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Miniaturized Ionogel-based Bi-stable Actuator with State-Sensing Capability Sens. Actuators A Phys. (IF 4.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-29 Li-Yu Lo, Pei-Ting Lin, Chia-Yu Cho, Hsiang-Yun Wang, Yao-Joe Yang
This work reports a miniaturized actuator with state-sensing and bi-stable capabilities that was developed by utilizing the shape memory effect of ionogel. The actuator consists of a carbon nanotube (CNT) dispersed ionogel finger, a thermo-responsive liquid-crystal elastomer (LCE) cantilever, and a micromachined heater layer. The LCE cantilever serves as an actuating material for deforming the ionogel
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Leveraging deep learning for optimal methane gas detection: Residual network filter assisted direct absorption spectroscopy Sens. Actuators A Phys. (IF 4.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-28 Rongqi Xu, Linbo Tian, Jinbao Xia, Fengrong Zhao, Kegang Guo, Zhaowen Liang, Sasa Zhang
Noise interference in gas concentration detection has always been an intractable problem. A novel residual network filter based on deep learning algorithm in this study is proposed to compensate the shortcomings of direct absorption spectroscopy under noisy conditions. Benefiting from the ability of extracting spectral features, the residual network filter established a mapping relationship between
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A Novel Capacitive Sensor Featuring Surface Microstructure and Hydrogels for Measuring Full Pressure with High-Sensitivity Sens. Actuators A Phys. (IF 4.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-28 Leijin Fan, Yuantao Liu, Xiaofeng Yang, Hu Sun
Compared with positive pressure measurement, which is widely used in many fields, negative pressure measurement is often ignored. However, realizing full pressure measurement, that is, positive and negative pressure measurement, with high sensitivity and wide measurement range, is one of the most urgent development directions and key challenges faced by flexible pressure sensors. To overcome this challenging
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Hybrid Magnetic Field System with Helmholtz Coils and Magnets for Real-time Circulating Tumor Cell Separation Sens. Actuators A Phys. (IF 4.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-28 Kyoungin Kang, Sun Young Lee, Cheol Sang Kim, Chan Hee Park
Extensive research is currently underway to devise effective strategies for the isolation of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from blood samples. The utilization of magnetic particles and magnet as a means for this separation process is garnering increased attention within this field. However, when utilizing fixed magnets to capture cancer cells with attached magnetic particles, the inability to control
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Adsorption and sensing performances of greenhouse gases (CO2, CH4, N2O, and SF6) on pristine and Pd-doped GeSe monolayer: A DFT study Sens. Actuators A Phys. (IF 4.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-28 Zhenhao Wang, Mingxiang Wang, Xiaofang Hu
Nowadays, the global greenhouse effect's influence has become more serious, and the reduction and recovery of greenhouse gases have become more urgent. Therefore, in this study, we use DFT calculations to explore the adsorbing and sensing properties of intrinsic and Pd-doped GeSe (Pd-GeSe) monolayer on four greenhouse gases (CO, CH, NO, and SF), and investigate the potential use of the material as
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A compact CSRR-based microwave sensor for soil water content Sens. Actuators A Phys. (IF 4.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-28 Ruann Victor de Andrade Lira, Cefas Rodrigues Freire, Isaac Barros Tavares Da Silva, Valdemir Praxedes da Silva Neto, João Guilherme Domingos de Oliveira, Humberto Dionísio de Andrade, Antonio Luiz Pereira de Siqueira Campos
This work proposes the development of a novel sensor comprising a rectangular microstrip antenna enclosed within a small cubic container made of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS). A complementary split ring resonator (CSRR) has been incorporated into the antenna, endowing it with two resonance frequencies within the desired range. The sensor is designed to determine the soil water content (SWC)
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Optical knife-edge detection for micropillar-based microfluidic viscometer Sens. Actuators A Phys. (IF 4.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-27 Ezgi Şentürk, Ceyda Köksal, Ahmet C. Erten, Onur Ferhanoğlu
We demonstrate the use of an optical knife-edge technique in micropillar-based microfluidic chips, which are intended for viscosity measurements. Our demonstrations rely on the use of a single photodiode, offering a significant cost, form factor and computational efficiency advantage over CMOS camera detection. Our readout methodology involves the utilization of pillars as waveguides, such that a laser
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Enhanced aroma prediction in coffee fermentation through optical fiber sensor data fusion Sens. Actuators A Phys. (IF 4.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-27 Renato Luiz Faraco Filho, João Victor de Castro, Felipe Oliveira Barino, Deivid Campos, Alexandre Bessa dos Santos
This study presents the development of a monitoring probe for characterizing aromas during the coffee fermentation process. Using an optical device created through a Twin Long Period Fiber Grating interferometer in conjunction with auxiliary measurements of carbon dioxide and temperature, the probe was designed to capture relevant data throughout the fermentation process. A set of analyses were conducted
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Highly stable, self-powered UV-Vis-NIR broadband isotype photodetector based on Ti-doped amorphous MoO3 Sens. Actuators A Phys. (IF 4.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-27 Betül Ceviz Şakar, Fatma Yıldırım, Şakir Aydoğan
Ti-doped MoO thin film was sputtered onto a n-Si substrate and the MoO:Ti/n-Si heterojunction photodetector fabricated. The elemental composition and the morphological analyses of the MoO film have been carried out by EDX and SEM studies, respectively. The band gap of sputtered MoO:Ti film was found to be 3.26eV from UV-Vis spectra. The optical performance of the constructed device under visible light
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Effects of droplet volume, electrode geometry, and surface tension on the threshold actuation voltage of a droplet on coplanar electrodes Sens. Actuators A Phys. (IF 4.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-27 Tzu-Ping Chang Chien, Kai-Hsiang Yang, Yun-Jung Hung, Chung-Chia Liao, Wei-Chien Wang, Yi-Yun Jau, Chun-Hong Chen
Actuation voltage is critical for droplet motion on coplanar electrodes via electrowetting on dielectric. In this study, we derive an electromechanical model including threshold actuation voltage, as well as liquid (surface tension, droplet volume, electrical conductivity) and device parameters (electrode width, applied frequency, relative permittivity, and thickness of materials) on a one-plate structure
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Impact detection method based on the ratio of mechanoluminescence intensity Sens. Actuators A Phys. (IF 4.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-27 Yanchang Zheng, Kang Wang, Jintao He, Long Yang, Liyong Qian, Yuelin Lu
This paper proposes an impact detection method based on the ratio of mechanoluminescence (ML) intensity, as an improvement over traditional methods that rely on absolute ML intensity. The study utilized two types of ML materials, ZnS:Cu and ZnS:Mn, which were physically mixed and embedded them in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) to fabricate a flexible film sensor. A drop ball experimental setup was constructed
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Audible sensing of low-ppm concentration gases Sens. Actuators A Phys. (IF 4.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-27 Tanju Yildirim, Meng-Qun Feng, Kota Shiba, Kosuke Minami, Genki Yoshikawa
Reliable and consistent measurement of various gas molecules at low parts per million (low-ppm) concentration is an essential intermediary step towards low-cost versatile gas analysers. Here we demonstrate physical measurements of various low-ppm molecules by means of an acoustic standing wave-based resonating device with a speaker and a microelectromechanical microphone, using either the sound pressure
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Determination of zearalenone content in wheat by modified one-dimensional convolutional neural network-based Raman spectra Sens. Actuators A Phys. (IF 4.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-27 Yingchao Xue, Hongwei Ning, Hui Jiang
In this study, a Raman spectral model trained based on Transformer-improved one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1D-CNN) was proposed for the quantitative analysis of zearalenone in wheat. Raman spectra of wheat flour samples with varying levels of mold contamination were acquired using a portable Raman spectrometer. The 1D-CNN was introduced to extract local features of Raman spectra using
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Nano-Micro 2D/3D SnO2 Semiconductor Ultrahigh Sensitive Sensors for Electrochemical Sensing of Hydrogen peroxide Sens. Actuators A Phys. (IF 4.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-27 Sindhuja Pethaperumal, G T Mohanraj, Kumaran Vediappan, K. Kavibharathy
Detection of HO levels is highly in demand as they are related with several environmental and medical applications. HO is a reactive oxygen species that plays a crucial role in various cell functions thus it is considered as a potential biomarker. Novel 3D/2D SnO micro-nanostructures (with dimensions of 3D: B≈1µm×L≈10µm×T≈1µm; 2D structures ranging<100nm) modified on glassy carbon electrodes (SnO/GCE)
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Love waves propagation in layered viscoelastic waveguides characterized by a Zener model Sens. Actuators A Phys. (IF 4.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-26 A. El Baroudi, J.Y. Le Pommellec, V. Couanet
This paper describes a theory of surface Love waves propagating in lossy waveguides consisting of a viscoelastic layer deposited on a semi-infinite elastic substrate. The Zener model to describe the viscoelastic behavior of a medium is used. This simple model captures both the relaxation and retardation. A new form of the unsteady momentum equation for viscoelastic waveguides has been established.
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Ultrasound detection based on optical tapered-knot resonator sensor Sens. Actuators A Phys. (IF 4.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-26 Chang Liu, Jiatong Zhang, Quanling Li, Liwen Su, Xinghu Fu, Wa Jin, Weihong Bi, Guangwei Fu
In this work, we propose and experimentally demonstrated an optical ultrasound sensor based on tapered knot resonator (TKR) structure for ultrasound sensing. The sensor is fabricated by tapering a knotted single mode fiber (SMF), forming ring region and tapered region of TKR sensor. Higher order modes are excited and the mode interference is effectively enhanced. By simulating and analyzing transmission
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Inkjet-printed MOS-based MEMS sensor array combined with one-dimensional convolutional neural network algorithm for identifying indoor harmful gases Sens. Actuators A Phys. (IF 4.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-26 Shenling Mu, Wenfeng Shen, Dawu Lv, Weijie Song, Ruiqin Tan
To achieve a highly accurate and efficient analysis of mixed gases, it is crucial to develop an electronic nose system with high sensitivity of gas sensors and low data processing complexity. In this study, the metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) based micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) gas sensor array was prepared by inkjet printing sensing materials onto a micro-hotplate. The pattern recognition
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Soft 2D tactile sensor based on fiber Bragg gratings and machine learning algorithms Sens. Actuators A Phys. (IF 4.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-25 N. Shabalov, A. Wolf, A. Kokhanovskiy, A. Dostovalov, S. Babin
Soft 2D tactile sensors are becoming increasingly important in robotics and human-machine interaction. In this paper, we propose a new approach to develop a soft tactile sensor using fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) and machine learning algorithms. The sensor consists of a layer of silicone elastomer with embedded 192 FBGs that can detect deformations caused by point impact. The FBG responses are then processed
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Piezopermittivity of cement mortar with various water contents and its application to capacitance-based structural self-sensing of stress Sens. Actuators A Phys. (IF 4.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-24 Murat Ozturk, D.D.L. Chung
The piezopermittivity of cement mortar without functional admixture relates to capacitance-based structural self-sensing of stress. The capacitance increases with increasing water content, so the effect of the water content on the self-sensing is of concern and is thus addressed in this work. Upon compression, the transverse capacitance measured using coplanar electrodes decreases reversibly for any
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A Novel Double-sided Fabric Strain Sensor Array Fabricated with a Facile and Cost-effective Process Sens. Actuators A Phys. (IF 4.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-24 Xiaobin Chen, Zhongliang Zhang, Lin Shu, Xiaoming Tao, Xiangmin Xu
Electronic textiles face challenge in fabricating stretchable, double-sided circuits with reliable interfaces. In this study, a double-sided strain sensor array was designed and prepared on an elastic fabric substrate by printing the sensing areas and interconnects using a single identical conductive composite paste. By controlling the viscosity of the printing paste, the conductive tracks on both
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Permeability negative split square resonator for solid materials dielectric constant and aqueous solution pH sensing applications Sens. Actuators A Phys. (IF 4.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-23 Ahmad Musa, Mohammad Lutful Hakim, Touhidul Alam, Mohammad Tariqul Islam, Saeed Alamri, Ahmed S. Alshammari, Mohamed S. Soliman
Metamaterials (MTMs) offer unique electromagnetic properties with wide-ranging applications in microwave sensing. This work introduces a unique approach for non-invasive pH level measurement in aqueous solutions and dielectric properties sensing in solid materials. Mu Negative (MNG) Metamaterial with transmission line and rejection band shifting techniques are utilized for this sensing. The MTM unit
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Achieving giant field-induced strain in BS-modified BNKT lead-free ferroelectric ceramics Sens. Actuators A Phys. (IF 4.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-23 Chang Liu, Min Li, Tianyang Zheng, Tao Zhang, Chongguang Lyu, Yunfei Liu, Yinong Lyu
BiNaTiO-BiKTiO (BNT-BKT) binary systems with the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) are promising candidates for piezoelectric actuators. However, pure BNT-BKT ceramics commonly exhibit unfavorable electric field-induced strain, which is insufficient to meet the requirements for actuator applications. Rare earth-containing dopants have been extensively explored to modify various materials due to their
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A correction method of magnetic gradient tensor system to improve magnet localization accuracy Sens. Actuators A Phys. (IF 4.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-23 Weiren Chen, Haifeng Zhang, Xiaoqian Zhang, Wenshan Lyu, Xiaoming Li, Shengtian Sang
The magnetic gradient tensor systems using vector magnetic sensors are easily affected by single sensor error and sensor array misalignment, significantly affecting target localization accuracy. To address this problem, based on the differential measurement theory of magnetic gradient tensor, a vector sensor error model was established, and the single sensor errors were corrected using the total least
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Estimation of defect depth on plates by eddy-current coil array Sens. Actuators A Phys. (IF 4.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-23 Zihan Xia, Ruochen Huang, Yuchun Shao, Xue Bai, Wuliang Yin
Eddy-current (EC) testing is one of the contactless nondestructive testing techniques that has been frequently applied to evaluate the defects on metallic objects. In this paper, an estimation method of defect depth on metallic plates is proposed based on the approximate analytical model. An EC coil array sensitive to various defect orientation is designed to scan the plate surface. The independent
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High sensitivity, wide range and waterproof strain sensor with inner surface sensing layer for motion detection and gesture reconstruction Sens. Actuators A Phys. (IF 4.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-22 Zhen Yuan, Hao Li, Zaihua Duan, Qi Huang, Mingxiang Zhang, Hangxi Zhang, Jinhong Guo, Yadong Jiang, Huiling Tai
Strain sensors have important applications in the field of wearable electronics, but there are still many challenges in constructing high sensitivity, wide range and waterproof strain sensors using a simple method. In this work, we designed and fabricated a strain sensor with an inner surface sensing layer. Specifically, the strain sensor consists of latex tube elastomer and carbon nanotubes (CNTs)
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Self-powered 4 H-SiC charged particle detector with 1 cm2 sensitive area and 0.63% energy resolution Sens. Actuators A Phys. (IF 4.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-22 L.Y. Liu, A. Liu, S.Y. He, X.P. Zhang, F.B. Wang, R.L. Gao, L. Chen, S. Bai, X.P. Ouyang
Silicon carbide (SiC) detector, one of important charged particle detectors with good endurance in high-temperature and harsh-radiation environment, is highly demanded for high energy resolution and large sensitive area, but is hardly to acquire for decades. In this paper, a SiC charged particle detector was fabricated using high-quality homogenous epitaxial 4 H-SiC wafer with thickness of 150 μm and
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Dynamic modeling and experimental study of multi-coil composite core energy harvester Sens. Actuators A Phys. (IF 4.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-22 Guozheng Li, Xianwen Zhang, Shuqiang Su
To improve the output performance and working bandwidth of the magnetic levitation energy harvester, a new structure of multi-coil composite core energy harvester was proposed and verified by numerical simulation and experiment. Firstly, the working mechanism of the energy harvester was analyzed. The dynamics model and COMSOL Multiphysics finite element analysis model were established to study the
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Experimental demonstration of the electrostatic induction and contact electrification for the ventilator-like of rotary nanogeneration Sens. Actuators A Phys. (IF 4.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-22 Ching Yuan Ho, Chia-Yu Tsai
A fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) ring tube embedded in the bottom of ventilator to harvest additionally mechanical energy is introduced for hybrid inductive/triboelectric nanogenerator (H-TENG). First, charging glass bead moving closed to acrylic plane has distinctly identified for inductive polarities. Relationships between the moving speed on bead, charging bead amount and bead material with
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Synergistic Effects of rGO Functionalization in Nanocomposite-Based Triboelectric Nanogenerators for Enhanced Energy Harvesting Sens. Actuators A Phys. (IF 4.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-20 V.L. Yashaswini, S.M. Rumana Farheen, B.P. Mahadevaswamy, B.S. Madhukar, M.A. Sangamesha, S Krishnaveni
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Synthesis and characterization of zinc basic salt–loaded PVA-PEI polymeric composite for antimicrobial activity and triboelectric nanogenerator applications Sens. Actuators A Phys. (IF 4.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-20 Alemtsehay Tesfay Reda, Teklebrahan Gebrekrstos Weldemhret, Jae Yeon Park, Seungeun Lim, Nebiyou Tadesse Debele, Shin Sik Choi, Chungyeon Cho, Yong Tae Park
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Xanthan gum toughen ionically conductive hydrogels for flexible and artificial epidermis sensors with multifunctionality and self-healability Sens. Actuators A Phys. (IF 4.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-20 Muhammad Sher, Luqman Ali Shah, Latafat Ara, Rafi Ullah, Mansoor Khan, Hyeong-Min Yoo, Jun Fu
Conductive hydrogels that possess hydrophobic interaction have gained much attention in fields like strain sensors, soft robotics, tissue engineering, human-machine interaction, and biomedical sensors due to their excellent stretchability and effective energy dissipation mechanism. However, their use is limited due to poor mechanical performance, low sensing ability, lack of response time, and deficiency
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Wide-bandwidth immersion ultrasound transducer made of Mn:PIMNT single crystal/epoxy 1–3 composite Sens. Actuators A Phys. (IF 4.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-20 Yanbing Xu, Ke Zhu, Enwei Sun, Jinpeng Ma, Yilei Li, Huashan Zheng, Rui Zhang, Bin Yang, Wenwu Cao
The sensitivity and bandwidth of immersion ultrasound transducer directly determine the echo signal intensity and axial resolution of the immersion ultrasonic testing (IUT) equipment. The active piezoelectric material, which is the core part of the transducer, usually operates in a thickness-stretching vibrational mode. Hence, it is necessary for piezoelectric materials to possess high piezoelectric
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Electromechanical performance of flexible sensor based on 3D printed biomimetic all-PDMS-coated multistage structure: Toward kinesiology monitoring and human-machine interaction Sens. Actuators A Phys. (IF 4.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-17 Xiaohui Guo, Chengchao Jin, Xianghui Li, Anqi Zhang, Weiqiang Hong, Zihao Yan, Xinyi Zhang, Shuting Yu, Shuhang Yu, Huishan Zhang, Xu Zhu, Heng Zong, Yan Du, Haochen Lu, Yunong Zhao, Yaohua Xu
Flexible pressure sensors have become a research hotspot in human-computer interaction, and health applications because of their lightweight, high sensitivity, and easy integration. Traditional single microstructure sensors cannot meet the demands of low detection limit, high sensitivity, or expansive detection range in the current application environment. This paper proposes an all-PDMS-coated multi-stage
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Centrifuge tube-based SERS Sensor on Heterogenous Dimers of Plasmonic Coupling as a Microreactor for Ultrasensitive SERS Sensing Pesticide Residues in Environmental Water Sens. Actuators A Phys. (IF 4.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-16 Ton Nu Quynh Trang, Nguyen Tran Gia Bao, Lam Quang Vinh, Vu Thi Hanh Thu
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A high-performance infrared photoacoustic sensor with improved low-frequency response microphone Sens. Actuators A Phys. (IF 4.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-16 Fugeng Wu, Ziheng Li, Tao Wang, Wanli Zhang
Infrared photoacoustic gas sensors with the advantages of good selectivity, low interference, fast response speed, good stability, high accuracy, good explosion-proof performance, high signal-to-noise ratio, and long service life, have developed rapidly in recent years. In order to solve the problem of poor low-frequency response performance of the MEMS piezoelectric thin film microphone sensor prepared
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Corrigendum to “Dual magnet solenoid actuator: Basic concept and theory” [Sens. Actuators: A Phys. 368 (2024) 115129] Sens. Actuators A Phys. (IF 4.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-16 Seo Jun Bae, Seon Jun Lee, Do Jin Im
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Modeling and design of a SMA self-actuating bistable beam Sens. Actuators A Phys. (IF 4.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-16 Yuhang Zhang, Xiaoyong Zhang, Jun Jiang, Qiang Zhang, Yuanzi Zhou
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Optofluidic-Based Deformability Cytometry: Characterizing Erythrocyte Elasticity and Assessing Storage Quality Sens. Actuators A Phys. (IF 4.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-15 Yuxin Mao, Songlin Li, Rui Liu, Can Zhang, Xinyuan Tan, Zhensheng Zhong, Yi Wang, Jinhua Zhou
Erythrocyte elasticity is an inherent, label-free marker for both physiological and pathological changes in erythrocytes, serving as a criterion for assessing the quality and suitability of stored blood. Although varieties of cell elasticity measurement techniques have been proposed, a small sample, non-contact, and continuous method is still in need. This article introduces an optofluidic-based deformability
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The adsorption effect on chemical kinetics at the reaction surface in a microfluidic channel of a biosensor for the SARS-Cov-2 detection Sens. Actuators A Phys. (IF 4.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-15 Yosra Saad, Mohamed Bouzid, Marwa Selmi, Mohamed Hichem Gazzah, Ahmed Mansour Almansour, Amira Yahia Boshra, Sofiene Mohamed Habib Mansouri, Hafedh Belmabrouk
The global impact of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus has brought about significant changes in the lives of people worldwide, affecting societies and economies. Consequently, there is a growing need to explore the field of research focused on developing wearable sensors capable of continuously monitoring the presence of viruses in the environment. In this particular study, we simulated
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Fabrication of elastic tensile fuses based on the curing ratio and temperature for an emergency alarm system Sens. Actuators A Phys. (IF 4.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-15 Jaebum Sung, Keuntae Baek, Hongyun So
This study presents a method for fabricating elastic tensile fuses using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). The fuses are created by exploiting the variations in the physical properties of PDMS under different curing conditions. The curing temperature sequence primarily influences the bonding strength at the interface with PDMS, whereas the curing ratio sequence contributes to the differences in bonding
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Fabrication of a sensor based on the FDM-printed CNT/PA6 dielectric layer with Hilbert fractal microstructure Sens. Actuators A Phys. (IF 4.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-15 Leipeng Yang, Yuping Wang, Yuan Xiao, Guojun Zhang, Baisong Pan, Shujuan Li, Jiquan Li, Dajing Gao, Yilei Wang
The advancements of fused deposition modeling (FDM) technology have been hindered by the limited variety of available materials, subpar mechanical properties, and inadequate functionality of FDM-produced components. This work involved the development of carbon nanotube (CNT)/polyamide 6 (PA6) filaments, and their thermal behaviors were meticulously examined, laying the groundwork for the FDM process
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Enhanced performance CdZnTe single crystal with few surface damages via solution based annealing Sens. Actuators A Phys. (IF 4.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-13 Zhe Huang, Siyuan Wu, Baishan Chen, Yunzhu Ma, Siwei Tang, Wensheng Liu
In this study, heat treatments were employed using a CdCl solution as the annealing medium to investigate the evolution of internal defects and photoelectric properties of CdZnTe crystals. It was observed that CdCl crystals formed on the surface of the annealed crystals, and their size increased exponentially with prolonged annealing time. It could be a medium for Cl transport. The liquid-phase annealing
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Design and implementation of a temperature-insensitive heterogeneous resonant magnetic field sensor Sens. Actuators A Phys. (IF 4.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-13 Zijun Huang, Leixiang Bian, Zhan Xu, Yuntao Zhang
A heterogeneous resonant magnetic field sensor is developed by using a FeGa plate, a quartz crystal double-ended tuning fork (DETF) resonator and a sapphire crystal plate. The double ends of the DETF are bonded to the ends of the magnetostrictive FeGa thin plate through two spacers, forming a resonant magnetic sensitive element. The C-cut sapphire crystal plate as a temperature compensation layer is
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A novel magnetic actuated ultra-clean poppet valve and its dynamic characteristics analysis Sens. Actuators A Phys. (IF 4.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-13 Mingxiao Liu, Liang Hu, Rui Su, Xiaodong Ruan
The liquid delivery in the semiconductor process is highly protected against leakage and contamination. To avoid the dynamic sealing points in valves, a novel ultra-clean poppet valve driven by permanent magnets is proposed. To reduce the risk of instability due to the lack of a fixed connection structure, static and dynamic characteristic analyses of the valve poppet needs to be carried out. However
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TiO2-ZnO Composite thin films fabricated by Sol-Gel spin coating for room temperature impedometric acetone sensing Sens. Actuators A Phys. (IF 4.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-13 Muthukumar Murugesan, S.R. Meher
Metal oxide semiconductor based volatile organic compounds (VOCs) sensors lack room temperature operation and have a poor limit of detection. In this work, TiO-ZnO composite thin film based acetone sensors with room temperature (29 ± 2 °C) operation and good sensor response have been fabricated by sol-gel based spin coating. The thin films based on the single-phase TiO and ZnO together with their composites
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Investigation of novel two-dimensional B2CO monolayer and its high sensing performance in detecting nitrogen-containing gases: A combined density functional theory calculation and non-equilibrium Green's function study Sens. Actuators A Phys. (IF 4.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-13 Yu-Tang Chen, Chen-Hao Yeh
Two-dimensional (2D) materials have attracted widespread attention because of their excellent optical and electrical properties and have been extensively studied as gas sensors. A new type of 2D material, the BCO monolayer, has recently been reported to possess significant structural, energetic, and thermodynamic stability. In this study, density functional theory (DFT) was used to explore the sensing
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Precise control of magnetic soft microrobot in flowing environment Sens. Actuators A Phys. (IF 4.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-13 Deqing Huang, Zichen Xu, Xuanyu An, Weihao Wang, Jingkang Xia, Tao Meng
Microrobots have demonstrated attractive advantages for biomedical use, ranging from cargo delivery to invasive therapies. However, it remains a challenge to develop a universal control method for various microrobots to guarantee the precision of microrobot-based executions and further spread their applications. Herein, we propose an iterative learning control (ILC) method that can achieve precise
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Vibration and force properties of an actuator formed from a piezoelectric stack within a frame structure Sens. Actuators A Phys. (IF 4.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-12 Xishan Jiang, Ning Wang, Ming Jin, Jing Zheng, Jie Pan
This paper examines the vibration and force properties of an actuator formed from a piezoelectric stack within a frame structure. Such configuration avoids the use of the traditional “earth-connected” support and allows the convenient attachment of the actuator to structures, such as power transformer tanks. The steady-state sensitivity of the actuator is analyzed, which comprised a linear frequency
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Implementation of the Inverse Problem for On-chip PCR Diagnostics with Rapid and Precise Thermal Cycling Sens. Actuators A Phys. (IF 4.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-12 Saeed Shoaee, Iman Amani Tehrani, Fatemeh Ahmadi, Mojtaba Taghipoor
Microfluidic devices have emerged as a promising platform for point-of-care biological analysis, including PCR-based molecular diagnostics. However, the multi-layer characteristics of existing microfluidic chips introduce significant thermal inertia, resulting in temperature disparities between the PCR mixture and the heating element. This issue poses a substantial obstacle to the efficient and accurate
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Development of a Microfluidic Device for the Dual Detection and Quantification of Ammonia and Urea from the Blood Serum Sens. Actuators A Phys. (IF 4.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-12 K S Deepak, Aniket Balapure, P Ramya Priya, P Sai Kumar, Satish Kumar Dubey, Arshad Javed, Samit Chattopadhyay, Sanket Goe
The concoction of microfluidics and IoT to realize Point-of-Care (PoC) diagnostic devices have become of great interest in the present world. Urea is the biomarker for diseases such as pre-eclampsia, hepatic encephalopathy, chronic renal failure, hepatocellular carcinoma, different types of cancers, various kinds of viral infections, etc. Ammonia is associated with parkinsonism, muscle wasting, sarcopenia
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High performance SPR sensor using 2-D materials: A treatise on design aspects, material choice and figure of merit Sens. Actuators A Phys. (IF 4.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-12 Astha Bansal, Sachin K. Srivastava
2D material-based surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors have piqued attention of the researchers due to their enhanced sensitivity. The performance characteristics of a 2D material-based SPR sensor in angular and spectral interrogation were extensively studied using simulations in this work. The performance parameters were studied with various existing configurations and a new design using Cu with
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Micromechanical gyroscope temperature compensation based on combined LSTM-SVM-DBN algorithm Sens. Actuators A Phys. (IF 4.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-12 Mujiao Ouyang, Jilin Gao, Ao Li, Xiaoguo Zhang, Chong Shen, Huiliang Cao
To address the effect of temperature, we establish a temperature compensation model for gyroscope output signal using long short-term memory network (LSTM), support vector machine (SVM), and depth belief network (DBN). We develop a denoising algorithm using variational mode decomposition (VMD), and sampling entropy (SE) to eliminate the influence of factors other than temperature on the MEMS gyroscope
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Additive fabrication of pressure sensitive material for flexible pressure sensor and its characteristics Sens. Actuators A Phys. (IF 4.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-12 Chae Young Park, Ho-Chan Kim, In Hwan Lee
The increasing interest in wearable devices and healthcare has sparked significant advancements in the development of flexible sensors for various applications. In this study, we present the fabrication and characterization of a flexible pressure sensor utilizing a three-dimensional structure of pressure sensitive material, fabricated through a layer-by-layer process. The aim of this research is to
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A novel TMR sensor based on digital lock-in amplifier technology for portable oil multipollutant detection system Sens. Actuators A Phys. (IF 4.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-12 Xiaoxi He, Yuying Li, Zhiqiang Meng, Liuyu Lin, Dihu Chen, Mu-Shui Zhang, Zixin Wang
Metal particles identification in lubrication oil has become a popular technology to perform the fault diagnosis and health monitoring of machinery equipment. Unfortunately, the magnetic signals induced by particles are generally weak or even submerged in heavy noise. The sensitivity of conventional inductive sensors for detecting non-ferrous particles can still be improved to better distinguish between
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Optical trapping using mode-locked fiber laser Au-NP coated side-polished fiber Sens. Actuators A Phys. (IF 4.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-10 N.N.H.E.N. Mahmud, N.A. Awang, R. Abdul Kahar, M.N.H.M. Tajudin, N.U.H.H. Zulkefli
We introduce a new technique for manipulating silica gel particles suspended in a water-based solution using a stable mode-locked fiber laser (MDFL). We coated a side-polished fiber (SPF) with Au-NP which acts as a saturable absorber (SA). A stable MDFL was achieved at an operating wavelength of 1557.8 nm and a repetition rate of 60.8 MHz. The optical trapping of sub-micrometer-sized silica gel particles
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Novel electronic skin based on PPy@PU nonwoven for strain sensing, photothermal and electrothermal applications Sens. Actuators A Phys. (IF 4.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-10 Yijun Fu, Han Zuo, Jiahao Liu, Yaling He, Wei Zhang, Dawei Li
In order to develop multifunctional textiles with electrical, sensing and thermal properties, a flexible electronic skin based on polypyrrole modified polyurethane (PPy@PU) nonwovens was prepared by in situ polymerization on polyurethane (PU) nonwovens. The deposition of PPy was confirmed by the characterizations of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and Fourier
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Fluorescence thermography based on smartphone and its application in defect inspection Sens. Actuators A Phys. (IF 4.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-10 Lubiao Wang, Weiwei Zhang, Linfang Wu, Xueping Song, Feng Li, Yanjun Fu, Ming Bai
Thermography can be used for nondestructive detection of surface and subsurface defects in objects. Generally, thermal images are recorded with an infrared imager. However, infrared imager cannot work accurately when the inspected surface has a high reflectivity. This paper proposes a fluorescence thermography method in visible light range based on a smartphone, with a principle of fluorescence integral
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Sensitivity enhancement of ultraviolet sensors utilizing 80-μm-diameter fiber Bragg gratings coated with azobenzene polymer Sens. Actuators A Phys. (IF 4.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-10 Hanmam Kang, Youngmin Ko, Jongju Moon, Jungmin Seo, Tae-Jung Ahn
This study presents an advanced fiber Bragg grating (FBG) ultraviolet (UV) sensor utilizing an 80-μm single mode fiber (SMF) with a UV-reactive azobenzene polymer coating. We circumvent the conventional hazardous hydrofluoric acid etching process for FBG diameter reduction, yielding low reproducibility and compromised fiber robustness. Instead, our method employs a thinner SMF to enhance strain sensitivity
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Machine learning as a new strategy for designing surface acoustic wave resonators Sens. Actuators A Phys. (IF 4.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-10 Xinjie Li, Zhangbin Ji, Jian Zhou, Yihao Guo, Yahui He, Jinbo Zhang, Yongqing Fu
Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) technology has been widely applied in the fields such as communication and sensing. The performance of SAW devices is significantly influenced by designs of their key component, Interdigital Transducers (IDTs), and thus Coupling of Modes (COM) theory has been used as one of the most employed design tools for SAW devices due to its fast computational speed. Accuracy of this