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Machinability of MoS2 after Oxygen Plasma Treatment under Mechanical Scanning Probe Lithography Crystals (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-15 Yang He, Xing Su, Kuo Hai
The surface of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) underwent oxygen plasma treatment to enhance its machinability and mitigate the tearing effects commonly associated with mechanical forces on 2D materials. This treatment led to the oxidation of the atoms on the top 1–3 layers of MoS2, resulting in the formation of MoO3 on the surface. During mechanical scanning probe lithography (m-SPL), only the surface
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Correction: Pang et al. Burning Rate Prediction of Solid Rocket Propellant (SRP) with High-Energy Materials Genome (HEMG). Crystals 2023, 13, 237 Crystals (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-18 Weiqiang Pang, Victor Abrukov, Darya Anufrieva, Dongping Chen
There was an error in the original publication [...]
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Crystallography and Interface Structures in As-Arc Melted and Laser Surface-Remelted Aluminum–Silicon Alloys with and without Strontium Addition Crystals (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-18 Bibhu P. Sahu, Mohsen T. Andani, Arkajit Ghosh, Jian Wang, Amit Misra
The crystallography of the eutectic Al-Si microstructure in both unmodified and Sr (0.2 wt.%)-modified hypereutectic Al-20 wt.% Si alloys, processed via arc-melting and laser surface remelting, has been comprehensively characterized using transmission electron microscopy and electron diffraction. Although, under as-cast conditions, specific orientations between different planes of Al and Si, satisfying
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Synthesis and Crystallographic Characterization of Heteroleptic Ir(III) Complexes Containing the N-oxide Functional Group and Crystallographic Characterization of Ir(III) N-oxide Precursors Crystals (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-16 Emily E. Stumbo, Emarald K. Hodge, Matthew Williams, Diana A. Thornton, Colin D. McMillen, Jared A. Pienkos
The N-oxide functional group has been exploited for synthetic strategies and drug design, and it has been utilized in imaging agents. Herein, we present rare examples of neutral heteroleptic cyclometallated Ir(III) compounds that contain an uncoordinated N-oxide functional group. These species, along with others described within, were verified by NMR, EA, HRMS, and single-crystal X-ray analysis. N-oxide-containing
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Correction: Lopresti, M. et al. The Crystal Structure of Calcium Sebacate by X-ray Powder Diffraction Data. Crystals 2023, 13, 261 Crystals (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-15 Mattia Lopresti, Marco Milanesio, Luca Palin
In the original publication [...]
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CaH2-Assisted Molten Salt Synthesis of Zinc-Rich Intermetallic Compounds of RhZn13 and Pt3Zn10 for Catalytic Selective Hydrogenation Application Crystals (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-15 Yasukazu Kobayashi, Koharu Yamamoto, Ryo Shoji
Zinc-included intermetallic compound catalysts of RhZn, PtZn, and PdZn with a molar ration of Zn/metal = 1/1, which are generally prepared using a hydrogen reduction approach, are known to show excellent catalytic performance in some selective hydrogenations of organic compounds. In this study, in order to reduce the incorporated mounts of the expensive noble metals, we attempted to prepare zinc-rich
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Structural Evolution and Mechanical Behavior of Ytterbia Doped Hafnia Biphasic Ceramics under Annealing at 1500 °C Crystals (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-15 Yang Wu, Hao Lan, Xiaoming Sun, Zihao Hu, Yonghui Sun, Huifeng Zhang, Chuanbing Huang, Weigang Zhang
HfO2 has become a promising thermal barrier coating material due to its similarity in structure and chemical properties with ZrO2 and its higher phase structure transition temperature. However, the fracture toughness of HfO2 is not ideal, greatly limiting its application. In this report, we find a special sandwich structure of ceramics, comprising a cubic (C) phase /monoclinic (M) phase/cubic (C) phase
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Multi-Source Ferrous Metallurgical Dust and Sludge Recycling: Present Situation and Future Prospects Crystals (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-13 Jiansong Zhang, Yuzhu Zhang, Yue Long, Peipei Du, Tielei Tian, Qianqian Ren
Multi-source ferrous metallurgical dust and sludge are significant components of iron-containing solid waste in the iron and steel industry. It is crucial for the sustainable operation of steel enterprises to recycle iron from ferrous metallurgical dust and sludge (FMDS) for use in steel smelting. However, besides Fe, FMDS also contains valuable elements such as Zn, Pb, K, and Na, among others. While
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The Effect of Annealing Treatment on the Microstructure and Texture of a Cold-Rolled TiNiFe Shape Memory Alloy Tube Crystals (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-14 Jianxian Wen, Xiaoyun Song, Yanfeng Li, Shuwei Liu, Yang Yu, Wenjun Ye, Songxiao Hui
The effect of annealing treatment on the microstructure and texture of a Ti50Ni47Fe3 shape memory alloy tube was studied. The results show that the recrystallization process of a cold-rolled Ti50Ni47Fe3 alloy tube occurs at 600 °C. The microstructure changes from long striped grains to equiaxed recrystallized grains. The main texture of the alloy tube is the fiber texture <111> parallel to RD. With
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Decoding Material Structures with Scanning Electron Diffraction Techniques Crystals (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-14 Sangmoon Yoon
Recent advancements in electron detectors and computing power have revolutionized the rapid recording of millions of 2D diffraction patterns across a grid of probe positions, known as four-dimensional scanning transmission electron microscopy (4D-STEM). These datasets serve as the foundation for innovative STEM imaging techniques like integrated center of mass (iCOM) and symmetry STEM (S-STEM). This
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Comparative Analysis of Room Temperature Structures Determined by Macromolecular and Serial Crystallography Crystals (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-14 Ki Hyun Nam
Temperature directly influences the function and structure of proteins. Crystal structures determined at room temperature offer more biologically relevant structural information regarding flexibility, rigidity, and thermal motion than those determined by conventional cryocrystallography. Crystal structures can be determined at room temperature using conventional macromolecular crystallography (MX)
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Floating Zone Growth of Pure and Pb-Doped Bi-2201 Crystals Crystals (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-11 Maria Roslova, Bernd Büchner, Andrey Maljuk
In this review, we summarize recent progress in crystal growth and understanding of the influence of crystal structure on superconductivity in pure and Pb-doped Bi2Sr2CuOy (Bi-2201) materials belonging to the overdoped region of high-temperature cuprate superconductors. The crystal growth of Bi-2201 superconductors faces challenges due to intricate materials chemistry and the lack of knowledge of corresponding
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Molecular Dynamics Study of Friction between Ag Nanoparticle and Two-Dimensional Titanium Carbide Ti2C (MXene) Crystals (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-12 Vadym Borysiuk, Iakov A. Lyashenko, Valentin L. Popov
We report the results of atomistic simulations of friction between two-dimensional titanium carbide Ti2C (MXene) and a silver nanoparticle located on its surface. Numerical experiments were performed within classical molecular dynamics methods using a previously developed scheme for simulations of interactions between MXenes and metal nanoparticles. In the computer experiments performed, both tangential
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Low-Temperature Manufacture of Cubic-Phase Li7La3Zr2O12 Electrolyte for All-Solid-State Batteries by Bed Powder Crystals (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-11 Taehong Park, Sunho Lee, Dong-Min Kim
As the demand for battery technology with enhanced safety and high energy density increases, solid-state batteries are currently attracting attention as a solution to problems such as fire and explosion risks associated with lithium-ion batteries. In this study, experiments were conducted to synthesize and optimize Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO), a solid electrolyte that is a key component of lithium-ion batteries
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Mechanical Response of Cu/Sn58Bi-xNi/Cu Micro Solder Joint with High Temperatures Crystals (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-10 Xiangxia Kong, Junjun Zhai, Ruipeng Ma, Fenglian Sun, Xuemei Li
Sn58Bi solder is considered a promising lead-free solder that meets the performance requirements, with the advantages of good wettability and low cost. However, the low melting point characteristic of Sn58Bi poses a serious threat to the high-temperature reliability of electronic products. In this study, Sn58Bi solder alloy based on nickel (Ni) functionalization was successfully synthesized, and the
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Automatic Detection of Cast Billet Dendrite Based on Improved Hough Transform Crystals (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-08 Yuhan Wang, Qing He, Zhi Xie
Primary dendrite information is one of the most important metrics to measure the quality of continuous cast slabs. The contrast of low magnification images is very low under the influence of illumination and sampling devices, so the traditional dendrite detection method has the problem of missed detections. We propose an automatic dendrite detection method based on an improved Hough transform, which
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Synthesis of BaZrS3 and BaS3 Thin Films: High and Low Temperature Approaches Crystals (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-09 Tim Freund, Sumbal Jamshaid, Milad Monavvar, Peter Wellmann
Current research efforts in the field of the semiconducting chalcogenide perovskites are directed towards the fabrication of thin films and subsequently determine their performance in the photovoltaic application. These efforts are motivated by the outstanding properties of this class of materials in terms of stability, high absorption coefficient near the band edge and no significant health concerns
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Effect of Traps on the UV Sensitivity of Gallium Oxide-Based Structures Crystals (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-09 Vera M. Kalygina, Alexander V. Tsymbalov, Petr M. Korusenko, Aleksandra V. Koroleva, Evgeniy V. Zhizhin
Resistive metal/β-Ga2O3/metal structures with different interelectrode distances and electrode topologies were investigated. The oxide films were deposited by radio-frequency magnetron sputtering of a Ga2O3 (99.999%) target onto an unheated sapphire c-plane substrate (0001) in an Ar/O2 gas mixture. The films are sensitive to ultraviolet radiation with wavelength λ = 254. Structures with interdigital
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Binder-Free Two-Dimensional Few-Layer Titanium Carbide MXene Ink for High-Performance Symmetric Supercapacitor Device Applications Crystals (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-06 Vediyappan Thirumal, Palanisamy Rajkumar, Jin-Ho Kim, Bathula Babu, Kisoo Yoo
A heightened interest in developing MXene (Ti3C2Tx) for energy storage is evident in binder-free MXene ink being directly applied to current collector Ni-foam. Moreover, 2D titanium carbide MXene, with a few layers of nanostructure, has been prepared for symmetric supercapacitor device applications. As-prepared MXene nanosheets exist in two forms: dried powder and ink, achieved through wet-chemical
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Correction: van Delft et al. Two- and Three-Dimensional Superconducting Phases in the Weyl Semimetal TaP at Ambient Pressure. Crystals 2020, 10, 288 Crystals (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-08 Maarten R. van Delft, Sergio Pezzini, Markus König, Paul Tinnemans, Nigel E. Hussey, Steffen Wiedmann
In the original publication [...]
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A Multiband and Multifunctional Metasurface for Linear and Circular Polarization Conversion in Reflection Modes Crystals (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-08 Saima Hafeez, Jianguo Yu, Fahim Aziz Umrani, Wang Yun, Muhammad Ishfaq
Multifunctional integrated meta-devices are the demand of modern communication systems and are given a lot of attention nowadays. Most of the research has focused on either cross-polarization conversion (CPC) or linear-to-circular (LP–CP) conversion. However, simultaneously realizing multiple bands with good conversion efficiency remains crucial. This paper proposes a multiband and multifunctional
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Characterization and Formation Mechanism of Ag2MoO4 Crystals via Precipitation Method: Influence of Experimental Parameters and Crystal Morphology Crystals (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-05 Sara Calistri, Alessandro Gessi, Giuseppe Marghella, Stefania Bruni, Alberto Ubaldini
Ag2MoO4 crystals were prepared by a precipitation method by mixing parent solutions of silver nitrate and sodium molybdate. The effects of experimental parameters such as temperature, concentration, and pH were studied. The samples were found to be crystalline, pure, and monophasic in all cases, except in the case of very low pH. The precipitation leads to the formation of the cubic phase β and no
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Synthesis and Crystal Structures of Rhomb-Shaped Dimeric Pd(II) Complexes with Arylethynyl-Substituted 2,2′-Bipyridine through CH⋯π Interactions in the Crystalline States Crystals (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-05 Akiko Hori, Reo Ichisugi, Daiki Azegami, Naoki Toyama, Hidetaka Yuge
Two molecular structures of a complex C26H16Cl2N2Pd (1) with a benzene hemisolvate (1•0.5C6H6) and a complex C34H20Cl2N2Pd (2) revealed similar conformations: one side of the arylethynyl group is flat to the bipyridine plane while the other side of the arylethynyl group is highly twisted to the plane because rhomb-like dimer fragments are formed between respective two complexes through CH⋯π interactions
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Exploring Various Crystal and Molecular Structures of Gabapentin—A Review Crystals (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-06 Justyna Baranowska, Łukasz Szeleszczuk
Novel antiepileptic drugs have been developed at an unparalleled rate during the past 15 years. Gabapentin (GBP), which was approved for the treatment of refractory localization-related epilepsies in the U.K. and Europe in 1993, was one of the first drugs to come out of this era. Since then, GBP has become well-known across the world, not only for its antiepileptic qualities but also for its effectiveness
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Effect of Fluoroalcohol Chain Extension Modified HTPB Binder on the Combustion Performance of Aluminized Propellants Crystals (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-06 Yanjie Huang, Kanghua Chang, Jie Yao, Xueyong Guo, Chen Shen, Shi Yan
To enhance both the mechanical properties of hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) binder and the combustion efficiency of aluminized propellants, 2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-octafluoro-1,6-hexanediol (OFHD) was employed as a chain extender to impart mechanical regulation to the HTPB binder. Mechanical testing showed that the mechanical properties of fluoride-modified HTPB polyurethane (FPU) were significantly
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Preparation of FeNiCoCrCu Thin Films by Ionized Jet Deposition Method: Determination of Elemental Transfer Coefficients Crystals (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-07 Jáchym Lis, Jakub Skočdopole, Petr Jaroš, Jiří Čapek, Karel Trojan, Martin Dráb, Monika Kučeráková, Stanislav Vratislav, Ladislav Kalvoda
Investigation of high-entropy alloys in form of bulk samples as well as thin films is currently one of the fastest growing areas in the study of metal alloys. In this paper, a bulk sample of FeNiCoCuCr high-entropy alloy ingot with equimolar composition is prepared by the laboratory arc melting method under an argon atmosphere and used as a source target for deposition of thin films on Si (111) single-crystalline
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High-Performance N-Polar GaN/AlGaN Metal–Insulator–Semiconductor High-Electron-Mobility Transistors with Low Surface Roughness Enabled by Chemical–Mechanical-Polishing-Incorporated Layer Transfer Technology Crystals (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-04 Bohan Guo, Guohao Yu, Li Zhang, Jiaan Zhou, Zheming Wang, Runxian Xing, An Yang, Yu Li, Bosen Liu, Xiaohong Zeng, Zhongkai Du, Xuguang Deng, Zhongming Zeng, Baoshun Zhang
This article presents the utilization of the chemical–mechanical polishing (CMP) method to fabricate high-performance N-polar GaN/AlGaN metal–insulator–semiconductor high-electron-mobility transistors (MIS-HEMTs) through layer transfer technology. The nucleation and buffer layers were removed via CMP to attain a pristine N-polar GaN surface with elevated smoothness, featuring a low root-mean-square
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Synthesis and Structure of Unsymmetrical Anthracenyl-Isoxazole Antitumor Agents Via the Diastereoselective Bromination of 3-(9′-Anthryl)-Isoxazole Esters Crystals (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-05 Michael J. Campbell, Daniel A. Decato, Chun Li, Matthew J. Weaver, Nicholas R. Natale
In pursuit of unsymmetrical precursors for the novel series of anthracenyl-isoxazole amide (AIM) antitumor agents, a series of substituted anthracenes were subjected to bromination and re-aromatization in our study, during which we solved four single crystal X-ray diffractometry (Sc-xrd) structures which we report herein. The C-9 nitrile oxide, after its reaction with bromine, was isolated, but when
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Variable-Temperature Non-Linear Optical Imaging Witnesses Change in Crystalline Rotor Dynamics at Phase Transition Crystals (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-06 Guillaume Bastien, Cécile Mézière, Patrick Batail, Denis Gindre
We present a novel approach to second harmonic microscopy combining variable temperature and photon counting. This innovative method aims to generate Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) images by scanning the same area multiple times with short pixel dwell times and low excitation intensities, as illustrated by imaging the full extent of a single crystalline rod of (1,4-bis((4′-(iodoethynyl)phenyl) ethynyl)
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Effect of Sulphate-Reducing Bacteria Activity on the Performance of Thermally Sprayed Aluminium and Polyurethane Coatings Crystals (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-06 Iñigo Santos-Pereda, Virginia Madina, Elena Rodriguez, Jean-Baptiste Jorcin, Esther Acha
In the present work, we studied whether the exposure of synthetic seawater with anaerobic sulphate-reducing bacteria (SRB) on some steel samples generates a bacterial biofilm in their surfaces. Bare steel belonging to a mooring chain as well as two coating systems applied on the steel surface were studied: polyurethane (PU) and thermally sprayed aluminium (TSA) with and without an epoxy-based sealant
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Influence of Processing Temperature and Strain Rate on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Magnesium Alloys Processed by Single-Pass Differential Speed Rolling Crystals (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-06 Christopher Hale, Zhigang Xu, Svitlana Fialkova, Jessica Rawles, Jagannathan Sankar
Magnesium-based alloys show significant promise for widespread applications owing to their lightweight nature and improved mechanical properties achieved through grain refinement via hot rolling. This investigation focuses on Mg-xAl-yCa-zMn (AXM alloys), pre-heated to temperatures of 350, 400, and 450 °C and processed via both single-pass differential speed rolling (DSR) and conventional rolling (CR)
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Magnetic, Dielectric, Electrical, Optical and Thermal Properties of Crystalline Materials Crystals (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-04 Mohamed Khitouni, Joan-Josep Suñol
This Special Issue entitled “Magnetic, Dielectric, Electrical, Optical and Thermal Properties of Crystalline Materials” is devoted to a general overview of the subject of crystalline materials and may extend to the nanocrystalline field [...]
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Raman Spectroscopy of Crystalline Materials and Nanostructures Crystals (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-03 Bernardo A. Nogueira, Chiara Castiglioni
One of the biggest challenges in the field of material science lies in understanding the structure and behavior of crystalline materials and nanostructures [...]
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Solvation, Hydration, and Counterion Effect on the Formation of Ag(I) Complexes with the Dipodal Ligand 2,6-Bis[(imidazol-2-yl)thiomethyl]naphthalene Crystals (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Renny Maria Losus, Simran Chaudhary, Liliana Dobrzańska
A series of new Ag(I) complexes with 2,6-bis[(imidazol-2-yl)thiomethyl]naphthalene (L) and a range of counterions (X−) such as PF6− (1, 2), SbF6− (3), and CF3SO3− (4) was prepared. As shown by SCXRD studies, all of these are 1D coordination polymers with a waved chain motive and general formula {[AgL]X}n. Two methanol solvates containing PF6− (1) and SbF6− (3) counterions are isostructural. The triflate
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Pre-Polymer Chain Length: Influence on Permanent Memory Effect of PDLC Devices Crystals (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-02 Ana Mouquinho, Maria Teresa Barros, João Sotomayor
This study delved into the correlation between the chain length of PEG polymerizable oligomers and the electro-optical properties exhibited by the resultant PDLC films. A range of di(meth)acrylate oligomers derived from polyethylene glycol with varying molecular weights (Mn = 1000, 2000, 4000, and 6000 g mol−1) was synthesized for incorporation as the polymer matrix in PDLC devices. Comprehensive analyses
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Uncommon Cold-Rolling Faults in an Fe–Mn–Si–Cr Shape-Memory Alloy Crystals (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-02 Gheorghe Bădărău, Mihai Popa, George Stoian, Ana-Maria Roman, Radu-Ioachim Comăneci, Bogdan Pricop, Nicanor Cimpoeșu, Leandru-Gheorghe Bujoreanu
The paper analyzes the occurrence of evenly spaced cracks on the surface of lamellar specimens of Fe-28Mn-6Si-5Cr (mass %) shape-memory alloy (SMA), during cold rolling. The specimens were hot rolled and normalized and developed cold rolling cracks with an approximate spacing of about 1.3 mm and a depth that increased with the thickness-reduction degree. At normalized specimens, X-ray diffraction patterns
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Kidney Stones: Crystal Characterization Crystals (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2024-02-29 Carmen González-Enguita, Rosario García-Giménez
The variety of types that appear in kidney stones makes it necessary to describe them to try to understand their formation. The crystalline phases recognized in stones are classified according to their chemical composition. For this reason, a study using X-ray microdiffraction, Raman spectroscopy, SEM/EDX analysis, and cathodoluminescence (CL) is recommended, to identify their composition. In the present
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Investigation into the Effects of Cross-Sectional Shape and Size on the Light-Extraction Efficiency of GaN-Based Blue Nanorod Light-Emitting Diode Structures Crystals (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2024-02-29 Bohae Lee, Han-Youl Ryu
We investigated the effect of cross-sectional shape and size on the light-extraction efficiency (LEE) of GaN-based blue nanorod light-emitting diode (LED) structures using numerical simulations based on finite-difference time-domain methods. For accurate determination, the LEE and far-field pattern (FFP) were evaluated by averaging them over emission spectra, polarization, and source positions inside
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Rapid Growth of Niobium Oxide Nanowires by Joule Resistive Heating Crystals (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Aarón Calvo-Villoslada, Paloma Fernández, Belén Sotillo
Joule heating of niobium (Nb) metal wires by running a high electric current density through them has been used to grow Nb2O5 nanowires. The formation of a micrometric oxide layer on the Nb wires has also been observed. The size and density of the nanowires are related to the current values applied, as well as the thickness of the oxide layer formed. Characterization of both nanowires and oxide layer
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Experimental and Computational Study of Microhardness Evolution in the HAZ for Al–Cu–Li Alloys Crystals (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Stavroula Maritsa, Stavros Deligiannis, Petros E. Tsakiridis, Anna D. Zervaki
The Laser Beam Welding (LBW) of aluminum alloys has attracted significant interest from industrial sectors, including the shipbuilding, automotive and aeronautics industries, as it expects to contribute to significant cost reduction associated with the production of high-quality welds. To comprehend the behavior of welded structures in regard to their damage tolerance, the application of fracture mechanics
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Excited State Calculations of Cu-Doped Anatase TiO2 (101) and (001) Nanofilms Crystals (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Yin-Pai Lin, Elina Neilande, Hanna Bandarenka, Siarhei Zavatski, Inta Isakoviča, Sergei Piskunov, Dmitry Bocharov, Eugene A. Kotomin
Excited state calculations are performed to predict the electronic structure and optical absorption characteristics of Cu-doped anatase TiO2 nanofilms, focusing on their (101) and (001) surface terminations. Using model structures that successfully represent the equilibrium positions of deposited Cu atoms on the TiO2 surface, a comprehensive analysis of the absorption spectra for each considered model
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Defect Modes Generated in a Stack of Spin-Coated Chiral Liquid Crystal Layers Crystals (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2024-02-28 Frederik Van Acker, Bo-Han Lin, Chun-Ta Wang, Kristiaan Neyts, Jeroen Beeckman
Nematic chiral liquid crystals (CLCs) are characterized by a helical arrangement of nematic LC molecules. A layer of CLC typically exhibits an optical reflection band due to Bragg reflection in the helical structure. When several layers of CLC are spin-coated and polymerized on top of each other without a barrier layer in between, defect modes can form in their reflection spectrum. By comparing experimental
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Growth, Structure, and Electrical Properties of AgNbO3 Antiferroelectric Single Crystal Crystals (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2024-02-28 Dengxiaojiang Zhao, Zhenpei Chen, Borui Li, Shi Feng, Nengneng Luo
AgNbO3 (AN) lead-free antiferroelectric material has attracted great attention in recent years. However, little focus has been directed toward a single crystal that can provide more basic information. In this study, we successfully grew high-quality AN single crystals, using a flux method, with dimensions of 5 × 5 × 3 mm3. A systematic investigation into the crystal structure, domain structure, and
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Strain-Modulated Electronic Transport Properties in Two-Dimensional Green Phosphorene with Different Edge Morphologies Crystals (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2024-02-29 Shuo Li, Hai Yang
Based on two-dimensional green phosphorene, we designed two molecular electronic devices with zigzag (Type 1) and whisker-like (Type 2) configurations. By combining density functional theory (DFT) and non-equilibrium Green’s function (NEGF), we investigated the electronic properties of Types 1 and 2. Type 1 exhibits an interesting negative differential resistance (NDR), while the current characteristics
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Facile Synthesis of a Broad Range of Colloidal Nanocrystals by Membrane-Mediated pH Gradient under Ambient Conditions Crystals (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2024-02-29 Shahab Ranjbar Bahadori, Ryan Hart, Aditi Mulgaonkar, Yunfeng Wang, Samuel Fuentes, Yi Hong, Ye Cao, Jiechao Jiang, Xiankai Sun, Yaowu Hao
We report a simple synthesis process for a wide variety of ultrasmall nanocrystals. Simply immersing a dialysis bag containing an aqueous solution of a metal salt mixed with citric acid in a NaOH solution reservoir for 10 min, nanocrystals measuring only a few nanometers in size are formed inside the dialysis bag. We demonstrated the synthesis of ultrasmall nanocrystals of Co, Ni, Cu, Ag, Au, Pd, Cu2O
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Improving the Energy Storage Performance of Barium Titanate-Based Ceramics through the Addition of ZnO-Bi2O3-SiO2 Glass Crystals (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2024-02-29 Peifeng Xiong, Man Xiao, Zhonghua Yao, Hanxing Liu, Hua Hao
Lead-free ceramics with excellent energy storage performance are important for high-power energy storage devices. In this study, 0.9BaTiO3-0.1Bi(Mg2/3Nb1/3)O3 (BT-BMN) ceramics with x wt% ZnO-Bi2O3-SiO2 (ZBS) (x = 2, 4, 6, 8, 10) glass additives were fabricated using the solid-state reaction method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed that the ZBS glass-added ceramics exhibited a perovskite structure
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Hydrate Formation with the Memory Effect Using Classical Nucleation Theory Crystals (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2024-02-29 I. Yucel Akkutlu, Emre Arslan, Faisal Irshad Khan
Methane hydrate formation is analytically studied in the presence of the water memory effect using the classical nucleation theory. The memory effect is introduced as a change in nucleation site from a three-dimensional heterogenous nucleation on a solid surface with cap-shaped hydrate clusters (3D-HEN) to a two-dimensional nucleation on the solid hydrate residue surface with monolayer disk-shaped
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Crystalline Microstructure, Microsegregations, and Mechanical Properties of Inconel 718 Alloy Samples Processed in Electromagnetic Levitation Facility Crystals (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2024-02-29 Yindong Fang, Chu Yu, Nikolai Kropotin, Martin Seyring, Katharina Freiberg, Matthias Kolbe, Stephanie Lippmann, Peter K. Galenko
The solidification of Inconel 718 alloy (IN718) from undercooled liquid is studied. The solidification kinetics is evaluated in melted and undercooled droplets processed using the electromagnetic levitation (EML) technique by the temperature–time profiles and solid/liquid (S/L) interface movement during recalescence. The kinetics is monitored in real time by special pyrometrical measurements and high-speed
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The Thermophysical Properties of TcO2 Crystals (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2024-02-28 Hong Zhong, Jason Lonergan, John S. McCloy, Scott P. Beckman
Technetium-99 is a highly radioactive isotope with a long half-life that is common in nuclear waste. It volatizes at a low temperature, which poses a significant challenge to the clean-up and containment processes. Due to difficulties in purifying technetium compounds, their thermophysical properties have not been measured or calculated. Here, first principle methods are used along with the quasi quasi-harmonic
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Enhancement of Creep Lifetime of Aluminum through Severe Plastic Deformation Crystals (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2024-02-28 Petr Král, Jiří Dvořák, Marie Kvapilová, Andrej G. Kadomtsev, Václav Sklenička
This work investigates the creep behavior of severely deformed commercial aluminum. The commercial aluminum was processed by helical rolling (HR) and equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) at room temperature. During these processes, the equivalent strain up to about 4 was imposed into the as-received material. The creep testing at 200 °C revealed that HR and ECAP significantly increased the time to
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Effect of Solution Annealing Time on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Selective-Laser-Melted 2205 Duplex Stainless Steel Crystals (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2024-02-28 Huanhuan Li, Jinyuan Ma, Guang Li, Wenzhu Zhang, Xianheng Bao, Yu Shi
The 2205 duplex stainless steel (DSS) produced by selective laser melting (SLM) exhibits high strength (1078.8 MPa) but poor plasticity (15.2%) owing to the high cooling rate during SLM, which inhibits the formation of austenite and creates a nearly entirely ferritic microstructure. The dual-phase nature can be restored through solution annealing, which enables well-matched strength and plasticity
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Tribological Behavior and Wear Mechanism of Cu-SiO2 Sintered Composite under Different Sliding Speeds Crystals (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2024-02-28 Qiangqiang Chen, Jian Shang, E Xue
In this paper, the tribological behavior of Cu-SiO2 composite against 1045 steel was studied. Based on the characterization of worn surface, worn subsurface and wear debris in morphology and composition, the friction layer effects on the tribological behavior of coupled materials and the wear mechanism were discussed. Abrasive wear and adhesive wear are the dominant mechanisms at the 0.56 m/s–1.12
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Nanocrystalline (Cu0.5Ni0.5)yFe3−yO4 Ferrites: Synthesis and Characterization Crystals (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2024-02-28 Nikolay Velinov, Tanya Petrova, Daniela Karashanova, Genoveva Atanasova, Daniela Kovacheva
Nanocrystalline materials with the composition of (Cu0.5Ni0.5)yFe3−yO4 and a spinel structure were synthesized by the auto-combustion sol–gel method. The materials were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, Mössbauer spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and N2 physisorption. A decrease in the unit cell parameter and increase in the crystallite size
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Euler’s First-Order Explicit Method–Peridynamic Differential Operator for Solving Two-Dimensional Population Balance Equations in Crystallization Crystals (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2024-02-28 Cengceng Dong, Chunlei Ruan
The population balance equations (PBEs) serve as the primary governing equations for simulating the crystallization process. Two-dimensional (2D) PBEs pertain to crystals that exhibit anisotropic growth, which is characterized by changes in two internal coordinates. Because PBEs are the hyperbolic equations, it becomes imperative to establish a high-resolution scheme to reduce numerical diffusion and
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Effects of Ultrasonic Treatment on Grain Refinement and Gas Removal in Magnesium Alloys Crystals (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2024-02-28 Wenyi Hu, Qichi Le, Qiyu Liao, Tong Wang
The effects of ultrasonic treatment on grain refinement and hydrogen removal in three kinds of magnesium alloys—Mg-3Ca, Mg-6Zn-1Ca, and AZ80 alloys—were investigated in this study. After ultrasonic treatment, the grains of the magnesium alloys were refined to varying degrees. The degassing effect was characterized by measuring the densities and hydrogen content of ingots. The results indicated that
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Potentials and Limits of PMN-PT and PIN-PMN-PT Single Crystals for Pyroelectric Energy Harvesting Crystals (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2024-02-28 Mohammed Es-Souni
Waste heat is inherent to industrial activities, IT services (e.g., data centers and microprocessors), human mobility, and many other common processes. The power lost each year in this way has been estimated in the 1000 TWh in the EU which, owing to skyrocketing energy prices and not least the urgent need for decarbonizing the economy, has engendered tremendous research efforts among scientists and
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Review on Crystallization Strategies for Polymer Single Crystals Crystals (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2024-02-22 Tianyu Wu, Jun Xu, Haimu Ye
Polymer physics has evolved significantly over the past century, transitioning from the early recognition of the chain structure of polymers to a mature field integrating principles from statistical mechanics, thermodynamics, and condensed matter physics. As an important part of polymer physics, polymer single crystals are crucial for understanding molecular structures and behaviors, enhancing material
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Magnesium-Substituted Brushite Cement: Physical and Mechanical Properties Crystals (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2024-02-26 Sarah Fleck, Sahar Vahabzadeh
Brushite cements (BrCs) are calcium phosphate-based materials that are being widely used in hard tissue engineering applications due to their osteoconductivity, injectability, and bioresorbability. Therefore, the goal was to evaluate the effects of Mg concentration on the phase composition, setting time, and strength of BrC. Mg, which plays a vital role in bodily functions and bone health, was added
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Rare-Earth Ion Loss of Er- or Yb-Doped LiNbO3 Crystals Due to Mechanical Destructive Effect of High-Energy Ball Milling Crystals (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2024-02-26 Gabriella Dravecz, Laura Kocsor, László Péter, László Temleitner, Dávid Gál, Krisztián Lengyel
Structural changes of Er- or Yb-ion doped LiNbO3 (LN) nanocrystals were studied in relation to the high-energy ball milling process. The evolution of the size of the particles and the formation of different phases were followed by dynamic light scattering and X-ray diffraction measurements, while the electronic transitions of rare-earth (RE) ions were investigated by absorption spectroscopy in the
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Deep-Level Transient Spectroscopy Studies on Four Different Zinc Oxide Morphologies Crystals (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2024-02-26 Rusiri Rathnasekara, Grant M. Mayberry, Parameswar Hari
In this work, we described the variations in the defect energy levels of four different ZnO morphologies, namely nanoribbons, nanorods, nanoparticles, and nanoshuttles. All the ZnO morphologies were grown on a seeded 4% Boron-doped p-type silicon (p-Si) wafer by using two different synthesis techniques, which are chemical bath deposition and microwave-assisted methods. The defect energy levels were