The (tentative) identification of unknown drug‐related phase II metabolites in plants upon drug uptake remains a challenging task despite improved analytical instrument performance. To broaden the knowledge of possible drug metabolization, a fast‐screening approach for the tentative identification of drug‐related phase II metabolites is presented in this work. Therefore, an in‐silico database for the

Natural product analysis has gained wide attention in recent years, especially for herbal medicines, which contain complex ingredients and play a significant clinical role in the therapy of numerous diseases. The constituents of natural products are usually found at low concentrations, and the matrices are complex. Thus, the extraction of target compounds from natural products before analysis by analytical

For connecting flow‐through analytical methods with capillary electrophoresis, a chip working in the air‐assisted flow gating interface regime is cast from poly(dimethylsiloxane). In the injection space, the exit from the delivery capillary is placed close to the entrance to the separation capillary. Prior to injecting the sample into the separation capillary, the background electrolyte is forced out

The continuous introduction in the market of new psychoactive drugs (NPS) represents a well‐known international emergency. Indeed, the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction and the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime are paying great attention to the spread of NPS. In addition to the traditional analytical approaches based on GC‐MS and HPLC‐MS, also CE coupled with MS has proved

The hindrance created by the induced electric filed on the sedimentation of a charged colloid in an aqueous media is studied through numerical modeling. The colloid is considered to be hydrophobic, sedimenting under gravity or a centrifugal force (generalized gravity). The deformation of the charge cloud around the colloid induces an electric field, which generates electrical dipole force on the colloid

Instability occurs in the electrokinetic flow of fluids with conductivity and/or permittivity gradients if the applied electric field is beyond a critical value. Understanding such an electrokinetic instability is significant for both improved transport (via the suppressed instability) and enhanced mixing (via the promoted instability) of liquid samples in microfluidic applications. This work presents

The complexation of ester betulin derivatives with (2‐hydroxypropyl)‐β‐cyclodextrin (HP‐β‐CD) was studied by mobility shift affinity capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoretic mobility for triangular peaks was calculated using the parameter a1 of the Haarhoff‐Van der Linde function instead of the peak top time. Dependences of the viscosity corrected electrophoretic mobility on HP‐β‐CD concentration

Polyethylene glycol‐modified canine uricase (PEG‐UHC) was prepared by modifying the ε‐amino group of lysine residues on the canine uricase (UHC) protein to near‐saturation with 5 kDa monomethoxyl‐polyethylene glycol succinimide (mPEG‐SPA‐5k). In order to accurately determine the PEGylation uniformity of PEG‐UHC, CZE, 3–8% gradient gel SDS‐PAGE, and imaging CIEF (iCIEF) analyses were compared. CZE could

A quantitative method was developed for the direct identity confirmation and quantification of alendronate using capillary electrophoresis–mass spectrometry (CE‐MS) combined with a pH‐assisted focusing technique, dynamic pH barrage junction focusing. A pH‐induced variation in electrophoretic mobility led to online focusing of alendronate at the sample/pH barrage boundary, significantly improving the

The development of capillary electrophoresis, especially CE‐SDS devices, has led CE‐SDS to become an established tool in a wide range of applications in the analysis of biopharmaceuticals and is increasingly replacing its method of origin, SDS‐PAGE. The goal of this study was to evaluate the comparability of molecular weight (MW) determination especially by CE‐SDS and SDS‐PAGE. For ensuring comparability

Electrokinetic processes that lead to pH gradient instabilities in carrier ampholyte‐based IEF are reviewed. In addition to electroosmosis, there are four of electrophoretic nature, namely (i) the stabilizing phase with the plateau phenomenon, (ii) the gradual isotachophoretic loss of carrier ampholytes at the two column ends in presence of electrode solutions, (iii) the inequality of the mobilities

Arsenic aromatic compounds including p‐arsanylic acid (pASA) are still widely used in a number of countries as the feed additives in animal breeding resulting in its entering the environment. Under the influence of oxidizing agents or UV radiation, pASA undergoes transformations leading to generation of inorganic arsenic species that are more mobile and toxic than organic ones. On the one hand, an

Globular proteins exhibit dielectrophoresis (DEP) responses in experiments where the applied field gradient factor ∇E2 appears far too small, according to standard DEP theory, to overcome dispersive forces associated with the thermal energy kT of disorder. To address this a DEP force equation is proposed that replaces a previous empirical relationship between the macroscopic and microscopic forms of

The structure of the double layer on the boundary between solid and liquid phases is described by various models, of which the Stern‐Gouy‐Chapman model is still commonly accepted. Generally, the solid phase is charged, which also causes the distribution of the electric charge in the adjacent diffuse layer in the liquid phase. We propose a new mathematical model of electromigration considering the high

Mitochondrial dynamics (fission and fusion) plays an important role in cell functions. Disruption in mitochondrial dynamics has been associated with diseases such as neurobiological disorders and cardiovascular diseases. Analysis of mitochondrial fission/fusion has been mostly achieved through direct visualization of the fission/fusion events in live‐cell imaging of fluorescently labeled mitochondria

With the excellent merits of both solid conductors and rheological fluids, liquid metal (LM) provides new opportunities to serve as flexible building blocks of miniaturized electronic and fluidic devices. The phenomenon of continuous electrowetting (CEW) has been long utilized for actuating LM contents in buffer medium, wherein an externally imposed voltage difference is responsible of manipulating

The association of immunoglobulin G (IgG) glycosylation changes with various human diseases and physiological conditions is well established. Since the mechanistical explanation of the regulation of IgG glycosylation and its functional role in these various states is still missing, the eyes of the biomedical community are now turned towards animal models, which enable intervention studies necessary

Y chromosome kits are successfully applied in cases where human biological material exists. With the development of genotyping ability, more Y chromosomal markers are needed for finer identification of male individuals and lineages. In this study, a developmental validation of a newly emerged Y chromosome kit that combines two different kinds of markers: 38 Y‐STRs and 3 Y‐indels are conducted. The

The secretor status of ABH antigens, determined by FUT2 polymorphisms, affects susceptibility to various infectious diseases. In addition to many SNPs responsible for the nonsecretor phenotype, five nonfunctional alleles (se) resulting from copy number variations have been reported. One of the five alleles generated by an unequal crossover between FUT2 and a pseudogene (SEC1), is sefus. This allele

This paper utilizes a combined approach of the convection‐diffusion theory and the moment analysis to conduct a comprehensive investigation of the solute dispersion under the influence of the interphase transport in finitely long inner coated microchannels. The present work has threefold novel contributions: (1) The 2D solute concentration contours in the stationary phase are calculated for the first

The increasing resolution of three‐dimensional (3D) printing offers simplified access to, and development of, microfluidic devices with complex 3D structures. Therefore, this technology is increasingly used for rapid prototyping in laboratories and industry. Microfluidic free flow electrophoresis (μFFE) is a versatile tool to separate and concentrate different samples (such as DNA, proteins, and cells)

Although knowledge on glycan biosynthesis and processing is continuously maturing, there are still a limited number of studies that examine biological functions of N‐glycan structures in plants, which remain virtually unknown. Here, the statistical correlation between nutrient (nitrogen) deficiency symptoms of crops and changes in 8‐aminopyrene‐1,3,6‐trisulfonic acid (APTS)‐labeled complex type free

Nanomaterials have drawn much attention because of their unique properties enabling them to play important roles in various applications in different areas. This review covers literature data in the Web of Science from January 2017 to August 2020, focusing on the applications of nanomaterials (nanoparticles, quantum dots, nanotubes, and graphene) in CE and MCE to achieve enhanced sensitivity of several

Dielectrophoretically driven microfluidic devices have demonstrated great applicability in biomedical engineering, diagnostic medicine, and biological research. One of the potential fields of application for this technology is in point‐of‐care (POC) devices, ideally allowing for portable, fully integrated, easy to use, low‐cost diagnostic platforms. Two main approaches exist to induce dielectrophoresis

Fatty acids determination is of paramount importance for quality control and suitable labeling of edible oils, required by regulatory agencies in several countries, and fast methods for this determination are worldly desired. This review article aimed to explore the available analytical methods for vegetable and marine oils analyses employing CE, which can be a straightforward and faster alternative

Rare earth elements (REEs) are widely used across different industries due to their exceptional magnetic and electrical properties. In this work Cupriavidus necator (C. necator) is characterized using dielectrophoretic ultra‐high frequency measurements, typically in MHz range to quantify the properties of cytoplasm in C. necator for its metal uptake / bioaccumulation capacity. C. necator, a gram‐negative

The 20th century has seen tremendous innovation of dielectrophoretic (DEP) technologies, with applications being developed in areas ranging from industrial processing to micro and nanoscale biotechnology. From 2010 to present day there have been 981 publications about DEP. Of 2600 total patents held by the United States Patent and Trademark Office, 106 were filed in 2019 alone. This review focuses

Advancements in rapid targeted chemical analysis of homemade and improvised explosive devices is critical for the identification of explosives‐based hazards and threats. Gradient elution moving boundary electrophoresis (GEMBE), a robust electrokinetic separation technique, was employed for the separation and detection of common inorganic oxidizers from frequently encountered fuel‐oxidizer mixtures

Cancer is one of the leading causes of annual deaths worldwide, accounting for nearly 10 million deaths each year. Metastasis, the process by which cancer spreads across the patient's body, is the main cause of death in cancer patients. Because the rising trend observed in statistics of new cancer cases and cancer related deaths does not allow for an optimistic viewpoint on the future—in relation to

Rugged analytical methods for the screening and identity confirmation of anthocyanins require a dedicated sample preparation, chromatographic setup and the reliable generation of multiple identification points to confirm identity against the wide range of phenolic compounds typically present in food, beverage and plant material samples. To this end, combinations of spectroscopic and mass spectrometric

Aging is a fundamental and fascinating process. Anti‐aging research tried to find the mysteries about the human lifespan. To investigate the the longevity‐extending role of caffeic acid phenethylester (CAPE) and reveal the possible regulation mechanism, the long‐term cultivation under well‐defined environments, real‐time monitoring and live imaging is highly desired. In this paper, a well‐designed

We have developed a rapid, low‐cost, and simple separation strategy to separate extracellular vesicles (EVs) from a small amount of serum (i.e., <100 μL) with minimal contamination by serum proteins and lipoprotein particles to meet the high purity requirement for EV proteome analysis. EVs were separated by a novel polyester capillary channel polymer (PET C‐CP) fiber phase/hydrophobic interaction chromatography

Milk serves as the sole nutrition for newborns, as well as a medium for the transfer of immunological components from the mother to the baby. This study reveals different glycoprotein profiles obtained from human, bovine, and caprine milk and their potential roles in supporting infant growth. Proteins from these three milk samples are separated and analyzed using two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis

Nonlinear electrokinetics (EK), specifically electrophoresis of the second kind, dielectrophoresis (DEP) and electrorotation (EROT), have gained significant interest recently for their flexibility and labeless discriminant manner of operation. The current applications of these technologies are a clear advancement from what they were when first discovered, but also still show strong signs of future

Protein glycosylation can impact the efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics of therapeutic proteins. Achieving uniform and consistent protein glycosylation is an important requirement for product quality control at all stages of therapeutic protein drug discovery and development. The development of a new microfluidic CE device compatible with MS offers a fast and sensitive orthogonal mode of high‐resolution

Nonuniform electric fields cause polarizable particles to move through an effect known as dielectrophoresis (DEP). Additionally, the particles themselves create nonuniform fields due to their induced dipoles. When the nonuniform field of one particle causes another to move, it represents a path to hierarchical assembly termed mutual DEP (mDEP). Anisotropic particles potentially provide further opportunities

The use of ionic liquids in capillary electrophoresis, either as coating material or as components of the background electrolyte needs systematic standardization to set up optimal conditions. Excellent separation of the proteins was achieved using 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([emim][BF4]) or 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([bmim][BF4]) ionic liquids using the properly

We report here a low‐cost, rapid‐prototyping, and beehive‐like multilayer polymer microfluidic device for ultrahigh‐throughput blood plasma separation. To understand the device physics and optimize the device structure, the effect of cross‐sectional dimension and operational parameter on particle focusing behavior was explored using a single spiral microchannel device. Then, the blood plasma separation

Lab‐on‐a‐chip (LOC) technologies can take advantage of sheath flows for particle/cell focusing before sensing or sorting. The integration of focusing with other microscale manipulation techniques (e.g., sorting) creates a trade‐off between the throughput of the device and its performance. Therefore, exploring the effective parameters for cells/particles focusing enables us to improve the desired output

Invertases are glycosidases applied for synthesis of alkyl glycosides that are important and effective surfactants. Stability of invertases in the environment with increased content of organic solvent is crucial for increase of productivity of glycosidases. Their stability is significantly influenced by N‐glycosylation. However, yeast N‐glycosylation pathways may synthesize plethora of N‐glycan structures

Inertial microfluidics has attracted significant attentions in last decade due to its superior advantages of high throughput, label‐ and external field‐free operation, simplicity, and low cost. A wide variety of channel geometry designs were demonstrated for focusing, concentrating, isolating, or separating of various bioparticles such as blood components, circulating tumor cells, bacteria, and microalgae

Wirelessly powered dielectrophoresis (DEP) of metal oxide particles was performed using a spark‐gap Tesla coil (TC). The main contribution of this work is the simplification of the conventional DEP setup that requires attaching wires directly to the electrodes. Wireless power from the TC generates a high output frequency and voltage, which corresponds to that used for the DEP. Therefore, a spark‐gap

Diatoms are unicellular microalgae with cell wall made up of rigid silica found in all open water bodies. They thus resist degradation and hence are important tool to diagnose cause of death in drowned bodies. The nitric acid digestion method practiced conventionally in forensic science laboratories has limitations due to manual error. Plant chloroplast genes found in diatoms such as ribulose‐1,5‐bisphosphate

Retrieving DNA from highly degraded human skeletal remains is still a challenge due to low concentration and fragmentation, which makes it difficult to extract and purify. Recent works showed that silica‐based methods allow better DNA recovery and this fact may be attributed to the type of bones and the quality of the preserved tissue. However, more systematic studies are needed to evaluate the efficiency

Almost all known foodborne pathogens are able to form biofilms as one of the strategies for survival under harsh living conditions, to ward off the inhibition and the disinfection during food production, transport and storage, as well as during cleaning and sanitation of corresponding facilities. Biofilms are communities where microbial cells live under constant intracellular interaction and communication

This study aimed to evaluate the polyphenolic composition along with the biological activity of guabiroba (Campomanesia xanthocarpa Berg.) fruits using comprehensive two‐dimensional liquid chromatography (LC × LC). A simplex centroid design comprising three solvents (methanol, 2% acetic acid, and acetonitrile) was used to optimize the extraction mixture for polyphenols from ripe and unripe guabiroba

A microwave‐assisted extraction (MAE) method was developed for the extraction of bioactive inositols (D‐chiro‐ and myo‐inositols) from lettuce (Lactuca sativa) leaves as a strategy for the revalorization of these agrofood residues. Gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry was selected for the simultaneous determination of inositols and sugars (glucose, fructose, and sucrose) in these samples. A Box–Behnken

This article corrects the following: First published: 20 April 2018 | https://doi.org/10.1002/elps.201800077 In the article Concurrent determination and separation of inorganic cations and anions in microchip electrophoresis with precisely controlled high‐voltage By Zhe Huang, Mingpeng Yang, Hui You, Yang Xie; Electrophoresis 2018, 39, 1802–1807, the authors regret to have missed additional information

Ti (IV) modified vinyl phosphate magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4@SiO2@KH570‐PO4‐Ti (IV)) was prepared for simultaneous extraction of multiple arsenic species, followed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) – inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS) analysis. Inorganic arsenic (iAs), dimethyl arsenic acid (DMA), monomethyl arsenic acid (MMA), p‐amino phenyl arsenic acid (p‐ASA)

This review summarizes recent developments (over the past decade) in the field of microfluidics‐based solutions for enantiomeric separation and detection. The progress in various formats of microchip electrodriven separations, such as MCE, microchip electrochromatography, and multidimensional separation techniques, is discussed. Innovations covering chiral stationary phases, surface coatings, and modification

Approximate analytic expressions are derived for the electrophoretic mobility of spheroidal particles (prolate and oblate) carrying low zeta potential in an electrolyte solution under an applied tangential or transverse electric field. The present approximation method, which is based on the observation that the electrophoretic mobility of a particle is determined mainly by the distortion of the applied

Capillary electrophoresis‐mass spectrometry (CE‐MS) is now a mature analytical technique in metabolomics, notably for the efficient profiling of polar and charged metabolites. Over the past few years, (further) progress has been made in the design of improved interfacing techniques for coupling CE to MS; also, in the development of CE‐MS approaches for profiling metabolites in volume‐restricted samples

We previously established an automatic droplet‐creation technique that only required air evacuation of a PDMS microfluidic device prior to use. Although the rate of droplet production with this technique was originally slow (∼10 droplets per second), this was greatly improved (∼470 droplets per second) in our recent study by remodeling the original device configuration. This improvement was realized

Capillary electrophoresis represents a promising technique in the field of pharmaceutical analysis. The presented review provides a summary of capillary electrophoretic methods suitable for routine quality control analyses of small molecule drugs published since 2015. In total, more than 80 discussed methods are sorted into three main sections according to the applied electroseparation modes (capillary

Insulator‐based dielectrophoresis (iDEP) exploits the electric field gradients formed around insulating structures to manipulate particles for diverse microfluidic applications. Compared to the traditional electrode‐based dielectrophoresis, iDEP microdevices have the advantages of easy fabrication, free of water electrolysis, and robust structure, etc. However, the presence of in‐channel insulators