Exosomes, a class of small bilayer vesicles derived from virtually all eukaryotic cells, have been exploited as a promising natural delivery platform due to their low toxicity, excellent structural stability, nanoscale size, cargo loading ability, and editable surface structure. To load therapeutic or diagnostic cargos (drugs, nucleic acids, proteins, peptides, and nanomaterials) into exosomes, multiple

In this study, we investigate whether the influence of natural organic matter (NOM) on the aquatic ecotoxicity of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) can be described quantitatively for the purpose of risk assessments based on existing ecotoxicity studies. A review of the literature studying the aquatic ecotoxicity of ENPs in the presence of NOM identified 66 studies in total, covering the metal and metal

Liver is the major organ in the metabolization of drugs, and detoxification of exogenous substances, including nanoparticles. In clinical medical practice, drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is the major cause of acute liver failure (ALF). In this study, we explore the possible impact of intravenously injected citrate acid (CA), chitosan (CS) and polyethyleneglycol (PEG) functionalized gold nanoparticles

The increased use of polymer nanocomposites in different applications could lead to potential nanofiller release into different human and environmental compartments and consequently, increase the exposure of human and environmental species to nanomaterials. This study aims at determining how the inclusion of nanofillers with diverse chemical nature (SiO2, TiO2, ZnO, multiwalled carbon nanotubes and

The occurrence of nanoplastics in the environment is now known and presents new threats linked to plastic debris issues. New questions about the formation pathways and life cycle assessment of nanoplastics in continental and marine environments have been raised. In the present study, we focused on the Guadeloupe island coastal system. For the first time, we demonstrated the presence of nanoplastics

The challenge in ensuring the safety of manufactured nanomaterials and products stems from the lack of knowledge among industries about the potential environment and health risks of nanotechnology based innovations and the legislations that apply to them. A lack of information and preparedness for the regulatory safety assessment of innovative nanomaterials and products often lead to their delay in

Cancer, as a global health issue, its treatment with conventional approaches is challenged by non-specific biodistribution and targeting, poor solubility, low therapeutic indices and majorly the development of multi-drug resistance (MDR) that enables the cancer cells to survive against antineoplastic agents. A better understanding in tumor biology as well as a huge progression in nanotechnology in

Preferential Ag deposition in female kidneys has been reported in subacute and subchronic oral gavage and inhalation studies of various sizes of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). In these in vivo animal studies, female kidneys were shown to accumulate 3–4 times more silver than male kidneys. The current 28-day oral gavage study of AgNPs administered to ovariectomized female rats investigated the effect

The microRNA molecule mir-354 was required for the control of nanopolystyrene toxicity in nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Exposure to nanopolystyren (100 nm) increased the mir-354 expression; however, the underlying mechanism for this role remains largely unknown. We here further determined the molecular basis of mir-354 in regulating the response to nanopolystyrene. Tissue-specific activity analysis

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder associated with dementia. To overcome the limitations of diagnosis and treatment nanotechnology research is bringing more needed and optimum clinical results. The use of nanocarriers for delivering bio-actives to treat neurodegenerative diseases has shown many benefits over common therapies such as the possibility of loading various payloads

Copper(II) oxide nanoparticles (n-CuO) and copper(II) sulfate (CuSO4), commonly used in industrial and agricultural applications, are released in substantial amounts to the environment where they may then interact in unexpected ways with other materials such as engineered nanomaterials (ENM). In this study, we assessed the combined effects of their interaction with titanium(IV) dioxide nanoparticles

The increasing use of Quantum Dots (QDs) - nanoparticles exhibiting unique optical properties – and their incorporation in multiple engineering products is likely to result in the release of this new class of contaminants into natural systems. In soils, bacterial biofilms and mineral surfaces form highly reactive interfaces, which may control QDs' environmental fate. However, little is known regarding

Several engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) are used in toner-based printing equipment (TPE) including laser printers and photocopiers to improve toner performance. High concentration of airborne nanoparticles due to TPE emissions has been documented in copy centers and chamber studies. Recent animal inhalation studies by our group suggested exposure to laser printer-emitted nanoparticles (PEPs) increased

Safe-by-design is an essential component for creating awareness of the potential novel risks associated with the introduction of sophisticated nanomaterials (NMs) with novel properties. SbD is also a useful tool for meeting EU policy ambitions such as the European Green Deal which includes circular economy and moving towards a zero pollution (pollution-free) environment. Unidentified risks are a growing

With the rapid global spread of the new coronavirus and risk of pneumonia from COVID-19 infection, wearing a mask has become an essential defense for all frontline doctors, nurses, and healthcare professionals. Plus, the rise in demand for masks from the general public means the worldwide supply of masks is insufficient, which has led to an increase in the reuse of disposable masks. Therefore, this

Titanium dioxide is widely used as a food additive (E 171), 36% of its composition is nanoparticles. Existing studies have found oral toxic effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) on several organs and systems in vivo. Thus, TiO2 NPs may affect the whole body through the internal circulation system. To explore the adverse effect on serum after subchronic exposure to TiO2 NPs, we examined

Precise prediction of airborne carbon nanotube (CNT) filtration and deposition in the lung is of significant importance to find proper control media and to perform exposure assessment to quantify the toxicity for emitted airborne CNTs. We executed a systematic study in order to evaluate the inhalation exposure of inhaled single standing airborne multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and CNT agglomerates

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are known to enter the aquatic environment via leachates from landfills or by the effluent or sludge of sewage treatment plants. Even if the AgNPs are sulfidized, Ag from these particles was shown to still be available to several species like the benthic freshwater amphipod Hyalella azteca. However, it is still unknown if the primary uptake of Ag from these particles occurs

Due to their increased production and commercial applications, capped silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have inevitably found their way into aquatic ecosystems. The mobility (fate/transport), bioavailability, reactivity, and toxicity of capped AgNPs are highly influenced by their colloidal stability. This study investigated the aggregation kinetics and interfacial interactions of tannic acid (TA)-coated

Due to the special properties of electrospun nanofibers such as high surface area and porosity, ease of surface functionalization, low pressure drop, suitable mechanical strength, their application in the fabrication of air purifying filtration media has increased dramatically in the recent years. The release of nanomaterials from electrospun nanofibers and human exposure to these substances is one

Emerging, two-dimensional engineered nanomaterials (2DNMs) possess unique and diverse physical and chemical properties, such as extreme aspect ratios, adjustable electronic properties as well as functional lattice defects and surface chemistry which underpin their interactions with biological systems. This perspective highlights the need for structure activity relationship (SAR) studies for key properties

Micron scale cellulose materials are "generally regarded as safe" (GRAS) as binders and thickeners in food products. However, nanocellulose materials, which have unique properties that can improve food quality and safety, have not received US-Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval as food ingredients. In vitro and in vivo toxicological studies of ingested nanocellulose revealed minimal cytotoxicity

Airborne engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) can readily enter the human body through inhalation potentially leading to adverse health effects such as cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases. Our group has previously utilized and validated an integrated low flow system capable of generating and depositing airborne ENMs directly onto cells at an air-liquid interface (ALI). To further improve this ALI method

Characterizations and in vitro toxicity screening were performed on metal oxide engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) independently comprising ZnO, CuO, CeO2, Fe2O3, WO3, V2O5, TiO2, Al2O3 and MgO. Nanomaterials that exhibited the highest toxicity responses in the in vitro screening assays (ZnO, CuO, and V2O5) and the lesser explored material WO3 were tested for acute pulmonary toxicity in vivo. Female and

The use of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) in foods and consumer products is rising, increasing the potential for unintentional ingestion. While the cytotoxicity of many ENMs has been investigated, less attention has been given to adverse impact on the intestinal barrier integrity. Chronical disruption of gastrointestinal integrity can have far reaching health implications. Using fully differentiated

Cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) are an emerging engineered nanomaterial that are utilized in a variety of applications, including as a replacement for urea-formaldehyde, and other adhesives, as the binding agent in manufactured fiber and particle boards. To ensure the health and well-being of those producing, installing, or otherwise using cellulose nanofiber boards (CNFBs) it is imperative that the particulate

Effective in silico methods to predict protein corona compositions on engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) could help elucidate the biological outcomes of ENMs in biosystems without the need for conducting lengthy experiments for corona characterization. However, the physicochemical properties of ENMs, used as the descriptors in current modeling methods, are insufficient to represent the complex interactions

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are used in food packaging materials, dental care products and other consumer goods and can result in oral exposure. To determine whether AgNP coatings modulate transcriptional responses to AgNP exposure, we exposed mice orally to 20 nm citrate (cit)-coated AgNPs (cit-AgNPs) or polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)-coated AgNPs (PVP-AgNPs) at a 4 mg/kg dose for 7 consecutive days

Ocular exposure to metal oxide engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) is common as exemplified by zinc oxide (ZnO), a major constituent of sunscreens and cosmetics. The ocular surface that includes the transparent cornea and its protective tear film are common sites of exposure for metal ENMs. Despite the frequency of exposure of the ocular surface, there is a knowledge gap regarding the effects of metal

The antimicrobial properties of silver nanomaterials (AgNM) have been exploited in various consumer applications, including textiles such as wound dressings. Understanding how these materials chemically transform throughout their use is necessary to predict their efficacy during use and their behavior after disposal. The aim of this work was to evaluate chemical and physical transformations to a commercial

Food matrix effects impact the bioavailability and toxicity of pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, pesticides, and engineered nanomaterials (ENMs). However, there are currently no standardized food models to test the impact of food matrix effects using in vitro gastrointestinal models. The purpose of this study was to establish a standardized food model (SFM) for evaluating the toxicity and fate of ingested

The industrial use and widespread application of carbon-based nanomaterials have caused a rapid increase in their production over the last decades. However, toxicity of these materials is not fully known and is still being investigated for potential human and ecological health risks. Detecting carbon-based nanomaterials in the environment using current analytical methods is problematic, making environmental

Legislation addressing environmental, health and safety aspects of nanomaterials in consumer products and ensuring their safe use is being continuously updated in the European Union and globally. This leads to a growing need for tools to implement this developing legislation. A freely accessible inventory of ready-to-use and publicly available tools that together cover the tasks within a nanomaterial

The effects of cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2-NPs) on 15N/14N ratio (δ15N) in wheat and barley were investigated. Seedlings were exposed to 0 and 500 mg CeO2-NPs/L (Ce-0 and Ce-500, respectively) in hydroponic suspension supplied with NH4NO3, NH4 +, or NO3 -. N uptake and δ15N discrimination (i.e. differences in δ15N of plant and δ15N of N source) were measured. Results showed that N content and

Many groups within the broad field of nanoinformatics are already developing data repositories and analytical tools driven by their individual organizational goals. Integrating these data resources across disciplines and with non-nanotechnology resources can support multiple objectives by enabling the reuse of the same information. Integration can also serve as the impetus for novel scientific discoveries

The rapid development of modern nanotechnology has resulted in nanomaterial being use in nearly all applications of life, raising the potential risk of nanomaterial exposure alongside the need to design safe and effective materials. Previous work has demonstrated a specific effect of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) of approximately 20 nm on endothelial barrier function in vitro. To expand our understanding

There is a growing need to develop and characterize reference metal and metal oxide engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) of high purity and tunable intrinsic properties suitable for nanotoxicology research. Here a high throughput (volume) and precision flame spray pyrolysis (FSP) approach coupled with state-of-the-art characterization techniques are utilized to generate such reference ENMs. The lab-based

Typical in vitro assays used for high throughput toxicological screening and measuring nano-bio interactions are conducted by pipetting suspensions of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) dispersed in nutrient-rich culture media directly onto cells. In order to achieve fairly monodisperse and stable suspensions of small agglomerates, ultrasonic energy is usually applied to break apart large agglomerates

Nano-enabled thermoplastics are part of the growing market of nano-enabled products (NEPs) that have vast utility in several industries and consumer goods. The use and disposal of NEPs at their end of life has raised concerns about the potential release of constituent engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) during thermal decomposition and their impact on environmental health and safety. To investigate this

The unique properties of single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) make them viable candidates for versatile implementation in the next generation of biomedical devices for targeted delivery of chemotherapeutic agents or cellular-sensing probes. Such implementation requires user-tailored changes in SWCNT's physicochemical characteristics to allow for efficient cellular integration while maintaining nanotubes'

Nano-fillers are increasingly incorporated into polymeric materials to improve the mechanical, barrier or other matrix properties of nanocomposites used for consumer and industrial applications. However, over the life cycle, these nanocomposites could degrade due to exposure to environmental conditions, resulting in the release of embedded nanomaterials from the polymer matrix into the environment

Nanotechnology risk management strategies and environmental regulations continue to rely on hazard and exposure assessment protocols developed for bulk materials, including larger size particles, while commercial application of nanomaterials (NMs) increases. In order to support and corroborate risk assessment of NMs for workers, consumers, and the environment it is crucial to establish the impact of

Ingestion of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles from products such as agricultural chemicals, processed food, and nutritional supplements is nearly unavoidable. The gastrointestinal tract serves as a critical interface between the body and the external environment, and is the site of essential nutrient absorption. The goal of this study was to examine the effects of ingesting the 30 nm TiO2 nanoparticles