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Unveiling Cellular Diversity in the Buffalo Corneal Stroma: Insights into Telocytes and Keratocytes Using Light Microscope, Transmission Electron Microscope, and Immunofluorescence Analysis. Microsc. Microanal. (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2023-11-22 Ahmed M Rashwan,Mohamed A M Alsafy,Samir A A El-Gendy,Ahmed A El-Mansi,Samar M Ez Elarab
Telocytes and keratocytes are important cells that maintain the structure and function of the cornea. The buffalo cornea, known for its resilience in harsh conditions, has not been extensively studied regarding the presence and role of telocytes and keratocytes. We used light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and immunofluorescence assays with platelet-derived growth factor receptor
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Morphology of the Female and Male Reproductive Tracts and More Data on the Spermatostyle in the Brazilian Gyretes sp. (Coleoptera, Adephaga, Gyrinidae). Microsc. Microanal. (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2023-11-22 Karen Salazar,Ademária Novais,José Lino-Neto,José Eduardo Serrão
We investigated the male and female reproductive tracts of Gyretes sp. with light and transmission electron microscopies. The male has a pair of testes with a single coiled follicle, followed by short efferent ducts, which have a similar shape and diameter to the testes. Long ducts (epididymides) with differential epithelium open in a pair of long vasa deferentia that lead to the accessory glands.
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MATLAB-Based Algorithm and Software for Analysis of Wavy Collagen Fibers. Microsc. Microanal. (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2023-11-22 Stanislav Polzer,Sarah Thompson,Swathi Vittalbabu,Arzu Ulu,David Carter,Tara Nordgren,Mona Eskandari
Knowledge of soft tissue fiber structure is necessary for accurate characterization and modeling of their mechanical response. Fiber configuration and structure informs both our understanding of healthy tissue physiology and of pathological processes resulting from diseased states. This study develops an automatic algorithm to simultaneously estimate fiber global orientation, abundance, and waviness
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Characterization of the Small Intestine in the Southern White-breasted Hedgehog (Erinaceus concolor) Using Histological, Histochemical, Immunohistochemical, and Scanning Electron Microscopic Techniques. Microsc. Microanal. (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2023-11-16 Diaa Massoud,Maged Fouda,Fayez Shaldoum,Barakat M Alrashdi,Mervat Ahmed AbdRabou,Soha A Soliman,Hanan H Abd-Elhafeez,Mervat Hassan,Mohamed Abumandour
The present study was designed to investigate the microscopic features of the small intestine in the southern white-breasted hedgehog (Erinaceus concolor). The histochemical profile of the small intestine was investigated using periodic acid Schiff (PAS), alcian blue (AB, pH 2.5), and aldehyde fuchsin. The expression of SOX9 was also evaluated immunohistochemically, and the detailed morphology of intestinal
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SIRT3 Regulates Levels of Deacetylated SOD2 to Prevent Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Dysfunction During Oocyte Maturation in Pigs. Microsc. Microanal. (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2023-11-15 Le Jiao,Chen-Xi Hu,Yue Zhang,Ying-Xin Zhang,Wen-Wu Cai,Wen-Lin Pan,Shao-Chen Sun,Yu Zhang
Mammalian oocyte maturation relies on mitochondrial ATP production, but this can lead to damaging reactive oxygen species (ROS). SIRT3, a mitochondrial sirtuin, plays a critical role in regulating mitochondrial redox balance in mouse oocytes under stress; however, its specific roles in porcine oocytes remain unclear. In this study, we utilized the SIRT3 inhibitor 3-TYP to investigate SIRT3's importance
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SARS-CoV-2 Causes Brain Damage: Therapeutic Intervention with AZD8797. Microsc. Microanal. (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2023-11-15 Elif Kervancioglu Demirci,Engin Alp Onen,Erva Sevic Yilmaz,Ayca Karagoz Koroglu,Dilek Akakin
Elevated CX3CL1 is associated with severe COVID-19 and neurologic symptoms. We aimed to investigate the potential protective effects of selective CX3CR1 antagonist AZD8797 on SARS-CoV-2-induced neuronal damage, and to identify the underlying mechanisms. K18-hACE2 transgenic mice (n = 37) were randomly divided into control groups and SARS-CoV-2 groups, with and without intraperitoneal administration
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Lipids and Proteins Differentiation in Membrane Fouling Using Heavy Metal Staining and Electron Microscopy at Cryogenic Temperatures. Microsc. Microanal. (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2023-11-15 Hélène Roberge,Philippe Moreau,Estelle Couallier,Patricia Abellan
The detailed characterization of fouling in membranes is essential to understand any observed improvement or reduction on filtration performance. Electron microscopy allows detailed structural characterization, and its combination with labeling techniques, using electron-dense probes, typically allows for the differentiation of biomolecules. Developing specific protocols that allow for differentiation
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Automated Grain Boundary Detection for Bright-Field Transmission Electron Microscopy Images via U-Net. Microsc. Microanal. (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2023-11-15 Matthew J Patrick,James K Eckstein,Javier R Lopez,Silvia Toderas,Sarah A Asher,Sylvia I Whang,Stacey Levine,Jeffrey M Rickman,Katayun Barmak
Quantification of microstructures is crucial for understanding processing-structure and structure-property relationships in polycrystalline materials. Delineating grain boundaries in bright-field transmission electron micrographs, however, is challenging due to complex diffraction contrast in images. Conventional edge detection algorithms are inadequate; instead, manual tracing is usually required
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Statistical Comparison of Substructures in Pure Aluminum Before and After Creep Deformation, Based on EBSD Image Data. Microsc. Microanal. (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2023-11-10 Philipp Rieder,Lukas Petrich,Itziar Serrano-Munoz,Ricardo Fernández,Giovanni Bruno,Volker Schmidt
Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) images of extruded pure aluminum were statistically analyzed to investigate creep-induced subgrain structures after applying two different levels of creep stress, corresponding to the power law (PL) and power-law breakdown (PLB) regimes. Kernel average misorientation analysis of EBSD measurements revealed 2D morphologies, which were subdivided by a multi-step
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Quantification of Unsupported Thin-Film X-ray Spectra Using Bulk Standards. Microsc. Microanal. (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2023-11-09 Nicholas W M Ritchie,Andrew Herzing,Vladimir P Oleshko
A quantification model which uses standard X-ray spectra collected from bulk materials to determine the composition and mass thickness of single-layer and multilayer unsupported thin films is presented. The multivariate model can be iteratively solved for single layers in which each element produces at least one visible characteristic X-ray line. The model can be extended to multilayer thin films in
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Imaging Threading Dislocations and Surface Steps in Nitride Thin Films Using Electron Backscatter Diffraction. Microsc. Microanal. (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2023-11-08 Kieran P Hiller,Aimo Winkelmann,Ben Hourahine,Bohdan Starosta,Aeshah Alasmari,Peng Feng,Tao Wang,Peter J Parbrook,Vitaly Z Zubialevich,Sylvia Hagedorn,Sebastian Walde,Markus Weyers,Pierre-Marie Coulon,Philip A Shields,Jochen Bruckbauer,Carol Trager-Cowan
Extended defects, like threading dislocations, are detrimental to the performance of optoelectronic devices. In the scanning electron microscope, dislocations are traditionally imaged using diodes to monitor changes in backscattered electron intensity as the electron beam is scanned over the sample, with the sample positioned so the electron beam is at, or close to the Bragg angle for a crystal plane/planes
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Three-dimensional Element-by-element Surface Topography Reconstruction of Compound Samples Using Multisegment Silicon Drift Detectors. Microsc. Microanal. (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2023-11-07 Ebrahim Gholami Hatam,Primož Pelicon,Esther Punzón-Quijorna,Mitja Kelemen,Primož Vavpetič
Elemental surface topography information in microscopic material characterization contributes to a better understanding of surfaces, interfaces, substrates, and their applications. Here, a general approach based on microbeam proton-induced X-ray emission (micro-PIXE) to reconstruct the three-dimensional (3D) elemental surface topography using the annular multisegment silicon drift detector has been
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Evaluation of Electron Tomography Capabilities for Shale Imaging. Microsc. Microanal. (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2023-11-06 Laura Frouté,Emeric Boigné,Isabelle C Jolivet,Eric Chaput,Patrice Creux,Matthias Ihme,Anthony R Kovscek
Despite the advantageous resolution of electron tomography (ET), reconstruction of three-dimensional (3D) images from multiple two-dimensional (2D) projections presents several challenges, including small signal-to-noise ratios, and a limited projection range. This study evaluates the capabilities of ET for thin sections of shale, a complex nanoporous medium. A numerical phantom with 1.24 nm pixel
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Exploring the Potential of a Thermionic LaB6 Virtual Source Mode Electron Gun for a High Angular Current Density and a Narrow Energy Distribution. Microsc. Microanal. (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2023-10-19 Ha Rim Lee,Junhyeok Hwang,Takashi Ogawa,Jisoo Kim,Jeong-Woong Lee,Haewon Jung,Dal-Jae Yun,Sangsun Lee,In-Yong Park
To date, lanthanum hexaboride (LaB6) thermionic electron sources have not been able fully to capitalize on their inherent potential, resulting in an ambiguous position within the application area. Although they exhibit higher brightness compared with a tungsten filament source, they still fall short of the performance of Schottky electron sources. This study aims to explore the capabilities of the
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In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy Study of Bubble Behavior Near the Surface of Ice Crystals by Using a Liquid Cell With a Peltier Cooling Holder. Microsc. Microanal. (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2023-10-18 Tomoya Yamazaki,Yuga Yashima,Hiroyasu Katsuno,Hiroya Miyazaki,Takashi Gondo,Yuki Kimura
Liquid cell transmission electron microscopy (LC-TEM) is a unique technique that permits in situ observations of various phenomena in liquids with high spatial and temporal resolutions. One difficulty with this technique is the control of the environmental conditions in the observation area. Control of the temperature ranging from room temperature to minus several tens of degrees Celsius, is desirable
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ZAFG Method for Quantitative Characterization of Spherical Particles: Deriving a Universal Equation for Geometrical Correction. Microsc. Microanal. (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2023-10-18 Seyed Mahmoud Bayazid,Nicolas Brodusch,Nicolas Dumaresq,Raynald Gauvin
This study introduces a universal equation to calculate the geometrical correction factor (G) as the fourth factor in the conventional ZAF method for quantifying spherical particles (specifically, NIST-K411 glass microspheres mounted on bulk carbon substrate). Note that the fluorescence correction factor (F) is not considered in this study. Our findings demonstrate that the G factor, as a function
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Beam Effects on Atomic Dynamics in Metallic Glasses Studied With Electron Correlation Microscopy. Microsc. Microanal. (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2023-10-18 Olivia Vaerst,Gerhard Wilde,Martin Peterlechner
Electron correlation microscopy (ECM) is used to investigate atomic dynamics in metallic glasses (MG) close to metastable equilibrium. It temporally correlates diffracted intensities of a time series of dark-field images to deduce a metric for structural decays. The measurement parameters, such as time and temperature, must be chosen according to the material of interest. In this work, ECM was extended
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Optical Measurement of the Stoichiometry of Thin-Film Compounds Synthetized From Multilayers: Example of Cu(In,Ga)Se2. Microsc. Microanal. (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2023-10-18 Ricardo G Poeira,Daniel Siopa,Pedro Anacleto,Sascha Sadewasser,Phillip J Dale
The properties of centimeter-sized thin-film compound semiconductors depend upon the morphology and chemical composition of the multiple submicrometer-thick elemental and alloy precursor layers from which they are synthesized. The challenge is to characterize the individual precursor layers over these length scales during a multistep synthesis without altering or contaminating them. Conventional electron
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Investigation of the Efficacy of Lanthanoid Heavy Metal Acetates as Electron Staining Reagents for Biomembrane Vesicles. Microsc. Microanal. (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2023-10-13 Noriyuki Ishii,Takayuki Odahara
Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) has revolutionized our understanding of protein structures by enabling atomic-resolution visualization without the need for crystallography, thanks to advancements in cryo-TEM and single particle analysis methods. However, conventional electron microscopy remains relevant for studying stained samples, as it allows the practical determination of optimal conditions
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Effect of Liraglutide on Osteoporosis in a Rat Model of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Histological, Immunohistochemical, and Biochemical Study. Microsc. Microanal. (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2023-10-13 Maha Abdelhamid Fathy,Amal Anbaig,Raja Aljafil,Sherein F El-Sayed,Hanim Magdy Abdelnour,Mona Mostafa Ahmed,Eman M A Abdelghany,Sulaiman Mohammed Alnasser,Shaimaa Mohamed Abdelfattah Hassan,Amany Mohamed Shalaby
Diabetic osteoporosis (DOP) is a diabetic complication associated with a significant disability rate. Liraglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, is a promising and innovative drug for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), with potential therapeutic implications for bone disorders. This investigation examined the impact of liraglutide on osteoporosis in rats with T2DM and studied the influence
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Optimizing Exosome Preparation Based on Size and Morphology: Insights From Electron Microscopy. Microsc. Microanal. (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2023-10-13 Noriyuki Ishii,Keiichi Noguchi,Mitsushi J Ikemoto,Masafumi Yohda,Takayuki Odahara
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes, are crucial in intercellular communication, but differentiating between exosomes and microvesicles is challenging due to their similar morphology and size. This study focuses on multivesicular bodies (MVBs), where exosomes mature, and optimizes exosome isolation using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for size information. Considering that EVs
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Histo-morphological Characterization of the Tongue and Oropharyngeal Cavity of the Shining Sunbird (Cinnyris habessinicus). Microsc. Microanal. (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2023-09-29 Ahmed A El-Mansi,Mohamed A Al-Kahtani,Hend Alshahrani,Esam H Ibrahim,Amin Al-Doaiss,Hanan H Abd-Elhafeez,Soha A Soliman,Ramadan Taha,Eman ElBealy
Sunbirds, as specialized nectarivores, have developed multiple lingual and oropharyngeal peculiarities imposed by this dietary specialization that particularly extract floral nectar. We have described the functional morphology of the tongues and palates of the shining sunbird, Cinnyris habessinicus, using gross anatomical, histological, and scanning electron microscopic methods. The tongue was bifurcated
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Element Depletion Due to Missing Boundary Fluorescence in Electron Probe Microanalysis: The Case of Ni in Olivine. Microsc. Microanal. (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2023-09-29 Xavier Llovet,Maxim Gavrilenko,Valentina G Batanova,Alexander V Sobolev
Secondary fluorescence (SF) is known to be a potential source of error in electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) when analyzing for a trace or minor element near a phase boundary. This often overlooked effect leads to a concentration enhancement whenever the neighboring phase contains a high concentration of the analyzed element. Here we show that SF may also lead to a concentration decrease, which can
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Characterizing Two New Henneguya Species in the Respiratory Organs of African Sharptooth Catfish. Microsc. Microanal. (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2023-09-29 Walaa F A Emeish,Marwa M Fawaz,Nermean M Hussein,Zeinab Al-Amgad,Hanan H Abd-ElHafeez,Catrin Sian Rutland,Karima A Bakry
Henneguya species are myxozoans, a suborder of Cnidaria, which can affect the gills and extrarespiratory organs of the African sharptooth catfish, Clarias gariepinus. This research describes natural infection-induced histological alterations caused by the Henneguya species present. The Henneguya species were also identified molecularly using DNA sequenced from infected tissue cysts, and phylogenetically
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Morphological Characterization of the Antennal Sensilla of the Legume Pod Borer, Maruca vitrata (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). Microsc. Microanal. (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2023-09-29 Shashank Pathour Rajendra,Abalavadi Thammaiah Rani,Salam Rita Devi,Naresh Manohar Meshram
Maruca vitrata (Fabricius) is an important lepidopteran pest of legumes in the tropics and subtropics. Here, we studied the ultrastructural organization of its antennal sense organs using scanning electron microscopy. The antennae of both sexes of M. vitrata were filiform with the number of flagellar segments varying from 72 to 84. Nine major morphological types of sensilla were observed on male and
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Cellular Evidence for Telocytes Mediating Electroacupuncture to Ameliorate Obesity in Mice. Microsc. Microanal. (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2023-09-29 Lu Mei,Qianmei Zhu,Xuebing Bai,Yingxin Zhang,Haixiang Huang,Min Yang,Yonghong Shi,Chunhua Liang,Zhenwei Zhang,Qiusheng Chen
Electroacupuncture has been generally applied to target obesity, the principle of which is based on the meridian in traditional Chinese medicine. Although Telocytes (TCs) have been reported as the potential essence of meridians, their specific role in the electroacupuncture treatment of obesity remains unclear. Thus, we investigated the cellular evidence for TC-mediated electroacupuncture to alleviate
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Immunohistochemical Analysis of Olfactory Sensory Neuron Populations in the Developing Olfactory Organ of the Guppy, Poecilia reticulata (Cyprinodontiformes, Poecilidae). Microsc. Microanal. (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2023-09-29 Simone Bettini,Maurizio Lazzari,Liliana Milani,Maria Gabriella Maurizii,Valeria Franceschini
Olfaction is fundamental for sensing environmental chemicals and has obvious adaptive advantages. In fish, the peripheral olfactory organ is composed of lamellae in which the olfactory mucosa contains three main categories of olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) as follows: ciliated (cOSNs), microvillous (mOSNs), and crypt cells. We studied the appearance of these different OSNs during development of Poecilia
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Authentication and Quality Control of the Brazilian Traditional Herb "Espinheira-Santa" (Monteverdia ilicifolia) by Morpho-Anatomy and Microscopy. Microsc. Microanal. (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2023-09-29 Kevin A Antunes,Luciane M Monteiro,Valter P Almeida,Irailson T Monchak,Wilmer H Perera,Gustavo Heiden,Ernestino S G Guarino,Vera L P Santos,Paulo V Farago,Vijayasankar Raman,Ikhlas A Khan,Jane Manfron
The leaves of Monteverdia ilicifolia (syn. Maytenus ilicifolia), commonly called espinheira-santa, are widely used in South American traditional medicines to treat gastritis and ulcers. Several products labeled as espinheira-santa are sold as dietary supplements in retail stores and via e-commerce. Many different species with similar leaf morphology are often mistaken for Monteverdia ilicifolia and
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Structural Identification and Observation of Dose Rate-Dependent Beam-Induced Structural Changes of Micro- and Nanoplastic Particles by Pair Distribution Function Analysis in the Transmission Electron Microscope (ePDF). Microsc. Microanal. (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2023-09-29 Christian Rohner,Christoph Pratsch,Robert Schlögl,Thomas Lunkenbein
Micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs) are considered a possible threat to microorganisms in the aquatic environment. Here, we show that total scattering intensity analysis of electron diffraction (ED) data measured by transmission electron microscopy, which yields the electron pair distribution function (ePDF), is a feasible method for the characterization and identification of MNPs down to 100 nm. To demonstrate
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Using Focused Ion Beam Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry to Depth Profile Nanoparticles in Polymer Nanocomposites. Microsc. Microanal. (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2023-09-29 Aria C Zhang,Shawn M Maguire,Jamie T Ford,Russell J Composto
Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) is a versatile surface-sensitive technique for characterizing both hard and soft matter. Its chemical and molecular specificity, high spatial resolution, and superior sensitivity make it an ideal method for depth profiling polymeric systems, including those comprised of both inorganic and organic constituents (i.e., polymer nanocomposites, PNCs)
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Correlative Atomic Force Microscopy and Raman Spectroscopy in Acid Erosion of Dentin. Microsc. Microanal. (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2023-09-29 Bryant L Doss,Jakub A Konkol,Yangxi Liu,Tatiana V Brinzari,Long Pan
Physical properties and chemical composition are fundamentally defining and interconnected surface characteristics. However, few techniques are able to capture both in a correlative fashion at the same sample location and orientation. This is especially important for complex materials such as dentin, which is an inner tooth structure and is a heterogeneous, composite inorganic-organic material with
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The Dark Side of Artificial Intelligence: The Possible Risk of Falsifying Images for Scientific Articles. Microsc. Microanal. (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2023-09-29 Piero Antonio Zecca,Reguzzoni Marcella,Brambilla Andrea,Protasoni Marina,Borgese Marina,Raspanti Mario
This article explores the potential risks associated with using artificial intelligence (AI)-generated images in the field of microscopy. It discusses the current state-of-the-art AI-based image-generation techniques and their limitations. It investigates the potential risks associated with the illegal use of AI-generated images, including their use in creating falsified scientific data and the consequences
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Challenges of Electron Correlation Microscopy on Amorphous Silicon and Amorphous Germanium. Microsc. Microanal. (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2023-09-29 Dražen Radić,Martin Peterlechner,Katharina Spangenberg,Matthias Posselt,Hartmut Bracht
Electron correlation microscopy experiments were conducted on amorphous germanium (a-Ge) and amorphous silicon (a-Si) with the goal to study self-diffusion. For this purpose, a series of tilted dark-field images were acquired during in situ heating of the samples in a transmission electron microscope. These experiments show that the measurements are greatly affected by artefacts. Contamination, crystallization
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3D X-ray Histology for the Investigation of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy in a Mouse Model. Microsc. Microanal. (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2023-09-29 Griffin Rodgers,Christos Bikis,Philipp Janz,Christine Tanner,Georg Schulz,Peter Thalmann,Carola A Haas,Bert Müller
The most common form of epilepsy among adults is mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE), with seizures often originating in the hippocampus due to abnormal electrical activity. The gold standard for the histopathological analysis of mTLE is histology, which is a two-dimensional technique. To fill this gap, we propose complementary three-dimensional (3D) X-ray histology. Herein, we used synchrotron radiation-based
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Calbindin Has a Potential Spatiotemporal Correlation with Proliferation and Apoptosis in the Postnatal Rat Kidney. Microsc. Microanal. (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2023-09-29 Sahar F Mahmoud,Yaser H Elewa,Ahmed G Nomir,Ahmed M Rashwan,Ahmed E Noreldin
The protein calbindin-D28k modulates calcium reabsorption in the kidney. Here, we aimed to study the influence of proliferation and apoptosis in different compartments of the kidney on the developmental function of calbindin. Using immunohistochemistry, we investigated the postnatal development of rats' kidneys by using calbindin, proliferative cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and apoptotic single-stranded
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Determination of Light-Induced Deformation Characteristics of the Director Field of Nematic Liquid Crystal by Combining the Methods of Aberrational Self-Action of Light Beam and Polarization Microscopy. Microsc. Microanal. (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2023-09-29 Ivan Budagovsky,Aleksey Kuznetsov,Sergey Shvetsov,Mikhail Smayev,Alexander Zolot'ko
Light-induced director field deformation of a nematic liquid crystal in the field of an obliquely incident laser beam is experimentally studied with aberrational self-action and polarization microscopy. Each of the methods has features associated with the geometry of the light interaction with the director. The combination of methods significantly expands the possibilities of reconstructing the light-induced
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Enhanced Scanning Electron Microscopy Using Auto-Optimized Image Restoration With Constrained Least Squares Filter for Nanoscience. Microsc. Microanal. (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2023-09-29 Junhyeok Hwang,In-Yong Park,Min Kyo Jung,Haewon Jung,Takashi Ogawa
The growing demands of nanoscience require the continuous improvement of visualization methods. The imaging performance of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is fundamentally limited by the point spread function of the electron beam and degrades because of noise. This paper proposes an auto-optimization algorithm based on deconvolution for the restoration of SEM images. This algorithm uses a constrained
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Quercetin Mitigates Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, Apoptosis, and Histopathological Alterations Induced by Chronic Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticle Exposure in the Rat Spleen. Microsc. Microanal. (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2023-09-29 Fatima A Jaber
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nano-TiO2) have become widespread but are accompanied by various health concerns. Quercetin (QT), a naturally occurring flavonoid in fruits and vegetables, exhibits potent antioxidant properties. This research examined the toxic impacts of nano-TiO2 on the structure and function of the spleen in adult male rats and assessed the possible protective effects of QT. A set
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A Retrofittable Photoelectron Gun for Low-Voltage Imaging Applications in the Scanning Electron Microscope. Microsc. Microanal. (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2023-09-29 Frances Quigley,Clive Downing,Cormac McGuinness,Lewys Jones
Low-voltage scanning electron microscopy is a powerful tool for examining surface features and imaging beam-sensitive materials. Improving resolution during low-voltage imaging is then an important area of development. Decreasing the effect of chromatic aberration is one solution to improving the resolution and can be achieved by reducing the energy spread of the electron source. Our approach involves
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Correction to: In-line and Off-axis Electron Holography for the Study of Biological Specimens. Microsc. Microanal. (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2023-09-28
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Changes in Rat Adrenal Cortex and Pineal Gland in Inverted Light-Dark Cycle: A Biochemical, Histological, and Immunohistochemical Study. Microsc. Microanal. (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2023-09-20 Heba A Shawky,Sara Mohamed Naguib Abdel Hafez,Nabil Abdel Kader Hasan,Eman Elbassuoni,Fatma Alzhraa Fouad Abdelbaky,Abdel Hamid Sayed AboBakr
Poor sleep standards are common in everyday life; it is frequently linked to a rise in stress levels. The adrenal gland interacts physiologically with the pineal gland in the stress response. Pineal gland is a small endocrine organ that modulates sleep patterns. This work aimed to evaluate the inverted light-dark cycle rhythm on the histological changes within the adrenal cortex and pineal gland in
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Correction to: Effects of Porosity and Stiffness of Fibroin-based Scaffolds on Osteoblast-like Cell Growth. Microsc. Microanal. (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2023-08-22
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An Improved Average Atomic Number Calculation for Estimating Backscatter and Continuum Production in Compounds. Microsc. Microanal. (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2023-07-25 John Donovan,Andrew Ducharme,Joseph J Schwab,Aurélien Moy,Zack Gainsforth,Benjamin Wade,Benjamin McMorran
It is often assumed that electron backscatter and continuum (bremsstrahlung) productions emitted from electron-solid interactions during X-ray microanalysis in compounds can be extrapolated from pure element observations by means of the assumption of average atomic number, or Z-bar (Z¯). For pure elements the average Z is equal to the atomic number, but this direct approach fails for compounds. The
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InFluence: An Open-Source Python Package to Model Images Captured with Direct Electron Detectors. Microsc. Microanal. (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2023-07-25 Gearóid Liam Mangan,Grigore Moldovan,Andrew Stewart
The high detection efficiencies of direct electron detectors facilitate the routine collection of low fluence electron micrographs and diffraction patterns. Low dose and low fluence electron microscopy experiments are the only practical way to acquire useful data from beam sensitive pharmaceutical and biological materials. Appropriate modeling of low fluence images acquired using direct electron detectors
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Heterogeneity of Signaling Complex Nanostructure in T Cells Activated Via the T Cell Antigen Receptor. Microsc. Microanal. (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2023-07-25 Valarie A Barr,Juan Piao,Lakshmi Balagopalan,Katherine M McIntire,Frederic P Schoenberg,Lawrence E Samelson
Activation of the T cell antigen receptor (TCR) is a key step in initiating the adaptive immune response. Single-molecule localization techniques have been used to investigate the arrangement of proteins within the signaling complexes formed around activated TCRs, but a clear picture of nanoscale organization in stimulated T cells has not emerged. Here, we have improved the examination of T cell nanostructure
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TLR4, MyD88, and TNF-α Expression in the Lungs of Akkaraman and Romanov Lambs in Response to LPS and LTA. Microsc. Microanal. (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2023-07-25 Emel Alan,Fadime Daldaban,Aydın Alan,Esma Gamze Aksel,İmdat Orhan,Mehmet Ulaş Çinar,Bilal Akyüz,Korhan Arslan
Toll-like receptors are involved in the recognition of bacterial toxins, which cause infection in the respiratory system. This study aimed to evaluate microanatomical and histological alterations in the lungs of 24 healthy Akkaraman and Romanov lambs after the administration of lipoteichoic acid (LTA), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and LTA + LPS and investigate the gene, protein, and immune expression
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A Comparison of Solidification Structures and Submicroscale Cellular Segregation in Rapidly Solidified Stainless Steels Produced via Two-Piston Splat Quenching and Laser Powder Bed Fusion. Microsc. Microanal. (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2023-07-25 Zachary Arthur Hasenbusch,Andrew Deal,Ben Brown,Davis Wilson,Laurentiu Nastac,Luke N Brewer
Fusion-based additive manufacturing techniques leverage rapid solidification (RS) conditions to create parts with complex geometries, unique microscale/nanoscale morphological features, and elemental segregation. Three custom composition stainless steel alloys with varying chromium equivalence to nickel equivalence ratio (Creq/Nieq) between 1.53 and 1.95 were processed using laser powder bed fusion
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Understanding Ion-Beam Damage to Air-Sensitive Lithium Metal With Cryogenic Electron and Ion Microscopy. Microsc. Microanal. (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2023-07-25 Hyeongjun Koh,Eric Detsi,Eric A Stach
It is essential to understand the nanoscale structure and chemistry of energy storage materials due to their profound impact on battery performance. However, it is often challenging to characterize them at high resolution, as they are often fundamentally altered by sample preparation methods. Here, we use the cryogenic lift-out technique in a plasma-focused ion beam (PFIB)/scanning electron microscope
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Mapping Polar Distortions using Nanobeam Electron Diffraction and a Cepstral Approach. Microsc. Microanal. (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2023-07-25 Megan E Holtz,Elliot Padgett,Aaron C Johnston-Peck,Igor Levin,David A Muller,Andrew A Herzing
Measuring local polar ordering is key to understanding ferroelectricity in thin films, especially for systems with small domains or significant disorder. Scanning nanobeam electron diffraction (NBED) provides an effective local probe of lattice parameters, local fields, polarization directions, and charge densities, which can be analyzed using a relatively low beam dose over large fields of view. However
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Resolution of Virtual Depth Sectioning from Four-Dimensional Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy. Microsc. Microanal. (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2023-07-25 E W C Terzoudis-Lumsden,T C Petersen,H G Brown,P M Pelz,C Ophus,S D Findlay
One approach to three-dimensional structure determination using the wealth of scattering data in four-dimensional (4D) scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) is the parallax method proposed by Ophus et al. (2019. Advanced phase reconstruction methods enabled by 4D scanning transmission electron microscopy, Microsc Microanal25, 10-11), which determines the scattering matrix and uses it to
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High-Resolution Cathodoluminescence Images of Igneous and Metamorphic Monazite. Microsc. Microanal. (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2023-07-25 Saihong Yang,Yi Chen,Xianhua Li,Xu Tang,Jingbo Liu,Qian Mao,Me Me Aung
Monazite is one of the most important dating accessory minerals for deciphering geological processes. The growth history of monazite can be identified by its internal structure; thus, high-resolution imaging is necessary for in situ U-Th-Pb dating. In this study, cathodoluminescence (CL) techniques were optimized via the key parameters of working distance, accelerating voltage, and beam current and
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Multitechnique Characterization of Pigments Used in Paintings by Léon Pallière. Microsc. Microanal. (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2023-07-25 Guadalupe do Nascimento Campos,Marcus Granato,Antonieta Middea,Fernando de Souza Gonçalves Vasques,Otavio da Fonseca Martins Gomes
This study provides a microanalytical characterization of pigment fragments from the painting "Allegory to the Arts" and two portraits, "Rubens" and "Tintoretto," by Léon Pallière. The fragments were surface-analyzed using several near-surface methods to acquire information on the materials and determine the painting techniques utilized before the restoration. Scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive
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Micromorphological Sculptural Diversity in Foliar Epidermis and Trichomes Features among Invasive Species. Microsc. Microanal. (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2023-07-25 Ribaha Manzoor,Muhammad Zafar,Tayyaba Yaqoob,Mushtaq Ahmad,Mohamed Fawzy Ramadan,Ashwaq T Althobaiti,Azize Demirpolat,Duygu Nur Çobanoğlu,Shazia Sultana,Trobjon Makhkamov,Oybek Mamarakhimov,Akramjon Yuldashev,Dilabza Khakimova,Maxsuda Nizomova,Ulugbek Ochilov,Salman Majeed
This study examines the role of light microscopic (LM) and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) micromorphological traits of the epidermis in identifying and classifying invasive plants. SEM was conducted to increase our understanding of microscopic qualities that are not visible in light microscopy and to elucidate unclear affinities among invasive species. The study examines invasive species' morphological
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Three-Dimensional Ultrastructural Analysis of the Head-Most Mitochondrial Roots of Mice Spermatozoa Using Focused Ion Beam/Scanning Electron Microscopy (FIB/SEM) Tomography. Microsc. Microanal. (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2023-07-25 Kei-Ichiro Uemura,Yoshihiro Miyazono,Tasuku Hiroshige,Keisuke Ohta,Kosuke Ueda,Kiyoaki Nishihara,Makoto Nakiri,Shingo Hirashima,Tsukasa Igawa,Kei-Ichiro Nakamura
This study aimed to clarify the three-dimensional ultrastructure of head-side mice spermatozoa mitochondria. Six 13-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were deeply anesthetized, perfused with 2% paraformaldehyde, and placed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde in 0.1 M cacodylate buffer (pH 7.3) for electron microscopy. After perfusion, the vas deferens was removed, and the specimens were cut into small cubes and subjected
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Revealing the Structural Organization of Gamma-irradiated Starch Granules Using Polarization-resolved Second Harmonic Generation Microscopy. Microsc. Microanal. (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2023-07-25 Ming-Chi Chen,Indira Govindaraju,Wei-Hsun Wang,Wei-Liang Chen,Kamalesh Dattaram Mumbrekar,Sib Sankar Mal,Bhaswati Sarmah,Vishwa Jyoti Baruah,Pornsak Srisungsitthisunti,Naregundi Karunakara,Nirmal Mazumder,Guan-Yu Zhuo
Starch is a semi-crystalline macromolecule with the presence of amorphous and crystalline components. The amorphous amylose and crystalline amylopectin regions in starch granules are susceptible to certain physical modifications, such as gamma irradiation. Polarization-resolved second harmonic generation (P-SHG) microscopy in conjunction with SHG-circular dichroism (CD) was used to assess the three-dimensional
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Deep Learning-Based TEM Image Analysis for Fully Automated Detection of Gold Nanoparticles Internalized Within Tumor Cell. Microsc. Microanal. (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2023-07-25 Amrit Kaphle,Sandun Jayarathna,Hem Moktan,Maureen Aliru,Subhiksha Raghuram,Sunil Krishnan,Sang Hyun Cho
Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) imaging can be used for detection/localization of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) within tumor cells. However, quantitative analysis of GNP-containing cellular TEM images typically relies on conventional/thresholding-based methods, which are manual, time-consuming, and prone to human errors. In this study, therefore, deep learning (DL)-based methods were developed for
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Novel Focused Ion Beam Liftouts for Spatial Characterization of Spherical Biominerals With Transmission Electron Microscopy. Microsc. Microanal. (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2023-07-25 Neerja Zambare,Bruce Arey,Odeta Qafoku,Krishna Prasad Koirala,Libor Kovarik,Alice Dohnalkova
Focused ion beam (FIB) is frequently used to prepare electron- and X-ray-beam-transparent thin sections of samples, called lamellae. Typically, lamellae are prepared from only a subregion of a sample. In this paper, we present a novel approach for FIB lamella preparation of microscopic samples, wherein the entire cross-section of the whole sample can be investigated. The approach was demonstrated using
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Methods of In Ovo and Ex Ovo Ostrich Embryo Culture with Observations on the Development and Maturation of the Chorioallantoic Membrane. Microsc. Microanal. (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2023-07-25 Andrew N Makanya,Sikiru A Jimoh,John N Maina
Culture of shell-free and windowed eggs for drug testing and other experiments has been perfected for smaller eggs such as those of chickens, where the developing blood vessels of the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) become accessible for manipulative studies. However, due to the thickness and hardness of the ostrich egg shell, such techniques are not applicable. Using a tork craft mini rotary and a
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Investigating States of Gas in Water Encapsulated between Graphene Layers with Transmission Electron Microscopy. Microsc. Microanal. (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2023-07-22 Ing-Shouh Hwang,Wei-Hao Hsu
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Human Centered Design in the Scientific Environment for Accessible Microscope Performance. Microsc. Microanal. (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2023-07-22 Stephen T Kelly,Naomi Kotwal,Hrishikesh Bale,Benjamin Tordoff