Ulmus davidiana var. japonica (UD) has widely been used in Korean traditional medicine for the treatment of various types of diseases including inflammation and skin wounds. The UD root bark powders possess gelling activity with an excellent capacity for absorbing water. This distinct property could make the UD root bark powders to be a great material for manufacturing a gel film specifically for the

Eight iridoid glucosides were reported from the aerial parts of Wendlandia ligustroides. 10-deoxygeniposidic acid (1), 7-deoxygardoside (2), geniposidic acid (3), 7-deoxy-8-epi-loganic acid (4), deacetyl-daphylloside (5), scandoside methyl ester (6), 6-O-methyl-deacetyl-daphylloside (7), 6-O-methyl-scandoside methyl ester (8). Compounds 3 – 8 were isolated as a pure form while 1 and 2 as a mixture

Background The pharmacy profession has changed enormously in the recent decades. Pharmacist role has been expanded beyond formulating and dispensing medications to include the provision of pharmaceutical care and public health services to patients. Patient-centred care requires sustained competency through improving pharmacist’s knowledge, skills, and performance. Such improvements require pharmacist’s

Heavy metals’ contamination in cosmetic products is a serious threat. Present study was conducted to evaluate the concentrations of heavy metals (HMs) in various brands of cosmetic products with special emphasis on their health risk assessment. Five heavy metals including Cd, Cr, Fe, Ni and Pb were quantified in different brands of lotions, foundations, whitening creams, lipsticks, hair dyes and sunblock

Late in 2019, several cases of new strains of coronavirus were reported in China. This new strain was later officially named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) by the World Health Organization (WHO). This new virus (SARS-CoV2-) mainly affects the respiratory system and causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The first case of COVID-19 was reported to the WHO on December

The quality of life, in itself, in cancer patients or in osteoporotic individuals, without even considering the side effects of the medication in the first place, has a considerable negative impact on the clinical outcome. The Medication Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw (MRONJ), in the maxillofacial region, although rare, needs to be addressed with the prime importance. One of the key components of

In modern drug delivery, seeking a drug delivery system (DDS) with a modifiable skeleton for proper targeting of loaded actives to specific sites in the body is of extreme importance for a successful therapy. Magnetically guided nanosystems, where particles such as iron oxides are guided to specific regions using an external magnetic field, can provide magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) while delivering

Medical terminology is the vocabulary used to describe the human body and its conditions; fluency in this language is essential for health care professionals. We examined the level of basic medical terminology understanding among 347 pharmacy students in four different colleges of pharmacy in Saudi Arabia using a newly developed test of 30 multiple choice questions. Students in the relatively new colleges

Introduction Cosmetovigilance is public health surveillance on cosmetic products with a public health objective. Since the radical development in beautifying products in Saudi Arabia, the Saudi Food and Drug Authority takes the responsibility of regulating cosmetic products and issuing guidelines to ensure its safety. Despite this, there exists a lacuna of practice on cosmetics-related adverse reactions

In contrast to plasma pharmacokinetics, intratumoral pharmacokinetics of doxorubicin (DOX) determines its spatial anti-tumoral activity. Three-dimensional multicellular layers (MCL) model for solid tumors present optimum experimental platform for studying the intratumoral pharmacokinetics of DOX. This might imply new insights for understanding intratumoral pharmacokinetic parameters with realistic

Efavirenz displays low and variable bioavailability because of its poor aqueous solubility and high log P-value. The present investigation was aimed to improve the dissolution profile of efavirenz by using a simple, scalable and cost-effective technique of liquisolid compact. The drug was dissolved in Trancutol-HP for preparing the liquid medicament which was subsequently mixed with carrier and coating

Human serum albumin (HSA), one of the most copious plasma proteins is responsible for binding and transportation of many exogenous and endogenous ligands including drugs. In this study, we intended to explore the extent and types of binding interaction present between HSA and the antihypertensive drug, telmisartan (TLM). The conformational changes in HSA due to this binding were also studied using

Present study explores native L-asparaginase encapsulated long-acting cross-linker-free PLGA-nanoformulation in an Ehrlich ascites tumor model. L-asparaginase-PLGA nanoparticles for tumor were prepared using a double emulsion solvent evaporation technique, optimized and validated by Box-Behnken Design. L-ASN-PNs showed a particle size of 195 nm±0.2 nm and a PDI of 0.2. Scanning Electron Microscopy

Aim Medicinal plants act as an alternative source of anti-diabetic agents. Recently, Danzhi Jiangtang capsule (DJC) has been clinically used for treatment of diabetes, but the effect of DJC on diabetic macroangiopathy remained unclear. The present study investigates the therapeutic role of DJC in diabetic macroangiopathy and elucidates the underlying mechanisms. Methods Diabetes patients were treated

The objective of this work was to study the relation between the manufacturing conditions of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), its physicochemical properties and its tableting behavior. Two different preparation procedures were used to produce MCC from wheat straw, utilizing an acid hydrolysis method, either using only sulfuric acid or combination of sulfuric and hydrochloric acid. The tableting behavior

Objective To compare effectiveness of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and citric acid in removing collagen fiber network covering dentinal tubules of human teeth. Materials and Methods Eighteen dentin discs were divided in three groups; Gp 1: discs received no treatment (control), Gp 2: discs etched with 17% EDTA (pH = 7.1), and Gp 3: discs etched with 6 wt% citric acid (pH = 4.0). Scanning

Purpose Drug utilization studies have proven to be an effective tool in the evaluation of rational drug use in different health care systems, including oncology. The drug utilization studies were used in many institutes to ensure the safe, effective and appropriate use of drugs being prescribed. The main aim of this study was to assess the utilization pattern of anticancer drugs in breast cancer patients

Background and Aim Cholestasis is positively associated with an increased risk of peptic ulceration. The present study investigated the aggravating effect of cholestasis on piroxicam-induced gastric ulceration. The study also evaluated the effect of sodium butyrate (SoB) on piroxicam-induced gastric ulceration in cholestatic animals and its effect on hepatic tissues and both effects were compared to

Background Tabernaemontana alternifolia root is traditionally used and practiced among few Indian tribes as an antidote for snakebites. Objective To combat and neutralize Naja naja venom using methanolic root extract of Tabernaemontana alternifolia and to explore its efficacy on venom biomarkers in search of newer herbal antidote or first-aid-point of care for therapeutics. Materialization Pharmacological

The bronchodilator effects of Roflumilast “a selective phosphodiesterase type-4 (PDE4)” inhibitor studied in this experimental protocol. The spiral strips of isolated guinea-pig tracheal chains mounted in organ bath and maintained in Krebs solution ventilated with carbogen at 32°C and in Ca++ restricted krebs solution. PDE inhibitory activity was evaluated by recording dose response curves using inhibitory

A number of illegal amphetamine tablets were seized from three different cities of Jazan province of southern Saudi Arabia and were analyzed for amphetamine and methamphetamine contents using LC-MS/MS technique. Analyses were performed using a previously reported method taking 0.1 M ammonium formate buffer (85%) and 15% acetonitrile with 0.1% formic acid as mobile phase with a total runtime of 12 minutes

Saudi Arabia is undergoing a massive healthcare transformation to fulfill its new, national “Vision 2030.” To align with this objective, Saudi Arabia is establishing a new, independent and evidence-based health technology assessment (HTA) entity to help it maximize health gains through efficient use of resources. This study was designed to ascertain how pharmaceutical companies perceive the creation

Active herbal or natural compounds have high chemical diversity and specificity than synthetic drugs. Recently, we have validated the hypoglycemic salutation of Oncocalyx glabratus in rodent model, and demonstrated the activation of PPARα/γ by its newly ioslated flavan derivative Oncoglabrinol C (5,3′-Dihydroxyflavan 7-4′-O-digallate) in liver cells (HepG2). Here we evaluated the potential of Oncoglabrinol

Isoniazid is the most commonly used drug for treatment of tuberculosis, and is administered individually or in combination with other drugs as standard first line therapy. Offsetting its efficacy, severe adverse effects, especially peripheral neuropathy and hepatotoxicity, are associated with isoniazid therapy, limiting its use in tuberculosis. Isoniazid is acetylated in vivo producing hydrazine and

Purpose The present research was designed to evaluate the toxicity of tellurium and its prevention by selenium on the pituitary gland in male Wistar rats. Methods 30 rats were used weighing 200-250 gm, and randomly divided them into five groups. Each group contained an equal number of animals. Group-1 was nominated as control group. Group-2 received an intraperitoneal dose of selenium 0.3 mg per kg

Research studies have indicated that the comorbidity burden of mood disorders and obesity is reasonably high. Insulin signaling has been shown to modulate multiple physiological functions in the brain, indicating its association with neuropsychiatric diseases, including mood disorders. Leptin is a hormone responsible for regulating body weight and insulin homeostasis. Previous studies on db/db mice

Objective Researchers have confirmed that chronic administration of drugs at high doses causes genotoxicity which serve as first step in development of cancers. Apremilast, a phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor is Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved drug for Psoriatic Arthritis. The present study designed to conduct genotoxicity testing using the genotoxic study which give simple, sensitive, economical

Background CTCF encodes 11-zinc finger protein which is implicated in multiple tumors including the carcinoma of the breast. The Present study investigates the association of CTCF mutations and their expression in breast cancer cases. Methods A total of 155 breast cancer and an equal number of adjacent normal tissue samples from 155 breast cancer patients were examined for CTCF mutation(s) by PCR-SSCP

The search for new therapies for the treatment of Arterial hypertension is a major concern in the scientific community. Here, we employ a computational biochemistry protocol to evaluate the performance of six compounds (Lig783, Lig1022, Lig1392, Lig2177, Lig3444 and Lig6199) to act as antihypertensive agents. This protocol consists of Docking experiments, efficiency calculations of ligands, molecular

In sports, curcumin, a substance derived from the rhizome of Curcuma longa (turmeric) plant with antioxidant effect 8 times greater than vitamin E, has attracted the attention of scientists because of its potent antioxidant action, since in athletes subjected to intense exercise the-endogenous mechanisms of neutralization of reactive species are saturated. However, the pharmacokinetic characteristics

Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. (Asteraceae) was hydroponically cultured using a nutrient film technique system. Silibinin, isosilibinin and silychristin were detected in the fruits of the cultured plants. The effect of salicylic acid on the improvement of flavonolignans production by the fruits of the hydroponically cultured S. marianum was investigated. Salicylic acid was added to the nutrient solution

Background Drug dispensing is the major function of community pharmacists, the pharmacists should have the ability to counsel the patients and be aware of dispensing errors. Self- medication is a universal phenomenon that is widely practiced in developing countries and it may lead to irrational usage of drugs. Objectives The objectives of this study were identifying the factors that associated with

Polyphenols has attained pronounced attention due to their beneficial values of health and found to prevent several chronic diseases. Here, we elucidated binding mechanism between frequently consumed polyphenol “tea catechin” and milk protein bovine beta-lactoglobulin (β-Lg). We investigated the conformational changes of β-Lg due to interaction with catechin using spectroscopic and in silico studies

In this study, a series of synthesized 3-(4-substituted benzyl)-5-isopropyl-5-phenylhydantoin derivatives as a potential antiproliferative and antimigratory agents were investigated. The possible antitumor mechanisms of investigated hydantoin derivatives were examined on human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231. The cells were treated with different concentrations of compounds (from 0.01 µM to 100 µM)

In the last decade, considerable attention has been devoted to the use of biodegradable polymeric materials as potential drug delivery carriers. However, bioavailability and drug release at the disease site remain uncontrollable even with the use of polymeric nanocarriers. To address this issue, successful methodologies have been developed to synthesize polymeric nanocarriers incorporated with regions

Background A visually impaired person typically faces countless challenges throughout their daily activities. These challenges can include medication safety and efficacy. Few studies have addressed the issues of safety and pattern of medication usage in visually impaired patients, or the need to apply Braille labeling to medications dispensed to these patients. Objective To explore the medication use

The delivery of drugs via fast dissolving films is an effective alternative for drugs with low bioavailability when administered by other routes. This is the case of domperidone (DMP) an anti-emetic drug with low water solubility and vulnerable to extensive first-pass effect. To overcome these limitations, in this work, we designed and produced fast dissolving muco-adhesive buccal films of domperidone

Otostegia fruticosa, a plant belonging to the family Lamiaceae, is endemic to Ethiopia. In Ethiopian traditional medicine, O. fruticosa has been used for the treatment of several respiratory-related disorders. The present study was designed to evaluate the bronchodilatory and antimicrobial activities of O. fruticosa leaves crude extract (Of.Cr). Ex-vivo experiments were conducted on guinea-pig trachea

PTMC-PEG-PTMC triblock copolymers were prepared by ring-opening polymerization of trimethylene carbonate (TMC) in the presence of dihydroxylated poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) with Mn of 6000 and 10,000 as macro-initiator. The copolymers with different PTMC block Lengths and the two PEGs were end functionalized with acryloyl chloride. The resulting diacrylated PEG-PTMC-DA and PEG-DA were characterized

Vascular endothelial dysfunction is caused by dyslipidemia, hypertension, and deficiency of antioxidant systems. In this study, the protective effect of a flavonol, morin was investigated in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced dyslipidemia and vascular endothelium dysfunction. The dose-dependent attenuating effect of morin was tested at doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg/day in an in-vivo model of HFD-induced dyslipidemia

Purpose Understanding the appearance of anti-tubercular drug-related adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in patients receiving tuberculosis (TB) treatment is important, and may be related to morbidity and mortality if not recognized early. Here, we aimed to characterize the mechanisms underlying adverse drug reactions due to combination anti-tuberculosis therapy of the Revised National Tuberculosis Control

The amount of polysorbate 80 in pharmaceutical formulations affects the product quality and efficacy. A reliable test method is required to quantify the amount of Polysorbate 80 present in the drug product formulations. The test method for the determination of Polysorbate 80 may be used during process development and final product quality assessment. A simple, fast and efficient quantitative method

The objective of the present research was to examine the possible usage of microemulsion based gel for fusidic acid (FA) dermal application as burn wound treatment. During the preparation of microemulsion, ethyl oleate as oil phase, tween 80 as a surfactant, ethanol as co-surfactant, water as aqueous phase were used. The prepared microemulsions were evaluated for clarity, pH, viscosity and FA content

Objectives The DISCOVER study is a global, prospective, three- year- observational (non-interventional) study that was conducted in 37 countries throughout the world including Saudi Arabia and aimed to assess variations in treatment patterns and therapeutic outcomes in type 2 diabetic patients. The current manuscript is reporting data of DISCOVER study across different health sectors of various provinces

The aim of this study was the development of griseofulvin (GRI) loaded β-cyclodextrin (β–CD) based nanosponges for bitter taste masking, improving dissolution rate and oral bioavailability. Plain NS (NS1 NS2 and NS3) were fabricated by reacting β-CD with the cross-linker diphenyl carbonate at different molar ratios (1:2, 1:4 and 1:6, respectively) using ultrasonication method. The NS2 provided both

The antidiabetic drugs metformin, gliclazide and glipizide have been widely used and studied in terms of pharmacological and antidiabetic effects, and their individual stability has been studied in the literature. However, the drugs’ combined stability profiling remains poorly understood, and hence the aim of this study was to investigate the collective stability profiling of different combinations

Background Acne vulgaris is a self-limiting condition that may affect the patients quality of life. The most efficacious treatment of choice for acne is isotretinoin. However, adverse effects and relapse of acne after completing an isotretinoin course pose major hurdles for treatment compliance and adherence. Method The authors conducted a cross-sectional study using a self-administered questionnaire

Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate patients’ self-reported adherence to dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) and determine the factors associated with premature discontinuation of DAPT. Methods The cross-sectional interview-based study was conducted among adult outpatients who visited the outpatient department of King Khalid University Hospital, Cardiac Center in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, over

Background Worldwide, the prescribing pattern of the Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) has increased. They are considered highly effective medications in controlling various conditions including inflammatory diseases. They are associated with various adverse effects including gastrointestinal bleeding and ulcer and renal toxicity though. These adverse effects are generally potentiated when

Renin-angiotensin system exerted deleterious effects on learning and cognitive functions through different mechanisms. The present study has been designed to evaluate the protective effect of perindopril and azilsartan as monotherapy or in combination on aluminum chloride (AlCl3) induced neurobehavioral and pathological changes in Alzheimeric rats. Male Wistar rats were divided into nine groups (n

Obesity is a metabolic disease that affects all ages; it is considered life-threatening condition as it leads to fatal complications such as; cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. The therapeutic options include; life-style modifications, pharmacotherapy intervention, and surgical intervention. Bariatric surgery (BS) is considered as the most effective option among the others for its rapid weight loss

Recently, we have shown in vitro anti-hepatitis B virus (HBV) activity of G. senegalensis J.F. Gmel leaves, and Identified quercetin and other flavonoids by HPTLC. Here we report bioassay-directed fractionation of G. senegalensis leaves using column chromatography and isolation of two flavonoinds from the n-butanol fraction, their structure determination (1H NMR, 13C NMR and 2D-NMR) and assessment

Gefitinib is an effective treatment for patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer. However, it is associated with cardiotoxicity that can limit its clinical use. Liraglutide, a glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist, showed potent cardioprotective effects with the mechanism is yet to be elucidated. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the efficiency of liraglutide in protecting

Breast cancer is the most common cancer that majorly affects female. The present study is focused on exploring the potential anticancer activity of 2-((1, 2, 3, 4-Tetrahydroquinolin-1-yl) (4 methoxyphenyl) methyl) phenol (THMPP), against human breast cancer. The mechanism of action, activation of specific signaling pathways, structural activity relationship and drug-likeness properties of THMPP remains

Herein, we designed a novel gastroretentive drug delivery system as floating matrix tablets based on a polysaccharide material from linseeds (Linum usitatissimum L.) for fluoroquinolone antibiotics. A number of formulations were designed with a combination of linseed hydrogel (LSH) and different excipients to obtain a desired sustained release profile of moxifloxacin. The drug release study was performed

Essential oils from aerial parts of the herbs Peganum harmala and Nepeta cataria, and leaves of the tree Phellodendron amurense were analyzed by GC-FID and GC-MS, and their larvicidal activities were assayed on the early fourth instar larvae of Aedes aegypti. The major constituents of the oils were limonene (14.5%) and thymol (11.5%) in P. harmala, thymol (46.5%), 4aα,7α,7aβ-nepetalactone (18.3%) and

Introduction Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are one of key leading causes of mortality worldwide. Both modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors contribute to the development of CVD. Modifiable risk factors such as smoking, unhealthy diets and lack of exercise are increasing in prevalence in Saudi Arabia but may be mitigated using pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches. Thus, identifying

Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a broad-spectrum disorder, covering fatty liver, cirrhosis, alcoholic hepatitis and in extreme untreated condition hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) may also develop. Cladonia rangiferina (CR) is a class of lichen having a broad spectrum of pharmacological activity. It is used like traditional natural sources in ancient times in India, China, Sri Lanka, etc. Folkloric