Age prediction is of great importance for criminal investigation and judicial expertise. DNA methylation status is considered a promising method to infer tissue age by virtue of age‐dependent changes on methylation sites. In recent years, forensic scientists have established various models to predict the chronological age of blood, saliva, and semen based on DNA methylation status. However, hair‐inferred

The enrichment and focusing of the nano/sub‐micro particle (e.g., 150–1000 nm microvesicle shed from the plasma membrane) in the viscoelastic fluid has great potentials in the biomedical and clinical applications, such as the disease diagnosis and the prognostic test for liquid biopsy. However, due to the small size and the resulting weak hydrodynamic force, the efficient manipulation of the nano/sub‐micro

We propose a micromixer for obtaining better efficiency of vortex induced electroosmotic mixing of non‐Newtonian bio‐fluids at a relatively higher flow rate, which finds relevance in many biomedical and biological applications. To represent the rheology of non‐Newtonian fluid, we consider the Carreau model in this study, while the applied electric field drives the constituent components in the micromixer

With the discovery of circulating cell‐free fetal DNA (cffDNA) in maternal plasma, noninvasive prenatal testing became possible. However, analysis of low‐level cffDNA against high background maternal DNA remains complicated and challenging. To circumvent this limitation, selective amplification of cffDNA was used in this study. Two kinds of compound markers (namely DIP‐STR and SNP‐STR), both based

A comprehensive study into the effects of mobile phase composition and column temperature on enantiomer elution order was conducted with a set of chiral rod‐like liquid crystalline materials. The analytes were structurally similar and comprised variances such as length of terminal alkyl chain, presence of chlorine, number of phenyl rings, and type of chiral center. Experiments were carried out in polar

In this work, high‐speed micellar electrokinetic chromatography with LIF detection was applied to study the antagonism between three intestinal bacteria, Escherichia coli (E. coli), Bacillus licheniformis (B. licheniformis) and Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis). The fluorescent derivatization for the bacteria was performed by labeling the bacteria with FITC. In a high‐speed capillary electrophoresis

Sample injection in microchip‐based capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) frequently rely on the use of electric fields which can introduce differences in the injected volume for the various analytes depending on their electrophoretic mobilities and molecular diffusivities. While such injection biases may be minimized by employing hydrodynamic flows during the injection process, this approach typically

UV‐absorbing neutral substances are commonly used as markers of mean electroosmotic flow in capillary electrophoresis for their zero electrophoretic mobility in an electric field. However, some of these markers can interact with background electrolyte components and migrate at a different velocity than the electroosmotic flow. Thus, we tested 11 markers primarily varying in their degree of methylation

The further development and application of capillary electromigration techniques for the enantioselective determination of drugs and their metabolites in body fluids, tissues, and in vitro preparations during the 2010 to 2020 time period continued to proof their usefulness and attractiveness in bioanalysis. This review discusses the principles and important aspects of capillary electrophoresis‐ based

Electrically polarizable micro and nanoparticles and droplets can be trapped using the gradient electric field of electrodes. But the spatial profile of the resultant dielectrophoretic force is fixed once the electrode structure is defined. To change the force profile, entire complex lab‐on‐a‐chip systems must be re‐fabricated with modified electrode structures. To overcome this problem, we propose

Enantioresolution processes are vital tools for investigating the enantioselectivities of chiral compounds. An analyst resolves to optimize enantioresolution conditions once they are determined. Generally, optimization is conducted by a one‐factor‐at‐a‐time (OFAT) approach. Although this approach may determine an adequate condition for the method, it does not often allow the estimation of the real

The advent of policies that incentivize or require alternative diesel fuels has increased the demand for the development of fast analytical methods aiming for the quality control of these fuels. This study approached an alternative method for the determination of biodiesel acidity employing capillary zone electrophoresis based on free fatty acids screening and quantification. Sample preparation comprised

In order to contribute to the scientific research on the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), we have investigated the isoelectric points (pI) of several related proteins, which are commercially available: the receptor‐binding domain (RBD) with His‐ and Fc‐tag, the S1 subunit with His‐tag, the S1/S2 subunits with His‐tag and the human angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (hACE2)

In this work, chiral separation of enantiomers of three amino acids was achieved using capillary electrophoresis technique with α‐cyclodextrin (αCD) as a running buffer additive. Only tryptophan has exhibited baseline separation in the presence of αCD, while the enantiomers of the other two amino acids, phenylalanine and tyrosine, were only partially separated. The addition of 18‐crown‐6 (18C6) as

After a presence of highly hepatotoxic and potentially carcinogenic N‐nitrosodimethylamine was detected in certain lots of sartan, ranitidine, metformin, and other pharmaceuticals, local regulatory authorities issued recalls of suspected products, and concerns of the pharmacotherapy safety were widely discussed. Since then, testing of a representative sample of each produced lot of these pharmaceuticals

Concentration sensitivity is a key performance indicator for analytical techniques including for capillary electrophoresis‐mass spectrometry (CE–MS) with electrospray ionization (ESI). In this study, a flow‐through microvial interface was used to couple CE with MS and improve the ESI stability and detection sensitivity. By infusing a peptide mixture through the interface into an MS detector at a typical

The presence of a dynamic and balanced equilibrium between the production of reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen (RNS) species and the in‐house antioxidant defense mechanisms is characteristic for a healthy body. During oxidative stress (OS), this balance is switched to increased production of ROS and RNS, exceeding the capacity of physiological antioxidant systems. This can cause damage to biological

Gangliosides are particularly abundant in the nervous system (NS) where their pattern and structure in a certain milieu or a defined region exhibit a pronounced specificity. Since gangliosides are useful biomarkers for diagnosis of NS ailments, a clear‐cut mapping of individual components represents a prerequisite for designing ganglioside‐based diagnostic procedures, treatments, or vaccines. These

The (tentative) identification of unknown drug‐related phase II metabolites in plants upon drug uptake remains a challenging task despite improved analytical instrument performance. To broaden the knowledge of possible drug metabolization, a fast‐screening approach for the tentative identification of drug‐related phase II metabolites is presented in this work. Therefore, an in silico database for the

Nontargeted analysis of water samples using liquid chromatography combined with high‐resolution mass spectrometers is an emerging approach for surface water monitoring and evaluation of water treatment processes. In this study, sample preconcentration via direct, large volume injection with 500 μL and 1000 μL injection volumes was compared to SPE regarding analytical performance parameters in targeted

Accomplishing slow translocation speed with high sensitivity has been the most critical mission for solid‐state nanopore (SSN) device to electrically detect nucleobases in single‐stranded DNA (ssDNA). In this study, a method to detect nucleobases of ssDNA using a 2‐D SSN is introduced by considerably reducing the translocation speed and effectively increasing its sensitivity. The ultra‐thin titanium

Tissue‐specific differentially methylated regions (tDMRs) are regions of the genome with methylation patterns that modulate gene expression in those tissue types. The detection of tDMRs in forensic evidence can permit the identification of body fluids at trace levels. In this report we have performed a bioinformatic analysis of an existing array dataset to determine if new tDMRs could be identified

Gel electrophoresis is a ubiquitous bioanalytical technique used to characterize the components of cell lysates. However, analyses of bulk lysates sacrifice detection sensitivity because intracellular biomolecules become diluted, and the liberation of proteases and nucleases can degrade target analytes. This report describes a method to enrich cells directly within a microfluidic gel as a first step

Primary liver cancer mainly comprises two histological types, namely hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). They differ in cell origin, biological behavior, prognosis and therapeutic strategies, and reliable discrimination before surgery is important for optimal treatment and better prognoses. Aberrant glycosylation was also detected in HCC and ICC. Both cross‐sectional

Synthetic cathinones are phenylalkylamine compounds related to natural cathinone from Catha edulis leaves. Due to their sympathomimetic effects comparable to common illicit drugs, these substances are mainly drugs of abuse and constitute the second most frequently seized group of new psychoactive substances. In order to ensure their regulation and to promote public health, reliable analytical tools

The detection and quantification of nucleic acid and proteomic biomarkers in bodily fluids is a critical part of many medical screening and diagnoses. However, majority of the current detection platforms are not ideal for routine, rapid, and low‐cost testing in point‐of‐care settings. To address this issue, we developed a concept for a disposable universal point‐of‐care biosensor that can detect and

The flanking region variants of nonbinary SNPs and phenotype‐informative SNPs (piSNPs) have been observed, which may greatly improve the discriminative ability after constituting microhaplotype. In this study, 30 microhaplotype loci based on the nonbinary SNPs and piSNPs (shown to be related to phenotypes such as hair and eye color) were selected. Genotyping were conducted on 100 unrelated northern

Electrokinetic transport of an uncharged nonconducting microsized liquid droplet in a charged hydrogel medium is studied. Dielectric polarization of the liquid drop under the action of an externally imposed electric field induces a non‐homogeneous charge density at the droplet surface. The interactions of the induced surface charge of the droplet with the immobile charges of the hydrogel medium generates

In this work, we aim to observe and study the physics of bacteria and cancer cells pearl chain formation under dielectrophoresis (DEP). Experimentally, we visualized the formation of Bacillus subtilis bacterial pearl chain and human breast cancer cell (MCF‐7) chain under positive and negative dielectrophoretic force, respectively. Through a simple simulation with creeping flow, AC/DC electric fields

Hypoxia‐induced polymerization of sickle hemoglobin and the related ion diffusion across cell membrane can lead to changes in cell dielectric properties, which can potentially serve as label‐free, diagnostic biomarkers for sickle cell disease. This article presents a microfluidic‐based approach with on‐chip gas control for the impedance spectroscopy of suspended cells within the frequency range of

Capillary electrophoresis coupled to LED‐induced fluorescence detection is a robust and sensitive technique used for amino acids (AA) analysis in biological media, after labeling with 3‐(4‐carboxybenzoyl)quinoline‐2‐carboxaldehyde (CBQCA). We wanted to quantitate in plasma tryptophan (Trp), tyrosine (Tyr), valine (Val), and isoleucine (Ile). Among the different labeled AA‐CBQCA, Trp has the lowest

A rapid, sensitive, environmental friendly dual preconcentration method by combining micro matrix solid‐phase dispersion extraction with field‐enhanced sample injection and micelle to cyclodextrin stacking has been developed for the determination of furocoumarins. Molecular sieve, KIT‐6, was used as an adsorbent in micro matrix solid‐phase dispersion process. The important parameters affecting off‐line

Dielectrophoresis is a robust approach for the manipulation and separation of (bio)particles using microfluidic platforms. We developed a dielectrophoretic corral trap in a microfluidic device that utilizes negative dielectrophoresis to capture single spherical polystyrene particles. Circular‐shaped micron‐size traps were employed inside the device and the three‐dimensional trap stiffness (restoring

Alkaline version of the single‐cell gel electrophoresis (Comet assay) is widely used in toxicological, environmental, and monitoring studies to assess the DNA damage levels in individual cells. The change in the temperature of the electrophoretic solution is one of the reasons leading to interlaboratory variation of Comet assay results. In this work, changes of surface temperature of the solution during

With a unique inheritance pattern compared to autosomal short tandem repeats (A‐STRs), X chromosomal STRs (X‐STRs) have special usage in forensic relationship testing. In this study, we designed a multiplex amplification system (named TYPER‐X19 multiplex assay) consisting of 18 STR loci spreading from 7.837 to 149.460 Mb on the X chromosomes (DXS9895, DXS8378, DXS9902, DXS6810, DXS7132, DXS10079, DXS6789

Native mass spectrometry (nMS) is a rapidly growing method for the characterization of large proteins and protein complexes, preserving “native” non‐covalent inter‐ and intramolecular interactions. Direct infusion of purified analytes into a mass spectrometer represents the standard approach for conducting nMS experiments. Alternatively, CZE can be performed under native conditions, providing high

Besides the racemate, the S‐enantiomer of ibuprofen (Ibu) is used for the treatment of inflammation and pain. Since the configurational stability of S‐Ibu in solid state is of interest, it was studied by means of ball milling experiments. For the evaluation of the enantiomeric composition, a chiral CE method was developed and validated according to the ICH guideline Q2(R1). The addition of Mg2+, Ca2+

Capillary electrophoresis is a powerful technique for the analysis of polar chiral compounds and has been widely accepted for analytical enantioseparations of drug compounds in pharmaceuticals and biological media. In addition, many mechanistic studies have been conducted in an attempt to rationalize enantioseparations in combination with spectroscopic and computational techniques. The present review

A novel method for electroosmotic flow (EOF) measurement on paper substrates is presented; it is based on dynamic mass measurements by simply using an analytical balance. This technique provides a more reliable alternative to other EOF measurement methods on porous media. The proposed method is used to increase the amount and quality of the available information about physical parameters that characterize

The Y‐chromosome short tandem repeats (Y‐STRs) loci with different mutation rates existing in the Y chromosome non‐recombination region (NRY) allow to be applied in human forensics, genealogical researches, historical investigations and evolutionary studies. Currently, there is a high demand for pedigree search to narrow the scope of crime investigations. However, the commonly used Y‐STRs kits generally

Electroosmotic flow (EOF), a consequence of an imposed electric field onto an electrolyte solution in the tangential direction of a charged surface, has emerged as an important phenomenon in electrokinetic transport at the micro/nanoscale. Because of their ability to efficiently pump liquids in miniaturized systems without incorporating any mechanical parts, electroosmotic methods for fluid pumping

The startup of electrophoretic motion in a suspension of spherical colloidal particles, which may be charged with constant zeta potential or constant surface charge density, due to the sudden application of an electric field is analytically examined. The unsteady modified Stokes equation governing the fluid velocity field is solved with unit cell models. Explicit formulas for the transient electrophoretic

Capillary electrophoresis (CE) has been applied for determination of the thermodynamic acidity constants (pKa) of the sulfamidoalkyl and sulfonamidoalkyl groups, the actual and limiting ionic mobilities and hydrodynamic radii of important compounds, eight carborane‐based inhibitors of carbonic anhydrases, which are potential new anticancer drugs. Two types of carboranes were investigated, (i) icosahedral

Saliva and blood plasma are non‐Newtonian viscoelastic fluids that play essential roles in the transport of particulate matters (e.g., food and blood cells). However, whether the viscoelasticity of such biofluids alters the dynamics of suspended particles is still unknown. In this study, we report that under pressure‐driven microflows of both human saliva and blood plasma, spherical particles laterally

The first autosomal sequence‐based allele (aka SNP‐STR haplotype) frequency database for forensic massively parallel sequencing (MPS) has been published, thereby removing one of the remaining barriers to implementing MPS in casework. The database was developed using a specific set of flank trim sites. If different trim sites or different kits with different primers are used for casework, then SNP‐STR

Mitochondrial dynamics (fission and fusion) plays an important role in cell functions. Disruption in mitochondrial dynamics has been associated with diseases such as neurobiological disorders and cardiovascular diseases. Analysis of mitochondrial fission/fusion has been mostly achieved through direct visualization of the fission/fusion events in live‐cell imaging of fluorescently labeled mitochondria

This article corrects the following: First Published: 22 February 2019 | https://doi.org/10.1002/elps.201800528 In the short communication A chemoenzymatic approach enables the site‐specific conjugation of recombinant proteins By Yan Wang, Mingming Dong, Mingliang Ye; Electrophoresis 2019, 40, 2125–2128, the authors’ addresses should read: 1 CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical

DNA genotyping from trace and highly degraded biological samples is one of the most significant challenges of forensic DNA identification. There is a lack of simple and effective methods for genotyping highly degraded samples. In this study, a multiple loci insertion/deletion polymorphisms (Multi‐InDels) panel was designed for detecting 18 autosomal Multi‐InDels through capillary electrophoresis (CE)

The application of monolithic materials as carriers for enzymes has rapidly expanded to the realization of flow‐through analysis and bioconversion processes. This expansion is partly attributed to the absence from diffusion limitation in many monoliths‐based enzyme reactors. Particularly, the relatively ease of introducing functional groups renders polymer monoliths attractive as enzyme carriers. After

Numerous molecular biological experiments performed throughout the world require the detection or quantification of a protein of interest. Western blotting is one of the most popular techniques used for this purpose and offers quantitative information with the aid of specialized software. However, its dependence on the picture that is captured, and the background and the absence of a common protocol

Recently, we developed a fabrication method—chemically‐tuned controlled dielectric breakdown (CT‐CDB)—that produces nanopores (through thin silicon nitride membranes) surpassing legacy drawbacks associated with solid‐state nanopores (SSNs). However, the noise characteristics of CT‐CDB nanopores are largely unexplored. In this work, we investigated the 1/f noise of CT‐CDB nanopores of varying solution

Western blot (protein immunoblot) is a widely used analytical technique in molecular biology. Utilizing the specific recognizing primary antibody, proteins immobilized on various matrix are investigated by subsequent visualization steps, for example, by the horse radish peroxidase conjugated secondary antibody incubation. Methods to improve the sensitivity in protein identification or quantification

A combination of two chromatographic and one enzymatic methods was used for identification of the molecular species of triacylglycerols (TAGs) from Streptomyces avermitilis. Streptomyces avermitliswas cultured on various carbon sources and the ratio of iso‐ (i‐FAs), anteiso‐ (ai‐FAs), and straight‐chain‐ (n‐FAs) fatty acids was modified by precursor‐directed biosynthesis. Saturated TAGs were separated

Host cell proteins (HCPs) are widely regarded as a critical quality attribute for a biotherapeutic product. Bottom up MS is the present gold standard for HCP analysis but suffers from incomplete protein identification due to complex nature of the HCP mixture and limited separation efficiency of the preceding LC‐based systems. In this paper, we present for the first time an application involving use

Approximate analytic expressions are derived for the electrophoretic mobility of a weakly charged spherical soft particle consisting of the particle core covered with a surface layer of polymers in an electrolyte solution. The particle core and the surface polymer layer may be charged or uncharged. The obtained electrophoretic mobility expressions, which involve neither numerical integration nor exponential

Human immunodeficiency virus‐acquired immunodeficiency syndrome continues to be a major global public health issue, having claimed almost 33 million lives to date. Due to the high cost of antiretroviral treatment, access to these drugs remains difficult for vulnerable populations, such as migrants and people living in prisons, who often do not have health insurance. These factors lead to poorer health

In this study, a novel purification method using magnetic solid‐phase extraction (MSPE) based on magnetic carbon nanotube dummy molecularly imprinted polymer (MCNTMIP) nanocomposite was investigated for separation and enrichment of sulfonamide antibiotics (SAs) in fish and shrimp samples. The MCNTMIP nanocomposite was successfully synthesized by applying carbon nanotubes as supporting template, methacrylic