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odeling of Downlink Interference in Massive MIMO 5G Macro-Cell Sensors (IF 3.275) Pub Date : 2021-01-16 Kamil Bechta; Cezary Ziółkowski; Jan M. Kelner; Leszek Nowosielski
Multi-beam antenna systems are the basic technology used in developing fifth-generation (5G) mobile communication systems. In practical implementations of 5G networks, different approaches are used to enable a massive multiple-input-multiple-output (mMIMO) technique, including a grid of beams, zero-forcing, or eigen-based beamforming. All of these methods aim to ensure sufficient angular separation
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Motivation and Future Works Sensors (IF 3.275) Pub Date : 2021-01-16 Jean-François Pratte; Frédéric Nolet; Samuel Parent; Frédéric Vachon; Nicolas Roy; Tommy Rossignol; Keven Deslandes; Henri Dautet; Réjean Fontaine; Serge A. Charlebois
Analog and digital SiPMs have revolutionized the field of radiation instrumentation by replacing both avalanche photodiodes and photomultiplier tubes in many applications. However, multiple applications require greater performance than the current SiPMs are capable of, for example timing resolution for time-of-flight positron emission tomography and time-of-flight computed tomography, and mitigation
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nterband Cascade Photonic Integrated Circuits on Native III-V Chip Sensors (IF 3.275) Pub Date : 2021-01-16 Jerry R. Meyer; Chul Soo Kim; Mijin Kim; Chadwick L. Canedy; Charles D. Merritt; William W. Bewley; Igor Vurgaftman
We describe how a midwave infrared photonic integrated circuit (PIC) that combines lasers, detectors, passive waveguides, and other optical elements may be constructed on the native GaSb substrate of an interband cascade laser (ICL) structure. The active and passive building blocks may be used, for example, to fabricate an on-chip chemical detection system with a passive sensing waveguide that evanescently
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Federated Learning Using Particle Swarm Optimization to Reduce Communication Costs Sensors (IF 3.275) Pub Date : 2021-01-16 Sunghwan Park; Yeryoung Suh; Jaewoo Lee
Federated learning is a learning method that collects only learned models on a server to ensure data privacy. This method does not collect data on the server but instead proceeds with data directly from distributed clients. Because federated learning clients often have limited communication bandwidth, communication between servers and clients should be optimized to improve performance. Federated learning
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An Accuracy Evaluation Sensors (IF 3.275) Pub Date : 2021-01-16 Marco Germanotta; Ilaria Mileti; Ilaria Conforti; Zaccaria Del Prete; Irene Aprile; Eduardo Palermo
The estimation of the body’s center of mass (CoM) trajectory is typically obtained using force platforms, or optoelectronic systems (OS), bounding the assessment inside a laboratory setting. The use of magneto-inertial measurement units (MIMUs) allows for more ecological evaluations, and previous studies proposed methods based on either a single sensor or a sensors’ network. In this study, we compared
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iosensors Based on Isothermal DNA Amplification for Bacterial Detection in Food Safety and Environmental Monitoring Sensors (IF 3.275) Pub Date : 2021-01-16 Sandra Leonardo; Anna Toldrà; Mònica Campàs
The easy and rapid spread of bacterial contamination and the risk it poses to human health makes evident the need for analytical methods alternative to conventional time-consuming laboratory-based techniques for bacterial detection. To tackle this demand, biosensors based on isothermal DNA amplification methods have emerged, which avoid the need for thermal cycling, thus facilitating their integration
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eep Temporal Convolution Network for Time Series Classification Sensors (IF 3.275) Pub Date : 2021-01-16 Bee Hock David Koh; Chin Leng Peter Lim; Hasnae Rahimi; Wai Lok Woo; Bin Gao
A neural network that matches with a complex data function is likely to boost the classification performance as it is able to learn the useful aspect of the highly varying data. In this work, the temporal context of the time series data is chosen as the useful aspect of the data that is passed through the network for learning. By exploiting the compositional locality of the time series data at each
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anomaterial-Integrated Cellulose Platforms for Optical Sensing of Trace Metals and Anionic Species in the Environment Sensors (IF 3.275) Pub Date : 2021-01-16 Carlos Bendicho; Isela Lavilla; Francisco Pena-Pereira; Inmaculada de la Calle; Vanesa Romero
The development of disposable sensors that can be easily adapted to every analytical problem is currently a hot topic that is revolutionizing many areas of science and technology. The need for decentralized analytical measurements at real time is increasing for solving problems in areas such as environment pollution, medical diagnostic, food quality assurance, etc., requiring fast action. Despite some
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-Textile Systems Reliability Assessment—A Miniaturized Accelerometer Used to Investigate Damage during Their Washing Sensors (IF 3.275) Pub Date : 2021-01-16 Shahood uz Zaman; Xuyuan Tao; Cédric Cochrane; Vladan Koncar
E-textiles reveal a new and hybrid sector of the industry that is created by the integration of electronic components or textile-based electronics in our daily life textile products. They are facing problems in terms of washability, reliability, and user acceptance. This manuscript explains the mechanical stresses acting during the washing process and their impact on e-textile systems. Different washing
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tructural Damage Identification Based on Integrated Utilization of Inverse Finite Element Method and Pseudo-Excitation Approach Sensors (IF 3.275) Pub Date : 2021-01-16 Tengteng Li; Maosen Cao; Jianle Li; Lei Yang; Hao Xu; Zhanjun Wu
The attempt to integrate the applications of conventional structural deformation reconstruction strategies and vibration-based damage identification methods is made in this study, where, more specifically, the inverse finite element method (iFEM) and pseudo-excitation approach (PE) are combined for the first time, to give rise to a novel structural health monitoring (SHM) framework showing various
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valuation of the Size-of-Source Effect in Thermal Imaging Cameras Sensors (IF 3.275) Pub Date : 2021-01-16 Igor Pušnik; Gregor Geršak
In numerous applications, including current body temperature monitoring in viral pandemic management, thermal imaging cameras are used for quantitative measurements. These require determination of the measurement accuracy (error) and its traceability (measurement uncertainty). Within error estimation, the size-of-source effect (SSE) is an important error source. The SSE is the relation between the
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he Radial Electric Field Excited Circular Disk Piezoceramic Acoustic Resonator and Its Properties Sensors (IF 3.275) Pub Date : 2021-01-17 Andrey Teplykh; Boris Zaitsev; Alexander Semyonov; Irina Borodina
A new type of piezoceramic acoustic resonator in the form of a circular disk with a radial exciting electric field is presented. The advantage of this type of resonator is the localization of the electrodes at one end of the disk, which leaves the second end free for the contact of the piezoelectric material with the surrounding medium. This makes it possible to use such a resonator as a sensor base
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oncontact Damage Topography Reconstruction by Wavenumber Domain Analysis Based on Air-Coupled Ultrasound and Full-Field Laser Vibrometer Sensors (IF 3.275) Pub Date : 2021-01-17 Hui Zhang; Dongmei Liang; Xiaobo Rui; Zhuochen Wang
Noncontact ultrasonic detection technology is an effective method to detect damage in time. This paper proposes a noncontact damage detection system based on air-coupled ultrasound and full-field laser vibrometer, which realizes the excitation of relatively single-mode guided waves and the wavefield automatic detection. The system performance is verified through experiments, and the experimental wavenumber
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elf-Assembled Monolayers Coated Porous SnO2 Film Gas Sensor with Reduced Humidity Influence Sensors (IF 3.275) Pub Date : 2021-01-17 Cheonji Lee; Sunjong Oh; Seung-Chul Park; Ho-Nyun Lee; Hyun-Jong Kim; Jinkee Lee; Hyuneui Lim
Metal-oxide sensors, detect gas through the reaction of surface oxygen molecules with target gases, are promising for the detection of toxic pollutant gases, combustible gases, and organic vapors; however, their sensitivity, selectivity, and long-term stability limit practical applications. Porous structure for increasing surface area, adding catalyst, and altering the operation temperature are proposed
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ear-Infrared Spectroscopy and Aquaphotomics for Monitoring Mung Bean (Vigna radiata) Sprout Growth and Validation of Ascorbic Acid Content Sensors (IF 3.275) Pub Date : 2021-01-17 David Tjandra Nugraha; John-Lewis Zinia Zaukuu; Juan Pablo Aguinaga Bósquez; Zsanett Bodor; Flora Vitalis; Zoltan Kovacs
Mung bean is a leguminous crop with specific trait in its diet, namely in the form of anti-nutrient components. The sprouting process is commonly done for better nutritional acceptance of mung bean as it presents better nutritional benefits. Sprouted mung bean serves as a cheap source of protein and ascorbic acid, which are dependent on the sprouting process, hence the importance of following the biological
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arine Icing Sensor with Phase Discrimination Sensors (IF 3.275) Pub Date : 2021-01-17 Abdulrazak Elzaidi; Vlastimil Masek; Stephen Bruneau
In this paper, a novel approach is presented to the measurement of marine icing phenomena under the presence of a two-phase condition. We have developed a sensor consisting of an electrostatic array and a signal processing based on a decision tree method. A three-element electrostatic array is employed to derive signals having linearly decoupled characteristics from which two key parameters, ice and
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Self-Powered Hybrid SSHI Circuit with a Wide Operation Range for Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting Sensors (IF 3.275) Pub Date : 2021-01-17 Liao Wu; Peidong Zhu; Minghua Xie
This paper presents a piezoelectric (PE) energy harvesting circuit, which integrates a Synchronized Switch Harvesting on Inductor (SSHI) circuit and a diode bridge rectifier. A typical SSHI circuit cannot transfer the power from a PE cantilever into the load when the rectified voltage is higher than a certain voltage. The proposed circuit addresses this problem. It uses the two resonant loops for flipping
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rediction of Freezing of Gait in Parkinson’s Disease Using Wearables and Machine Learning Sensors (IF 3.275) Pub Date : 2021-01-17 Luigi Borzì; Ivan Mazzetta; Alessandro Zampogna; Antonio Suppa; Gabriella Olmo; Fernanda Irrera
Freezing of gait (FOG) is one of the most troublesome symptoms of Parkinson’s disease, affecting more than 50% of patients in advanced stages of the disease. Wearable technology has been widely used for its automatic detection, and some papers have been recently published in the direction of its prediction. Such predictions may be used for the administration of cues, in order to prevent the occurrence
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Context-Aware Fault Diagnostic Scheme towards Sensor Faults Utilizing Machine Learning Sensors (IF 3.275) Pub Date : 2021-01-17 Umer Saeed; Young-Doo Lee; Sana Ullah Jan; Insoo Koo
Sensors’ existence as a key component of Cyber-Physical Systems makes it susceptible to failures due to complex environments, low-quality production, and aging. When defective, sensors either stop communicating or convey incorrect information. These unsteady situations threaten the safety, economy, and reliability of a system. The objective of this study is to construct a lightweight machine learning-based
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oupling Analytical Models and Machine Learning Methods for Fast and Reliable Resolution of Effects in Multifrequency Eddy-Current Sensors Sensors (IF 3.275) Pub Date : 2021-01-17 Sergey Kucheryavskiy; Alexander Egorov; Victor Polyakov
Eddy current (EC) measurements, widely used for diagnostics of conductive materials, are highly dependent on physical properties and geometry of a sample as well as on a design of an EC-sensor. For a sensor of a given design, the conductivity and thickness of a sample as well as the gap between the sample and the sensor (lift-off) are the most influencing parameters. Estimation of these parameters
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ffect Analysis of GNSS/INS Processing Strategy for Sufficient Utilization of Urban Environment Observations Sensors (IF 3.275) Pub Date : 2021-01-17 Bo Shi; Mengke Wang; Yunpeng Wang; Yuntian Bai; Kang Lin; Fanlin Yang
The occlusion of buildings in urban environments leads to the intermittent reception of satellite signals, which limits the utilization of observations. This subsequently results in a decline of the positioning and attitude accuracy of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)/Inertial Navigation System (INS) integrated system (GNSS/INS). This study implements a smooth post-processing strategy based
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stimating PQoS of Video Streaming on Wi-Fi Networks Using Machine Learning Sensors (IF 3.275) Pub Date : 2021-01-17 Maghsoud Morshedi; Josef Noll
Video on demand (VoD) services such as YouTube have generated considerable volumes of Internet traffic in homes and buildings in recent years. While Internet service providers deploy fiber and recent wireless technologies such as 802.11ax to support high bandwidth requirement, the best-effort nature of 802.11 networks and variable wireless medium conditions hinder users from experiencing maximum quality
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Ionic Strength and pH Effect Investigation Sensors (IF 3.275) Pub Date : 2021-01-17 Amal Tlili; Ghada Attia; Sohayb Khaoulani; Zouhour Mazouz; Chouki Zerrouki; Nourdin Yaakoubi; Ali Othmane; Najla Fourati
Several studies were devoted to the design of molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP)-based sensors for the detection of a given protein. Here, we bring elements that could contribute to the understanding of the interaction mechanism involved in the recognition of a protein by an imprint. For this purpose, a polydopamine (PDA)-MIP was designed for bovine serum albumin (BSA) recognition. Prior to BSA grafting
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AV Swarms Behavior Modeling Using Tracking Bigraphical Reactive Systems Sensors (IF 3.275) Pub Date : 2021-01-17 Piotr Cybulski; Zbigniew Zieliński
Recently, there has been a fairly rapid increase in interest in the use of UAV swarms both in civilian and military operations. This is mainly due to relatively low cost, greater flexibility, and increasing efficiency of swarms themselves. However, in order to efficiently operate a swarm of UAVs, it is necessary to address the various autonomous behaviors of its constituent elements, to achieve cooperation
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stimation of Leaf Nitrogen Content in Wheat Based on Fusion of Spectral Features and Deep Features from Near Infrared Hyperspectral Imagery Sensors (IF 3.275) Pub Date : 2021-01-17 Baohua Yang; Jifeng Ma; Xia Yao; Weixing Cao; Yan Zhu
Nitrogen is an important indicator for monitoring wheat growth. The rapid development and wide application of non-destructive detection provide many approaches for estimating leaf nitrogen content (LNC) in wheat. Previous studies have shown that better results have been obtained in the estimation of LNC in wheat based on spectral features. However, the lack of automatically extracted features leads
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sing Wearable Sensor Technology to Measure Motion Complexity in Infants at High Familial Risk for Autism Spectrum Disorder Sensors (IF 3.275) Pub Date : 2021-01-17 Rujuta B. Wilson; Sitaram Vangala; David Elashoff; Tabitha Safari; Beth A. Smith
Background: Motor dysfunction has been reported as one of the first signs of atypical development in infants at high familial risk for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) (HR infants). However, studies have shown inconsistent results regarding the nature of motor dysfunction and whether it can be predictive of later ASD diagnosis. This is likely because current standardized motor assessments may not identify
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daptive Estimation Algorithm for Correcting Low-Cost MEMS-SINS Errors of Unmanned Vehicles under the Conditions of Abnormal Measurements Sensors (IF 3.275) Pub Date : 2021-01-17 Lifei Zhang; Proletarsky Andrey Viktorovich; Maria Sergeevna Selezneva; Konstantin Avenirovich Neusypin
In this paper, a low-cost small-sized strap-down inertial navigation system (SINS)—Gyrolab GL-VG 109—is studied. When the system is installed on an unmanned vehicle and works in autonomous mode, it is difficult to determine the navigation parameters of the unmanned vehicle. Correcting the SINS information from the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) can significantly increase the determination
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ack-Gate GaN Nanowire-Based FET Device for Enhancing Gas Selectivity at Room Temperature Sensors (IF 3.275) Pub Date : 2021-01-17 Md Ashfaque Hossain Khan; Ratan Debnath; Abhishek Motayed; Mulpuri V. Rao
In this work, a TiO2-coated GaN nanowire-based back-gate field-effect transistor (FET) device was designed and implemented to address the well-known cross-sensitive nature of metal oxides. Even though a two-terminal TiO2/GaN chemiresistor is highly sensitive to NO2, it suffers from lack of selectivity toward NO2 and SO2. Here, a Si back gate with C-AlGaN as the gate dielectric was demonstrated as a
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Framework for Coverage Path Planning Optimization Based on Point Cloud for Structural Inspection Sensors (IF 3.275) Pub Date : 2021-01-15 Iago Z. Biundini; Milena F. Pinto; Aurelio G. Melo; Andre L. M. Marcato; Leonardo M. Honório; Maria J. R. Aguiar
Different practical applications have emerged in the last few years, requiring periodic and detailed inspections to verify possible structural changes. Inspections using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) should minimize flight time due to battery time restrictions and identify the terrain’s topographic features. In this sense, Coverage Path Planning (CPP) aims at finding the best path to coverage of
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nduction of Neural Plasticity Using a Low-Cost Open Source Brain-Computer Interface and a 3D-Printed Wrist Exoskeleton Sensors (IF 3.275) Pub Date : 2021-01-15 Mads Jochumsen; Taha Al Muhammadee Janjua; Juan Carlos Arceo; Jimmy Lauber; Emilie Simoneau Buessinger; Rasmus Leck Kæseler
Brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) have been proven to be useful for stroke rehabilitation, but there are a number of factors that impede the use of this technology in rehabilitation clinics and in home-use, the major factors including the usability and costs of the BCI system. The aims of this study were to develop a cheap 3D-printed wrist exoskeleton that can be controlled by a cheap open source BCI
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ull and Aerial Holonomic Propulsion System Design for Optimal Underwater Sensor Positioning in Autonomous Surface Vessels Sensors (IF 3.275) Pub Date : 2021-01-15 Bruno A. Regina; Leonardo M. Honório; Antônio A. N. Pancoti; Mathaus F. Silva; Murillo F. Santos; Vitor M. L. Lopes; Accacio F. Santos Neto; Luis G. F. Westin
Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) sensors measure water inflows and are essential to evaluate the Flow Curve (FC) of rivers. The FC is used to calibrate hydrological models responsible for planning the electrical dispatch of all power plants in several countries. Therefore, errors in those measures propagate to the final energy cost evaluation. One problem regarding this sensor is its positioning
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ingular Value Decomposition for Removal of Cardiac Interference from Trunk Electromyogram Sensors (IF 3.275) Pub Date : 2021-01-15 Elisabetta Peri; Lin Xu; Christian Ciccarelli; Nele L. Vandenbussche; Hongji Xu; Xi Long; Sebastiaan Overeem; Johannes P. van Dijk; Massimo Mischi
A new algorithm based on singular value decomposition (SVD) to remove cardiac contamination from trunk electromyography (EMG) is proposed. Its performance is compared to currently available algorithms at different signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs). The algorithm is applied on individual channels. An experimental calibration curve to adjust the number of SVD components to the SNR (0–20 dB) is proposed.
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erformance Analysis in Olympic Sailors of the Formula Kite Class Using GPS Sensors (IF 3.275) Pub Date : 2021-01-15 Israel Caraballo; José Luis González-Montesinos; Francisco Casado-Rodríguez; José V. Gutierrez-Manzanedo
Formula Kite is an Olympic sport that mainly differs from other kitesurfing modalities for the use of a hydrofoil. It is considered an extreme sport due to the great technical ability required. Regarding performance, the variables that determine performance in a real competition situation have not been studied, and even less so with Olympic sailors. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine
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rain-Inspired Data Transmission in Dense Wireless Network Sensors (IF 3.275) Pub Date : 2021-01-15 Łukasz Kułacz; Adrian Kliks
In this paper, the authors investigate the innovative concept of a dense wireless network supported by additional functionalities inspired by the human nervous system. The nervous system controls the entire human body due to reliable and energetically effective signal transmission. Among the structure and modes of operation of such an ultra-dense network of neurons and glial cells, the authors selected
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heoretical Studies and Implementation on the Temporary Data Storage Method for Cone Penetration Test Sensors (IF 3.275) Pub Date : 2021-01-15 Yanming Li; Yuheng Shen; Xiaoquan Wang; Sifeng Li; Tonglu Li; Quanli Zhao
The traditional cone penetration test system uses cable to transmit data; as the probe goes deeper into the ground, the length of the cable will become longer. This makes the installation of the test equipment more complicated, and excessively long cables cause signal distortion and seriously affect data accuracy. To simplify the experimental equipment and improve the accuracy of data acquisition,
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Novel Method for Determining Angular Speed and Acceleration Using Sin-Cos Encoders Sensors (IF 3.275) Pub Date : 2021-01-15 Manuel Alcázar Vargas; Javier Pérez Fernández; Juan M. Velasco García; Juan A. Cabrera Carrillo; Juan J. Castillo Aguilar
The performance of vehicle safety systems depends very much on the accuracy of the signals coming from vehicle sensors. Among them, the wheel speed is of vital importance. This paper describes a new method to obtain the wheel speed by using Sin-Cos encoders. The methodology is based on the use of the Savitzky–Golay filters to optimally determine the coefficients of the polynomials that best fit the
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Soft Exoskeleton Glove for Hand Bilateral Training via Surface EMG Sensors (IF 3.275) Pub Date : 2021-01-15 Yumiao Chen; Zhongliang Yang; Yangliang Wen
Traditional rigid exoskeletons can be challenging to the comfort of wearers and can have large pressure, which can even alter natural hand motion patterns. In this paper, we propose a low-cost soft exoskeleton glove (SExoG) system driven by surface electromyography (sEMG) signals from non-paretic hand for bilateral training. A customization method of geometrical parameters of soft actuators was presented
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cular Phantom-Based Feasibility Study of an Early Diagnosis Device for Glaucoma Sensors (IF 3.275) Pub Date : 2021-01-15 Marie-Valérie Moreno; Cloé Houriet; Pierre-Alain Grounauer
Glaucoma causes total or partial loss of vision in 10% of people over the age of 70, increasing their fragility and isolation. It is characterised by the destruction of the optic nerve fibres, which may result from excessively high intraocular pressure as well as other phenomena. Diagnosis is currently reached through a combination of several checks, mainly of the eyes’ fundus, tonometry and gonioscopy
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inite Element Modelling of Bandgap Engineered Graphene FET with the Application in Sensing Methanethiol Biomarker Sensors (IF 3.275) Pub Date : 2021-01-15 Paramjot Singh; Parsoua Abedini Sohi; Mojtaba Kahrizi
In this work, we have designed and simulated a graphene field effect transistor (GFET) with the purpose of developing a sensitive biosensor for methanethiol, a biomarker for bacterial infections. The surface of a graphene layer is functionalized by manipulation of its surface structure and is used as the channel of the GFET. Two methods, doping the crystal structure of graphene and decorating the surface
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ault Detection and Identification Method for Quadcopter Based on Airframe Vibration Signals Sensors (IF 3.275) Pub Date : 2021-01-15 Xiaomin Zhang; Zhiyao Zhao; Zhaoyang Wang; Xiaoyi Wang
Quadcopters are widely used in a variety of military and civilian mission scenarios. Real-time online detection of the abnormal state of the quadcopter is vital to the safety of aircraft. Existing data-driven fault detection methods generally usually require numerous sensors to collect data. However, quadcopter airframe space is limited. A large number of sensors cannot be loaded, meaning that it is
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yperspectral Imaging (HSI) Technology for the Non-Destructive Freshness Assessment of Pearl Gentian Grouper under Different Storage Conditions Sensors (IF 3.275) Pub Date : 2021-01-15 Zhuoyi Chen; Qingping Wang; Hui Zhang; Pengcheng Nie
This study used visible/near-infrared hyperspectral imaging (HSI) technology combined with chemometric methods to assess the freshness of pearl gentian grouper. The partial least square discrimination analysis (PLS-DA) and competitive adaptive reweighted sampling-PLS-DA (CARS-PLS-DA) models were used to classify fresh, refrigerated, and frozen–thawed fish. The PLS-DA model achieved better classification
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on-Invasive Method to Detect Infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex in Wild Boar by Measurement of Volatile Organic Compounds Obtained from Feces with an Electronic Nose System Sensors (IF 3.275) Pub Date : 2021-01-15 Kelvin de Jesús Beleño-Sáenz; Juan Martín Cáceres-Tarazona; Pauline Nol; Aylen Lisset Jaimes-Mogollón; Oscar Eduardo Gualdrón-Guerrero; Cristhian Manuel Durán-Acevedo; Jose Angel Barasona; Joaquin Vicente; María José Torres; Tesfalem Geremariam Welearegay; Lars Österlund; Jack Rhyan; Radu Ionescu
More effective methods to detect bovine tuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium bovis, in wildlife, is of paramount importance for preventing disease spread to other wild animals, livestock, and human beings. In this study, we analyzed the volatile organic compounds emitted by fecal samples collected from free-ranging wild boar captured in Doñana National Park, Spain, with an electronic nose system based
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esign of a Curved Shape Photonic Crystal Taper for Highly Efficient Mode Coupling Sensors (IF 3.275) Pub Date : 2021-01-15 Reyhaneh Jannesari; Thomas Grille; Cristina Consani; Gerald Stocker; Andreas Tortschanoff; Bernhard Jakoby
The design and modeling of a curved shape photonic crystal taper consisting of Si rods integrated with a photonic crystal waveguide are presented. The waveguide is composed of a hexagonal lattice of Si rods and optimized for CO2 sensing based on absorption spectroscopy. We investigated two different approaches to design a taper for a photonic crystal waveguide in a hexagonal lattice of silicon rods
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stimating Functional Threshold Power in Endurance Running from Shorter Time Trials Using a 6-Axis Inertial Measurement Sensor Sensors (IF 3.275) Pub Date : 2021-01-15 Antonio Cartón-Llorente; Felipe García-Pinillos; Jorge Royo-Borruel; Alberto Rubio-Peirotén; Diego Jaén-Carrillo; Luis E. Roche-Seruendo
Wearable technology has allowed for the real-time assessment of mechanical work employed in several sporting activities. Through novel power metrics, Functional Threshold Power have shown a reliable indicator of training intensities. This study aims to determine the relationship between mean power output (MPO) values obtained during three submaximal running time trials (i.e., 10 min, 20 min, and 30
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imulations of Switchback, Fragmentationand Sunspot Pair in δ-Sunspots during Magnetic Flux Emergence Sensors (IF 3.275) Pub Date : 2021-01-15 Che-Jui Chang; Jean-Fu Kiang
Strong flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs), launched from δ-sunspots, are the most catastrophic energy-releasing events in the solar system. The formations of δ-sunspots and relevant polarity inversion lines (PILs) are crucial for the understanding of flare eruptions and CMEs. In this work, the kink-stable, spot-spot-type δ-sunspots induced by flux emergence are simulated, under different subphotospheric
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sing an Optimization Algorithm to Detect Hidden Waveforms of Signals Sensors (IF 3.275) Pub Date : 2021-01-15 Yen-Ching Chang; Chin-Chen Chang
Source signals often contain various hidden waveforms, which further provide precious information. Therefore, detecting and capturing these waveforms is very important. For signal decomposition (SD), discrete Fourier transform (DFT) and empirical mode decomposition (EMD) are two main tools. They both can easily decompose any source signal into different components. DFT is based on Cosine functions;
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mpact of Current Pulsation on BLDC Motor Parameters Sensors (IF 3.275) Pub Date : 2021-01-15 Andrzej Sikora; Marcin Woźniak
BrushLess Direct-Current (BLDC) motors are characterized by high efficiency and reliability due to the fact that the BLDC motor does not require power to the rotor. The rotor of the BLDC motor consists of permanent magnets. When examining the waveform of the current supplied to the motor windings, significant current ripple was observed within one power cycle, where the optimum value would be the constant
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ction Unit Detection by Learning the Deformation Coefficients of a 3D Morphable Model Sensors (IF 3.275) Pub Date : 2021-01-15 Luigi Ariano; Claudio Ferrari; Stefano Berretti; Alberto Del Bimbo
Facial Action Units (AUs) correspond to the deformation/contraction of individual facial muscles or their combinations. As such, each AU affects just a small portion of the face, with deformations that are asymmetric in many cases. Generating and analyzing AUs in 3D is particularly relevant for the potential applications it can enable. In this paper, we propose a solution for 3D AU detection and synthesis
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ast and Robust Time Synchronization with Median Kalman Filtering for Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks Sensors (IF 3.275) Pub Date : 2021-01-15 Young Jeon; Taehong Kim; Taejoon Kim
Time synchronization is an important issue in ad-hoc networks for reliable information exchange. The algorithms for time synchronization in ad-hoc networks are largely categorized into two types. One is based on a selection of a reference node, and the other is based on a consensus among neighbor nodes. These two types of methods are targeting static environments. However, synchronization errors among
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evelopment of a Human-Display Interface with Vibrotactile Feedback for Real-World Assistive Applications Sensors (IF 3.275) Pub Date : 2021-01-15 Kiduk Kim; Ji-Hoon Jeong; Jeong-Hyun Cho; Sunghyun Kim; Jeonggoo Kang; Jeha Ryu; Seong-Whan Lee
It is important to operate devices with control panels and touch screens assisted by haptic feedback in mobile environments such as driving automobiles and electric power wheelchairs. A lot of consideration is needed to give accurate haptic feedback, especially, presenting clear touch feedback to the elderly and people with reduced sensation is a very critical issue from healthcare and safety perspectives
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nt Colony-Based Hyperparameter Optimisation in Total Variation Reconstruction in X-ray Computed Tomography Sensors (IF 3.275) Pub Date : 2021-01-15 Manasavee Lohvithee; Wenjuan Sun; Stephane Chretien; Manuchehr Soleimani
In this paper, a computer-aided training method for hyperparameter selection of limited data X-ray computed tomography (XCT) reconstruction was proposed. The proposed method employed the ant colony optimisation (ACO) approach to assist in hyperparameter selection for the adaptive-weighted projection-controlled steepest descent (AwPCSD) algorithm, which is a total-variation (TV) based regularisation
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earable Vibration Sensor for Measuring the Wing Flapping of Insects Sensors (IF 3.275) Pub Date : 2021-01-15 Ryota Yanagisawa; Shunsuke Shigaki; Kotaro Yasui; Dai Owaki; Yasuhiro Sugimoto; Akio Ishiguro; Masahiro Shimizu
In this study, we fabricated a novel wearable vibration sensor for insects and measured their wing flapping. An analysis of insect wing deformation in relation to changes in the environment plays an important role in understanding the underlying mechanism enabling insects to dynamically interact with their surrounding environment. It is common to use a high-speed camera to measure the wing flapping;
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pidemic Analysis of Wireless Rechargeable Sensor Networks Based on an Attack–Defense Game Model Sensors (IF 3.275) Pub Date : 2021-01-15 Guiyun Liu; Baihao Peng; Xiaojing Zhong
Energy constraint hinders the popularization and development of wireless sensor networks (WSNs). As an emerging technology equipped with rechargeable batteries, wireless rechargeable sensor networks (WRSNs) are being widely accepted and recognized. In this paper, we research the security issues in WRSNs which need to be addressed urgently. After considering the charging process, the activating anti-malware
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Hybrid Planning Approach Based on MPC and Parametric Curves for Overtaking Maneuvers Sensors (IF 3.275) Pub Date : 2021-01-15 Ray Lattarulo; Joshué Pérez Rastelli
Automated Driving Systems (ADS) have received a considerable amount of attention in the last few decades, as part of the Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) field. However, this technology still lacks total automation capacities while keeping driving comfort and safety under risky scenarios, for example, overtaking, obstacle avoidance, or lane changing. Consequently, this work presents a novel
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New Annotations, Experiments, and Results Sensors (IF 3.275) Pub Date : 2021-01-15 Marco Buzzelli; Luca Segantin
We address the task of classifying car images at multiple levels of detail, ranging from the top-level car type, down to the specific car make, model, and year. We analyze existing datasets for car classification, and identify the CompCars as an excellent starting point for our task. We show that convolutional neural networks achieve an accuracy above 90% on the finest-level classification task. This
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mart Sensors for Healthcare and Medical Applications Sensors (IF 3.275) Pub Date : 2021-01-14 Domenico Formica; Emiliano Schena
Note: In lieu of an abstract, this is an excerpt from the first page. This special issue on “Smart Sensors for Healthcare and Medical Applications” focuses on new sensing technologies, measurement techniques, and their applications in medicine and healthcare [...]
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rediction of Postoperative Complications for Patients of End Stage Renal Disease Sensors (IF 3.275) Pub Date : 2021-01-14 Young-Seob Jeong; Juhyun Kim; Dahye Kim; Jiyoung Woo; Mun Gyu Kim; Hun Woo Choi; Ah Reum Kang; Sun Young Park
End stage renal disease (ESRD) is the last stage of chronic kidney disease that requires dialysis or a kidney transplant to survive. Many studies reported a higher risk of mortality in ESRD patients compared with patients without ESRD. In this paper, we develop a model to predict postoperative complications, major cardiac event, for patients who underwent any type of surgery. We compare several widely-used
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utomatic Joining of Electrical Components to Smart Textiles by Ultrasonic Soldering Sensors (IF 3.275) Pub Date : 2021-01-14 Sebastian Micus; Michael Haupt; Götz T. Gresser
A suitable connection method to automatically produce E-textiles does not exist. Ultrasonic soldering could be a good solution for that since it works with flux-free solder, which avoids embrittlement of the textile integrated wires. This article describes the detailed process of robot-assisted ultrasonic soldering of e-textiles to printed circuit boards (PCB). The aim is to understand the influencing
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Trends and Challenges Sensors (IF 3.275) Pub Date : 2021-01-14 Omer Mujahid; Ivan Contreras; Josep Vehi
(1) Background: the use of machine learning techniques for the purpose of anticipating hypoglycemia has increased considerably in the past few years. Hypoglycemia is the drop in blood glucose below critical levels in diabetic patients. This may cause loss of cognitive ability, seizures, and in extreme cases, death. In almost half of all the severe cases, hypoglycemia arrives unannounced and is essentially
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A Comprehensive Review Sensors (IF 3.275) Pub Date : 2021-01-14 Olfa Kanoun; Sonia Bradai; Sabrine Khriji; Ghada Bouattour; Dhouha El Houssaini; Meriam Ben Ammar; Slim Naifar; Ayda Bouhamed; Faouzi Derbel; Christian Viehweger
Nowadays, wireless sensor networks are becoming increasingly important in several sectors including industry, transportation, environment and medicine. This trend is reinforced by the spread of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies in almost all sectors. Autonomous energy supply is thereby an essential aspect as it decides the flexible positioning and easy maintenance, which are decisive for the acceptance
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