This study is carried out to assess the cardiopreventive effect of (E)‐N’‐(1‐(7‐methoxy‐2‐oxo‐2H‐chromen‐3‐yl) ethylidene)‐4‐methylbenzenesulfonohydrazide or SHC, a novel synthesized coumarin, against myocardial infarction induced by isoproterenol (ISO). The SHC compound was identified and characterized by spectral methods (infrared, 1H NMR [nuclear magnetic resonance], 13C NMR, Nuclear Overhauser

We suppose that apigenin may inhibit the cellular process of sepsis‐induced lung injury, which is considered to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality, and may improve inflammation and oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential protective effect of apigenin in a rat model of polymicrobial sepsis. Eight groups consisting of a total of 64 female Wistar albino rats were

The untreated systemic chronic inflammation leads to autoimmune diseases, hyperglycemia, cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, osteoporosis, and so on. Phytochemicals effectively inhibit the inflammation, and numerous studies have proved that the phytocomponents possess anti‐inflammatory property via inhibiting the cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase signaling pathways. Rhaponticin is

Glioma is the most common brain tumor. C6 rat glioblastoma cells provide the possibility to the scientist to study brain cancer. Concanavalin A (Con A) has a lot of antitumoral effects, especially over oxidative stress. In the present study, it was aimed to decide the impacts of various doses of Con A on C6 glioblastoma cells regarding cytotoxicity, thiol/disulfide homeostasis, apoptosis, and inflammation

Saturated fatty acids, whose circulating levels are markedly increased in the body, significantly affect the growth and functions of skeletal muscle. These fatty acids may exert a detrimental effect on the undifferentiated skeletal myoblasts that may adversely affect their differentiation. In the present study, the exposure of myoblasts to excess palmitic acid caused an elevation of tumor necrosis

Arsenic trioxide (ATO) has been shown to have antitumor effect in different tumors, although the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Autophagy plays a critical role in tumorigenesis and cancer therapy and has been found to be activated by ATO in different cells. However, the role of autophagy in the antitumor effect of ATO has not yet been elucidated. In this study, we investigated the

The present study examined the influence of selenium on ciprofloxacin‐mediated reproductive dysfunction in rats. The research design consisted of five groups of eight animals each. The rats were administered 135 mg/kg body weight of ciprofloxacin per se or simultaneously with selenium at 0.25 and 0.5 mg/kg for 15 uninterrupted days. Antioxidant and inflammatory indices were assayed using the testes

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the most common neurodegenerative movement disorder with obscure etiology and no disease‐modifying therapy to date. Hence, novel, safe, and low cost‐effective approaches employing medicinal plants are currently receiving increased attention. A growing body of evidence has revealed that cinnamon, being widely used as a spice of unique flavor and aroma, may exert neuroprotective

The liver is highly susceptible to iron overload‐evoked oxidative injury. Ergothioneine is a thio‐histidine amino acid that has exhibited strong antioxidant and metal chelating activities. This study aimed at exploring the potential modulating effects of ergothioneine on iron‐triggered liver injury. The results showed that ergothioneine inhibited iron‐evoked inflammation and apoptosis as demonstrated

Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) is responsible for the release of fatty acids from glycerophospholipids. PLA2 is commonly found in mammalian tissues. It is also found in venom from different animals ranging from insects, arachnid, and snakes. The release of arachidonic acid in large amount results in inflammation and pain. Identification of compounds that can inhibit the activity of PLA2 is of large scientific

Toxin A (TcdA) and toxin B (TcdB), the two exotoxins of Clostridium difficile, are main causal agents for the colonic epithelium damage in Clostridium difficile infection (CDI). The Hippo pathway is crucial for the control of tissue homeostasis and regeneration of intestines. However, the dysregulation of Hippo pathway in CDI is unclear. Here we show that YAP and TAZ, the transcriptional coactivators

Periyannan, V, Annamalai, V, Veerasamy, V. Syringic acid modulates molecular marker‐involved cell proliferation, survival, apoptosis, inflammation, and angiogenesis in DMBA‐induced oral squamous cell carcinoma in Syrian hamsters. J Biochem Mol Toxicol. 2020; 34:e22574. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbt.22574. The above article, published online on July 8, 2020 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary

Periyannan, V, Annamalai, V, Veerasamy, V. Syringic acid suppresses oral squamous cell carcinoma SCC131 cell proliferation via modulation of mitochondria‐mediated apoptosis signaling pathways. J Biochem Mol Toxicol. 2020; 34:e22586. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbt.22586. The above article, published online on July 25, 2020 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com), has been retracted by agreement

Chen, Z, Liu, W, Qin, Z, Liang, X, Tian, G. Geniposide exhibits anticancer activity to medulloblastoma cells by downregulating microRNA‐373. J Biochem Mol Toxicol. 2020; 34:e22471. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbt.22471. The above article, published online on 14 February 2020 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com), has been retracted by agreement between the authors, the journal Editor‐in‐Chief

Paraquat (PQ) is a widely used herbicide all over the world, which is highly toxic for animals and humans. Its cytotoxicity is based on reactive radical generation. The aim of this study is to evaluate and compare the hepatoprotective effects of curcumin and nanocurcumin against liver damage caused by sub‐acute exposure with PQ via modulation of oxidative stress and genes expression of nuclear factor

Gastric cancer (GC) represents the fifth most human malignant disease and the third‐most common cause of cancer‐related death. Gambogic acid (GA) is a natural compound with a polyprenylated xanthone structure and possesses remarkable antitumor activity in a variety of cancer cells. However, the mechanism underlying the inhibitory effect of GA in GC is far from being completely understood. The goal

This study was performed to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic value, as well as the role of long‐chain noncoding RNA (lncRNA) colorectal neoplasia differentially expressed (CRNDE) in osteosarcoma (OS).

Cisplatin (Cis) is one of the most potent and effective broad‐spectrum antitumor drugs, but its use is limited due to nephrotoxicity. The current study investigated the renoprotective effect of umbelliferone (UMB) on Cis‐induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Renal injury was induced by a single injection of Cis (7 mg/kg, ip). Our results exhibited that the injection of Cis significantly disrupted renal function

Ulcerative colitis is an autoimmune inflammatory disorder with a negative impact on the life quality of patients. Cinnamaldehyde and hesperetin were chosen due to their antioxidants and anti‐inflammatory effects. This study explored the protective effects of cinnamaldehyde (40 and 90 mg/kg, po) and hesperetin (50 and 100 mg/kg, po) on 2,4,6‐trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)‐induced ulcerative colitis

Scutebarbatine A (SBT‐A), a diterpenoid alkaloid found in the root of Scutellaria barbata D. Don, has been reported to induce the apoptosis of A549 cells. In this study, we investigated the antitumor activity of SBT‐A in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells and the potential underlying mechanisms. Our results showed that SBT‐A inhibited the growth of HCC cells in a dose‐dependent manner. SBT‐A

Zinc finger protein 667‐antisense RNA 1 (ZNF667‐AS1) is a member of the C2H2 zinc finger protein family. However, the exact effect of ZNF667‐AS1 in uveal melanoma (UM) progression has not been elucidated. The biological roles of ZNF667‐AS1 and MEGF10 were assessed using cell counting kit‐8 and flow cytometry. Quantitative reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analyses were

The field of nanotechnology offers great opportunities for cancer therapy.

Gastric carcinoma is one of the most aggressive types of cancer that ranks fifth among all cancer incidences and third in cancer mortality. As it exhibits a prolonged asymptomatic condition and high recurrence rate, it is a great challenge to treat gastric cancer. Traditional medicine that utilizes herbal phytochemicals to treat various diseases is a potent alternative for current allopathic treatment

Clioquinol has been reported to act as a potential therapy for neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. However, the underlying mechanism is unclear. We have previously reported that clioquinol induces S‐phase cell cycle arrest through the elevation of calcium levels in human neurotypic SH‐SY5Y cells. In this study, different types of cells were observed to detect if the effect of clioquinol on intracellular

The critical roles played by advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) accumulation in diabetes and diabetic complications have gained intense recognition. AGEs interfere with the normal functioning of almost every organ with multiple actions like apoptosis, inflammation, protein dysfunction, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress. However, the development of a potential treatment strategy is

Leukemia is amongst the cancers accountable for substantial mortality around the world. Tomentosin is a bioactive compound with a pharmacological significance, and its anticancer property against human leukemia MOLT‐4 cell line has never been reported. Hence, the objective of this study was to explore the anticancer activity of tomentosin in MOLT‐4 human leukemia cells. In the current investigation

This study was performed to evaluate the antioxidant, anticancer, and toxicity properties of ferutinin, a phytoestrogen derived from Ferula species. The human Michigan Cancer Foundation‐7 (MCF‐7) breast cancer cell line and normal human fibroblast (HDF) were cultured and treated with different ferutinin concentrations. The cell viability was evaluated by 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium

Minimizing the adverse effects of chemotherapeutic agents remains a therapeutic challenge. Cisplatin (CP) induces hepatotoxicity through activation of oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis cascades which is considered a significant drawback. Thus, this study aimed to highlight the possible hepatoprotective role of arjunolic acid (Arj) in a rat model of CP‐induced hepatotoxicity. Four groups

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the most common neurodegenerative movement disorder with obscure etiology and no disease‐modifying therapy to date. Hence, novel, safe, and low cost‐effective approaches employing medicinal plants are currently receiving increased attention. A growing body of evidence has revealed that cinnamon, being widely used as a spice of unique flavor and aroma, may exert neuroprotective

Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a very frequent cardiovascular disease and one of the leading causes of death. Abundant evidence has shown that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are crucial players in myocardial I/R injury. LncRNA cardiac hypertrophy‐related factor (CHRF) has been revealed as an important modulator in cardiac disease. However, the function of CHRF in myocardial I/R injury

The role of ROR1‐AS1 in non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the functional role of ROR1‐AS1 in NSCLC and to explore the underlying mechanisms. 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyl‐tetrazolium bromide assay was performed to detect cell proliferation. Transwell assay was performed to evaluate cell invasive ability. Cell apoptotic rates and caspase‐3/7

Cold tumors generally show low mutational burden and low infiltration of effector T cells. The pancreas, prostate, ovary, breast, and colon are placed into the category of cold tumors. In such tumors, effector T cells are either excluded from the tumor area or taken away from being in contact with tumor cells. The stromal reaction in the form of desmoplasia is important for the pathogenesis of tumors

Glucocorticoids are among the most prescribed drugs globally due to their potent anti‐inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. Although they have positive effects on the treatment of various disease states; long‐term administration is associated with high blood pressure, insulin resistance, and susceptibility to type 2 diabetes. The heart attempts to cope with increased blood pressure and a decrease

This study investigated the potential mechanism(s) and the signaling pathway(s) underlying the prophylactic effect of proanthocyanidin extract (PE) against doxorubicin (DOX)‐induced cardiotoxicity in rats. A total of 32 male albino rats were randomly allocated into four groups. Control rats were orally administrated normal saline. Rats in the second group were orally administrated PE (50 mg/kg bw/once

Cisplatin is a highly cytotoxic anticarcinogenic drug used to treat several kinds of solid tumors such as liver tumors. With the increase in the incidences associated with hepatic tumors and a lack of selectivity of cisplatin to cancer cells, it is important to explore new therapeutic strategies against them. The present study was designed to verify the ability of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) to improve

Asiatic acid (AA) is a triterpene with promising pharmacological activity. In the present study, in vitro and in vivo assays were conducted to understand the effect of AA on cell proliferation and genomic instability. AA was cytotoxic to human tumor cell lines (M059J, HeLa, and MCF‐7), with IC50 values ranging from 13.91 to 111.72 µM. In the case of M059J, AA exhibited selective cytotoxicity after

Fumonisin B1 (FB1) is a common environmental mycotoxin produced by molds such as Fusarium verticillioides. The toxin poses health risks to domestic animals, including pigs, through FB1‐contaminanted feed. However, the cytotoxicity of FB1 to porcine intestines has not been fully analyzed. In the present study, the effects of FB1 on oxidative stress and nutrient transporter‐associated genes of the porcine

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) occurs in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Trelagliptin is an important member of the Gliptins family, which has been recently licensed for the treatment of T2DM. However, the pharmacological function of trelagliptin in NAFLD has not been previously reported. In this study, we aimed to investigate the roles of trelagliptin in the development of

Nasopharyngeal cancer is a malignancy developing from the nasopharynx epithelium due to smoking and nitrosamine‐containing foods. Nasopharyngeal cancer is highly endemic to Southeast Asia. Eugenol and piperine have shown many anticancer activities on numerous cancer types, like colon, lung, liver, and breast cancer. In this study, we amalgamated eugenol and piperine loaded with a polyhydroxy butyrate/polyethylene

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the immune function of the tumor microenvironment and its clinical correlation with colonic carcinoma. Immune genes were downloaded from the The Cancer Genome Atlas database. Five subtypes are obtained by cluster screening based on immune gene expression data. The C3 and C4 subtypes show stronger immune activity. In addition, the C4 subtype has the largest

Statins are a group of hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors that are used in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. However, statins have been found to be cytotoxic, and many unexpected side effects have been reported in clinical applications. The susceptibilities of different cell lines toward statins are diverse, and the mechanisms of cytotoxicity remain unknown. Therefore, the

Drug‐induced liver injury (DILI) is a frequent cause responsible for acute liver failure (ALF). Acetaminophen (APAP) is a known hepatotoxin predictably causing intrinsic DILI. At high doses, APAP causes acute liver necrosis and responsible for ALF and liver transplant cases in 50% and 20% of patients, respectively, in the United States alone. Oxidative stress and glutathione depletion are implicated

Previous studies both invivo and in vitro have revealed that high levels of fluoride cause neurotoxicity. Mangiferin has been reported to possess antioxidant, antiapoptotic, and anti‐inflammatory properties. The present study was designed to characterize the mechanisms by which mangiferin protects against NaF‐induced neurotoxicity. Increased levels of proapoptotic Bax, Caspase‐3, Caspase‐9, and cleaved‐caspase

N‐acyl dopamines (NADAs) are bioactive lipids of the endovanilloid family with known cytotoxicity for the cancer cells; however, the available data on the participation of the endovanilloids in epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer stemness are controversial. This study unveils the inhibitory role of N‐arachidonoyl dopamine (AA‐DA), a typical representative of the NADA family, in breast

Despite the extensive use of cisplatin (CP) as a chemotherapeutic agent, its clinical use is often restricted by undesirable side effects, such as toxicity to normal tissues. The aim of this study was to probe the effect of a combinatorial treatment of low multiple doses of antioxidants on CP‐induced toxicity and the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway in hepatocytes. Animals received a single toxic dose

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a major public health crisis due to devastating cognitive symptoms, a lack of curative treatments, and increasing prevalence. Most cases are sporadic (>95% of cases) after the age of 65 years, implicating an important role of environmental factors in disease pathogenesis. Environmental neurotoxicants have been implicated in neurodegenerative disorders including Parkinson's

Benzo(a)pyrene [B(a)P], which is a carcinogen, is a substance most typically known in cigarette smoke and considered as an important intermediary of lung cancer. The enzyme CYP1A1 is crucial for the metabolic conversion of B(a)P into the intermediates that induce carcinogenesis. Stimulation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor, which is regulated by B(a)P, is thought to induce numerous signaling cascades

The standard of age‐related glomerulosclerosis is unclear. Both signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and autophagy are involved in age‐related kidney disease. Therefore, we aimed to explore the standard, as well as the potential mechanism(s). A total of 44 patients who underwent radical nephrectomy were enrolled. Pearson analysis was performed to investigate the parameters with

In the present study, we demonstrate the coaction of thioredoxin and glutathione (GSH) systems in mouse liver against iron overload‐induced oxidative stress (OS). Mice were injected intraperitoneally with an iron dextran solution twice a week for 3 weeks. Iron accumulation in mouse liver was demonstrated spectroscopically. To confirm the iron overload model in the liver, the increased gene expression

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the leading type of diagnosed cancer; globally, it resides in the fourth‐leading origin of cancer‐interrelated mortality in the globe. The treatment strategies were chemotherapy and potent radiotherapy. Although chemotherapy treatment can eliminate tumor cells, it remains with unnecessary toxic effects in cancer patients. Therefore, the identification of natural‐based compounds

A series of new benzofuran‐1,3,4‐oxadiazole containing 1,2,3‐triazole‐acetamides 12a‐n as potential anti‐α‐glucosidase agents were designed and synthesized. α‐Glucosidase inhibition assay demonstrated that all the synthesized compounds 12a‐n (half‐maximal inhibitory concentration [IC50] values in the range of 40.7 ± 0.3–173.6 ± 1.9 μM) were more potent than standard inhibitor acarbose (IC50 = 750.0 ± 12

Pesticides are globally used to eliminate pests from crops and plants. The increased use of pesticides has posed a serious threat to human health. This study evaluates the effects of pesticide exposure on pregnancy outcomes in tea garden workers (TGW). The acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was measured in the maternal blood, placenta, and cord blood of TGW and housewives (HWs). The placental structure

A persistent infection prolongs treatment duration and also enhances the chance of resistance development against antibiotics. Recently, a class of amphiphilic indole derivatives was discovered exhibiting bactericidal activity against both growing and nongrowing Mycobacterium bovis BCG (M. bovis BCG). These antibacterials are suggested to disturb the integrity and functioning of the cell membrane,

The present study examines the chemopreventive role of [6]‐gingerol, an active component of ginger, on 7,12‐dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)‐induced hamster buccal pouch (HBP) carcinogenesis models. The HBP has been developed with an addition of 0.5% of DMBA to the HBP area three times per week, up to the end of the 16th experimental week. At the end of the experiment, we noticed 100% tumor incidence

The inhibitor of apoptosis‐stimulating protein of p53 (iASPP) acts as a key modulator of cellular protection against oxidative stress. In the present work, we assessed the role of iASPP in the regulation of cardiomyocyte injury induced by hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R). We found that H/R‐exposed cardiomyocytes expressed decreased levels of iASPP. The upregulation of iASPP repressed H/R‐induced injury