Abstract Our current knowledge about the structure and origin of the Universe, our understanding of how the physical world around us works–all this knowledge is negligibly small, and all further efforts by scientists can only uncover a tiny piece of this mystery. In this article, the authors suggest their own interpretation of the message of God the Creator about the creation of our world in six days

Abstract A novel functionalized solid-phase microextraction (SPME) fiber coating was prepared by simple and rapid self-assembling technique between the fiber surface gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and 11-mercapto-1-undecanol (HO-C11-SH) using an etched stainless steel wire (ESSW) as a supporting substrate. The ESSW offers a rough surface structure and very large contact surface for subsequent electrochemical

Abstract Membrane fouling behaviors were investigated to different biogas sparging flows such as 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 L biogas/min for anaerobic submerged membrane bioreactor (AnSMBR) treating synthetic wastewater in a laboratory-scale. For each different biogas flow rate, the membrane module of the same feature was used in the system and the effect of biogas sparging flow on fouling control was examined

Abstract A composite particle electrode Sn/Sb-Mn-GAC was prepared by impregnation with granular activated carbon (GAC) as carrier. The surface morphology, phase composition and electrochemical properties of the particle electrode were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and electrochemical workstation. The results show that the Sn/Sb-Mn-GAC particles have uniform grain

Abstract The construction of artificial weirs as part of the Four Major Rivers Restoration Project is expected to result in the Nakdong River Basin having the characteristics of closed water bodies and properties of water quality that convert suspended components into soluble ones due to a long retention time, thereby leading to the continuous deterioration of water quality. In this regard, this study

Abstract Tannic acid (TA) is a polyphenolic compound which is categorized in dissolved organic matter (DOM) classification. This matter has toxicity for aquatic organism, such as fish, phytoplankton, algae and invertebrates. TA is an anionic organic matter and its molecular weight is 1700 g/mol. This compound contributes to the production of disinfection by products (DBPs) during chlorination process

Abstract To assure the prevention of microbial contamination and the provision of safe potable water to consumers, efficient disinfection is the final barrier. Chlorine, once a widely applied disinfectant, has essentially been re-considered by many water treatment practitioners. Since the research unveiled chlorine-associated health repercussions, the investigation shifted to more viable disinfection

Abstract Removal of fluorides from water is essential for humans and animals because it causes dental and bone deficiency. The maximum permissible limit of fluoride is 1.5 mg/L, according to the World Health Organization. Recently it became known that countries like Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka, China, Argentina, etc. have high fluoride concentration in groundwater. In the present work, calcium peroxide

Abstract Increasing rate of water pollution and consequently waterborne diseases are the engrossing evidence towards danger to living organisms. It becomes a great challenge these days to preserve our flora and fauna by controlling various unexpected pollution activities. Although the invention of many schemes and programmes regarding water purification has done a tremendous job, but still there is

Abstract Monitoring and assessment of surface drinking water resources is vital for human life. As it is known, many diseases are caused by contaminated waters. Surface water resources quality was classified in terms of treatment potential by using 41 conventional parameters in Turkey. It is not insufficient to take these conventional parameters into account alone due to the fact that there exist new

Abstract The efficiency of the sorption of Eu(III) by various forms of Mg,Al- and Zn,Al-layered double hydroxides (LDH) from model and natural waters at various pH was estimated for concentrating this metal ions and its subsequent spectrophotometric determination. It was found that the almost complete extraction of Eu(III) is reached on the carbonate form of Mg,Al-LDH by a deposition mechanism because

Abstract It was shown that magnetic treatment is more efficient for bicarbonate water containing free carbon dioxide at subequilibrium concentration. After removing the excess of carbon dioxide by purging with an inert gas or by long boiling, a CaCO3 precipitate forms, which mainly consists of acicular aragonite. This is likely to be due to the fact that the water degassing disturbs the spatial structure

Abstract In the processes of water purification from organic matter, the biomass of biological activated carbon (BAC) can be used independently (separately from the carrier). In the present work, the enriched culture of microorganisms of biofilm biomass capable of effectively removing xenobiotics from more concentrated water solutions (45 mg/dm3) was obtained using the biofilm washed from the BAC laboratory

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Abstract A method of assessing the quality of seawater using the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis Müller is described. Relevance of developing a new bioassay of marine aquatic environment is emphasized, and the choice of the saltwater rotifer B. plicatilis as a test organism is justified considering its biological characteristics, specific structural features, reproduction, and development. A detailed

Abstract Processes of advanced treatment of domestic wastewater in fiber-packed bioreactors were studied. It was shown that, at the first stage of the operation of the bioreactors, such processes as adhesion, sorption, diffusion, decomposition, oxidation, etc. occur; and at the second stage, the biomass dies, and, together with mineral particles, is detached from the surface of Nylon 6 threads of the

Abstract Today, the treatment of dye wastewater discharged by various industries, such as textiles, has attracted the attention of many researchers due to the non-biodegradability nature of dye contaminants. Methylene blue is one of numerous dyes existing in this wastewater that causes a variety of human health problems. Because of the low efficiency of biological treatment processes in the removal

Abstract Removal of 90Sr from aqueous media by sorbents prepared from bentonite from the Oglanlynski field and by their composites with magnetite is studied. It is shown that the sorbents can be used for purification of large volumes of radioactively contaminated waters. Here, we study bentonite rock material (a natural mineral), montmorillonite in Na-form derived from it, clinoptilolite and cristobalite

Abstract Fluorine is a natural component of many sources of drinking water. An excess of fluorine in drinking water leads to metabolic disturbances in bone tissues. In this context, the International Drinking Water Quality Standards recommend adhering to a fluoride content of drinking water of no more than 1.5 mg/dm3. If this value is exceeded, water requires defluoridation. In this work, defluoridation

Abstract A biofilm of microorganisms that are characterized by high tolerance and destructive efficiency with respect to the actual level of the initial concentrations of the target substance is formed when filtering xenobiotic-contaminated water through biologically active carbon (BAC). The technological possibilities of prolongation of the effective water processing on BAC are extended using biological

Abstract Few researches focused on the combination of ultrasound and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) in wastewater treatment. In this study, it was found that the combination of ultrasound and MWCNT was more effective in the removal of Acid orange 74 (AO 74) in comparison to single method. And there was a remarkable synergistic effect in the ultrasound/MWCNT combined system. The adsorption behaviour

Abstract Aromatic hydrocarbons like phenol and 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) are known as highly toxic, carcinogenic, hazardous, and therefore wastewaters containing these pollutants have to be treated. Microorganisms with bioremediation ability can be used very effectively in the treatment of wastewaters polluted with these recalcitrant chemicals. This work is focused on considering the capability of mixed

Abstract We develop an assay for the total content of xenobiotics from the polyaromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) and organochlorine pesticide (OCP) groups in samples of surface water containing suspended matter. It is found that the suspended matter isolated from water by filtration during sample preparation according to standard method ISO 5667:2006 may contain PAH and OCP xenobiotics. The xenobiotics containing

Abstract Mixing of xenobiotic substances with the household waste decreases the biodegradability of leachate generated from municipal landfill sites. In various parts of the world, where solar energy is pervasive, solar photo Fenton-based pre-treatment of municipal landfill leachate can be considered as a potential pre-treatment method to improve its biodegradability. Therefore, this paper reports

Abstract Phenols are one of the most common toxic environmental pollutants in the world. The aim of this study is to explore the genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of phenols by using the Vicia faba bioassay. Moreover, the removal effects and the potential toxicological significance of phenols in semi-coking wastewater under combined treatment process were evaluated. The semi-coking wastewater treatment

Abstract In present study, a salen-porphyrin complex ZnPSC6 was utilized for improving destruction and detoxification of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) as it is a binuclear biomimetic complex and has two active sites within one complex as well as high catalytic selectivity and efficiency owing to the combined property of salen complex, porphyrin complex, and biocatalyst. The objectives of the study were

Abstract In this work, the photocatalytic removal of diclofenac (DCF) was investigated using TiO2-P25 nanoparticles immobilized on glass beads in a packed bed photoreactor. DCF is one of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs used as an analgesic drug. DCF is monitored in urban sewage and surface waters as a stable contaminant that can harm the environment. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are

AbstractThe removal of metallic trace elements from our environment especially in wastewater is now shifting from the use of conventional adsorbents to the use of biosorbents materials which have a big potential application in environmental control and metal recovery operations. It can be considered as an alternative green technology which has been proved as more efficient and economical for metallic

AbstractIt is shown that tubular microfiltration membranes made of natural materials (ceramics based on clay minerals and lignocellulose derived from wood) that have been developed at Dumansky Institute of Colloid Chemistry and Water Chemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine are highly efficient in water purification from zinc hydroxocompounds. The effect of filtration duration, permeate

AbstractIn this study, artificial neural network was used to predict pentachlorophenol (PCP) degradation in aqueous solution by catalytic ozonation process in a laboratory-scale semi-batch reactor. The catalyst used in this process was the alumina (γ-Al2O3). Results indicated that after 60 min optimal condition: 0.5 g/L of (γ-Al2O3), 0.5 L/min the flow rate of ozone, pH 8 and 100 mg/L PCP initial concentration

AbstractThe study of the effect of typical macrocomponents of natural and wastewater on the process of nanofiltration dephosphatation showed that nanofiltration purification of phosphate-containing water is carried out under the combined action of capillary-filtration and diffusion mechanisms of membrane permeability, as well as electrostatic interaction of ions with a charged membrane surface, which

AbstractThe possibility of applying the resonance principle of matter synthesis to complex multicomponent systems, namely, aqueous solutions and electrolyte melts, has been demonstrated for the first time. The interaction of \({\text{WO}}_{4}^{{2 - }}\), \({\text{MoO}}_{4}^{{2 - }}\), \({\text{NbF}}_{7}^{{2 - }}\), \({\text{TaF}}_{7}^{{2 - }}\), and \({\text{TiF}}_{6}^{{2 - }}\) anions with alkali

AbstractA novel magnetic adsorbent Fe3O4/Ni/NixB nanocomposite was synthesised and used for the removal of Pb(II) from water. The nanocomposite effectively absorbs Pb(II), and because the adsorbent is magnetic, it is easily separated from the solution. In addition, carob and grape seeds, which are sustainable materials, are also used for the removal of Pb(II) for the first time in the literature. Characterisation

AbstractThe anaerobic ammonium oxidation process for treating industrial wastewater is widely preferred since Anammox bacteria has been discovered, due to energy savings and cost reduction comparing to classical biological methods. However high concentration of heavy metals contained in such type of wastewater is well known inhibitor for biological processes and may limit the bacteria activity, as

AbstractBiopolymer B6 produced by Bacillus sp. B6 was investigated regarding its decolorization of the azo dye Congo Red. Chemical analysis showed that biopolymer B6 with a weight-average molecular mass (Mw) of 11 kDa, was mainly composed of 60.6% polysaccharide and 11.8% protein. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic analysis revealed the presence of carboxyl, hydroxyl and amino groups.

AbstractThree types of composite photocatalysts synthesized by the sol-gel method and doped with sulfur and nitrogen were considered. The factors influencing the structure formation and properties of active sites on the catalysts based on hybrid nickel-titanium oxide systems promoted by sulfur and nitrogen in the production of hydrogen from water were studied. The conditions of preparation were established

AbstractThe effect produced by the treatment of wasted activated carbons with chlorine dioxide on the restoration of the adsorption capacity of sorbents resided for a long time in the adsorbers incorporated into the tap water post-treatment system of a beverage production plant was investigated. The studies were performed by treating the carbon samples with chlorine dioxide solutions of different concentration

AbstractA highly efficient, economical, and waste-free technology for the purification of natural waters for thermal power plants has been developed. The preliminary purification of water involved microfiltration on tubular ceramic membranes made of clay minerals according to a technology developed at the Dumansky Institute of Colloid Chemistry and Water Chemistry, NAS of Ukraine; the degree of retention

AbstractThe use of sorbing additives in removal of U(VI) species from waters by ultrafiltration (UF) has been investigated in long-term studies. Montmorillonite from the Cherkassy field, a natural clay mineral, and Zn–Al–EDTA, a functionalized synthetic layered double hydroxide intercalated with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), are used as sorbents. The retention coefficient of U(VI) by a UPM-20

AbstractWe studied the adsorption extraction of Eu(III) from aqueous media by Zn,Al- and Mg,Al-layered double hydroxides (LDHs), intercalated by citrate ions, and their composites with magnetic properties. Cations typical of natural waters (Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+) do not affect the efficiency of water purification from Eu(III), and humic acids even increase it when using composite materials. The following

AbstractThe formation of space began with the formation of the first star, and then the formation of our Solar System ensued. This is how the evolution of stars and planets, in which chemical elements are synthesized, is described. The dimensions of the system are determined by the relationship of atomic matter with physical vacuum and gravitational forces of attraction. Both micro- and macrosystems

AbstractCadmium is one of the toxic heavy metal that is discharged into the surroundings by various routes such as sedimentary rocks, weathering and erosion of rock, earth’s crust, marine phosphate and phosphorites, forest fires etc. However battery manufacturing industry, plated containers, mining, auto exhaust, smelting of nonferrous metals, cigarettes ore dressing, and galvanized pipes are the main

AbstractTheoretical studies of processes of oily wastewater treatment for removing various impurities determined the main mechanism of the formation of coagulation structures and aggregates with their subsequent settling and phase separation, which disturb the aggregation and kinetic stability of the medium. It was found that a more advanced coagulation leads to the destruction of interlayers of the

AbstractRiver Beas originates in the Himalayas in Central Himachal Pradesh, and merges with river Sutlej at Harike in the state of Punjab and this river is a habitat of the endangered freshwater dolphin, Platanista gangetica minor R. The pollution of water bodies is a significant environmental jeopardy as the river is the prime source of water for the consumption by human beings and aquatic species

AbstractActivated carbons are prepared by conventional two-stage carbonization–activation processing and complex processing of spent coffee grounds. The latter method includes preliminary solvent extraction of organic compounds. The samples prepared by conventional and complex processing methods have a high BET (Brunauer–Emmett–Teller) surface area (SBET = 864 and 1089 m2/g, respectively), specific

AbstractSludge treatment in wastewater treatment plants is one of the most difficult challenges for professionals and officials. Disinfection has become a challenging aspect of treatment because of the rapid elevation of health standards and the growing concern for pollution-free water resources. Chemical disinfection methods, like chlorination and ozonation, are often not environmental friendly (because

AbstractThe removal of a set of contaminations consisting of hardness salts, iron, humic substances, and microorganisms by using a unit combining electrochemical treatment and filtration is investigated. Constructively, the electrochemical unit is based on the flask of a standard domestic water filter equipped with a filtering cartridge, in the form of hollow cylinder, filled with sintered activated

AbstractA high efficiency of the process of water purification from Mn(II) compounds formed at pH 8.3–8.4 on a Mn(II) modified microfiltration tubular ceramic membrane of clay materials, which was developed in the Dumansky Institute of Colloid Chemistry and Water Chemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, was shown. The conditions for the dynamic modification of the ceramic membrane

AbstractDisposal of red mud from aluminum production is a worldwide problem and is of great importance in protecting the environment. In previous studies, the authors determined the possibility of obtaining a composite coagulant for the treatment of natural water and wastewaters. The effectiveness of purification of colored Dnieper water by such a reagent due to the presence of iron and aluminum compounds

AbstractThe existing methods for dewatering sewage sludge containing finely dispersed clay minerals can be applied with an initial moisture content of <75%. In the case of higher moisture content, it is necessary to treat preliminary such dispersions to provide their destabilization, sedimentation, and consolidation, that is, to obtain more concentrated precipitate, followed by the separation of the

AbstractA model of the origin and structure of the Universe is presented. It is shown that the laws of nature are identical and evident both in the microscopic world and the macrocosm. Already Pythagoras paid special attention to the unit as a sacred number in the language of mathematics, and D.I. Mendeleev assigned special importance to hydrogen, the first element of the periodic table, from which

AbstractIn this work, we have developed a near-infrared emissive polyethyleneimine capped Ag2(PEI-Ag2S QD) quantum dots based chemosensor for sensing trace-level Hg2+ in water by taking advantage of the metal-induced aggregation strategy. The fluorescence determination of Hg2+ by PEI-Ag2S QD at different pH (pH 4, 7, and 10) were performed, respectively. Under the optimum conditions, the selectivity

AbstractPolyethyleneimine (PEI)-polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-cellulose membrane (PEI-PAN cellulose membrane) was developed by immobilizing PEI onto PAN coated cellulose support via electrostatic force to be used for determination of Cu(II) by colorimetric method. The membrane was prepared in two-step process, in which 4% PAN solution was prepared and coated onto the membrane via filtration method, followed

AbstractTetracycline (TC) is one of the most commonly applied antibiotic and due to the risk posed by antibiotic-resistant pathogens, the need for treating these wastewater is beyond question. Photocatalytic degradation of TC in aqueous solution was studied using TiO2 based on natural zeolite (clinoptilolite, CP) under UV irradiation in a batch reactor. For the first time, in order to propose an accurate

AbstractA new and sensitive preconcentration procedure was developed for the determination of trace amount of Mn(II) in environmental water samples. Amberlite XAD-4 resin was functionalized with N,N-bis(salicylidene)cyclohexanediamine (SCHD) to preconcentrate and separate Mn(II) at the trace level concentrations. Mn(II) ion in environmental water samples was determined by the formaldoxime spectrophotometric

The purification of wastewater through the use of the plants (phytoepuration) was used in different areas and under various climates; it was tested successfully for organic pollution, for the elimination of phosphorus pollution, nitrogen pollution, metals, and for the destruction of the pathogenic germs. This study reports the monitoring of purifying performances of three plants, which show a good

The high efficiency of the process of water purification from Fe(III) hydroxo-compounds by microfiltration tubular ceramic membrane based on clay minerals has been shown. This water purification process was developed by Dumanskii Institute of Colloid and Water Chemistry (ICWC), National Academy of Science of Ukraine. The effect of the initial solution concentration, its pH, working pressure, the process

Principles of the world origin and structure in relation to the Mendeleev’s periodic law are presented in this paper. Our Universe consisting of hydrogen (88.6%), helium (11.3%), and other chemical elements (0.1%) has created very favorable conditions for life on the Earth, including the much-needed water—a unique substance with all its anomalies. Special attention is given to hydrogen, the first element

The separation of oil-water emulsion, in general, is a major problem in oil production and refining processes. The authors performed targeted laboratory and field studies on wastewater cleaning from hydrocarbons in the conditions of oil preprocessing on the ZhetybayMunayGaz oil field, Republic of Kazakhstan. The field pilot-scale tests (FPST) have been performed with a novel nanodemulsifier IKHLAS-1

Increasing demands to the quality of drinking water necessitate the search for environmentally friendly and effective methods of its disinfection and purification. The purpose of this work was to study the disinfecting activity of chitosan (ChTS) obtained from natural polymer chitine in relation to E. coli and C. albicans depending on the physicochemical parameters of medium. It has been established