Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder. Neurite atrophy and synaptic loss initiate the onset of neuronal death, while the activated M1 microglia-induced neuroinflammatory microenvironment inhibits neurite regeneration and exacerbates neuronal loss. Thus, optimizing the brain microenvironment using small compounds through suppressing activated M1 microglia and promoting

In this study, antiphytopathogenic fungi activities of the leaf and cones essential oils and its constituents from Cunninghamia lanceolata were evaluated in vitro against 6 plant pathogenic fungi. The main compounds responsible for the antiphytopathogenic fungi activities were isolated and identified. The essential oil from the fresh leaves and cones of C. lanceolata was isolated using hydrodistillation

Plant endophytic fungi are an important part of plant microecosystems and a natural resource for human survival and development. Various bioactive natural products produced by plant endophytic fungi show promising prospects in biopharmacy, agricultural production, and industrial fermentation. Terpenoids, the most numerous and structurally diverse natural products from endophytic fungi, possess a broad

An efficient bioactive tracking separation strategy based on liquid-liquid extraction and high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) was developed and used to isolate bioactive natural products from the endophytic fungus Chaetomium globosum residing in Ginkgo biloba. Using HSCCC, the novel metabolite chaetoglobol acid (1) as well as 11 known compounds (2-12), including 6 chlorinated azaphilones

The severe acute respiratory syndrome-related Coronavirus 2 or novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infection has been declared a world pandemic causing 499 913 deaths in 216 countries around the world as of June 29, 2020. In China, traditional herbal and or/alternative medicines have been used alone or in combination with conventional drugs to treat infected patients. This approach has shown promising results

Black rice bran extract (BRBE), containing various biologically active compounds, such as anthocyanin, has antioxidant activity and numerous pharmacological effects. Here, we aimed to confirm the immunostimulatory effects of BRBE in cyclophosphamide (CP)-induced immunosuppressed cells. Our results confirmed that BRBE exerted an immunostimulatory effect. In vitro, BRBE treatment enhanced cell proliferation

The quest to determine and use polyphenolic compounds present in fruits and vegetables as natural antioxidants has recently attracted much attention due to their beneficial health effects. In this study, the total polyphenol content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), total anthocyanin content (TAC), antioxidant activity (AA), and individual polyphenol components of Simon No. 1, Yuzi No. 7, Shangshu

The cause of the immunogenicity of Acanthopanax senticosus injection has been studied. The method used for the preparation of the injection includes boiling the plant material in water, precipitation with ethanol, and filtration to produce the extract. In the current study, this extract was treated with saturated ammonium sulfate to collect the protein from the extract. Indicators of systemic allergy

The current study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of 5,7-dihydroxy-6-oxoheptadecanoic acid (DHA) from Tiliacora triandra on rat models of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). T2DM was induced with a combination of high-fat diet/streptozotocin (HFD/STZ), and diabetic rats were treated with DHA (25 mg/kg) for 30 days. The body weight, fasting blood glucose (FBG), serum, and liver biochemical

Thirty-two different solvent mixtures containing methanol and acid (acetic, formic, and hydrochloric); methanol, water, and acid; and pure methanol were tested for their efficiency for extraction of phenolic compounds from aronia (Aronia melanocarpa) belonging to the groups of anthocyanins, flavonols, and hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives. Thirteen compounds were detected and quantified in the extracts

The current study was undertaken to isolate and identify anti-inflammatory and antiallergic active compounds in the ethyl acetate and butanol fractions of an ethanolic extract of the aerial parts of Stellera chamaejasme (SCAE). A new maltol glucoside, maltol 3-(6″-(2-(E)-butenoyl)-glucoside) and benzoic acid, daphnoretin (a coumarin), 6 flavonoids (apigenin, genkwanin, taxifolin, apigenin 7-O-glucoside

A total of 10 male collegiate distance runners participated in a randomized crossover trial. After completing a warm-up, each participant ingested 300 mL of a test drink and performed 2 sets of pedaling for the duration of 10 minutes (tests 1 and 3) and a 30-second sprint test (tests 2 and 4) with 3-minute interval. During the exercise tests, participants were instructed to make a full power output

The effect of emodin on complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA)-induced inflammatory pain in rats and its potential molecular mechanism was investigated. For this, a rat model of inflammatory pain induced by CFA was established and rats were treated with emodin by intraperitoneal injection. The pain threshold was evaluated by the von Frey, thermo hyperalgesia, and cold plate tests. The mRNA expression of

Phytolacca americana L. is traditionally used in Korea, Japan, and China as a diuretic, antibacterial, antiviral, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory agent, and also in the treatment of hepatitis B, psoriasis, edema, and rheumatism. In this study, we evaluated the subchronic toxicity of an aqueous extract of P. americana (PAAE) in male and female F344 rats. The rats were orally administered PAAE (0,

Boeno, S. I. S., Passos, M. de S., Félix, M., Calixto, S. D., Júnior, A. R. C., Barbosa Siqueira, L. F., Vieira, I. J. C. (2020). Antimycobacterial Activity of Milemarinol, a New Squalene-Type Triterpene, and Other Isolate? Natural Product Communications. https://doi.org/10.1177/1934578X20925589

The lichen host, Amandinea medusulina, collected from mangrove habitats in Sri Lanka, and its associated endolichenic fungi were isolated and identified by rDNA-ITS sequence analysis and morphological features. One of the fungal strains frequently isolated from the lichen thalli was identified as Xylaria psidii. This study aimed at the isolation and identification of the cytotoxic compounds present

A new ellagic acid derivative 3,3′-di-O-methylellagic acid 4′-α-l-arabinopyranoside (1), with 9 known compounds identified as 3,3′-di-O-methylellagic acid (2), 3,3′-di-O-methylellagic acid 4′-α-d-arabinofuranoside (3), 3,3′-di-O-methylellagic acid 4′-β-d-glucopyranoside (4), 3,3′-di-O-methylellagic acid 4′-β-d-xylopyranoglucoside (5), 3,3′,4-tri-O-methylellagic acid 4′-β-d-glucopyranoside (6), tormentic

Gastric ulcer (GU) is one of the major gastrointestinal disorder diseases, with increasing incidence and prevalence globally. Modified Xiaochaihu granules (MXCHG) have been used effectively for treating chronic gastritis and GU clinically. To investigate the pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of MXCHG, an ultraperformance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry

Kaempferide is an O-methylated flavonol that has received much attention due to its various biological activities. In this study, we explored the underlying mechanisms of kaempferide in human lung cancer A549 cells. The Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, Hoechst 33342/propidium iodide double staining, flow cytometry, scratch wound healing assay, and Western blot analysis were used to measure cell apoptosis

In this study, an ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC)/photodiode array method was developed for the simultaneous determination of trigonellan glucoside (1), isotrigonellan (2), and methoxy-isotrigonellan (3) in Trigonella stellata extract using an external standard method. The extract was prepared using a standardized method by maceration of the dried plant material in ethanol. The 3 isoflavans

Quality problems with Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill (SCB) and Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd.et Wils. (SSR) have been increasing owing to their obvious difference in supply and demand. In this study, qualitative and quantitative studies were carried out on the contents of various components of SCB and SSR, which provided the reference for the quality control of the raw materials of SCB and SSR

A new neo-lignan named (7ʹS,8ʹR)-4ʹ,5ʹ,9ʹ-trihydroxy-5-methoxy-4,8ʹ-oxyneolign-7-en-9-al (1), together with 5 known compounds (2-6) were isolated from the ethylacetate-soluble extract of Acanthopanax senticosus. The structure of new neo-lignan was elucidated with spectroscopic and physicochemical analyses. All the isolates were evaluated for in vitro cytotoxicity against 4 human cancer lines including

N ε-(Carboxymethyl)lysine (CML), which is formed by the glycation of collagen, is a skin-accumulating advanced glycation end product and has been shown to be deeply involved in diabetic osteopenia and skin aging. In this study, we prepared the phlorotannins of marine algal polyphenols from Japanese Lessoniaceae (Ecklonia cava, Ecklonia kurome, cultured E. kurome, Ecklonia stolonifera, Eisenia nipponica

The World Health Organization declared the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-coronavirus (CoV)-2 virus outbreak as a pandemic on May 27, 2020. Since then, more than 5 488 825 cases across the world have been recorded at the time of revising this article. Governments around the world have imposed serious containment measures, meanwhile, the healthcare system is overburdened due to large increases

Betanin is a phytocompound whose effect in steatohepatitis has not yet been tested. Betanin was extracted from the fruits of Hylocereus ocamponis, and its effects were evaluated in a mice model for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Six-week-old male BALB/c mice fed with a high-fat diet received 9.6 mg of betanin per day during 40 days. Body, liver, and epididymal fat pad weights and the levels of

The volatile constituents, toxicity, antinociception, and anti-inflammatory activities of the essential oil obtained from the leaf of Mucuna pruriens utilis collected from Nigeria are reported. The essential oil was analyzed comprehensively utilizing gas chromatography (GC)-flame ionization detector and GC coupled with mass spectrometry (MS) using the HP-5 column. The antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia found in the elderly. AD is caused by the accumulation of toxic proteins including amyloid-β (Aβ). The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of fruit extract of Aegle marmelos against Aβ toxicity in Caenorhabditis elegans. The fruit of A. marmelos has been used in a traditional Thai herb formula in fatigue patients recovering

A new veratramine-type alkaloid (1), along with 4 known compounds (2-5), was isolated from the roots of Veratrum maackii var. japonicum (Baker) T. Shimizu. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of NMR and mass spectroscopic data. All compounds were evaluated for their antioxidant activities using 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS+) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl

The volatile oils of fresh and air-dried buds of 3 different varieties of Cannabis, namely, high cannabidiol (CBD) chemotype, intermediate CBD/tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) chemotype, and high THC chemotype were prepared by hydrodistillation. Gas chromatography analysis of the volatile oils resulted in the identification of 71 compounds, of which 33 were monoterpenes and 38 were sesquiterpenes. The volatile

Melanoma is the most aggressive type of skin cancer due to its rapid metastasis with a high recurrence rate following conventional therapy. Pine bark extract (PBE) from Pinus maritima contains numerous phenolic compounds and functions as a potent antioxidant. The present study aimed to analyze the potential anticancer properties of PBE on human malignant melanoma A375 cells. The chemical composition

A new triterpene, named milemaronol (1), was isolated from Homalolepis suffruticosa Engl., Simaroubaceae, along with 10 known metabolites, chaparrinone (2), scopoletin (3), 5-methoxycanthin-6-one (4), eurylene (5), hispidol A (6), hispidol B (7), nilocitine (8), α-dihydronylocytine (9), β-dihydronylocytine (10), and teurilene (11). These compounds were characterized based on their spectral data, mainly

In order to develop a series of novel compounds with antiplatelet aggregation activities, 3,15-disuccinate-12-coumarin substituted derivatives were designed and synthesized based on the natural product andrographolide. In vitro antiplatelet aggregation activities were evaluated by the turbidimetric method with thrombin, adenosine diphosphate (ADP), arachidonic acid (AA), and collagen as inducers. The

In needle cuticular wax of Pinus halepensis, nonacosan-10-ol is high (77.08% on average). n-Alkanes ranged from C18 to C35 with the most dominant C27 and C29 (32.4% and 25.8%, respectively). The carbon preference index ranged from 3.2 to 5.4 (3.4 on average), while the average chain length ranged from 14.0 to 18.0 (17.2 on average). Long-chain n-alkanes strongly dominated (95.1%).

Dermatophytosis is a fungal infection of the skin caused by a group of pathogenic fungi known as dermatophytes. Therefore, we investigated those medicinal plants that were being used by local people and traditional healers to treat skin infections in the Mopani District, Limpopo Province. A survey was conducted through the use of a semistructured program to gather information on the common names, plant

Astragalus membranaceus (Fish.) Bunge is a perennial herb distributed in the northern part of China, and its roots, namely, Hang qi, are included as a natural ingredient in dietary supplement formulations commonly used to treat different disorders such as respiratory infections, diabetes, and heart failure. The availability of a simple method for the determination of the quality of Astragalus herbal

Piceid, stilbenoid glucoside, is a representative resveratrol derivative. Because of a high tyrosinase inhibitory activity of piceid through resveratrol derivatives, transdermal delivery of piceid has been desired for taking advantage of the activity. Here we successfully prepared composite nanoparticles composed of anionic phospholipid of 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylglycerol (DPPG) and

In leaf cuticular wax of Pinus pinaster, content of nonacosan-10-ol is high (77.1% on average). n-Alkanes ranged from C18 to C35 with the most dominant C29 (24.8%). The carbon preference index (CPItotal) ranged from 3.1 to 5.6 (4.0 on average), while the average chain length (ACLtotal) ranged from 14.0 to 17.0 (14.8 on average). Long-chain n-alkanes (n-C25-35) strongly dominated (80.1%) over middle-chain

Gegen Qinlian decoction (GQD) is a traditional Chinese medicine that is used to treat non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in the clinic. The pharmacodynamics and cellular pathways governing the effects of GQD on NAFLD remain undefined. In this study, we investigated GQD pharmacology through assessment of its chemical constituents and evaluated and screened its components using drug likeness,

One new triterpene, 24-ene-2′-methyl carboxy acetylquercinicate, and 3 known compounds were isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of the fruiting bodies of Trametes orientalis (Yasuda) Imazeki. Their structures were elucidated by means of extensive spectroscopic analysis and compared with data reported in the literature. Furthermore, they were evaluated for their cytotoxicity against 5 human cancer

Cucurbita species (Cucurbita moschata and Cucurbita maxima) are rich sources of nutrients, especially carotenoids and carbohydrates. Metabolites in pulps of C. moschata and C. maxima lines were examined by high-performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Our results revealed that glucose and sucrose were the dominant sugars in C. maxima and C. moschata, respectively

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1 virus) exploits several host factors for assembly, infection, and replication within the infected cells. In this work, we describe the evidence for an interaction of the N-terminal domain of the HIV-1 capsid protein with human calmodulin. The precise role of this interaction within the life cycle of the HIV-1 virus is yet to be defined. Potential roles for this

The antibiotic resistant threat is continuing to grow, due in part to the overuse of antibiotics in livestock feed. Many nations in Europe have banned the use of antibiotics in feed, leading to higher rates of infection in livestock animals and reduced productivity for the food market. Increasingly, researchers are looking into the efficacy of phytopreparations to replace antibiotics in feed, allowing

This review summarizes the chemical composition reported up to date on Laurus nobilis L. (Lauraceae), an evergreen shrub or tree cultivated for its aromatic leaves and ornamental interest. It has been focused on non-volatile phytochemicals such as sesquiterpene lactones, flavonoids and proanthocyanidins, among others. Moreover, biological activities of laurel extracts and pure compounds have also been

Apocarotenoids are metabolites originated by degradation of carotenes through the loss of carbon atoms placed at the side chain of their structure as consequence of oxydative reactions. We present here the first review of apocarotenoids in the fungi mucorales Phycomyces blakesleeanus, Blakeslea trispora and Mucor mucedo. This review is divided into two parts: the first one presents their structures

Metathesis reactions is firmly established as a valuable synthetic tool in organic chemistry, clearly comparable with the venerable Diels-Alder and Wittig reactions and, more recently, with the metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions. Metathesis reactions can be considered as a fascinating synthetic methodology, allowing different variants regarding substrate (alkene and alkyne metathesis) and type

Fourteen essential oils (EOs) from selected live germplasm of medicinal plants have been tested for their antitrypanosomal and cytotoxic activity. These plants have been domesticated and maintained under experimental cultivation. Their EOs were tested on epimastigote forms of Trypanosoma cruzi strain Y and human lung fibroblasts LC5 cell line, along with the major components of the active oils, both

Essential oils composition of three Tagetes minuta varieties and a wild population (WP) from Argentina and their in vitro and in vivo nematicidal activity against root-knot nematode, Meloidogynejavanica, are described. All T. minuta EOs tested were very active against nematode juveniles (J2), but the strongest nematicidal effects were exhibited by the TmV3 variety oil, characterized by a high content

A group of 28 N-benzylidene aniline derivatives structurally related to the natural stilbene resveratrol has been prepared through condensation of anilines with the corresponding aldehydes. The ability of these imines to inhibit proliferation of two tumor cell lines (HT-29 and MCF-7) and one non-tumor cell line (HEK- 293) was first determined. Subsequently, we determined the ability of some of the

In an earlier work we reported that treatment of precocene I with Brönsted and Lewis acids produces its oligomerization, giving dimers, trimers, tetramers, etc. Now, in this article we show that bromination of precocene I with phenyltrimethylammonium tribromide (PTT) blocks its oligomerization giving a dibromo- dimer, which was reduced with tri-n-butyl tin hydride affording the same dimer obtained

Seagrasses are marine plants that play important ecological functions in coastal ecosystems. The species Zostera noltei is widely distributed along the European coasts thriving in a variety of environmental conditions. In this study, the phenolic natural products of Z. noltei have been analyzed quantitatively by using UPLC-MS. Plants from the Natural Park of the Bay of Cadiz (Spain) were shown to contain

Epimeric catechin and epicatechin peracetates offer the possibility to explore the number of conformers needed for the absolute configuration determination without affecting the reliability of the assignment. Comparisons between experimental and DFT B3PW91/DGDZVP calculated curves showed that, in molecules.where the conformational flexibility generates a large number of conformers, it is possible to

Phytochemical analysis of the root bark extract of Maytenus cuzcoina (Celastraceae) led to the isolation and characterization of sixteen triterpenoids with a 6/6/6/6/6 pentacyclic system, including the new 22α-hydroxy-29-methoxy-3β-tetradecanoate-olean-12-ene, and 3β,24β-epoxy-29-methoxy-2α,3α,6α- -trihydroxy-D:A-friedelane that is reported for the first time as a natural product. This is the first

Two new macrocyclic diterpenes, 2-epi-latazienone (4) and 15β-acetoxy-7β-nicotinoyloxy-3β,8α-di-(2-methylpropanoyloxy)-4αH,9αH,l1αH-lathyra- 5E,12E-dien-14-one (5), and three known lathyrane-type diterpenes (1-3) were isolated from Euphorbia laurifolia latex. Their structures were determined on the basis of a detailed analysis of their 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic and mass spectral data.

Sclareol has been employed as starting material for the synthesis of several advanced intermediates towards the synthesis of highly ring B oxygenated labdanes. Dinorlabdanes 6,7,8,9-tetraoxygenated with 6,7-dioxygenated functionalities with a-cis or O-cis dispositions, have been prepared and can be used for forskolin or analogues synthesis.

The aim of this research was to determine the cytotoxic action of sixteen structurally-related eremophilane-type sesquiterpenes, isolated from several species of Senecio, against a panel of cancer cell lines. The cytotoxic activities were evaluated by WST-I test and the ICso values calculated. The investigated compounds exerted dose-dependent cytotoxic actions against selected cancer cell lines and

Two catalytic cascade cyclization methods (radical and 'cationic) to obtain aromatic polycyclic diterpenes hydroxylated at C3 starting from aromatic epoxypolyprenes were developed. The catalytic use of the Lewis superacid bismuth triflate produces a good yield of cyclized 2 from epoxypolyprene 3. This researchmay well direct future efforts to the synthesis of bioactive natural products.

Carvone has corroborated its versatility as starting material for building blocks synthesis in organic chemistry, being achieved a new chiral lactone. It has been done a study on the antioxidant activity against superoxide of carvone and a chloro derivative that show the potent activity of the natural product (R)-carvone, 1.

Recently, numerous metabolites possessing uncommon structures and potent bioactivity have been isolated from strains of fungi collected from diverse environments. The genus Aspergillus is known as a rich source of y-butyrolactones. These are a group of fungal secondary metabolites, consisting of a five- membered lactone bearing two aromatic rings, which shows a great variety of biological activities

The chemical compositions have been investigated of the volatile oils of nine populations of six species from Albania, namely Artemisia absinthium, Calamintha nepeta, Hypericum perforatum, Sideritis raeseri subsp. raeseri, Origanum vulgare subsp. hirtum from two wild .populations, and Salvia officinalis (sage) from two wild and one cultivated population,. The essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation