ABSTRACT Polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs) are organochlorine compounds comprising the naphthalene ring system, in which one to eight hydrogen atoms have been substituted with chlorine atoms, yielding 75 chlorinated congeners. They were considered as persistent organic pollutants in May 2015 at the Stockholm Convention owing to their toxicity, persistence, bioaccumulation and potential for long-range

The order and connectivity of streams influence phosphorus distribution extensively. In this work, the space-and-time variabilities of total phosphorus (TP), particulate phosphorus (PP), total dissolved phosphorus (TDP), dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP), and dissolved unreactive phosphorus (DUP) in streams of three orders (Ⅰ, Ⅱ, III) were analyzed during each spring of 2016-2018 in a plain river

This study evaluated the potential health risk of OCPs in selected protein foods. A total of 66 food samples were collected from selected areas in Abeokuta, southwestern Nigeria. Food samples were analyzed for OCPs using the standard method. OCP data were analysed for descriptive and inferential statistics. Health risk assessment was conducted for non-carcinogenic {Hazard Quotient (HQ), Hazard Index

The vertical mobility of heavy metals in the soil profile may affect their bioavailability. In the present study, a field experiment was conducted for 11 years to investigate the vertical mobility of copper (Cu) and nickel (Ni) and the effects on their bioavailability in soil. It was found that the type and concentration of heavy metals are factors that affect mobility. After 11 years, the mobility

ABSTRACT This study investigated the variances in soil microbial community (SMC) structure and metabolic potentials in subtropical mountain forest ecosystem. Soil samples (0–10, 10–30 and 30–60 cm) were collected within 27 plots (20×20 m2) that were randomly assigned. Changes in SMC structure were mainly regulated by soil physicochemical property and tree diversity in 0–10 cm depth, by total nitrogen

ABSTRACT o -Dichlorobenzene could be mineralized as the sole carbon and energy source by Bacillus cereus DL-1. In this work, Haldane–Andrews and pseudo-first-order models were used to simulate the growth and degradation abilities of the strain. Two possible degradation pathways were identified by GC/MS intermediate and open-loop analysis. The removal efficiency (RE) of biotrickling filter (BTF) could

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in lead and chromium amounts in sequentially separated fractions and available forms of four sewage sludge (SS). Lead and chromium sequential extraction in SS was performed using BCR method. Single extractants were used to assay available and bioavailable forms of metals. It was found that Pb and Cr were detected in the largest amounts in organic

ABSTRACT This study aimed to assess the impacts of industrial activities in Ogun State, Nigeria. A total of 96 samples were collected both in dry and wet seasons for analysis of physicochemical quality indicators. Hydrochemical assessment were carried out according to APHA standard while hydrochemical facies of groundwater samples was evaluated using Piper Trilinear software. Pearson correlation was

ABSTRACT Surficial sediment samples along the coastal area of the province Thai Binh in Vietnam have been collected and analysed by modified Tessier method for the mercury content. The mercury levels in these samples were found in the range between 0.12–3.79 mg/kg. Elevated concentrations were observed in some locations close to tidal marshes, large aquaculture productions or low-lying areas. The highest

(2020). Studying environmental pollutants and bioavailability for reaching sustainable development goals. Environmental Pollutants and Bioavailability: Vol. 32, No. 1, pp. 68-68.

ABSTRACT Samples of PM2.5 particulates were collected from indoor air of 36 cafés, 14 cafés in which only water pipe (WS) was used, eight in which only cigarette was smoked (CC), six in which both waterpipe and cigarette were smoked (WCC), and eight cafés in which no smoking occurred (SFC) in Tehran. After that, the concentration of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), nickel(Ni), and chromium (Cr) was examined

ABSTRACT The present work was conducted in a two-part study. In part I, the levels of indoor and outdoor PM10, PM2.5, and PM1 was measured using real time GRIMM dust monitors. In part II, the performance of NAIs method was investigated on reduction of indoor concentration of PM in these residential buildings for the first time. Hourly average concentration and standard deviation (SD) of PM10 in indoor

ABSTRACT The focus was to assess the effects of biochar on Cd uptake by various vegetables and its downward movement in saline-alkali soil and carried out in polluted pots experiment. The results showed that the biomass of vegetables increased significantly by 16.9% to 519.9% while the Cd concentration in green pepper and eggplant fruits was decreased by 6.8% to 11.5% and 15.1% to 15.4% with the biochar

ABSTRACT To determine the concentration of benzene series (BTEX) compounds, 33 samples were collected from indoor air of Ghalyan cafés (GHC), cigarette cafés (CC) and smoking-free cafés (SFC) in Bushehr city, Iran, and analyzed using gas-chromatography - flame ionization detector (GC-FID). The results of this study indicated that the mean±SD values of ΣBTEX in GHC, CC and SFC cafés were 19.46 ± 6.07

ABSTRACT A constructed wetland system with Acorus calamus (A. calamus) was developed to investigate the purification efficiency of petroleum-containing wastewater. High-throughput sequencing was employed to investigate bacterial richness and diversity, bacterial community structure variation between spring and summer, and the effect of bacteria on petroleum-containing wastewater purification in the

ABSTRACT The effects of straw input, including three strategies: chopped straw, straw-derived compost and biochar, on bacterial communities and chemical composition in maize rhizosphere were investigated according to a three-year field experiment. Illumina MiSeq sequencing showed that biochar input increased bacterial richness but decreased bacterial diversity in rhizosphere when compared with the

ABSTRACT The pyrolysis treatment can effectively reduce the sewage sludge volume and fix its nutrients for land application. The synergistic effect on the fixation of nutrients can be better exerted by the sewage sludge biochars (SSB) prepared by the co-pyrolysis method. In this study, SSB was prepared by adding stalks and mineral materials in to sewage sludge that was used as the base material. The

Organic matter application was one of the suitable ways to improve soil nitrogen availability in saline soils. In this study, two soils of different levels of total soluble salts, 2.45 g kg−1 (LS) and 4.03 g kg−1 (HS), were used in a pot experiment with eight treatments: bio-organic fertilizer (prepared with cow dung) and farmyard manure (fowl manure) each at three dosages (3350, 6700, and 13,400 kg

It is thus essential and critical to enhance phosphorus (P) fertilizer use efficiency of crops to improve agricultural and environmental sustainability. A pot experiment was conducted to examine the impact of different kinds of value-added P-potassium (K)-activator fertilizers (VPAFs) on soil nutrient bioavailability, growth and yield of wheat-maize crops. Compared with that of the control (NPK) treatment

Surface soils were collected near a chemical industrial park in the present study and in vitro inhalation and ingestion bioaccessibility of soilborne lead, cadmium, arsenic and chromium was evaluated using various in vitro bioaccessibility procedures including simulated lung fluid (SLF), artificial lysosomal fluid (ALF), modified Gamble solution (MGS), Solubility/Bioaccessibility Research Consortium

A pot experiment was conducted to study chemical speciations and bioavailability of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in the gray calcium soil from northwestern China, and accumulation and translocation of Cd and Pb in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown on the soil was also studied. The results showed that significant changes of Cd and Pb fractions in the soil and Cd and Pb concentrations in the wheat were

Shooting ranges continue to pose environmental and human health risk due to the accumulation of toxic Pb emanating from munitions. Remediation of Pb pollution at shooting ranges has been carried out through application of various techniques of which chemical stabilization is the most common. In some instances, field chemical stabilization has achieved Pb decontamination of the soils to concentrations

Precision farming based on soil total nitrogen status is crucial to informed fertilization strategies while enhancing environmental quality of agricultural ecosystems. Hyperspectral technology was applied for rapid assessment of soil total nitrogen content in a long-term fertilization experiment of wheat-corn rotation system. The first-order derivative of squared spectra and Soil Adjusted Spectral

Celery is one of the most widely cultivated vegetables worldwide. Boron (B), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu) are essential microelements for plant growth with Cu also important in controlling fungal diseases. But little is known about the combined effects of B, Zn, and Cu fertilizers on celery. A pot experiment was conducted during two growing seasons (2014–2015 and 2015–2016) using a novel foliar fertilizer:

Three anaerobic reactors for treating starch wastewater as the Anaerobic Digester (AD), Up-flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) reactor, and Internal Circulation (IC) reactor, were assessed in terms of energy supply and economic factors pertaining to biogas production. For all three reactors, more than 90% of heat loss was derived from the substrate heating loss. When the Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)

Plant functional traits reflect the responses and adaptations of plants to their immediate environment. In this study, 10 different sources of the Houttuynia cordata population in Anhui Province, China, were examined in terms of their leaf responses and adaptive mechanisms towards soil characteristics. Our study observed the leaf weight ratio depicted a significant negative correlation with leaf potassium

Denitrifying bacterial communities play an important role in nitrogen removal. The diversity, abundance and distribution of denitrifiers can be applied in eutrophication assessment for the bay ecosystems. In this study, the composition and variation of cytochrome cd1-type nitrite reductase gene (nirS)-type denitrifiers in the sediments of Haizhou Bay were investigated by using a PCR-based cloning approach

The Cd(II) adsorption of kiwi biochar functionalized with Mg-Fe (3:1) layered double hydroxides (LDH) was studied. And the biochar was got via liquid-phase deposition, by incorporating Mg-Fe layered double hydroxide (Mg-Fe LDH) particles into kiwi biochar (KB/LDH). The batch of sorption experiments were studied, including adsorption kinetics and isotherm and the effects of pH, ion strength (IS) and

Because of its unique reductive properties, nanoscale zero-valent iron (NZVI) has been widely used in soil and groundwater remediation. It is crucial to understand the fate of NZVI in soils. In this work, a range of laboratory experiments was conducted to examine the adsorption, transformation, and transport of NZVI. The NZVI particles showed relatively strong sorption onto vertic shajiang-aquic cambosols

To investigate responses difference of soil potential nitrification rates (PNR) to heavy metals and antibiotics, batch toxicity experiments of Cu and sulfadiazine (SDZ) were conducted in four typical soils which were collected from different locations of China. Toxic differences of Cu and SDZ to soil PNR were evaluated based on their values of EC20 and EC50 calculated with logistic model. It was found that

In this work, the optimum conditions for the synthesis of nano zero valent iron sulfide were studied in detail using orthogonal experiment. The palygorskite-supported sulfide-modified nanoscale zero-valent iron (S-nZVI/P) was prepared, characterized, and further applied to remove Congo red (CR) in aqueous solutions. The results of structural characterization showed that the Fe0 was coated with FeS layers

The effect of biochar (BC) addition on NOx gas emissions was investigated from a calcareous soil. Application rates of zero (BC0), 1 (BC1), 2 (BC2), 5 (BC5), and 10 (BC10) percent weight/weight were used. The NOx emission flux was measured in a dynamic flux chamber. The flux was generally higher in BC0 than in the amended plots. The total NOx emission from BC1, BC2, BC5, and BC10 fell by 50.3, 75.3

A simple method for preparing chelated calcium from black liquor produced in the paper industry was studied. Various factors influencing the chelation rate of Ca2+ were studied, including the system pH, reaction temperature, reaction time, reaction solution ratio. The optimum reaction conditions are as follows: the system pH, reaction temperature, reaction solution ratio (V(CaCl2):m (Black liquor))

The sorption potentials of two soil colloids and fine powder kaolinite for Pb(II) and Cu(II) were analyzed, and the effects of pH, ionic strength and organic matter on the sorption were invetigated. The two soil colloids and fine powder kaolinite were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. Black soil had more mineral compositions and surface

This study investigated the influence of sludge retention time (SRT) in three hybrid membrane bioreactors to treat domestic wastewater at different SRTs (10, 20, and 40 d) simultaneously, based on extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) analysis. The results showed that significant positive correlation existed between SRT and humic acids quantity in TB-EPS, humic acids quantity in S-EPS, DNA quantity

As a new type of pollutant, microplastics are an emerging scientific and social concern in the environment and are widely distributed in the aquatic environment and organism. Nowadays, researches on microplastic pollution mainly focus on the marine environment. As a bridge for the migration of microplastics from the terrestrial environment to the marine environment, the freshwater environment has been

Anthropogenic activities leads to increase in toxic metals in the environment. The toxicity of Cd, Cr and Pb to P. juliflora were tested in agar media; Seeds germinated in 25, 50 and 100 mg/L Pb; 5, 10 and 20 mg/ 10 L Cd; and 10 mg/L Cr were mostly unaffected. At 20 and 40 mg/L, Cr inhibited germination. Similarly, Cd and Cr treatments but not Pb disturbed seedlings development. Up to 3366.3 mg/kg

The adsorption of arsenic plays an important role in the mobility of this toxic element in the saline-alkali soil environment. The adsorption and transport of arsenate [As(V)] in saline-alkali soils were investigated in this study. The results of kinetic experiments indicated that the rate of As(V) adsorption was initially rapid and then became slow, which were modeled well with the pseudo-second-order

Layered graphene oxide (GO) membranes are considered promising separation membranes because of their lamellar structure, strong mechanical strength and strong hydrophilic properties. However, there are a limited number of studies on the mechanism of water transport through a layered GO membrane. In this paper, by using a self-synthesized layered GO membrane, we developed and validated the first dynamic

The effect of oxalic acid on phenanthrene sorption was varied from that on pyrene sorption. 1.0 mg L-1 of oxalic acid inhibited phenanthrene sorption, whereas 20, 50 and 100 mg L-1 of oxalic acid enhanced the sorption. However, pyrene sorption onto biochar was all inhibited among different concentrations of oxalic acid. New functional groups and increased polarity were observed in the biochar coexisted

With the climate warming leading to thawing permafrost, the trace metal releasing from the permafrost is of increasing importance. The source area of the Yellow river (SAYR) in Tibet Plateau, underlain by permafrost which provides important source water, was investigated. One hundred and eleven water samples across SAYR were collected in April 2014, when permafrost thawing began and the precipitation

Manganese oxide-loaded sludge-derived biochar (Mn-SDBC) was synthesized and used to activate persulfate (PS) for Orange G (OG) degradation. X-ray fluorescence and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis indicated that the manganese oxides were successfully loaded on the SDBC. The result of batch experiments suggests that OG can be efficiently degraded by PS activated by Mn-SDBC. Metal loading

To determine the sorption potential and mechanisms of tetracycline (TC) on pristine and H2O2-modified biochars, rape stalk biochars were produced and modified by H2O2. The specific surface area and pore volume of biochars increased with improving pyrolysis temperature, while the acidic groups decreased. Moreover, modified by H2O2, much more oxygen-containing functional groups were introduced. The results

Soil potential nitrification rate (PNR) and diversity of ammonia-oxidizing microbes were investigated in spiked soils with Cu and Sulfadiazine (SDZ). An obvious decrease of PNR was observed with the increase of Cu and SDZ concentrations in the soil. Real-time fluorescence quota PCR result showed that AOA and AOB were slightly stimulated at the gene level in both contaminated soils. Sequential analysis

The mobility and phytotoxicity of heavy metals in the sludge produced by municipal wastewater treatment plants are key environmental factors limiting the agricultural application of sludge. To reduce the mobility and phytoavailability of Cr, Ni, Zn and Cu, the effect of attapulgite as a stabilizer on metal stabilization in sludge was investigated. Loess soil amended with attapulgite-stabilized sludge

The objective of this study was to investigate the bioavailability of iodine (I) after applying different soil amendments. The effectiveness of organic and inorganic I sources on I concentration of mint was compared. Soil was amended with sawdust, rice husk, charcoal, wood ash and gypsum at the rate 10 t ha-1. Results showed that the use of soil amendment significantly enhanced mint biomass. The biomass

Selected three soil (yellow cinnamon soil, manual loessial soil and aeolian sandy soil) to study the kinetics and isotherms sorption of V(Ⅴ), and further explore the differences in the adsorption mechanism caused by initial V (V) concentration, ionic strength (IS), pH and different reaction times. It was observed that V(Ⅴ) adsorption onto the soil had three processes and completed rapid adsorption

Urea formaldehyde (UF) was modified by the soybean protein hydrolysate (SPH) to adjust the rate of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK) release. The SPH section can copolymerize into the UF molecules. The crystallinity of modified UF fertilizer decreased with increasing SPH content. The surface of SPH-modified UF fertilizer was loose and porous. The nitrogen content of SPH-modified UF fertilizer

CuO particles can be used as an agrochemical with slow and controlled release of micronutrients but, their size-specific effects have not been well elucidated. In this study, soil-grown lettuce was exposed to CuO nanoparticles (nCuO) and CuO microparticles (μCuO) at 0, 200, and 400 mg Cu/kg for 60 days. At harvest, nCuO released 82.2% and 117.7% more Cu ions, as well as 48.7% and 75.3% more DTPA-extractable

The hydrofluoric acid modified biochar (HF-BC) was obtained, aiming to improve its performance for activating persulfate (PS) to make acid orange 7 (AO7) degraded in water solution. Results showed that the surface area, micropore volume, carboxyl and phenolic hydroxyl group content of HF-BC increased by 171%, 172%, 23.8% and 50%, respectively, compared to unmodified biochar (BC). The decolorization

The environment-friendly disposal approaches for sewage sludge remain a challenge worldwide, and agricultural application of the treated sewage sludge, i.e. biosolids, as soil conditioner and nutrient source for plants, is still one of the most promising options for dealing with the waste. In this study, we compared the effects of long-term applications of biosolids and mineral fertilizer on soil microbial

A combined technology between Iron-carbon micro-electrolysis (ICME) and H2O2 using scrap iron and granular active carbon was extensively investigated and optimized (three main independent parameters chosen) for chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal of landfill leachate reverse osmosis (RO) concentration by batch experiments. A regression quadratic equation was developed to model the outcome using central

The transport and fractionation of copper (Cu) were investigated in three soils which were under continuous citrus production for over 30 years. The above soils received 50 kg Cu ha−1, and were leached with eight pore volumes of water (equivalent to a total of 91 cm of rainfall). Following the completion of leaching, the leaching columns were sectioned into 5 cm depth increments for analyses of soil

(2019). Environmental pollutants and bioavailability: an open environmental research forum. Environmental Pollutants and Bioavailability: Vol. 31, No. 1, pp. i-i.

The objective of this study was to assess the predictive performance of midDRIFTS-PLSR models in quantifying total carbon (TC), total organic carbon (TOC), total inorganic carbon (TIC), total nitrogen (TN), hot water extractable carbon and nitrogen (CHWE, NHWE), pH, and the clay, silt, and sand content of soils. A total of 68 soil samples were taken across an agroecological region in southwest Iran

A good understanding of the relationship between vegetable quality and soil N balance is very important for proper nitrogen (N) management for crop productions. In this study, a field experiment was carried out to investigate the N application rate and times on Chinese cabbage yield and quality, N use efficiency, soil nitrate-N concentration, and soil pH. The experiment was implemented in a two-way

The transport of Pb(II) or Cd(II) in subsurface has been studied in the literature; however; their co-transport in porous media in presence of colloids has not been clearly understood. In this work, a series of column experiments were conducted to study Pb(II) and Cd(II) co-transport in saturated porous media under various experimental conditions with different combination of colloidal solution (montmorillonite

The interactive effects of straw-derived biochar and bio-based polymer-coated urea (BPCU) was examined with a pot experiment conducted in 2014 and 2015. Using a split-plot design, the main plot factor was the form of straw use and the sub-plot factor was the type of N fertilizer. The soil inorganic nitrogen (N), organic carbon and lint yield of biochar treatments were significantly higher than for

With the fast-developing nanotechnology, metal based nanoparticles (NPs) production and application are increased significantly. These metal based NPs can enter agricultural land through both direct and indirect pathways. This review presents an overview of the fate and transport of metal based NPs and their interactions with plants in agricultural ecosystem system. The physical chemical properties

This study was aimed to analyze the thallium pollution and assess the potential ecological risks in the vicinity of coal mines in Henan province, China. We studied 90 surface farmland soil samples from 9 representative coal mines. The Tl concentrations were determined and the potential ecological risks were evaluated. Investigations revealed the farmland soils were modestly contaminated and the trace