Clinical pharmacy (Pharm.D or MSc Clinical Pharmacy graduates) is a patient care oriented specialty. It aims to improve patient therapeutic outcomes and minimize medication errors. In Palestine, it is a new specialty taught at two universities. In order to implement this new specialty in healthcare settings, healthcare providers should have a high awareness about it, its role and importance in clinical

Purpose The study aimed to translate and validate the Arabic version of General Medication Adherence Scale (GMAS) in Saudi patients with chronic diseases. Methods A multi-center cross sectional study was conducted for a month in out-patient wards of hospitals in Khobar, Dammam, Makkah, and Madinah, Saudi Arabia. Patients were randomly selected from a registered patient pools at hospitals and the item-subject

Purpose The main aim of this study is to estimate the economic burden and prevalence of bites and stings injuries in Saudi Arabia Methods A retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted at King Saud University Medical City (KSUMC) for all bites and stings cases presented to the Emergency Department (ED) between the period June 2015 and May 2019. Results A total of 1,328 bites and stings cases

Breast cancer therapy using anticancer bioactive compounds derived from natural products as adjuvant treatment has gained recognition due to expensive and toxic conventional chemotherapeutic drugs. The whole plant of Anastatica hierochuntica (L.) (A. hierochuntica) has been investigated for its pharmacologically important anticancer properties but without categorizing the biological activities of the

On the 2nd of March 2020, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia confirmed its first case of the coronavirus's newly emerging strain, causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Soon after, the number of confirmed cases started to increase nationally. In light of the emerging outbreak, all healthcare professionals, including pharmacists, began to function with maximum capacity and efforts. The Saudi Society of Clinical

Sennoside A (dianthrone glycoside) shows laxative properties and used as a folk traditional medicine. Sennoside A capped silver nanoparticles (Ag/sennoside A) were synthesized at room temperature for the first time by using sennoside A as reducing and capping agent. UV-visible spectroscopic data reveals that the absorption peaks of pure sennoside A was appeared at 266, and 340 nm, which red shifted

The present study involves the development of Dipivefrin hydrochloride (DV) containing Poloxamers (P407 and P188)-Carbopol-934 (CP) based thermoresponsive-gels for the management of elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). Optimal formulation was evaluated for gelation temperature (Tgel), physicochemical and viscoelastic properties, in-vitro gel dissolution and drug release studies. The in-vivo safety

The prevalence of degenerative diseases increases with age. Furthermore, various factors tend to trigger cells injury, thereby, causing inflammation. This study, therefore, aims to examine the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of steeping date seeds in middle age women. This is a quasi-experimental design with a pre- and post-test approach used to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of 2.5 grams of steeped

Background Nosocomial pneumonia (NP) due to multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative pathogens, has continued to rise over the last several decades. Parenteral administration of colistin results in poor alveolar penetration and subtherapeutic concentration; therefore, direct drug deposition at site of infection may improve the effectiveness while minimizing the systemic exposure. The aim of this study

Heavy metals’ contamination in cosmetic products is a serious threat. Present study was conducted to evaluate the concentrations of heavy metals (HMs) in various brands of cosmetic products with special emphasis on their health risk assessment. Five heavy metals including Cd, Cr, Fe, Ni and Pb were quantified in different brands of lotions, foundations, whitening creams, lipsticks, hair dyes and sunblock

Ulmus davidiana var. japonica (UD) has widely been used in Korean traditional medicine for the treatment of various types of diseases including inflammation and skin wounds. The UD root bark powders possess gelling activity with an excellent capacity for absorbing water. This distinct property could make the UD root bark powders to be a great material for manufacturing a gel film specifically for the

Background The pharmacy profession has changed enormously in the recent decades. Pharmacist role has been expanded beyond formulating and dispensing medications to include the provision of pharmaceutical care and public health services to patients. Patient-centred care requires sustained competency through improving pharmacist’s knowledge, skills, and performance. Such improvements require pharmacist’s

Eight iridoid glucosides were reported from the aerial parts of Wendlandia ligustroides. 10-deoxygeniposidic acid (1), 7-deoxygardoside (2), geniposidic acid (3), 7-deoxy-8-epi-loganic acid (4), deacetyl-daphylloside (5), scandoside methyl ester (6), 6-O-methyl-deacetyl-daphylloside (7), 6-O-methyl-scandoside methyl ester (8). Compounds 3 – 8 were isolated as a pure form while 1 and 2 as a mixture

Edaravone is a heterocyclic pyrazolone compound. It has pronounced effect against free radicals, however renal and hepatic disorders have been reported. Isoxazolones are considered bioisosteric analogues of pyrazolones and may have comparable properties. Thus, we investigated the structural and electronic influences for edaravone, isoxazolone, and their tautomers on antioxidant process. Structure and

Introduction The low reporting of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in Saudi Arabia is prevalent among health-care professionals and is responsible for poor ADR signal detection. Therefore, all healthcare institutes connected with patient concern require joint and sustained efforts to strengthen ADR reporting by providing harmless and efficient medication. Objectives of the study The current study was

Background The use of simulation-based education (SBE) in pharmacy education can help students acquire the essential clinical knowledge and skills for practice and can enhance patients' safety. Simulation-based training has been implemented in inter-professional education training, introductory pharmacy practice experiences, pharmacy residency training. Still, there is limited information in the literature

Epilepsy is a common neurologic disorder, which is efficiently treated with carbamazepine and valproic acid. Moreover, Saudi Ministry of Health implemented a new E-system for Poison Control Centers called Awtar to enhance technology utilization in ensuring patients’ satisfaction and to improve treatment outcomes. Therefore, we conducted this study to assess appropriateness of indication of requests

Introduction Medicine price transparency initiatives provide public or government on information about the product's prices and the components that may influence the prices, such as volume and product quality. In Malaysia, medicine price transparency has become part of the government's strategies in ensuring adequate, continuous and equitable access to quality, safe, effective and affordable medicines

Herein, we report novel macromolecular prodrugs (MPDs) of flurbiprofen (FLB) onto a cellulose ether, hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC). The FLB was activated with a powerful acylation reagent carbonyldiimadazole (CDI) in N,N′ dimethylacetamide (DMAc) solvent at room temperature. Imidazolide of FLB generated in situ reacts at 80 °C for 24 h with pre-dissolved HPC to prepare HPC-FLB conjugates. The resultant

In modern drug delivery, seeking a drug delivery system (DDS) with a modifiable skeleton for proper targeting of loaded actives to specific sites in the body is of extreme importance for a successful therapy. Magnetically guided nanosystems, where particles such as iron oxides are guided to specific regions using an external magnetic field, can provide magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) while delivering

Now nCOVID-19 has a foothold in many countries, and the threat of a pandemic situation has risen. Recently a novel coronavirus (nCOVID-19) has first emerged in China, causing multiple symptoms in humans and closely related to those caused by SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) and MERS (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome). The nCOVID-19 has reported in Wuhan city of China has recently infected over

Late in 2019, several cases of infection with a new strain of coronavirus were reported in China. This new strain was later officially named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) by the World Health Organization (WHO). This new virus (SARS-CoV2-) mainly affects the respiratory system and causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The first case of COVID-19 was reported to the

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease associated with severe joint pain. Herein, we report lornoxicam loaded cellulosic microsponge gel formulation with sustained anti-inflammatory effects that are required to manage arthritic pain. The microsponges were formulated using quasi emulsion-solvent diffusion method employing four different surfactant systems, namely polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)

COVID-19 has created havoc in the world by causing thousands of demises in a short period of time. Up till now, several attempts have been made for potential therapeutics against SARS-COV2. In this retrospective, single-center study, we extracted data from 122 COVID-19, RT-PCR confirmed patients. who were treated with a new treatment strategy of lianhuaqingwen with Arbidol Hydrochloride. The patients

Introduction Mental illness has become a global public health issue and according to WHO report in 2015, United Arab Emirates (UAE) recorded the highest level of depression among all countries at Eastern Mediterranean Region. Many people frequently suffer from mental health diseases but tend not to obtain help. Treatment delay can become life-threatening. Objectives This study aimed to identify the

The ongoing pandemic has stimulated study of the Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System (RAAS), and how it can be manipulated to treat COVID-19. Studies are examining whether drugs that act on the RAAS system might be useful to treat COVID-19. COVID-19 and the RAAS are closely linked both in infection and in possible post-infection inflammatory cascades. We detail the Physiology and Pharmacology of the

Human estrogen receptor positive cancer cells have mutations and make an excess of the HER2 protein and are far more aggressive than others cancers. Neratinib, an irreversible tyrosine kinase inhibitor is used to treat HER2 positive cancers. Neratinib targets HER2 and blocks its signal transduction resulting in inhibition of cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis without any information about

In 30 % of epileptic individuals, intractable epilepsy represents a problem for the management of seizures and severely affects the patient's quality of life due to pharmacoresistance with commonly used antiseizure drugs (ASDs). Surgery is not the best option for all resistant patients due to its post-surgical consequences. Therefore, several alternative or complementary therapies have scientifically

Available antiulcer medications reveal partial efficacy and numerous adverse reactions. Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) was known for its potential antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and angiogenic properties. The aim of current study was to investigate the potential gastroprotective effect of TMP against indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer in rats with possible underlying mechanisms. TMP was tested at 3 doses

Objective To assess the knowledge of Alzheimer disease among healthcare students of King Saud University, Riyadh Saudi Arabia. Methods This cross-sectional survey was conducted via an online questionnaire using google form as the main platform to collect the data. We included Pharmacy, medical and dental students, who are studying at king Saud University, Riyadh Saudi Arabia during February to March

The current research explores in vitro antioxidant characteristics, radiation-induced DNA damage protection and quenching effects of the oxidative stress by the ethanolic leaf extract of Abutilon indicum (EEAI) on human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs). PBLs were incubated with various concentrations of EEAI accompanied by pre- and post-treatment with hydrogen peroxide. Cell viability was investigated

Background and aim The effect of anticoagulation control on overall Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) in patients taking warfarin in Malaysia has not been explored yet. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate HRQoL among patients on warfarin in Malaysia. Methods HRQoL among patients on warfarin was measured using WHOQOL-BREF (World Health Organization Quality of life Assessment: Brief Version)

In the present study piroxicam loaded starch nanoparticles were prepared to enhance the solubility of piroxicam by nanoprecipitation technique. The preparation of nanoparticles was carried out as per central composite experimental design protocol, having concentration of starch and drug as independent variables and particle size and polydispersity index (PdI) as dependent variables. The particle size

Folate, also known as vitamin B9, is a co-factor necessary for DNA synthesis. Folate deficiency is associated mainly with hematological findings including megaloblastic anemia and pancytopenia. Many countries have mandated grain fortification with micronutrients including folic acid resulting in a reduced prevalence of folate deficiency. Saudi Arabia imports most of the grain products and folate is

The quality of life, in itself, in cancer patients or in osteoporotic individuals, without even considering the side effects of the medication in the first place, has a considerable negative impact on the clinical outcome. The Medication Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw (MRONJ), in the maxillofacial region, although rare, needs to be addressed with the prime importance. One of the key components of

Medical terminology is the vocabulary used to describe the human body and its conditions; fluency in this language is essential for health care professionals. We examined the level of basic medical terminology understanding among 347 pharmacy students in four different colleges of pharmacy in Saudi Arabia using a newly developed test of 30 multiple choice questions. Students in the relatively new colleges

Introduction Cosmetovigilance is public health surveillance on cosmetic products with a public health objective. Since the radical development in beautifying products in Saudi Arabia, the Saudi Food and Drug Authority takes the responsibility of regulating cosmetic products and issuing guidelines to ensure its safety. Despite this, there exists a lacuna of Re published reports on cosmetics-related

In contrast to plasma pharmacokinetics, intratumoral pharmacokinetics of doxorubicin (DOX) determines its spatial anti-tumoral activity. Three-dimensional multicellular layers (MCL) model for solid tumors present optimum experimental platform for studying the intratumoral pharmacokinetics of DOX. This might imply new insights for understanding intratumoral pharmacokinetic parameters with realistic

Efavirenz displays low and variable bioavailability because of its poor aqueous solubility and high log P-value. The present investigation was aimed to improve the dissolution profile of efavirenz by using a simple, scalable and cost-effective technique of liquisolid compact. The drug was dissolved in Trancutol-HP for preparing the liquid medicament which was subsequently mixed with carrier and coating

Human serum albumin (HSA), one of the most copious plasma proteins is responsible for binding and transportation of many exogenous and endogenous ligands including drugs. In this study, we intended to explore the extent and types of binding interaction present between HSA and the antihypertensive drug, telmisartan (TLM). The conformational changes in HSA due to this binding were also studied using

Present study explores native L-asparaginase encapsulated long-acting cross-linker-free PLGA-nanoformulation in an Ehrlich ascites tumor model. L-asparaginase-PLGA nanoparticles for tumor were prepared using a double emulsion solvent evaporation technique, optimized and validated by Box-Behnken Design. L-ASN-PNs showed a particle size of 195 nm ± 0.2 nm and a PDI of 0.2. Scanning Electron Microscopy

Aim Medicinal plants act as an alternative source of anti-diabetic agents. Recently, Danzhi Jiangtang capsule (DJC) has been clinically used for treatment of diabetes, but the effect of DJC on diabetic macroangiopathy remained unclear. The present study investigates the therapeutic role of DJC in diabetic macroangiopathy and elucidates the underlying mechanisms. Methods Diabetes patients were treated

The objective of this work was to study the relation between the manufacturing conditions of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), its physicochemical properties and its tableting behavior. Two different preparation procedures were used to produce MCC from wheat straw, utilizing an acid hydrolysis method, either using only sulfuric acid or combination of sulfuric and hydrochloric acid. The tableting behavior

Objective To compare effectiveness of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and citric acid in removing collagen fiber network covering dentinal tubules of human teeth. Materials and Methods Eighteen dentin discs were divided in three groups; Gp 1: discs received no treatment (control), Gp 2: discs etched with 17% EDTA (pH = 7.1), and Gp 3: discs etched with 6 wt% citric acid (pH = 4.0). Scanning

Purpose Drug utilization studies have proven to be an effective tool in the evaluation of rational drug use in different health care systems, including oncology. The drug utilization studies were used in many institutes to ensure the safe, effective and appropriate use of drugs being prescribed. The main aim of this study was to assess the utilization pattern of anticancer drugs in breast cancer patients

Background and Aim Cholestasis is positively associated with an increased risk of peptic ulceration. The present study investigated the aggravating effect of cholestasis on piroxicam-induced gastric ulceration. The study also evaluated the effect of sodium butyrate (SoB) on piroxicam-induced gastric ulceration in cholestatic animals and its effect on hepatic tissues and both effects were compared to

Background Tabernaemontana alternifolia root is traditionally used and practiced among few Indian tribes as an antidote for snakebites. Objective To combat and neutralize Naja naja venom using methanolic root extract of Tabernaemontana alternifolia and to explore its efficacy on venom biomarkers in search of newer herbal antidote or first-aid-point of care for therapeutics. Materialization. Pharmacological

The bronchodilator effects of Roflumilast “a selective phosphodiesterase type-4 (PDE4)” inhibitor studied in this experimental protocol. The spiral strips of isolated guinea-pig tracheal chains mounted in organ bath and maintained in Krebs solution ventilated with carbogen at 32 °C and in Ca++ restricted krebs solution. PDE inhibitory activity was evaluated by recording dose response curves using inhibitory

A number of illegal amphetamine tablets were seized from three different cities of Jazan province of southern Saudi Arabia and were analyzed for amphetamine and methamphetamine contents using LC-MS/MS technique. Analyses were performed using a previously reported method taking 0.1 M ammonium formate buffer (85%) and 15% acetonitrile with 0.1% formic acid as mobile phase with a total runtime of 12 min

Saudi Arabia is undergoing a massive healthcare transformation to fulfill its new, national “Vision 2030.” To align with this objective, Saudi Arabia is establishing a new, independent and evidence-based health technology assessment (HTA) entity to help it maximize health gains through efficient use of resources. This study was designed to ascertain how pharmaceutical companies perceive the creation

Active herbal or natural compounds have high chemical diversity and specificity than synthetic drugs. Recently, we have validated the hypoglycemic salutation of Oncocalyx glabratus in rodent model, and demonstrated the activation of PPARα/γ by its newly ioslated flavan derivative Oncoglabrinol C (5,3′-Dihydroxyflavan 7-4′-O-digallate) in liver cells (HepG2). Here we evaluated the potential of Oncoglabrinol

Isoniazid is the most commonly used drug for treatment of tuberculosis, and is administered individually or in combination with other drugs as standard first line therapy. Offsetting its efficacy, severe adverse effects, especially peripheral neuropathy and hepatotoxicity, are associated with isoniazid therapy, limiting its use in tuberculosis. Isoniazid is acetylated in vivo producing hydrazine and

Purpose The present research was designed to evaluate the toxicity of tellurium and its prevention by selenium on the pituitary gland in male Wistar rats. Methods 30 rats were used weighing 200-250 gm, and randomly divided them into five groups. Each group contained an equal number of animals. Group-1 was nominated as control group. Group-2 received an intraperitoneal dose of selenium 0.3 mg per kg

Research studies have indicated that the comorbidity burden of mood disorders and obesity is reasonably high. Insulin signaling has been shown to modulate multiple physiological functions in the brain, indicating its association with neuropsychiatric diseases, including mood disorders. Leptin is a hormone responsible for regulating body weight and insulin homeostasis. Previous studies on db/db mice

Objective Researchers have confirmed that chronic administration of drugs at high doses causes genotoxicity which serve as first step in development of cancers. Apremilast, a phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor is Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved drug for Psoriatic Arthritis. The present study designed to conduct genotoxicity testing using the genotoxic study which give simple, sensitive, economical

Background CTCF encodes 11-zinc finger protein which is implicated in multiple tumors including the carcinoma of the breast. The Present study investigates the association of CTCF mutations and their expression in breast cancer cases. Methods A total of 155 breast cancer and an equal number of adjacent normal tissue samples from 155 breast cancer patients were examined for CTCF mutation(s) by PCR-SSCP

The search for new therapies for the treatment of Arterial hypertension is a major concern in the scientific community. Here, we employ a computational biochemistry protocol to evaluate the performance of six compounds (Lig783, Lig1022, Lig1392, Lig2177, Lig3444 and Lig6199) to act as antihypertensive agents. This protocol consists of Docking experiments, efficiency calculations of ligands, molecular

In sports, curcumin, a substance derived from the rhizome of Curcuma longa (turmeric) plant with antioxidant effect 8 times greater than vitamin E, has attracted the attention of scientists because of its potent antioxidant action, since in athletes subjected to intense exercise the-endogenous mechanisms of neutralization of reactive species are saturated. However, the pharmacokinetic characteristics

Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. (Asteraceae) was hydroponically cultured using a nutrient film technique system. Silibinin, isosilibinin and silychristin were detected in the fruits of the cultured plants. The effect of salicylic acid on the improvement of flavonolignans production by the fruits of the hydroponically cultured S. marianum was investigated. Salicylic acid was added to the nutrient solution