Background: Considering the low ocular bioavailability of conventional formulations used for ocular bacterial infection treatment, there is a need to design efficient novel drug delivery systems that may enhance precorneal retention time and corneal permeability. Aim and Objective: The current research focuses on developing nanosized and non-toxic Eudragit® RL 100 and Kollidon® SR nanoparticles loaded

Background: Terbinafine is an allylamine antifungal that is effective against many fungi, dermatophytes and moulds. Analytical methods are required for the determination of terbinafine in biological fluids to perform therapeutic drug monitoring and pharmacokinetic studies. Objective: The aim of this study was to develop and validate a novel and fast method combining dilute and shoot approach and high-performance

Introduction: The alkyl esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid at the C-4 position, “the parabens,” including methyl, ethyl, propyl, and butyl, are widely used as antimicrobial preservatives in foods, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. Official regulations on the use of these compounds make their analysis essential for the estimation of their exposure. Methods: On this basis, the presented study was realized

Objective: The electrochemical analysis of ephedrine which is a sympathometric drug has been studied using poly(Nile blue A) modified glassy carbon electrodes, cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry and square wave voltammetry. Methods: The modified electrodes were prepared by potential cycling electropolymerization of Nile blue A in 0.1 M phosphate buffer solution at pH 6.0. The redox

Background: Electroanalytical methods are very functional to detect drugs in pharmaceuticals (tablets, syrups, suppositories, creams, and ointments) and biological samples. Objective: This study is aimed to make selective, sensitive, simple, fast, and low cost electrochemical analysis of expectorant drug guaifenesin in pharmaceuticals and serum samples. Methods: Differential pulse adsorptive stripping

Introduction: In the present study, a sensitive and selective liquid chromatographytandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was described for the determination of ceftiofur (CEF) in cow milk and pharmaceutical preparations. CEF is an antibiotic compound, which is commonly used in the treatment of animal diseases such as respiratory system, soft tissue, and foot infections, as well as postpartum acute

Background: Bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are among the most common chronic diseases. Roflumilast is a novel, potent, selective, and long-acting phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE-4) inhibitor for the treatment of bronchial asthma and COPD. It has anti-inflammatory effects, and it has been shown to reduce exacerbations and improve pulmonary function in patients with COPD.

Background: Hydrocephalus, a common brain disorder in children, can cause permanent brain damage. A timely diagnosis of this disorder is crucial. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the levels of S-100, CK-18, and NSE brainspecific proteins in patients with hydrocephalus. We examined the levels of these proteins in the blood samples of hydrocephalic patients. Methods: The study was conducted

The extracts and the compounds isolated from Phyllanthus amarus Schumm and Thonn (Family: Euphorbiaceae) have shown a wide spectrum of pharmacological activities including antiviral, antibacterial, antiplasmodial, antimalarial, antimicrobial, anticancer, antidiabetic, hypolipidemic, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, nephroprotective and diurectic properties. Background: This investigation was aimed at

Background: Tumor heterogeneity imposes great challenges on cancer treatment. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a leading factor contributing to tumor occurrence. However, the mechanisms underlying the growth of thyroid cancer (TCHA) are still unclear. Methods: Key genes regulating the characteristics of THCA, such as stemness were identified by combining gene expressions of samples downloaded from the

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of thiol disulfide homeostasis and Ischemia Modified Albumin (IMA) values in predicting the technical difficulties that might be encountered during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Materials and Methods: The study included 65 patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy due to cholelithiasis at the General Surgery Clinic of Ankara Numune

Background: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues to threaten patients, societies and healthcare systems around the world. There is an urgent need to search for possible medications. Objective: This article intends to use virtual screening and molecular docking methods to find potential inhibitors from existing drugs that can respond to COVID-19. Methods: To take part in the current

Background: One of the principal factors in the field of research in green chemistry is to drive chemical reactions using ultrasonication as a versatile synthetic tool. Moreover, nanostructured metal salts occupy an important position as low cost, efficient, heterogeneous, and green catalysts in chemical reactions. Pyrimidine has also acquired significance because it is a core structure in a variety

Aims & Objective: Armoracia rusticana has high medicinal values and is an excellent source of phytochemicals. This study was aimed to evaluate the antidiabetic potential of bioactive compounds from Armoracia rusticana. Methods: The antidiabetic analysis revealed that Armoracia rusticana was highly active against α- glucosidase with IC50 values of 5.6 μg/ml. Furthermore, molecular docking was used to

Background: Cervical cancer (CESC), which threatens the health of women, has a very high recurrence rate. Purposes: This study aimed to identify the signature long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) associated with the prognosis of CESC and predict the prognostic survival rate with the clinical risk factors. Methods: The CESC gene expression profiling data were downloaded from TCGA database and NCBI Gene Expression

Background: Diabetes mellitus type-II is a major health problem characterized by hypoinsulinemia and insulin resistance, leading to hyperglycemia and its complications. In Unani medicine, it is known as ziyābetus. Several drugs are prescribed in Unani medicine as single and compound formulations for this disease. Most of these drugs have been studied on scientific parameters and shown significant activity

Aims and Objectives: The intake of Stachys sieboldii MIQ. has been associated with relieving inflammation and maintaining optimal gut health function. We investigated the diversity and composition of microflora in feces of S. sieboldii MIQ.-fed mice. In addition, we evaluated the production of major cytokines (Interleukin-6 and -10) related to inflammation and fatty acid composition of several tissues

Background: MicroRNAs (miRs) have been shown to play important roles in various cancers and may be a reliable prognostic marker. However, its prognostic value in endometrial carcinoma (UCEC) needs to be further explored. Objectives: The aim of this study was to create a miR-based signature to effectively predict the prognosis for patients with uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma (UCEC). Methods: Using

Objective: Considering the molecular complexity and heterogeneity of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the identification of novel molecular contributors involved in RA initiation and progression using systems biology approaches will open up potential therapeutic strategies. The bioinformatics method allows the detection of associated miRNA-mRNA as both therapeutic and prognostic targets for RA. Methods:

Aim and Objectives: The focus of the present work is to synthesize ZnO/C composite using dextrose as carbon source by combustion method and study the comparative evaluation on one-pot synthesis of β-acetamido- β-(phenyl) propiophenone over ZnO nanoparticles and ZnO/C composite catalyst. Materials and Methods: The ZnO nanoparticles has been synthesized by sol-gel method using zinc nitrate and NaOH and

Background: Several compounds have been synthesized as a therapeutic alternative for heart failure; however, its preparation requires special conditions. Objective: The aim of this study, was to synthesize some aniline derivatives (4-9) from 3- ethynylaniline to evaluate their biological activity against heart failure. Methods: The synthesis of aniline derivatives involved a series of reactions such

Background: Endometrial cancer (EC) is a common gynecological malignancy worldwide. Immunity is closely related to the occurrence and prognosis of EC. At the same time, immune-related genes have great potential as prognostic markers in many types of cancer. Objective: Therefore, we attempt to develop immune-related gene markers to enhance prognosis prediction of EC. Methods: 542 samples of EC gene

Aims: The main aim of the study was to examine the feasibility and benefits of adsorption onto multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) coupled with cloud point extraction (CPE) for the removal of Rhodamine B (RB) from aqueous solutions. Background: MWCNTs offer the particular features of the ideal adsorbents for the organic dyes such as hollow tubular structure and specific surface area. Nevertheless

Aim And Objectives: Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary, the fungal pathogen causes late blight, which results in devastating economic loss among the Solanaceae. The bacillus lipopeptides show the antagonistic activity against the many plant pathogens, among bacillus lipopeptides reported as the antifungal gene. Hence, to understand the in silico antifungal activity, we have selected gene iturin

Background: Lung cancer is one of the malignancies exhibiting the fastest increase in morbidity and mortality, but the cause is not clearly understood. The goal of this investigation was to screen and identify relevant biomarkers of lung cancer. Methods: Publicly available lung cancer data sets, including GSE40275 and GSE134381, were obtained from the GEO database. The repeatability test for data was

Aim and Objective: Sleep bruxism is a complicated disease, and its cause remains controversial. If the etiology of bruxism is resolved, the treatment can be adjusted to the prevailing aetiological factor. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the oxidative stress level and serum prolidase activity in patients with sleep bruxism. Materials and Methods: Seventy healthy subjects and 51 patients

Aim and Objective: Maxingyigan (MXYG) decoction is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescription. However, how MXYG acts against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is not known. We investigated the active ingredients and the therapeutic targets of MXYG decoction against COVID-19. Methods: A network pharmacology strategy involving drug-likeness evaluation, prediction of oral bioavailability, network

Background: As a well-known herb used in the treatment of colon adenocarcinoma (COAD), Spica Prunellae (SP) shows favorable clinical effect and safety in China for many years, but its active ingredients and therapeutic mechanisms against COAD remain poorly understood. Therefore, this study aims to uncover active ingredients and mechanisms of SP in the treatment of COAD using a combined approach of

Background: Complications are the main cause of the disease burden of diabetes. Genes determining the development and progression of diabetic complications remain to be identified. Diabetic neuropathy is the most common and debilitating complication and mainly affects the nerves of legs and feet. In this study, we attempted to identify diabetic neuropathy-specific genes from reliable large-scale genome-wide

Background: Sulfur-(SM) and nitrogen (NM)-based mustards are the mutagenic incapacitating compounds which are widely used in vesicating the chemical warfare and cause toxicity in many organs, especially skin. SM, as a potent vesicating agent, contributes to the destruction of skin in dermis and epidermis layers. The progression of the lesion depends on the concentration of SM and the duration of exposure

Background: Genus Erythrina belongs to family Fabaceae, which is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical areas. It has been used in both traditional herbal medicines and pharmacological applications. Original research articles and publications on the overview of alkaloids related to this genus are available, but a supportive systematic review account which highlighted phytochemical aspects of

The emergence of drug-resistant strains among the variety of pathogens worsens the situation in today’s scenario. In such a situation, a very heavy demand for developing the new antibiotics has arisen, but unfortunately, very limited success has been achieved in this arena till now. Infectious diseases usually make their impression in the form of severe pathology. Intracellular pathogens use the host’s

Aim and Objective: Oxidative stress is implicated in the development and progression of many diseases. Some of the appropriate actions that could taken to resolve the problem of these diseases are search for new antioxidant substances isolated from plants. The aims of this study were to research the intraspecies variations of A. verticillata and C. caeruleus essential oils from 8 locations using statistical

Aim and Objective: Cells and tissues of the body are prone to oxidative damage as a result of an increased level of reactive oxygen species and nitrogen radical beyond the detoxifying ability of the endogenous antioxidant system. This study aimed to evaluate the ameliorative effect of methanolic extracts of Nigella sativa (MENS) against cadmium-induced blood oxidative stress and testicular toxicity

Aims & Objective: In this work, the multicomponent reaction of aldehydes, benzoylisothiocyanate and alkyl bromides in the presence of ammonium acetate, sodium cyanide and a catalytic amount of KF/Clinoptilolite nanoparticles (KF/CP NPs) in the water at 100oC was investigated. Materials and Methods: In these reactions, thiazole derivatives were produced in good to excellent yields and short time. Also

Background: Immune-related genes possess promising prognostic potential in multiple cancer types. Here, we describe the development of an immune-related prognostic signature for predicting prostate cancer recurrence. Methods: Prostate cancer gene expression profiles for 477 prostate cases, as well as accompanying follow-up information were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and GEO. The

Background: Increasing the resistance issue has become the reason for the development of new antibacterial in crucial condition. Many ways are tracked to determine the most effective antibacterial agent. Some proteins that are a key role in bacteria metabolism are targeted, including MurA in cell wall biosynthesis and gelatinase biosynthesis-activating pheromone (GBAP) in Fsr Quorum Sensing (QS) system

Aims & Objective: An efficient procedure for the synthesis of pyrido[2,1-a]isoquinoline derivatives in excellent yields was investigated using catalyst-free multicomponent reaction of phthaladehyde, methylamine, activated acetylenic compounds, alkyl bromides and triphenylphosphine in water under ultrasonic irradiation at room temperature. In addition, Diels- Alder reactions of pyrido[2,1-a]isoquinoline

Aim and Objective: Calculus Bovis (CB) has been employed to treat diseases for a long time. It has been identified to play significant anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor roles. However, the mechanism of treating primary liver cancer (PLC) remains to be revealed. This study aims to clarify the molecules and mechanisms of CB in treating PLC. Materials and Methods: After oral bioavailability (OB) and drug-likeness

Aim and Objective: In the last decades, it has extensively been verified that nanostructured transition metal oxides emerge as inexpensive, available and extremely efficient heterogeneous catalysts in chemical transformations. The high electrical conductivity, high carrier concentration, and improved reactivity in cadmium oxide nanoparticles (CdO NPs) make it as a potential candidate for applications

Aim: The present study explored the clinical significance of microRNA-22 (miR-22) expression in lung squamous cell carcinoma and to explore the targeting relationship with vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 (VEGFR3). Methods: A total of 49 patients with lung squamous cell carcinoma who underwent surgical treatment were selected. The expression of miR-22 was detected by fluorescence quantitative

Aim and Objective: In this work, we tried to introduce a non-toxic and stable organic compound named succinimide as a green and efficient organo-catalyst for the promotion of the synthesis of arylidene malononitrile and tetrahydrobenzo[b]pyran derivatives. Using this method led to a clean procedure to achieve these types of bioactive compounds without a specific purification step. The rate and yield

Aim: A new, accurate and sensitive reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) as an analytical method for the quantitative determination of eight antifungal drugs in spiked human plasma has been described optimized and validated. Materials and Methods: The analyzed compounds were voriconazole (VOR), luliconazole (LUL), clotrimazole (CLO), tioconazole (TIO), posaconazole (POS),

Aims and Objective: The development of easy, accurate, reliable technique which is characterized by low cost, minimal sample pre-treatment, and short analysis time to monitor RFX residues in milk samples before distribution to consumers. Background: Literature survey reveals several analytical methods, including high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), ultra-performance liquid chromatography

Aim and Scope: Due to the serious toxicological risks and their widespread use, quantitative determination of phthalates in cosmetic products have importance for public health. The aim of this study was to develop a validated simple, rapid and reliable high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for the determination of phthalates which are; dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP)

Aim and Objective: Methyldopa is one of the medications that is used for the treatment of hypertension. Therefore, the determination of methyldopa in the presence of other biological components is essential. In this work, a promising electrochemical sensor based on CoFe2O4 magnetic nanoparticles modified glassy carbon electrode (CoFe2O4/GCE) was developed for electrochemical determination of methyldopa

Aims and Objective: The plasma level of mirtazapine (MIR) varies between individuals primarily depending on the differences in metabolism during pharmacotherapy. CYP2D6 takes the role as a major enzyme in MIR metabolism and POR enzyme donates an electron to CYP2D6 for its activity. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the genes encoding pharmacokinetic enzymes may cause changes in enzyme activity, leading

Aim and Objective: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease. It is a multifactorial disorder (caused by aging, environmental, and genetic factors). Metabolomics can help explore the biomarker profiles for aging. Recent studies showed an association between the glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) polymorphisms and PD risk. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the

Objective: Literature study revealed the poor mechanical strength of chitosan-based microparticles. Our research aimed at developing sufficient strength of microparticle with a suitable concentration of chitosan and non-ionic surfactants such as poloxamer-188 (pluronic). It also aimed to develop and study the effect of variables for prepared microparticles utilizing insilico screening methodology,

Aims: To prepare lamivudine (LAM)-loaded-nanoparticles (NPs) that can be used in lung cancer treatment. To change the antiviral indication of LAM to anticancer. Background: The development of anticancer drugs is a difficult process. One approach to accelerate the availability of drugs is to reclassify drugs approved for other conditions as anticancer. The most common route of administration of anticancer

Aim and Objective: Melatonin is an essential biomarker for sleep-related disorders. Reliable methods of analysis are needed for melatonin. Therefore, a new chromophore (Rhodamine B) was proposed for the assay of melatonin; this method succeeded to enlarge the working concentration range and to decrease the limit of determination comparing with the method that just used the native fluorescence of melatonin

Background: Allergic rhinitis, acute nasal congestion and sinusitis are one of the most common health problems and have a major effect on the quality of life. Several medications are used to improve the symptoms of such diseases in humans. Pharmaceutical pomade form containing Ephedrine (EPD) HCl, Naphazoline (NPZ) HCl, Antazoline (ANT) HCl, and Chlorobutanol (CLO) is one of them. Objective: For these

Aim and Objective: Myocardial infarction, cerebral infarction, and other diseases caused by vascular obstruction have always jeopardized human life and health. Several reports indicate that Rhei Radix et Rhizoma has a good clinical effect in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Owing to the complexity of herbal medicine, the pharmacodynamic mechanism of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma is

Background: Several medicinal plants are being used in Indian medicine systems from ancient times. However, in most cases, the specific molecules or the active ingredients responsible for the medicinal or therapeutic properties are not yet known. Objective: This study aimed to report a computational protocol as well as a tool for generating novel potential drug candidates from the bioactive molecules

Multi-functional design of ligands emerged as a new drug design paradigm of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Given the complexity of AD, the molecules showing dual inhibition of monoamine oxidase (MAO) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) with neuroprotective properties could prevent the progressive neural degeneration effectively. Numerous studies documented that chalcone is a privileged structural framework

Background: One of the most prevalent neurodegenerative diseases with increasing age is Parkinson’s disease (PD). Its pathogenesis is unclear and mainly confined to glutamate toxicity and oxidative stress. The dyskinesia and motor fluctuations and neuroprotective potential are the major concerns which are still unmet in PD therapy. Objective: This article is a capsulization of the role of MAO-B in

With respect to the unknowns of pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD)-, and Parkinson’s Disease (PD)-like neurodegenerative disorders, natural product research is still one of the valid tools in order to provide alternative and/or better treatment options. At one hand, various extracts of herbals provide a combination of actions targeting multiple receptors, on the other hand, the discovery of

Background: Monoamine oxidase and cholinesterase enzymes are very critical enzymes that regulate the level of neurotransmitters such as acetylcholine and monoamines. Monoamine neurotransmitters and acetylcholine play a very important role in many physiological events. An increase or decrease in the amount of these neurotransmitters is observed in a wide range of central nervous system pathologies.

Monoamine oxidases are the crucial drug targets for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders like depression, Parkinson’s disease, and Alzheimer’s disease. The enzymes catalyze the oxidative deamination of several monoamine containing neurotransmitters, i.e. serotonin (5-HT), melatonin, epinephrine, norepinephrine, phenylethylamine, benzylamine, dopamine, tyramine, etc. The oxidative reaction of

Background: Monoamine oxidases (MAOs) play a crucial role during the development of various neurodegenerative disorders. There are two MAO isozymes, MAO-A and MAO-B. MAO-A is a flavoenzyme, which binds to the outer mitochondrial membrane and catalyzes the oxidative transformations of neurotransmitters like serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine. Materials and Methods: Focus on synthetic studies has