Green analytical methods have gained a growing interest in the field of pharmaceutical research to reduce impacts on the environment and enhance analysts’ health safety. Chloramphenicol (CHL), dexamethasone sodium phosphate (DSP) and tetrahydrozoline HCl (THZ) form an ophthalmic ternary mixture that is co-formulated for conjunctivitis treatment. In the present work, for time saving and higher sensitivity

This review describes the application of thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) in the separation and identification of vitamins from their mixtures using different kinds of mobile phases such as isocratic and mixed solvents as well as mobile phases containing various modifiers. TLC has long been used for the separation and semiquantitative determination

Sugars, in particular glucose and fructose, are the main constituents of honey, comprising up to 85% of its total weight. A high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) method to identify and quantify common sugars (glucose, fructose and sucrose) in honey has been developed and fully validated according to the International Conference on Harmonisation guidelines. It allows to determine a honey’s

Misuse and abuse of prescription drugs has become a global health problem in the last few years as the illicit drug cartels have grown exponentially. The non-medical use of prescribed medications, such as benzodiazepines, synthetic opioids, stimulants and tranquilizers, has increased rapidly due to their easy availability. Nowadays benzodiazepines are not only misused/abused, but also play a significant

This review article describes the work reported on the separation and analysis of heavy metal ions by different modes of thin-layer chromatography (TLC) such as soil, micellar, and reversed-phase TLC during 2000–2019. The history of different modes of TLC has been briefly mentioned. The literature survey reveals that the number of papers reported during 2000–2019 on the separation of heavy metal ions

Drug abuse is a global menace in the society. Strict measures are planned and effectuated to dismantle this crime yet a large number of cases of narcotics drugs are seized and referred to forensic science laboratories for analysis. Over the past few years, the misuse of precursor chemicals has increased substantially. Examination of these precursor chemicals, especially ephedrine and its analogues

High-throughput and sensitive determination of triterpenoids is challenging by high-performance liquid chromatographic methods due to their non-chromophoric nature, lipophilic properties, and sequential run. The present study demonstrates the development of a validated high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) method for the simultaneous determination of bioactive terpenoids in the bark of

A highly sensitive, simple, accurate, and precise high-performance thin-layer chromatographic (HPTLC) method was developed and validated for the quantitative determination of adapalene in the presence of its degradation products. The method employed precoated silica gel G 60 F254 on aluminum sheets using an appropriate solvent system which gives a compact spot of adapalene at RF value 0.58. The densitometric

Food adulteration is a primary global concern for public health, especially in developing countries, due to the lack of monitoring and appropriate policy developments and implementations. Synthetic colors and dyes are used to enhance the appearance of food products. Metanil Yellow (MY), a non-permitted, toxic, chief additive adulterant is majorly used in sweets, pulses, and turmeric in India owing

The present research paper includes the development, validation, and comparison of three analytical methods including spectrofluorimetric, ultraviolet (UV)-spectrophotometric, and spectrodensitometric methods based on high-performance thin-layer chromatographic (HPTLC) technique for the estimation of riociguat in tablet dosage form. The estimation was performed at wavelength maxima of 322 nm for UV-spectrophotometry

The thin-layer chromatographic (TLC) analysis of extracts/compounds has several applications in the field of food, cosmetics, phytochemistry, and pharmaceutical industry. Mangiferin is a bioactive and natural antioxidant polyphenolic xanthone obtained from different dietary plants and recently gaining remarkable attention due to its high pharmacological significance evident in current scientific validations

Duloxetine hydrochloride is an anti-depressant drug, while 1-naphthol is one of its hepatotoxic impurities. So, there was an urgent need to do simultaneous analysis for both the drug and its toxic impurity. Therefore, a validated high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) method was established for the simultaneous separation and quantification of duloxetine hydrochloride and 1-naphthol in

Crataeva nurvala Buch-Ham. (Capparidaceae) is an important medicinal plant, the bark of which is extensively used in Ayurveda as a remedy for kidney stones, urinary tract infections, prostate-related disorders, and benign prostatic hypertrophy. In this study, a sensitive and reliable high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) method has been developed for the simultaneous quantification of

Azo dyes, in spite of being additives, are indeed an integral constituent of consumer goods with bio-therapeutic values. The addition of dyes is for consumer compliance which lends a sense of pleasing aesthetics to the consumption ready product, “a kind of placebo effect”. Consequently, imperative need of the hour is felt to quantify such azo dyes due to complications like skin allergic reactions,

A novel flow chromatographic immunoassay method using end-point dilution was developed in our laboratory as an alternative to the homogeneous enzyme immunoassay, for low-cost, simple, and fast semi-quantitative analyses of drugs of abuse in human urine. A serial dilution of the positive test sample using rapid test cassettes is continued until reaching the lowest dilution, with a visual detectable

Radix Astragali is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), which strengthens the efficacy in tonifying Qi after honey-processing. However, a comparative study on the marker compounds in raw and honey-processed Radix Astragali has not been reported. A rapid and sensitive high-performance thin-layer chromatographic (HPTLC) method has been established for the analysis of astragaloside IV and calycosin-7-O-β-glucoside

Herbal medicine is gaining its popularity day by day and gradually streaming toward integration into the mainstream healthcare systems. Therefore, standardization of herbal formulations is essential in order to assess quality of the drugs. Two commonly used paradigms, compound and pattern-based approaches, were performed to ensure quality and hence product consistency. A rapid, sensitive, and reproducible

Quality risk assessment and design of experiment (DoE)-based quality by design (QbD) approach has been applied for the development of a stability-indicating assay method for acidic degradation kinetic study of apremilast. Quality risk assessment started with the identification of risk factors for method development by preliminary experimentation, prior knowledge of chromatography, and brainstorming

The aim of this study was the separation of cholic, ursodeoxycholic, chenodeoxycholic, deoxycholic, and lithocholic bile acids by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) with mobile phases based on surfactants. The effect of surfactant type and concentration, the pH of the mobile phase, the type and amount of the mobile phase modifier, and the effect of temperature and type of material backed silica gel TLC

The present study was designed to develop and validate a high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) system for the simultaneous quantitative determination of berberine and rutin in Tinospora cordifolia extract and their pharmaceutical preparations. Chromatographic development was done using a blend of n-hexane, ethyl acetate, glacial acetic acid and methanol (10:1.1:1.1:2.5, v/v) as the mobile

A sensitive and reliable high-performance thin-layer chromatography method has been developed for the simultaneous estimation of bavachin, bakuchiol, and psoralen in Psoralea corylifolia seeds. The methanolic extract of the seeds was applied on a silica gel G 60 F254 plate. The plate was developed using toluene–ether, 1:1, saturated with 10% acetic acid (v/v) as the mobile phase and detection and quantification

Using honey as a model sample, the aim of this study is to develop and validate a simple, rapid screening tool that allows for the visualization of constituents that contribute to the antioxidant activity of a complex natural product and to quantify their individual antioxidant effects even if their chemical identity is unknown. The method employs a validated analysis, which is based on the separation

It is known that textile dyes have various risks on human health. Glutathione-S-transferase enzymes play a critical role in the detoxification of xenobiotics in living systems. This study aimed to examine the interaction of methylene blue with human erythrocyte glutathione-S-transferase purified in one step. Human erythrocyte glutathione-S-transferase was purified with approximately 750-fold purification

No published studies reported triazophos (TZP) analysis in human whole blood following fatal intoxication. In this study, a method for the determination of TZP in human whole blood using liquid–liquid extraction (LLE) and thin-layer chromatography (TLC)–ultraviolet (UV) densitometry is described. Chromatography was performed on silica gel 60F254 TLC plates using mobile phase n-hexane:acetone (8:2,

Mycotoxin contamination is an ongoing problem for all kinds of food commodity, and it is necessary to investigate the extent of this problem in baby food products. It is seen that factors such as developing technology, urbanization, and intense work tempo change dietary habits in every age group. The aim of this study was to provide a current overview on patulin (PAT) contamination of fruit-based baby

Paying attention to issue of environmental protection is an unavoidable duty which encourages analytical society to balance between establishment of new analytical method and preservation of the environment from the harmful chemicals. By adopting this concept, an excellent green high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) method was developed for assessment of carbamazepine, the antiepileptic

Retention behaviour of twenty-one chalcones synthesized in our laboratory was tested in three thin-layer chromatography (RP-TLC) systems (acetonitrile–water, ethanol–water and acetone–water) and chromatography parameters \( {R}_M^0 \), S and C0 were calculated. The most suitable RP-TLC system (acetonitrile–water) and chromatography parameter (C0) for lipophilicity prediction of tested compounds were

Green validated high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods were established for resolving ephedrine hydrochloride (EPH), naphazoline nitrate (NAP), and methylparaben (MET) mixture. Method A is HPTLC–densitometric one that depends on their separation and quantitation on HPTLC silica gel 60 F254 plates, using ethyl acetate:ethanol:triethylamine

A sensitive, accurate, precise, and robust high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) method has been developed for the simultaneous quantification of empagliflozin, linagliptin, and metformin HCl in bulk and synthetic mixture. The method applied HPTLC aluminum plates pre-coated with silica gel 60 F254 as the stationary phase along with n-butanol:water:glacial acetic acid (6:3:1, v/v) as the

A stability-indicating high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) method was developed and validated for determination of arterolane maleate and piperaquine phosphate in combined dosage form. This study was carried out by using the mobile phase containing isopropyl alcohol:n-butanol:methanol:triethylamine (3:6:1:0.2 v/v). The method was validated as per the International Conference on Harmonization

The purpose of the present study was to develop a simple, rapid and sensitive high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) method for the simultaneous estimation of 5-fluorouracil (5FU) and berberine (BER) in rabbit plasma. BER and 5-FU are currently under extensive studies for their synergistic effects in cancer chemotherapy. The HPTLC method was developed using TLC aluminum plates precoated

Stability-indicating reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) and normal-phase high-performance thin-layer chromatography (NP-HPTLC) methods have been developed for the determination of palonosetron which is a potent antiemetic drug used with chemotherapy. Forced degradation studies were performed on palonosetron to study its stability behavior. The drug was subjected to acid

The current research aimed to investigate the pharmacognostical, phytochemical and quantification of rutin in leaves of Phoenix sylvestris by high-performance thin-layer chromatographic (HPTLC) method. Various extracts of the leaves of P. sylvestris were prepared in different solvents by cold maceration method. The extracts were subjected to various chemical tests for detection of various secondary

This paper deals with chromatographic method development for the simultaneous estimation of levocetrizine hydrochloride and montelukast sodium in their combined dosage form using analytical quality by design approach. The main objective for application of analytical quality by design approach was to identify conditions where an adequate separation could be achieved within a robust region. Critical

The metabolite contents of the plants may vary with season and geographic variations, and this induces the biological potential of the plant species. The present study aimed to identify the elite chemotype(s) of Plumbago zeylanica, collected from the natural habitat of Gangetic plains on the basis of plumbagin content. The effect of intra-specific variability in the plumbagin content among the population

The synthetic pesticide profenofos is a member of organophosphate insecticide compounds. It is an important synthetic insecticide and has a diversified role in agriculture. During the last decade, profenofos was frequently misused in homicidal, accidental, and suicidal poisoning cases. Since then, a large number of visceral samples have been received for toxicological chemical analysis. Thin-layer

Enantiomeric separation of (RS)-atenolol, and (RS)-propranolol has been achieved by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) using both direct and indirect modes. (S)-naproxen, containing a carboxylic group, was utilized as the chiral selector. For direct TLC separation, (S)-naproxen was used as a chiral additive in the stationary phase in a non-covalent mode and there was no chiral additive in the mobile phase;

Superfine pulverization and ordinary pulverization were used to obtain powders with different particle sizes in different parts of Fructus rosae laxae. High-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) was used to carry out a simple, fast, qualitative, and quantitative analysis of vitamin C in Fructus rosae laxae. The effects of superfine pulverization and ordinary pulverization on the vitamin C content

Accurate, simple, and selective spectrophotometric and spectrodensitometric methods were developed and adopted to quantify velpatasvir (VPS) and sofosbuvir (SFV) concurrently in their pure forms and tablets. The spectrophotometric technique was based on the first derivative of ratio spectra (1DD) technique and developed to determine VPS and SFV simultaneously in table formulation. However, the spectrodensitometric

A new, simple, precise, accurate and selective high-performance thin-layer chromatographic (HPTLC) method has been developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of ledipasvir and sofosbuvir in their tablet dosage form. Chromatographic separation was carried out on Merck TLC aluminum sheets of silica gel 60 F254 using ethyl acetate:hexane:methanol in the ratio of 8:1.25:0.75 (% v/v) as

HPTLC is a useful and practical analytical tool to characterize plant compositions. This study was focused on exploring the results of high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) analysis, particularly as a useful tool for the authentication of Allanblackia parviflora seed and kernel cakes. Bulked samples from sixteen different Ghanaian communities were analysed by HPTLC and their fingerprints

Ethyl p-methoxycinnamate (EPMC) is the main active ingredient in Kaempferia galanga rhizome (KGR). At present, the correlation study of the component by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) has been reported. High-performance thin-layer chromatographic scanning (HPTLCS) method has been widely used for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of many chemical components, but has not yet been

An HPTLC (high-performance thin-layer chromatography) method was carried out to develop a feasible, simple and accurate method for the estimation of exact concentration of flavonoids in Moringa oleifera. The simultaneous determination of rutin, chlorogenic acid, and gallic acid extracted from different parts (leaf, stem, flower, and root) of M. oleifera was performed and analysis was carried out on

Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) hyphenated to bioassays is a modern tool used for discovery of drugs with diverse biological activities from plant extracts which justifies the continuous need for developing such methods. A new TLC–bioautography assay for detecting peroxidase enzyme inhibitors was developed and validated in this study. Peroxidases are related to pathogenesis of many diseases such as

Bivariant multiple development thin-layer chromatography technique (BMD–TLC) along with high-performance liquid chromatography–diode array detection–electrospray ionization–mass spectrometry (HPLC–DAD–ESI–MS) analysis was used in determination of lutein or lutein mixed with zeaxanthin in eight dietary supplements. The developed two-step TLC separation procedure combined purification, compaction of

A sensitive, reliable and rapid high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) method for the determination of arctiin and arctigenin in Arctium tomentosum Mill. was established. A. tomentosum Mill. extract was used for chromatographic analysis. The ratio of chloroform and methanol was 48:5 as mobile phase. Temperature is 20–23 °C and humidity is less than 30%. The scanning wavelength is 280 nm

The proposed research study was undertaken to establish a simple, rapid and sensitive high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) method for the quantification of trigonelline (TGN) in methanolic, aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts of different brands of coffee samples with different colours due to roasting time. The proposed HPTLC methodology was carried out using glass coated silica gel 60

The electrophoretic behavior of twenty anions has been studied on silica gel-G, titanium (IV) tungstate and silica gel-G- titanium (IV) tungstate admixture layers using 0.1 M solutions of oxalic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, succinic acid and acetic acid as background electrolyte. The mechanism of migration is explained in terms of adsorption and the solubility of various sodium or potassium salts

Qternmet XR® (FDA approval, May 2019) is a multitarget anti-diabetic drug combination composed of metformin (MET), saxagliptin (SAX) and dapagliflozin (DAP). To our present knowledge, no analytical reports were found in the scientific databases for the simultaneous quantification of MET, SAX and DAP in their ternary combined tablets, moreover, no articles have attempted the simultaneous estimation

A thin-layer chromatography (TLC)-bioautography-mass spectrometry (MS) method coupled with a liquid chromatography- MS-controlled autopurification system was developed and applied for screening and isolating natural dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) inhibitor from plant extracts. An unknown constituent with potential DPP IV inhibitory activity from bulbs of Fritillaria cirrhosa was discovered using

The merits of chemometrics in categorizing different Egyptian olive chemovarieties based on their compositional integrity were implemented in this study. Fingerprints of 9 different olive leaves varieties cultivated in Egypt were established using reversed-phase high-performance thin-layer chromatography (RP-HPTLC) prior to and after post-chromatographic derivatization with natural product–polyethylene

Arctium lappa L. (Asteraceae) occupies a prominent position in the ethnotherapeutics practices. The herb is known to contain a number of bioactive metabolites, which have immense therapeutic value. The objective of our present investigation was to estimate the variation of metabolites in different parts and phonological stages of A. lappa. This investigation has been done using a high-performance thin-layer

BackgroundAyurvedic medicines show great promise due to their holistic approach in the treatment of diseases. However, proper standardization is necessary for their integration into mainstream medicine. One such well-known Ayurvedic trailing herb is Benincasa hispida (Thunb.) Cogn. Its fruit contains numerous secondary metabolites, including quercetin, and is used to treat urinary calculi, blood disease

Direct resolution of enantiomers of (RS)-ketorolac was achieved by thin-layer chromatography on silica gel plates using enantiomerically pure L-tryptophan, L-valine, L-methionine, and L-histidine as chiral additive in the stationary phase. The solvent system (acetonitrile, methanol water, and chloroform) with different ratios was successful in resolving the enantiomers. Spots were detected by use of

In the present study, a design of experiment (DoE) approach was used to optimize chromatographic conditions for the development of a high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) method for the simultaneous estimation of metformin hydrochloride (MET) and ursodeoxycholic acid (URSO) in pharmaceutical dosage form. The critical factors were identified using a Taguchi design, and after identification

This paper includes the development of a novel, systematic, quality by design (QbD)-based high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) method for the simultaneous estimation of torsemide and eplerenone. Chromatographic separation was carried out on aluminum-backed silica gel 60 F254 plates using toluene–ethyl acetate–glacial acetic acid (7:3:0.1, V/V) as the mobile phase. UV detection was carried

A new, simple, accurate, and precise high-performance thin-layer chromatographic (HPTLC) method has been developed for the separation and simultaneous estimation of aspirin and omeprazole. Standard and sample solutions of aspirin and omeprazole were applied to aluminum foil silica gel G 60 F254 HPTLC plates. The plates were developed with ethyl acetate–dichloromethane–glacial acetic acid 8:2:0.1 (V/V)

The objective of this study was to develop a new rapid and robust high-performance thin-layer chromatographic (HPTLC) method for the estimation of rivaroxaban (RRB) in tablet dosage form using a quality by design approach. Chromatography was performed using a pre-coated silica gel aluminum plate 60 F254 (10 cm × 10 cm) as the stationary phase and toluene-methanol (7:3, V/V) as the mobile phase. Detection

Genotoxic impurities can be described as impurities that can induce genetic mutations and chromosomal breaks, or that damage the genetic information within a cell, which may lead to cancer. The European Medical Agency (EMA) and the United States Food and Drug Administration (US FDA) have set a threshold of toxicological concern (TTC) of genotoxic impurities 1.5 μg per day. In a continuous effort to

Thin-layer chromatography is one of the most efficient analysis methods that have remained very popular for many decades, despite the high rates of modern science development and the relative simplicity of the method discussed. One should note that the frequency of published works is virtually an estimate of the value of the given method by chemists-analysts. The result of the conducted scientometric