The ocular drug discovery arena has undergone a significant improvement in the last few years culminating in the FDA approvals of 8 new drugs. However, despite a large number of drugs, generics, and combination products available, it remains an urgent need to find breakthrough strategies and therapies for tackling ocular diseases. Targeting the adenosinergic system may represent an innovative strategy

Tranylcypromine (TCP) is a useful pharmacophore for lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) inhibitors. Based on the mode of action (MOA) of TCP and structure of LSD1, divalent TCP derivatives with aliphatic and benzylic linkers were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their LSD1 inhibitory activity, MV4-11 antiproliferative activity, and CD86 mRNA expression enhancement. All ten new compounds showed

Indole-based chalcones have been identified as interesting compounds with anticancer properties. In the present study, we report the synthesis and evaluation of new 1-methoxyindole and 2-alkoxyindole chalcone hybrids as antiproliferative agents active against colorectal carcinoma cell line. Among the 19 investigated molecules, four inhibit the proliferation of colorectal cancer cells HCT-116 with IC50

Chemical investigation of demosponge Hyrtios erectus (family Thorectidae) resulted in the identification of two scalarane-type sesterterpenes, erectascalaranes A–B, which were characterized as 3-((but-35-enyloxy)methyl)-icosahydro-11-hydroxy-4,4,8,10,13-pentamethyl-20-oxochryseno[2,1-c]furan-12-yl acetate (erectascalarane A) and 3-((but-35-enyloxy)methyl)-hexadecahydro-11-hydroxy-4,4,8,10,13-pentamethylchryseno[2

Allosteric activators of human glucokinase (GK) had revealed significant hypoglycemic effects for therapy of type-2 diabetes (T2D) in animal as well as human models. Some newer N-benzimidazol-2yl substituted benzamide analogues were prepared and assessed for activation of GK accompanied by molecular docking investigations for predicting the bonding interactions of these derivatives with the residues

NLRP3 inflammasome has recently attracted much attention as a potentially druggable target to develop potential therapeutics for inflammatory and neurodegenerative disorders. In our continuing studies, structure–activity relationship studies were conducted based on a newly identified NLRP3 inhibitor, YQ-II-128, from our laboratory to understand the structural features and improve aqueous solubility

In this paper, novel 2-((5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)thio)-N-arylacetamide derivatives (7a–l) are designed, synthesized, and evaluated in vitro for their urease inhibitor activities. The compounds are synthesized efficiently in three steps in high isolated yields from amines, 2-chloroacetyl chloride, hydrazinecarbothioamide, and carbon disulfide. The molecular docking simulation were performed using

Herein we report our investigation concerning the development of Human neutrophil elastase (hNE) inhibitors for the treatment of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS). Various benzenesulfonic acid derived compounds were synthesized and evaluated as competitive inhibitors of hNE. Biological screening revealed that compound 4f shows moderate inhibitory activity (IC50 = 35.2 μM) against hNE. Compound

Cancer is the 2nd most fatal disease around the globe. Various receptors have been showed to be overexpressed and/or mutated in numerous cancers. Discoidin domain receptors 1 (DDR1) and 2 (DDR2) are one of the novel receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), which have been proved to regulate various cellular signaling pathways, cell proliferation, adhesion, migration, matrix remodeling, and dysregulation of

We report herein the synthesis and evaluation of phenyl ureas derived from 4-oxotetrahydropyrimidine as novel capsid assembly modulators of hepatitis B virus (HBV). Among the derivatives, compound 27 (58031) and several analogs showed an activity of submicromolar EC50 against HBV and low cytotoxicities (>50 μM). Structure–activity relationship studies revealed a tolerance for an additional group at

In this study, a new series of quinazolinone-1,2,3-triazole-acetamide hybrids 8a–m, using by molecular hybridization of the potent α-glucosidase inhibitor pharmacophores, was designed and evaluated against carbohydrate-hydrolyzing enzymes α-glucosidase and α-amylase. All the synthesized compounds with IC50 values in the range of 45.3 ± 1.4 µM to 195.5 ± 4.7 µM were significantly more potent than standard

Combating pathological conditions related to hyperactivity of enzymes remains a formidable challenge for health. Small molecules therapy constitutes one of the means to circumvent the medical disorders resulting from enzyme hyperactivity. In this regard, we have synthesized structurally diverse amino acid hybrid Schiff bases (5a–5l and 10a–10k) and evaluated them for carbonic anhydrase II, α-glucosidase

A Series of new tacrine analogs were designed, synthesized, characterized by respective spectral data and evaluated for cholinesterase inhibitory activity to be useful in Alzheimer’s disease. Most of the synthesized compounds showed good in vitro inhibitory activities toward acetyl cholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) enzymes. Among the compounds, 6i, 6o and 6r with increased saturated

More and more attention has been paid to the structurally diverse indazole analogs in recent years which are widely present in numerous commercially available drugs. Indazole-containing derivatives are endowed with a broad range of biological properties, such as anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anti-HIV, antiarrhythmics, antifungal and antitumor activities. This review is a guide for pharmacologists

As a disease closely related to the metabolic syndrome, diabetes has become a public health issue that severely affects many people’s quality of life. The search for novel anti-diabetic agents remains the cornerstone to control this challenging disease. Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), a negative regulator of insulin and leptin signaling pathways, has turned out to be a potential target of

A new class of GABA reuptake inhibitors with sterically demanding, highly rigid tricyclic cage structures as the lipophilic domain was synthesized and investigated in regard to their biological activity at the murine GABA transporters (mGAT1–mGAT4). The construction of these compounds, consisting of nipecotic acid, a symmetric tricyclic amine, and a plain hydrocarbon linker connecting the two subunits

With its high level of phytochemical and botanical variability, Papaver genus contains several species with many subspecies yielding more than 170 alkaloids. Papaver species have been used as sedative, hypnotic, analgesic, and antidepressant. The aim of this study is to shed light on the structure–activity relationship of alkaloids isolated from Papaver genus. All alkaloids isolated from Papaver genus

Cancer is a disease portrayed by the uncontrolled growth of irregular cells. Tankyrase, a member of poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase family, mediates Wnt signal transduction and has emerged as a new molecular target for the therapy of different kinds of cancer. Wnt/β-catenin signaling functions significantly in a wide scope of biological events, such as the upkeep of genomic stability, transcriptional control

The number of deaths or critical health issues is a threat in the infection caused by Dengue virus, which complicates the situation, as only symptomatic treatment is the current solution. In this regard we have targeted the dengue protease NS2B-NS3 that is responsible for the replication. The series was designed with the help of molecular modeling approach using docking protocols. The series comprised

Carbonic anhydrase-II (CA-II) catalyzes reversible hydration of carbon dioxide leading to the formation of bicarbonate and a proton. CA-II inhibitors act as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for various diseases such as epilepsy, glaucoma, leukemia, and cystic fibrosis. In the present work, a number of thiourea and benzylidene derivatives were evaluated as CA-II inhibitors. For this, detection of

Suppressive potencies of tetrandrine, isotetrandrine, fangchinoline, berbamine, dauricine, cepharanthine, and armepavine on expression and activation of NF-κB in MOLT-4 cells, MOLT-4/DNR cells, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of healthy subjects and PBMCs of dialysis patients were compared. In MOLT-4 cells, the suppressive potencies evaluated by the IC50 values were isotetrandrine > cep

A series of triphenylphosphonium (TPP) conjugates of 1,2,3-triazolyl analogues of several pyrimidine nucleosides was synthesized and evaluated for the in vitro cytotoxicity against human cancer cell lines M-HeLa, MCF-7, PANC-1, PC-3, DU145, SKOV-3, A275, and normal human cell line WI-38. In these TPP-conjugates triphenylphosphonium cation was attached via a tetramethylene chain to the N-3 atom of the

A series of long-chain imidazolium-based ionic liquids (ILs) 1-dodecyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (1), 1,3-bis(octyloxycarbonylmethyl)imidazolium chloride (2) and 1-dodecyloxycarbonylmethyl-3-methyloxycarbonylmethylimidazolium chloride (3), were synthesized and evaluated as antimicrobials against a wide range of bacteria and fungi. Toxicological risks of selected compounds were assessed using the

In the present study, a novel series of quinazoline derivatives is developed for cancer therapy. All the synthesised analogues were evaluated against a panel of 60 human cancer cell lines for the antiproliferative activity. Significant and selective growth inhibition of several solid tumour cell lines such as NCI-H322M, NCI-H522 (non-small cell lung cancer), IGROV1, SK-OV-3 (ovarian cancer), TK-10

Cola belongs to the family Malvaceae and contains 125 Cola plants. Among the Cola species, Cola acuminata and Cola nitida are the most studied for their pharmacology effects. Cola contains phytochemicals such as alkaloids, caffeine, theobromine, theophylline, quinic acid, chlorogenic acid, purine, (−)-epicatechin, (+)-catechin, sterols, anthraquinones, flavonoid glycosides, cardenolides, tannins, rostratanic

A multicomponent reaction was used as a synthetic strategy to prepare organotin (IV) complexes, 2-amino-3-hydroxypyridine, saliciladehydes 5-R-substituted (H, CH3, OCH3, C(CH)3, F, Cl, Br, I, NO2), and dibutyltin(IV) oxide were used as starting materials. The complexes were analyzed by IR, UV–Visible, MS, NMR of 1H, 13C, 119Sn. The complex 3a was structurally identified by X-ray crystallography, which

The Yamaguchi reaction is widely and generally applied to synthesize esters and lactones. It involves 2,4,6-trichlorobenzoyl chloride as the Yamaguchi reagent, 4-dimethylaminopyridine, and triethylamine. Pyrazinamide is a crucial first-line drug for tuberculosis treatment, therefore their analogues are interesting in organic synthesis. In general, the synthesis pyrazinamide analogues involve reaction

Two aryl-enclosed polyketides were identified from the ethyl acetate extract of mangrove sediment associated bacterium Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and were characterized as 1-(8-hydroxy-1-oxoisochroman-3-yl)propyl 4′-(6′-hydroxy-8′-oxotetrahydrofuran-5′-yl)acetate (compound 1) and 6′a-(3′-(1′-(8-hydroxy-1-oxoisochroman-3-yl)propoxy)-3′-oxoethyl)-8′-oxotetrahydrofuran-6′-yl butyrate (compound 2) by

Many chemicals found in mangroves reportedly exhibit potent anticancer, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antitumor properties. Several of such compounds include feature unique structures and display interesting pharmacological effects. Few medicinal mangrove plants from Vietnam have been characterized with regard to their chemical constituents. Aegiceras corniculatum (L.) Blanco is

Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) is responsible for the methylation of lysine 27 of histone H3 (H3K27) leading to transcriptional repression. Consequently, EZH2 is related with several diseases including cancers, as overexpressed EZH2 can down-regulate cancer suppressor genes. Therefore, EZH2 became a promising target for cancer treatment and diagnosis and in vivo imaging of EZH2 is critical for