellings has been found to be 5.93 Bqm−3 and 0.43 Bqm−3 respectively. The calculated inhalation dose due to unattached fractions of radon progeny has been

The present work illustrates the feasibility of production and supply of ready-to-use gallium-68 (68Ga) radiopharmaceuticals, similar to [18F]FDG, through a centralized production facility. The supply logistic from centralized facility to various imaging centers situated within the radius of 50 km was investigated using germanium-68/gallium-68 generator system of fixed (1.85 GBq) capacity. However

The X-10 nuclear reactor was built at the Clinton Engineering Works in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA, as the world’s first Pu production reactor. Operation commenced in November 1943, producing Pu on the gram-scale for the first time. A 61.1 mg sample of 239Pu has been identified at Los Alamos National Laboratory containing multiple forensic signatures consistent with production from the X-10 reactor in

For the first time, using ICP-MS/MS, the 234U, 235U, 236U, and 238U in the sediment samples from coastal region, Bangladesh, were measured as 5.13–5.48, 0.234–0.252, (2.70–4.59) × 10–5, and 4.92–5.31 Bq kg−1, and the 236U/238U atom ratios were (2.87–4.57) × 10–8, indicating the predominate influence of global fallout on 236U. For the rock samples from hilly area, the corresponding concentrations were

The IRMM-1027 Large-sized dried (LSD) spikes are certified reference materials applied to measure the uranium and plutonium content of dissolved fuel solutions using isotope dilution mass spectrometry. High quality starting metals of uranium and plutonium are dissolved to produce a stock solution, which is dispensed into individual vials and dried down. The present spikes are mixtures of typically

Non-consolidated information base, repetitive work, and data unreliability are some of the issues that may hamper a radioactive waste characterization program. Therefore, an algorithmic software model for the characterization of radioactive waste is proposed to boost waste management in nuclear-based facilities. The data obtained have enabled the construction of a guide code in the pseudotechnical

A mobile radon calibration system was developed with a high-sensitivity radon detector, a movable calibration chamber, and a 226Ra solid source at the Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS). The high-sensitivity radon detector was based on electrostatic collection mechanism. The volume of the calibration chamber was (1003.8 ± 6.0) L. The mobile radon calibration system was calibrated

The paper presents the distribution of natural radionuclides in soils with various clay minerals of Davanagere district. The activity concentration of natural radionuclides in soil were measured using NaI(TI) gamma spectrometry and the minerals present in the soils were identified using Fourier–transform infrared spectroscopy. The normality of the frequency distribution curve of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K

Radiochronometry analyses of three hydrolyzed UF6 gas samples were performed using the 230Th-234U and 231Pa-235U chronometers. All 230Th-234U model ages are younger than, and two of the three 231Pa-235U model ages overlap with, the known UF6 gas transfer dates. The 230Th-234U discordance is caused by 8–10% 230Th loss relative to the measurement reference date, likely during alkali hydrolysis. These

Electrochemical behaviors of Ln(III) (Ln = Ce, Gd) in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ionic liquid were investigated by cyclic voltammetry and chronopotentiometry. The cyclic voltammograms revealed two electrochemical steps of Ln(III) to Ln(II) followed by Ln(II) to Ln metal. The diffusion coefficients for Ln(III) and Ln(II) were determined to be in order of ~ 10−8 cm/s in the temperature

The main aim of this study was to determine the bioaccumulation of 210Po in the hair of various cat breeds and an attempt to interpret whether the following factors, such as: breed, length of hair, gender, age, place of living or residence, weight, type of food consumed, taking medications, origin taking into account the structural division of Poland into voivodeships and physiological processes such

Uranium is a relatively active and chemically toxic natural radionuclide, its enrichment in the environment poses a serious threat to human health and ecosystems. It is necessary to dispose the uranium contaminated soil safely and efficiently. In this study, the effect of coal gangue-based geopolymers on the solidification of uranium-contaminated soil was examined using a single factor experiment.

An anion exchanger (‘Cell-AE’) was prepared by grafting acrylonitrile (AN) onto carbon cloth waste followed by subsequent modification with hydrazine hydrate and dimethyl sulfate. The effect of radiation dose and monomer concentration was investigated. The nitrate (\({\text{NO}}_{3}^{ - }\)) and phosphate (\({\text{PO}}_{{{4}}}^{{{{3}} - }}\)) sorption potentials of the ‘Cell-AE’ was evaluated via

The gamma irradiated aqueous samples containing I2 and I− were measured by two different analysis methods using an UV–VIS spectrophotometer. One is the I2 concentration was determined by using the equilibrium relationship between I3− and I−. The other is I2 concentration was measured after extracted by toluene. In the I2 and total I measurements, both methods were confirmed to have an accuracy within