Current approaches for diagnosis of hearing or vestibular disorders are mostly based on physical examinations that cannot provide information about the exact location of cellular damage inside the inner ear. Therefore, there is a need for new diagnostic methods capable of identifying the sites of damage through the detection of inner ear blood-circulating biomarkers. Here, we developed the first biosensor

This work prepared a Cerium metal organic framework (Ce-MOF), which exhibits colorimetric and fluorescent response for H2O2 simultaneously. The Ce-MOF was integrated in the origami paper SlipChip to directly analyze glucose and uric acid level in serum without sample handling or extra analytical equipment except for a smartphone. Its excellent stability in wide pH and temperature, which ranges from

Metal ions are known to play various roles in living organisms; therefore, the detection of metal ions in water resources is essential for monitoring health and environmental conditions. In contrast to artificially fabricated materials and devices, biological-friendly materials such as microalgae have been explored for detecting toxic chemicals by employing fluorescence emissions and biophotovoltaic

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a worldwide hematological disorder causing painful episodes, anemia, organ damage, stroke, and even deaths. It is more common in sub-Saharan Africa and other resource-limited countries. Conventional laboratory-based diagnostic methods for SCD are time-consuming, complex, and cannot be performed at point-of-care (POC) and home settings. Optical microscope-based classification

COVID-19 is the shocking viral pandemics of this year which affected the health, economy, communications, and all aspects of social activities all over the world. Early diagnosis of this viral disease is very important since it can prevent lots of mortalities and care consumption. The functional similarities between COVID-19 and COVID-2 in inducing acute respiratory syndrome lightened our mind to find

Cathodic photoelectrochemical (PEC) bioassay is more resistant to reductive interferents, and development of high-performance photocathode is imperatively required in precise monitoring target in complex matrices. In this work, a plasmonic Au activated amorphous MoSx photocathode (a-MoSx/Au) was fabricated by sequential electrodeposition. Coupled with a sensitization amplification strategy induced

Methods that enable rapid, sensitive and specific analyses of nucleic acid sequences have positive effects on precise disease diagnostics and effective clinical treatments by providing direct insight into clinically relevant genetic information. Thus far, many CRISPR/Cas systems have been repurposed for diagnostic functions and are revolutionizing the accessibility of robust diagnostic tools due to

The detection principle of nanopore sensors relies on measuring changes in electrical signal as analyte molecules translocate through a nanoscale pore. There are two challenges with this experimental construct when using nanopores for quantitative sensing with low detection limits in complex samples. The first is getting the analyte to the nanopore in a reasonable time frame and the second is other

Bisphenol A (BPA), one of the most important endocrine disrupting chemicals, is a threat to human and wildlife health. Electrochemical enzyme biosensor has been regarded as ideal alternative analytical technique for ultrasensitive and rapid detection of BPA, while the unstable and easily deactivated nature of enzyme limits its development. In order to improve the stability of enzyme, tyrosinase was

Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) is a powerful (bio)analytical method based on an optical readout. It is successfully applied in the heterogeneous format for immunoassays and imaging using the model and most widely used ECL system, which consists of the immobilized [Ru(bpy)3]2+ label with tripropylamine (TPA) as a coreactant. However, a major drawback is the significant decrease of the ECL intensity

Purification of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies usually involves a protein A affinity capture step. Because column breakthrough of antibody in complex, UV-absorbing culture fluid cannot be readily detected in real time, processes are designed so conservatively that column capacity is usually underutilized, wasting adsorbent and reducing productivity. We have developed a fluorescence-based monitoring

In this review, the use of MESe are evaluated in the monitoring of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) during the anaerobic digestion of high strength wastewater, with a focus on slaughterhouse wastewater. VFAs are identified as a key intermediary in anaerobic digestion, hence their accumulation could be used to infer possible process instability of anaerobic digesters. Current sample measurement for VFAs

The single-step modification of the nanostructured polyaniline (PANI)/glucose oxidase (GOD) enzyme on double-sided, screen-printed, flexible electrodes doped with Prussian blue (PB), has been achieved and successfully applied in continuous glucose monitoring in vivo, and its biocompatibility has been evaluated systematically. The proposed fabrication procedure is simple, low cost, and suitable for

In the present work, direct electron transfer (DET) based biosensing system for the determination of glucose has been fabricated by utilizing gold binding peptide (GBP) fused flavin adenine dinucleotide-dependent glucose dehydrogenase (FAD-GDH) from Burkholderia cepacia. The GBP fused FAD-GDH was immobilized on the working electrode surface of screen-printed electrode (SPE) which consists of gold working

Artificial intelligence (AI) and wearable sensors are two essential fields to realize the goal of tailoring the best precision medicine treatment for individual patients. Integration of these two fields enables better acquisition of patient data and improved design of wearable sensors for monitoring the wearers' health, fitness and their surroundings. Currently, as the Internet of Things (IoT), big

Natural photosynthetic proteins can convert solar energy into electrical energy with close to 100% quantum efficiency, and there is increasing interest in their use for sustainable photoelectrochemical devices. The primary processes of photosynthesis remain operational and efficient down to extremely low temperatures, and natural photosystems exhibit a variety of self-healing mechanisms. Herein we

Safety and quality of water are significant matters for agriculture, animals and human health. Microcystins, as secondary metabolite of cyanobacteria (blue–green algae) and cyclic heptapeptide cyanotoxin, are one of the main marine toxins in continental aquatic ecosystems. More than 100 microcystins have been identified, of which MC-LR is the most important type due to its high toxicity and common

Profiling DNA mutation patterns for cancer classification plays an essential role in precision and personalized medicine. Conventional PCR-based mutation assay is limited by the extensive labour on target amplification. We herein create an amplification-free surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) biochip which enables direct and simultaneous identification of multiple point mutations in tumor cells

In this study, coenzyme A (CoA)-based coordination polymers (CPs) have been generated in situ by exploiting the reaction of thiols with metal ion (Au(III) or Ag(I)), which are dependent on both thiol-metal and aurophilic metal∙metal interaction. It is interesting to note that CPs-related biosensing capabilities toward some biomolecules including ascorbic acid (AA), cysteine (Cys) and glutathione (GSH)

Developing new self-powered sensors is highly demanded for smart portable electronic devices. Herein, a novel visible-light-driven self-powdered aptasensor with a metal-ligand charge transfer (MLCT)-induced signal-off strategy was established for microcystin-LR (MC-LR) sensing. The aptasensor was based on a self-breathing-like dual photoelectrode photocatalytic fuel cell (PFC) that was assembled with

Quenchbody (Q-body) is a fluorescent biosensor in which a fluorescent dye is tagged near the antigen binding site of an antibody. The fluorescence of the dye is quenched by the tryptophan residues present in the variable region of the antibody, and is recovered when the antigen binds. Q-bodies have been prepared using recombinant DNA technology by introducing one or more tag sequence(s) at either the

Field-effect transistor (FET) biosensors based on low-dimensional materials are capable of highly sensitive and specific label-free detection of various analytes. In this work, a FET biosensor based on graphene decorated with gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) was fabricated for lactose detection in a liquid-gate measurement configuration. This graphene device is functionalized with a carbohydrate recognition

To date, 55% of inhabitants of the developing world still live in rural regions and they have a very urgent need to improve the level of disease diagnosis, especially in resource-limited settings. Herein, we present a microfluidic system that centrifuges whole blood and quantifies contained biomarkers in a rapid, feasible and integrated way. Such a device provides a blood-in/answer-out capability and

Herein, an ultra-sensitive photoelectrochemical biosensor based on Ti3C2:CdS nanocomposite was established for the selective detection of microRNA159c. Ti3C2:CdS nanocomposites were used as optoelectronic materials because Ti3C2:CdS interaction effectively separates photogenerated electrons and holes, and significantly improves the high photoelectric conversion efficiency. Firstly, Ti3C2:CdS nanocomposite

In horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-based electrochemical immunosensing, an appropriate HRP substrate needs to be chosen to obtain a high electrochemical signal-to-background ratio. This is limited by the unwanted electrochemical reduction of H2O2, oxidation of the substrate, and the slow electrochemical reduction of the product. Herein, we report acetaminophen (AMP) as a new HRP substrate that allows

Proteases are a large family of enzymes involved in many important biological processes. Quantitative detection of the activity profile of specific target proteases is in high demand for the diagnosis and monitoring of diseases such as cancers. This study demonstrates the fabrication and characterization of an individually addressable 3 × 3 Au microelectrode array for rapid, multiplex detection of

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an increasingly prevalent pathogen that has become a serious health concern due to an increasing incidence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) hospital-acquired infections. The emergence of MDR-P. aeruginosa coupled with shrinking antibiotic pipelines has increased the demand for new antimicrobials and therapeutics. An effective tool for drug screening both in vitro and in vivo can

In the overall scenario of precision medicine, we propose a novel paper-based lab-on-a-chip to deliver a cost-effective and easy to use sensing tool for customized administration of drugs in Alzheimer’s disease. Among several drugs, we designed the device for evaluating the efficacy of compounds (e.g. physostigmine, rivastigmine, donepezil) which are able to inhibit in a reversible way the cholinesterase

Diabetes is a pathological condition that requires the continuous monitoring of glucose level in the blood. Its control has been tremendously improved by the application of point-of-care devices. Conventional enzyme-based sensors with electrochemical and optical transduction systems can successfully measure the glucose concentration in human blood, but they suffer from the low stability of the enzyme

This work presents an overview of terahertz (THz) spectroscopy with a focus on its implementation within microfluidic platforms. Such platforms are of great interest because they can enable label-free and reagent-free sensing. However, they must be implemented with thought towards the incorporated materials and structures as they can greatly impact the bandwidth, frequency resolution, signal-to-noise

In this study, we investigated the biophysical interaction between cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) and CD80. CTLA-4 is a key molecule in immunosuppression, and CD80 is a costimulatory receptor promoting T cell activation. We observed that after cell-cell contact was established between breast cancer cells and antigen presenting cells (APCs), CTLA-4 expressed on the breast cancer

Operant conditioning of Hoffmann's reflex (H-reflex) is a non-invasive and targeted therapeutic intervention for patients with movement disorders following spinal cord injury. The reflex-conditioning protocol uses electromyography (EMG) to measure reflexes from specific muscles elicited using transcutaneous electrical stimulation. Despite recent advances in wearable electronics, existing EMG systems

Herein we describe an “OFF-ON” Janus micromotor approach for the fast (5 min) and sensitive determination (limit of detection, 120 pM) of Escherichia coli O111:B4 lipopolysaccharide (LPS) associated with sepsis shock in microliter samples. The OFF-ON strategy relies on the loading of a specifically designed rhodamine-labeled affinity peptide into WS2–Pt–Fe2O3 polycaprolactone Janus micromotors. Specific

The recent outbreak of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has left the world clueless. As the WHO declares this new contagion as a pandemic on the 11th of March 2020, the alarming rate of the spawn of the disease in such a short period has disarranged the globe. Standing against this situation researchers are strenuously searching for the key traits responsible for this pandemic. As knowledge regarding

Herein, size-controllable molybdenum carbide nanoparticles (Mo2C NPs) encapsulated by N, P-codoped carbon shells which simultaneously wrapping on the surface of carbon nanotube (Mo2[email protected]/CNT) is synthesized through a molecular-scale cage-confinement pyrolysis route. Such confinement achieves a good coating and protection of Mo2C and the effective control over the size of Mo2C NPs ranging

Microfluidic chips integrated with negative dielectrophoresis (nDEP) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy have wide applications in cell sensing. Accurate analysis of the kinematics and dynamics of cells in the nDEP process is crucial to improve the positioning accuracy and electric cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS) performance. This paper reports employing the three-dimensional (3D) finite

RNA detection permits early diagnosis of several infectious diseases and cancers, which prevent propagation of diseases and improve treatment efficacy. However, standard technique for RNA detection such as reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction has complicated procedure and requires well-trained personnel and specialized lab equipment. These shortcomings limit the application

Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) identification is one of the most meaningful approaches towards early cancer diagnosis. However, effective and practical methods for analyzing this emerging class of biomarkers are still lacking. In this work, a biosensor based on nitrophenyl functionalized black phosphorus nanosheets (NP-BPs) is fabricated for sensitive and selective detection of ctDNA. In this work,

Stereochemical configuration of the drug is responsible for racemic switch with enantiomers in presence of chiral environment for human beings. Therefore, its determination in racemic and pharmaceutical samples becomes a challenge. Addressing this issue, an enantioselective electrochemical biomimetic sensor for discrimination of isomers of ethambutol (ETB) employing square wave voltammetry (SWV) is

Parkinson Disease (PD) is the second-most common neurodegenerative disorder in the population. Recent researches indicated that hsa-microRNA 5010-3p (miR-5010) and hsa-microRNA 331-5p (miR-331) were significantly important for the detection of PD. So, in this work, a kind of high fluorescence quenching probe-based reverse fluorescence enhancement lateral flow test strip (rLFTS) was constructed to realize

The increasing level of pesticides and herbicides in food and water sources is a growing threat to human health and the environment. The development of portable, sensitive, specific, simple, and cost-effective sensors is hence in high demand to avoid exposure or consumption of these chemicals through efficient monitoring of their levels in food as well as water samples. The use of nanomaterials (NMs)

Biosensing platforms for detecting and quantifying biomarkers have played an important role in the past decade. Among them, platforms based on magnetoresistance (MR) sensing technology are attractive. The resistance value of the material changes with the externally applied magnetic field is the core mechanism of MR sensing technology. A typical MR-based sensor has the characteristics of cost-effective

To realize direct power generation from biofuels in natural organisms, we demonstrate a needle-type biofuel cell (BFC) using enzyme/mediator/carbon nanotube (CNT) composite fibers with the structure Osmium-based polymer/CNT/glucose oxidase/Os-based polymer/CNT. The composite fibers performed a high current density (10 mA/cm2) in 5 mM artificial blood glucose. Owing to their hydrophilicity, they also

Primary cell wall (PCW) is a rigid yet flexible cell wall surrounding plant cells and it plays key roles in plant growth, cell differentiation, intercellular communication, water movement and defence. As a technique widely used to study the characteristics of mammalian cells, electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is rarely used in plant science. In this work, we designed and fabricated an EIS based

This paper reports a quantitative and sensitive one-step point-of-care testing (POCT) chip built on a perfluorinated substrate patterned with polydopamine microspots array. The capture antibody was covalently immobilized on the polydopamine microspots, while the fluorescently labelled detection antibody was physically adsorbed on the perfluorinated surface. The POCT chip allowed one-step sandwich immunoassay

Infectious diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria, especially antibiotic-resistant bacteria, are one of the biggest threats to global health. To date, bacterial contamination is detected using conventional culturing techniques, which are highly dependent on expert users, limited by the processing time and on-site availability. Hence, real-time and continuous monitoring of pathogen levels is required

Zero-dimensional black phosphorus quantum dots (BPQDs) have unique structural characteristics and excellent properties for promising applications over other BP structures. With the decrease of BP stacked layers, BP becomes much unstable and is easy to be oxidized and degraded in air and water. To prevent BP oxidation and degradation is crucial during the preparation process of highly stable BPQDs with

Cloth (or fabric) is an omnipresent material that has various applications in everyday life, and has become one of the things people are most familiar with. It has some attractive properties such as low cost, ability to transport fluid by capillary force, high tensile strength and durability, good wet strength, and great biocompatibility and biodegradability. Hence, cloth is an ideal material for the