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A Study of High-Frequency Noise for Microplastics Classification Using Raman Spectroscopy and Machine Learning Appl. Spectrosc. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-03-11 David Plazas, Francesco Ferranti, Qing Liu, Mehrdad Lotfi Choobbari, Heidi Ottevaere
Given the growing urge for plastic management and regulation in the world, recent studies have investigated the problem of plastic material identification for correct classification and disposal. Recent works have shown the potential of machine learning techniques for successful microplastics classification using Raman signals. Classification techniques from the machine learning area allow the identification
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The Interplay Between Spectrometer Development and Professional Spectroscopic Societies Appl. Spectrosc. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-03-06 Richard A. Crocombe
The post-World War II availability of commercial spectrometers spurred the development of professional spectroscopic societies: The Infrared and Raman Discussion Group in the UK, the Coblentz Society, and the Society for Applied Spectroscopy in the USA. There was a desire to ensure that customers understood the instrumentation and techniques, became part of a community, and had access to the latest
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Analysis of Lithium Aging Using Machine Learning-Enhanced Spectroscopy Techniques Appl. Spectrosc. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-03-05 James T. Stofel, Ashwin P. Rao, Anil K. Patnaik, Andrew V. Giminaro, Michael B. Shattan
Lithium compounds such as lithium hydride (LiH) and lithium hydroxide (LiOH) have a wide range of industrial applications, but are highly reactive in environments with H2O and CO2. These reactions lead to the ingrowth of secondary lithium compounds, which can alter the homogeneity and affect the application of particular lithium chemicals. This study performed an exploratory analysis of different lithium
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Visualization of Recrystallization Induced by Ultraviolet Degradation of a Polypropylene Film Using Raman Imaging Appl. Spectrosc. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-03-05 Mizuki Kaizuka, Harumi Sato, Yukihiro Ozaki, Hidetoshi Sato
Raman images were constructed for polypropylene (PP) films before and after ultraviolet (UV) irradiation (100 mW, 248–436 nm) for 10 h using several intensity ratios of Raman bands that are sensitive to crystallization of PP. In the images of PP films before the irradiation the intensity ratios are nearly uniform for the films but for those of the PP films after the irradiation, the ratios become large
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Predicting Silicate Glass Geochemistry Using Raman Spectroscopy and Supervised Machine Learning: Partial Least Square Applications to Amorphous Raman Spectra Appl. Spectrosc. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-03-05 Blake O. LaDouceur, Molly McCanta, Bhavya Sharma, Grace Sarabia, Natalie E. Dunn, M. Darby Dyar
Here, Raman spectroscopy is used to develop a univariate partial least squares (PLS) calibration capable of quantifying geochemistry in synthetic and natural silicate glass samples. The calibration yields eight oxide-specific models that allow predictions of silicon dioxide (SiO2), sodium oxide (Na2O), potassium oxide (K2O), calcium oxide (CaO), titanium dioxide (TiO2), aluminum oxide (Al2O3), ferrous
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Streamlined Multi-Attribute Assessment of an Array of Clinical-Stage Antibodies: Relationship Between Degradation and Stability Appl. Spectrosc. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-02-29 Belinda Pastrana, Elizabeth Culyba, Sherly Nieves, Stephen L. Sazinsky, Eduardo I. Canto, Isao Noda
Clinical antibodies are an important class of drugs for the treatment of both chronic and acute diseases. Their manufacturability is subject to evaluation to ensure product quality and efficacy. One critical quality attribute is deamidation, a non-enzymatic process that is observed to occur during thermal stress, at low or high pH, or a combination thereof. Deamidation may induce antibody instability
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Temperature and Thermal Diffusivity Diagnostics in Laminar Methane Flames Using Infrared Four-Wave Mixing Techniques Appl. Spectrosc. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-02-27 Zihao Song, Xing Chao, Anna-Lena Sahlberg
Four-wave mixing techniques, such as coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy (CARS), laser-induced grating spectroscopy (LIGS), and degenerate four-wave mixing (DFWM), have been widely used in combustion diagnostics due to their advantages of high signal-to-noise ratio (S/N), coherent signal, and spatial resolution. In this work, a nano-second pulsed laser is utilized to generate mid-infrared (near
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Exploration of Global and Specialized Near-Infrared Calibrations for the Quantification of Nutritional Content in Grapevine Organs, Berry Phenological Stages, and Shoot Lignification Appl. Spectrosc. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-02-26 Elizma van Wyngaard, Erna Blancquaert, Hélène Nieuwoudt, Jose Luis Aleixandre-Tudo
Current infrared spectroscopy applications in the field of viticulture are moving toward direct in-field measuring techniques. However, limited research is available on quantitative applications using direct measurement of fresh tissue. The few studies conducted have combined the spectral data from various cultivars, growing regions, grapevine organs, and phenological stages during model development
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Machine Learning-Assisted Determination of C6H14 Mole Fraction From Molecular Emissions of Laser-Induced Hexane–Air Plasmas Appl. Spectrosc. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-02-26 Ashwin P. Rao, Noshin Nawar, Christopher J. Annesley
Laser-induced plasmas of materials containing hydrocarbons present strong carbon molecular emission features. Using these emissions to build models relating changes in spectral features to a physical parameter of the system, such as hydrocarbon content, can be difficult because of the dynamic complexity of the spectral features and temperature disequilibrium between molecular species. This study presents
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Optimal Spectral Resolution for Infrared Studies of Solids and Liquids Appl. Spectrosc. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-02-26 Brenda M. Forland, Kendall D. Hughey, Michael J. Wilhelm, Olivia N. Williams, Benjamin F. Cappello, Connor L. Gaspar, Tanya L. Myers, Steven W. Sharpe, Timothy J. Johnson
Due to a legacy originating in the limited capability of early computers, the spectroscopic resolution used in Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and other systems has largely been implemented using only powers of two for more than 50 years. In this study, we investigate debunking the spectroscopic lore of, e.g., using only 2, 4, 8, or 16 cm−1 resolution and determine the optimal resolution in
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Ante- and Post-Mortem Fracture Identification Protocol Based on Low- and High-Level Fusion Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Raman Spectroscopy Association Appl. Spectrosc. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-02-26 Kai Yu, Hao Wu, Hongli Xiong, Gongji Wang, Xin Wei, Xinggong Liang, Run Chen, Yuanyuan Zhang, Kai Zhang, Zhenyuan Wang
In this study, the application of low-level fusion (LLF) and high-level fusion (HLF) strategies using a combination of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Raman spectroscopy in the identification of antemortem and postmortem fracture at different postmortem intervals (PMIs) was investigated. On a technical level, the same hard tissue sample can be detected using a mix of FT-IR and Raman
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Determination of Aminophylline in Human Serum Using Hydrogel Microspheres for Coupled Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) and Solid-Phase Extraction Appl. Spectrosc. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-02-23 Ying Wang, Hongxing Kong, Ruijue Chen, Ziwei Xu, Pei Zhou, Yaqin Zhan, Wenyi Huang, Hao Cheng, Lijun Li, Jun Feng
Aminophylline (AMP) is a bronchodilator. The therapeutic and toxic doses are very close. Therefore, therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of AMP is essential in clinical practice. Microgels were synthesized by free radical precipitation polymerization. Silver@poly( N-isopropyl acrylamide) (Ag@PNIPAM) hybrid microgels were obtained by loading silver (Ag) nanoparticles into the three-dimensional network
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Measurement of the Optical Constants of Sand Samples Using Ellipsometry on Sand–Adhesive Composites Appl. Spectrosc. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-02-22 Jesse A. Frantz, Matthew B. Hart, Cobey L. McGinnis, Jason D. Myers, Kenneth J. Ewing, James B. Selby, Kevin J. Major, Abbie T. Watnik, Jasbinder S. Sanghera
In order to model the propagation of light through a sand cloud, it is critical to have accurate data for the optical constants of the sand particles that comprise it. The same holds true for modeling propagation through particles of any type suspended in a medium. Few methods exist, however, to measure these quantities with high accuracy. In this paper, a characterization method based on spectroscopic
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A Differential Thermal Lens Spectrometry Method for Trace Detection Appl. Spectrosc. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-02-20 Enrique Cedeño, Rodrigo Zuleta, Jorge L. Mejorada Sánchez, Salvador Alvarado, Ernesto Marín
Thermal lens spectroscopy (TLS) is a high-sensitivity method to determine the concentration of light-absorbing species in samples. Here, we implemented a transient configuration of the technique, with a focused pump and a collimated probe beam coaxially propagating. A Fabry–Perot optical resonator is incorporated allowing multi-passing of the probe beam through the sample to enhance sensitivity. We
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Saccharomyces cerevisiae CellWall Remodeling in the Absence of Knr4 and Kre6 Revealed by Nano-FourierTransform Infrared Spectroscopy Appl. Spectrosc. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-02-20 Gorkem Bakir, Tanya E. S. Dahms, Helene Martin-Yken, Hans A. Bechtel, Kathleen M. Gough
The cell wall integrity (CWI) signaling pathway regulates yeast cell wall biosynthesis, cell division, and responses to external stress. The cell wall, comprised of a dense network of chitin, β-1,3- and β-1,6- glucans, and mannoproteins, is very thin, <100 nm. Alterations in cell wall composition may activate the CWI pathway. Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a model yeast, was used to study the role of individual
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LEGO Blocks as “Standard” Samples for Evaluation of Fluorescence Avoidance and Mitigation in Raman Spectroscopy Appl. Spectrosc. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-02-20 Richard A. Crocombe, Brooke W. Kammrath, Pauline E. Leary, Thomas J. Tague, William D. P. Costa
Fluorescence interference in Raman spectroscopy is a well-known problem and is especially significant in portable instruments where the availability of a variety of exciting wavelengths is unlikely. Several fluorescence avoidance and mitigation schemes are described in the literature, and implemented by Raman spectrometer manufacturers, but there is no standard method for evaluating the accuracy and
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Real-Time Tissue Classification Using a Novel Optical Needle Probe for Biopsy Appl. Spectrosc. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-02-19 Lukasz Surazynski, Ville Hassinen, Miika T. Nieminen, Tapio Seppänen, Teemu Myllylä
Core needle biopsy is a part of the histopathological process, which is required for cancerous tissue examination. The most common method to guide the needle inside of the body is ultrasound screening, which in greater part is also the only guidance method. Ultrasound screening requires user experience. Furthermore, patient involuntary movements such as breathing might introduce artifacts and blur
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Near-Infrared Spectroscopy for Distinguishing Malignancy in Thyroid Nodules Appl. Spectrosc. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-02-19 Hendra Zufry, Agus Arip Munawar
Thyroid nodules are common clinical entities, with a significant proportion being malignant. Early, accurate, and non-invasive tools to differentiate benign and malignant nodules can optimize patient management and reduce unnecessary surgery. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and accuracy of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) in distinguishing benign from malignant thyroid nodules. A diffuse
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Mid-Infrared Generated Laser-Induced Grating Signals in Methane-Containing Gas Mixtures as Indicators of Composition, Pressure, and Temperature Appl. Spectrosc. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-02-19 Anna-Lena Sahlberg, Dina Hot, Zhongshan Li, Dimitrii Kozlov
The present work is aimed at studying how spatially periodic modulations of the refractive index of the medium, i.e., laser-induced gratings (LIGs), generated in a gas mixture containing methane (CH4) by nanosecond pulses of resonant mid-infrared laser radiation, can be used to measure various gas parameters. It is investigated to what extent the temporal profiles of the LIG signals, recorded as the
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Real-Time Tracking of Carbon Dioxide Concentration Using an Optical Microsphere Resonator Sensor Appl. Spectrosc. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-02-15 Brandon Demory, Logan Echeveria, Christian Tolfa, Sara Harrison, Victor Khitrov, Allan S.P. Chang, Tiziana Bond
Whispering gallery mode resonator sensors are nondisruptive optical sensors that can detect and monitor perturbations in a gaseous environment. Through its resonant properties of peak wavelength, amplitude, and quality factor (Q factor), changes in concentration can be quantified within seconds and monitored over days with great stability. In addition, the small footprint, low cost, and high sensitivity
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Co-Localized Infrared–Raman Spectroscopy: An Innovative Approach for the Quantitative In Situ Analysis of Gas Mixtures at High Pressures Appl. Spectrosc. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-02-13 Grégoire Boé, Jean-Luc Bruneel, Thierry Tassaing
This article spotlights the interest in using co-localized infrared (IR)–Raman spectroscopy as an innovative approach for the in situ monitoring of complex gas mixtures, e.g., hydrogen (H2), nitrogen (N2), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), and methane (CH4), at elevated pressures. Thus, by combining the IR and Raman spectra of CH4, we proposed a new methodology for the calibration of the
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Tabular Two-Dimensional Correlation Analysis for Multifaceted Characterization Data Appl. Spectrosc. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-02-12 Shun Muroga, Satoshi Yamazaki, Koji Michishio, Hideaki Nakajima, Takahiro Morimoto, Nagayasu Oshima, Kazufumi Kobashi, Toshiya Okazaki
We propose tabular two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy analysis for extracting features from multifaceted characterization data, essential for understanding material properties. This method visualizes similarities and phase lags in structural parameter changes through heatmaps, combining hierarchical clustering and asynchronous correlations. We applied the proposed method to data sets of carbon
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Laser-Induced Plasmas of Plutonium Dioxide in a Double-Walled Cell Appl. Spectrosc. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-02-06 Eliel Villa-Aleman, Emily H. Kwapis, Bryan J. Foley, Thomas C. Shehee, Don D. Dick, Jason R. Darvin, Henry M. Ajo, Kyle C. Hartig
Plutonium research has been stifled by the significant number of administrative controls and safety procedures, space and instrumentation limitations in radiological gloveboxes, and the potential for personnel and equipment contamination. To address the limited number of spectroscopic studies in Pu-bearing compounds in the current scientific literature, this work presents the use of double-walled cells
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Comparison of Frequency-Domain and Time-Domain Baseline Correction Approaches for Infrared Absorption Spectroscopy of Mixtures Containing Up to 464 Components Appl. Spectrosc. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-02-02 Haruna Okada, Scott T. Sanders
Many baseline correction approaches have been developed to address baseline artifacts observed in measured infrared (IR) absorption spectra during post-processing. These approaches offer distinct advantages and disadvantages, and the choice of which one to employ depends on the complexity of baseline artifacts present in a particular application. In this paper, we compare the performance of two baseline
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Hard-Target Reflection Laser Spectroscopy of Carbon Monoxide Gas Concentration for the Early Detection of Spontaneous Combustion of Coal Appl. Spectrosc. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-02-02 Toshihiro Somekawa, Naohiro Manago, Shinri Kurahashi, Tatsuo Shiina, Akifumi Yogo, Hiroaki Kuze
We report on the hard-target reflection spectroscopy of carbon monoxide (CO) gas based on the technique of infrared tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy aiming at developing a low-cost yet sensitive sensor for the early detection of spontaneous coal combustion. A narrow-band distributed feedback laser emitting around 2333.7 nm is used to monitor CO gas molecules contained in a 5 cm gas cell
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Simultaneous Application of Raman and Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy in the Gas Phase With a Single Laser and Detector Appl. Spectrosc. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Johannes Kiefer
Raman spectroscopy and laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) are powerful tools for molecular and elemental analysis, respectively. Their combined application, however, is challenging due to the differences in the signal generation and detection characteristics. This note proposes three experimental schemes for the simultaneous application of Raman and LIBS for gas-phase diagnostics. Ring-cavity
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Enhanced Spectral Resolution and Two-Dimensional Correlation Spectroscopy (2D-COS) Appl. Spectrosc. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Isao Noda
The apparent enhancement of spectral resolution is one of the attractive features of two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2D-COS). Highly overlapped adjacent bands often encountered in one-dimensional spectra may be effectively differentiated and identified by spreading peaks along the second dimension. This differentiating feature or selectivity is especially prominent in asynchronous spectra
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Deep-Learning-Enabled High-Fidelity Absorbance Spectra from Distorted Dual-Comb Absorption Spectroscopy for Gas Quantification Analysis Appl. Spectrosc. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Chao Huang, Tianyou Zhang, Xiangchen Kong, Yan Li, Haoyun Wei
Dual-comb absorption spectroscopy has been a promising technique in laser spectroscopy due to its intrinsic advantages over broad spectral coverage, high resolution, high acquisition speed, and frequency accuracy. However, two primary challenges, including etalon effects and complex baseline extraction, still severely hinder its implementation in recovering absorbance spectra and subsequent quantification
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Expert System for Fourier Transform Infrared Spectra Recognition Based on a Convolutional Neural Network With Multiclass Classification Appl. Spectrosc. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-01-29 Daniil S. Koshelev
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) is a widely used spectroscopic method for routine analysis of substances and compounds. Spectral interpretation of spectra is a labor-intensive process that provides important information about functional groups or bonds present in compounds and complex substances. In this paper, based on deep learning methods of convolutional neural networks, models
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Sophisticated Attenuated Total Reflection Correction Within Seconds for Unpolarized Incident Light at 45° Appl. Spectrosc. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-01-23 Thomas G. Mayerhöfer, William D. P. Costa, Jürgen Popp
The most common mid-infrared (MIR) attenuated total reflection (ATR) accessory has a nominal angle of incidence of 45° and does not have a polarizer. A spectrum recorded with such an accessory does not hold enough information for the sophisticated ATR correction of MIR spectra with strong peaks, which are often strongly affected by refractive index changes due to anomalous dispersion. Here we show
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Hepatoprotective Effect Assessment of C-Phycocyanin on Hepatocellular Carcinoma Rat Model by Using Photoacoustic Spectroscopy Appl. Spectrosc. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-01-16 Alvarado-Noguez Margarita Lizeth, Blas-Valdivia Vanessa, Thompson-Bonilla María del Rocio, Franco-Colín Margarita, Jacinto-Méndez Damián, Cruz-Orea Alfredo, Cano-Europa Edgar, Rojas-Franco Placido
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary neoplasia of the liver with elevated mortality. Experimental treatment with antioxidants has a beneficial effect on the experimental models of HCC. Arthrospira maxima (spirulina) and its phycocyanin have antitumoral action on different tumoral cells. However, it is unknown whether phycocyanin is the responsible molecule for the antitumoral effect
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Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Substrate Time Stability Improvement Using an External Oxygen Barrier Method Appl. Spectrosc. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-01-16 Congxi Song, Xiaoping Li, Zhihui Jiang, Shen Zhang, Hongmin Mao, Xin Zhao, Huanjun Lu, Zhaoliang Cao
The poor time stability of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates greatly limits their application potential. Although core–shell structures are commonly used to enhance stability, their complex preparation processes, high costs, and susceptibility under acidic or alkaline conditions result in serious disadvantages for practical applications. Here, we propose a new method of external oxygen
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Standoff Deep Ultraviolet Raman Spectrometer for Trace Detection Appl. Spectrosc. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-01-11 Sergei V. Bykov, Sanford A. Asher
We developed a state-of-the-art, high-sensitivity, low-stray-light standoff deep-ultraviolet (DUV) Raman spectrometer for the trace detection of resonance Raman-enhanced chemical species. As an excitation source for Raman measurements, we utilized our recently developed, second-generation, miniaturized, diode-pumped, solid-state neodymium-doped gadolinium orthovanadate (Nd:GdVO4) laser that generates
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Fluorescent Biomass-Based Platform for Detection of ClO− in Cells and Water-Soluble Systems Appl. Spectrosc. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-01-09 Jing Nie, Xinxue Tang, Jianhua Wei, Zebiao Li, Binbin Zhou, Xi Dai, Wenli Wu, Zhonghai Ni
The generation and presence of excessive hypochlorous acid derivative ionic form (ClO−) could cause various diseases, such as arteriosclerosis, DNA damage, and cardiovascular illness. It is a critical need to develop a highly sensitive sensor for reliable detection of ClO− in cells and water-soluble systems. In this work, a hydroxyl group has been introduced into the compound 2-amino-3-(((E)-4-(2-
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Two-Dimensional Correlation Spectroscopy (2D-COS) Analysis of Evolving Hyperspectral Images Appl. Spectrosc. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-01-05 Isao Noda
The evolutionary behavior is examined for heterogeneously distributed hyperspectral images of a simulated biological tissue sample comprising lipid-like and protein-like components during the aging process. Taking a simple planar average of a spectral image loses useful information about the spatially resolved nature of the data. In contrast, multivariate curve resolution (MCR) analysis of a spectral
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Design, Characterization, and Bioanalytical Applications of Green Terbium- and Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Quantum Dots as a Fluorescent Nanoprobe for Omadacycline Analysis Appl. Spectrosc. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-01-03 Baher I. Salman, Ahmed I. Hassan, Hany A. Batakoushy, Roshdy E. Saraya, Mohamed A. A. Abdel-Aal, Ahmed Al-Harrasi, Adel Ehab Ibrahim, Yasser F. Hassan
Terbium- and nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots (Tb,N@CQDs) were greenly created employing microwave synthesis from plum juice with terbium nitrate. The synthesis of Tb,N@CQDs was fast (7 min) with a high quantum yield (35.44%). Tb,N@CQDs were fully characterized using transmission electron microscopy, Zeta potential analysis, fluorescence, and ultraviolet spectroscopy. Omadacycline (OMC) is a broad-spectrum
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Detection of Chylous Plasma Based on Machine Learning and Hyperspectral Techniques Appl. Spectrosc. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-01-03 Yafei Liu, Jianxiu Lai, Liying Hu, Meiyan Kang, Siqi Wei, Suyun Lian, Haijun Huang, Hao Cheng, Mengshan Li, Lixin Guan
Chylous blood is the main cause of unqualified and scrapped blood among volunteer blood donors. Therefore, a diagnostic method that can quickly and accurately identify chylous blood before donation is needed. In this study, the GaiaSorter “Gaia” hyperspectral sorter was used to extract 254 bands of plasma images, ranging from 900 nm to 1700 nm. Four different machine learning algorithms were used,
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Dynamic Multivariate Outlier Detection Algorithm Using Ultraviolet Visible Spectroscopy for Monitoring Surface Water Contamination With Hydrological Fluctuation in Real-Time. Appl. Spectrosc. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Qingbo Li,Xupeng Shao,Houxin Cui,Yuan Wei,Yongchang Shang
The contamination of surface water is of great harm. Ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy is an effective method to detect water contamination. However, surface water quality is influenced by hydrological fluctuation caused by rain, change of flow, etc., leading to changes of spectral characteristics over time. In the process of contamination detection, such changes cause confusion between hydrological
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Calibration of Raman Bandwidths on the Scanning Habitable Environments with Raman and Luminescence for Organics and Chemicals (SHERLOC) Deep Ultraviolet Raman and Fluorescence Instrument Aboard the Perseverance Rover. Appl. Spectrosc. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-11-15 Ryan S Jakubek,Rohit Bhartia,Kyle Uckert,Sanford A Asher,Andrew D Czaja,Marc D Fries,Kevin Hand,Nikole C Haney,Joseph Razzell Hollis,Michelle Minitti,Shiv K Sharma,Sunanda Sharma,Sandra Siljeström
In this work, we derive a simple method for calibrating Raman bandwidths for the Scanning Habitable Environments with Raman and Luminescence for Organics and Chemicals (SHERLOC) instrument onboard NASA's Perseverance rover. Raman bandwidths and shapes reported by an instrument contain contributions from both the intrinsic Raman band (IRB) and instrumental artifacts. To directly correlate bandwidth
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Recognition of the Presence of Bone Fractures Through Physicochemical Changes in Diagenetic Bone. Appl. Spectrosc. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-11-13 Caley Mein,Jennifer R Jones,Catherine Tennick,Anna Williams
Much research has focused on attempting to understand the drivers of bone diagenesis. However, this sensitive process is easily influenced by various factors, particularly the condition of the remains (i.e., whether they have been subjected to trauma). Previous research demonstrates that trauma can influence soft tissue decomposition, yet to date, no studies have looked at how bone fractures could
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Miniaturized and Portable Laser Gas Sensor for Standoff Methane Detection With Non-cooperative Targets. Appl. Spectrosc. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-11-13 Jinyi Li,Wei Ma,Zebin Wang,Yun Zhou,Lingui He,Ming Lin,Yue Ji
A standoff methane (CH4) sensor with actual hard topographic targets (usually called non-cooperative targets) is essential for natural gas pipeline leakage inspection and many other practical applications. To address this requirement, a miniaturized and low-power-consumption gas sensor was developed based on tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy for standoff CH4 detection with a non-cooperative
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Two-Dimensional Amorphous Titanium Dioxide/Silver (TiO2/Ag) Nanosheets as a Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Substrate for Highly Sensitive Detection. Appl. Spectrosc. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-11-09 Lan Zhang,Shiying Wu,Tingting Zhang,Anqi Li,Gongying Wang,Lingling Wang,Chang Liu,Weihua Li,Jiansheng Li,Rui Lu
For the purpose of investigating the chemical enhancement of amorphous semiconductors as well as increasing the sensitivity of the surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrate, titanium dioxide (TiO2) precursors were calcined at different temperatures to generate crystallized TiO2 (c-TiO2) and amorphous TiO2 (a-TiO2) nanosheets, respectively. Afterward, a two-dimensional (2D) a-TiO2/Ag nanosheet
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Single-Bubble Sonoluminescence of Colloidal Suspensions of Europium(II) Salt Nanoparticles. Appl. Spectrosc. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-11-08 Bulat M Gareev,Airat M Abdrakhmanov,Kristina S Vasilyuk,Dim I Galimov,Glyus L Sharipov
Colloidal suspensions of EuCl2, EuBr2, and EuSO4 nanoparticles (<50 nm) in dodecane and EuSO4 in 70% H2SO4 were synthesized. Moving single-bubble sonoluminescence (m-SBSL) spectra were obtained for a bubble performing radial oscillations in these suspensions and translational motions at the antinode of a standing ultrasonic wave with a frequency of about 27 kHz. In these spectra (at a spectral resolution
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Sensitive Detection of an Erbium Isotope in an Atomic Beam Using Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy. Appl. Spectrosc. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-11-08 Wei Wei,Alonso Castro
We have applied cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) to the study of the 166Er isotope in an atomic beam. These measurements were realized with an external cavity diode laser tuned to the 400.9 nm atomic transition of erbium and a customized high-finesse ring-down optical cavity under vacuum. Erbium atomic beams of different number densities were generated in a tantalum foil micro-crucible within the
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Photoacoustic Spectroscopy Gas Detection Technology Research Progress. Appl. Spectrosc. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-11-07 Shuidong Xiong,Xiangyu Yin,Qi Wang,Ji Xia,Ziqiang Chen,Hongwei Lei,Xin Yan,Aisong Zhu,Fengmei Qiu,Binhai Chen,Qiaoyun Wang,Lei Zhang,Keke Zhang
Photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) can be utilized as an ultrasensitive gas detection method. The basic principles of gas detection using PAS are discussed in this paper. First, the basic instrumentation for a PAS gas detection system is introduced focusing on the photoacoustic cell. The discussion includes non-resonant photoacoustic cells and the different types of resonant photoacoustic cells, including
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Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy with Soft Independent Modeling of Class Analogy-Principal Component Analysis for Classifying Cotton Fiber Maturity Phenotypes of Cotton Population Composed of Various Genotypes. Appl. Spectrosc. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-11-07 Yongliang Liu,Hee-Jin Kim
Maturity is a major fiber trait that affects the processing and performance of cotton fiber. Rapid and accurate identification of fiber maturity phenotypes and genotypes is of importance to breeders. Previous studies showed that either conventional fiber measurements or attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR FT-IR) analysis discriminated the immature fiber (im) phenotype
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Vapor-Phase Contribution to Laser-Induced Plasma Emission of Magnesium in Liquid Aluminum. Appl. Spectrosc. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-11-05 Kristbjorg Anna Thorarinsdottir,Mehdi Maghsoudi,Kristjan Leosson
Liquid aluminum containing the important alloying element magnesium in varying concentrations was analyzed using in-situ laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). Magnesium emission shows an exponential dependence on melt temperature that correlates well with the expected partial pressure of magnesium above the aluminum melt. Furthermore, comparison with LIBS measurements on corresponding solid
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Application of Raman Spectroscopy to Dynamic Binding Capacity Analysis. Appl. Spectrosc. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-11-01 James W Beattie,Ruth C Rowland-Jones,Monika Farys,Hamish Bettany,David Hilton,Sergei G Kazarian,Bernadette Byrne
Protein A affinity chromatography is a key step in isolation of biotherapeutics (BTs) containing fragment crystallizable regions, including monoclonal and bispecific antibodies. Dynamic binding capacity (DBC) analysis assesses how much BT will bind to a protein A column. DBC reduces with column usage, effectively reducing the amount of recovered product over time. Drug regulatory bodies mandate chromatography
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Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy-Based Detection of Micro-RNA Biomarkers for Biomedical Diagnosis Using a Comparative Study of Interpretable Machine Learning Algorithms. Appl. Spectrosc. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-11-01 Joy Q Li,Hsin Neng-Wang,Aidan J Canning,Alejandro Gaona,Bridget M Crawford,Katherine S Garman,Tuan Vo-Dinh
Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has wide diagnostic applications due to narrow spectral features that allow multiplex analysis. We have previously developed a multiplexed, SERS-based nanosensor for micro-RNA (miRNA) detection called the inverse molecular sentinel (iMS). Machine learning (ML) algorithms have been increasingly adopted for spectral analysis due to their ability to discover
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Quantifying Platinum and Palladium in Solid Ore Using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy Assisted by the Laser-Induced Fluorescence (LIBS-LIF) Technique. Appl. Spectrosc. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-10-31 Ismail Elhamdaoui,Samira Selmani,Mohamad Sabsabi,Marc Constantin,Paul Bouchard,François Vidal
The laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy assisted by laser-induced fluorescence (LIBS-LIF) in a two-step process was used to measure the concentration of platinum (Pt) and palladium (Pd) by surface analysis of a solid ore core from the Lac des Iles mine followed by analysis of the same core that was pulverized and compacted. This work focuses mainly on the measurement of Pt since the case of Pd has
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A Calibration-Free Optical Emission Spectroscopic Method to Determine the Composition of a Spark Discharge Plasma Used for AuAg Binary Nanoparticle Synthesis. Appl. Spectrosc. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-10-30 Attila Kohut,Lajos Péter Villy,Gergely Kohut,Gábor Galbács,Zsolt Geretovszky
Spark discharge generators (SDGs) employ controlled gaseous environments to induce spark ablation of non-insulating electrodes, resulting in the formation of various nanostructures in the gas phase. The method offers technological advantages such as continuous particle production, scalable yield, and minimal waste. Additionally, the versatility of the process enables the generation of alloy nanoparticles
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Chiral Monitoring Across Both Enantiomeric Excess and Concentration Space: Leveraging Quantum Cascade Lasers for Sensitive Vibrational Circular Dichroism Spectroscopy. Appl. Spectrosc. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-10-17 Daniel-Ralph Hermann,Georg Ramer,Lisa Riedlsperger,Bernhard Lendl
Recently, high-throughput quantum cascade laser-based vibrational circular dichroism (QCL-VCD) technology has reduced the measurement time for high-quality vibrational circular dichroism spectra from hours to a few minutes. This study evaluates QCL-VCD for chiral monitoring using flow-through measurement of a changing sample in a circulating loop. A balanced detection QCL-VCD system was applied to
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Highly Precise Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy Analysis of Major Mineral Nutrients in Edible Salts Using Miniaturized Salt Ponds and Alternating Laser-Ablation Data Sampling. Appl. Spectrosc. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-10-16 Jeong Park,Song-Hee Han,Sang-Ho Nam,Yonghoon Lee
In this work, we applied a hydrophilicity-enhanced solid substrate and an alternating laser-ablation data sampling (ALADS) scheme to improve laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) measurement precision and demonstrated the performance in analyzing K, Mg, Ca, and S contained in commercially available edible salt products. Five edible salt products from Australia, Bolivia, France, and South Korea
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Thermal Effects in Up-Conversion Luminescence NaYF4: Tm3+, Yb3+ Core-Shell Nanoparticles in the Temperature Range of 18-312 K. Appl. Spectrosc. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-10-12 Jurgis Grube,Jelena Butikova
This work demonstrates the temperature (18-312 K) impact on Tm3+ up-conversion luminescence in core-shell structured NaYF4:Tm3+, Yb3+ nanoparticles excited at 976 nm. As the temperature decreases from room temperature to 18 K, Tm3+ up-conversion luminescence bands intensities greatly increase, an average of 60-fold, emitting intense blue and ultraviolet radiation. Tm3+ up-conversion luminescence spectra
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On-Line Monitoring of Enzymatic Degumming of Soybean Oil Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy. Appl. Spectrosc. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-10-06 Margherita Tonolini,Joanna Wawrzynczyk,Per Munk Nielsen,Søren Balling Engelsen
Degumming is an oil refinement process in which the naturally occurring phospholipids in crude vegetable oils are removed. Enzymatic degumming results in higher oil yield and more cost-efficient processing compared to traditional degumming processes using only water or acid. Phospholipase C hydrolyses phospholipids into diglycerides and phosphate groups during degumming. The diglyceride content can
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Single-Grating Monolithic Spatial Heterodyne Raman Spectrometer: An Investigation on the Effects of Detector Selection. Appl. Spectrosc. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-10-06 Evan M Kelly,Miles J Egan,Arelis Colόn,S Michael Angel,Shiv K Sharma
Spatial heterodyne Raman spectrometers (SHRSs) are modified forms of Michelson interferometers, except the mirrors in a Michelson interferometer are replaced with stationary diffraction gratings. This design removes the need for an entrance slit, as is the case in a dispersive spectrometer, and removes the need to scan the spectrum by using a moving mirror in a modern Michelson interferometer. In previous
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Application of Infrared and Near-Infrared Microspectroscopy to Microplastic Human Exposure Measurements. Appl. Spectrosc. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-10-04 Stephanie Wright,Joseph Levermore,Yukari Ishikawa
Microplastic pollution is a global issue for the environment and human health. The potential for human exposure to microplastic through drinking water, dust, food, and air raises concern, since experimental in vitro and in vivo toxicology studies suggest there is a level of hazard associated with high microplastic concentrations. However, to infer the likelihood of hazards manifesting in the human
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Application of Optical Photothermal Infrared (O-PTIR) Spectroscopy for Assessment of Bone Composition at the Submicron Scale. Appl. Spectrosc. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-09-29 Emily Reiner,Frank Weston,Nancy Pleshko,William Querido
The molecular basis of bone structure and strength is mineralized collagen fibrils at the submicron scale (∼500 nm). Recent advances in optical photothermal infrared (O-PTIR) spectroscopy allow the investigation of bone composition with unprecedented submicron spatial resolution, which may provide new insights into factors contributing to underlying bone function. Here, we investigated (i) whether