Abstract An electronic cigarette is a rechargeable device that produces an inhaled aerosol containing varying levels of nicotine, and inorganic and organic toxicants and carcinogenic compounds. The aerosol is generated by heating a solution of propylene glycol and glycerin with nicotine and flavoring ingredients at a high temperature. The e-cigarette was developed and marketed as a safer alternative

Abstract Some implantable medical devices contain silver. We aimed to assess at what amount implanted silver becomes toxic. Silver was elevated in bodily fluids and tissues surrounding silver-containing implants. Silver released from implants also distributes to blood and other tissues; there is evidence to suggest silver can pass the blood-brain-barrier. Silver can be deposited as nano-sized particles

Abstract Acute toxicity of organophosphorus compounds is primarily caused by inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) at cholinergic synapses. The current study was designed to investigate the effects of paraoxon on histological changes as well as the role of mitochondrion-dependent apoptosis in causing this damage in the rat cerebellum. Adult male Wistar rats were intraperitoneally injected with

Abstract Virgin coconut oil (VCO), prepared from fresh coconut kernel without any chemical refining, is an emerging functional food. The pharmacological benefits of VCO are believed to be due to the natural combination of phenolics. Although cell culture studies have demonstrated the antioxidant activity of VCO under different oxidative stress conditions, a valid in vivo demonstration of the antioxidant

Abstract Fluorescent chemical sensors to detect materials, by increasing fluorescence emission and absorption or by shutting down, because they are nondestructive, the ability to show decomposed concentrations, fast response, high accuracy have been considered and used. In this research, a chemical sensor was synthesized PbS functionalized with gelatin quantum dots for the determination of toxic bentazon

Abstract Indomethacin is a widely used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug; however, its clinical utility is accompanied by serious adverse reactions including peptic ulcers. The current study aims to investigate the protective potential of perindopril against indomethacin-induced gastric injury in rats. Perindopril (4 mg/kg) was administered orally for 7 days and indomethacin (60 mg/kg, single oral

Abstract The leguminosae of Sophora moorcroftiana (Benth.) Benth.ex Baker is a drought-resistant endemic Sophora shrub species from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and its seeds have hepatoprotective effects. To study the effect of S. moorcroftiana seeds on liver injury and the molecular mechanism underlying the beneficial effects, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to detect the main active

Abstract In this study, we evaluated the in vitro effects of 1–50 μM zearalenone (ZEA), deoxynivalenol (DON) and T-2 toxin (T-2) on rabbit spermatozoa for as much as 8 h of in vitro exposure. Our results indicate that all sperm quality parameters were negatively affected by these fusariotoxins in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The most prominent structure affected by ZEA was the plasma membrane

Abstract Exposure to higher levels of arsenic is a serious threat affecting human health worldwide. We investigated the protective role of betaine (N,N,N-trimethylglycine) against sodium arsenite-induced renal dysfunction in rats. Sodium arsenite (5 mg/kg, oral) was given to rats for 4 weeks to induce nephrotoxicity. Betaine (125 and 250 mg/kg, oral) was administered in rats for 4 weeks along with

Abstract Tungsten (W) and its compounds have emerged as a relatively new area of environmental health concern in the last decade. Tungsten is environmentally benign due to its increasing use in armour-piercing munitions and as a replacement for lead in other ammunition. It has also been identified in various hazardous waste sites and therefore been proposed for inclusion in the Environmental Protection

Abstract Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases due to the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the midbrain in the substantia nigra. 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) is a neurotoxic agent causing disruptions in mitochondria of dopaminergic neurons leading to impaired oxidant-antioxidant balance. Both zebrafish and zebrafish embryos are sensitive

Abstract Abamectin, an avermectin member, can induce significant neurodegeneration symptoms in non-target organisms. However, its neurodevelopmental influences in mammals are unclear. Here, we focus on the antiapoptotic action of alpha-mangostin against the developmental neurotoxicity of abamectin with the possible involvement of reelin and nestin mRNA gene expression. Thirty–two pregnant rats were

Abstract The deficiency of essential minerals increases lead absorption and thus aggravates the lead-induced toxic effects. This study was aimed at understanding the ameliorative effect of essential minerals on lead-induced alterations in hematological parameters in rats. To achieve this objective, the study was conducted in 320 male Wistar albino rats, grouped into two, with equal numbers. One of

Abstract The interaction between neuroendocrine and immune components of the gut maintains the organism's physical and psychological health. Its disruption may reflect in disease conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and mental illness. The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) disrupts the endocrine-immune homeostasis resulting in gut toxicity. The Neurotensin receptor-1 (NTR-1) agonist PD 149163

Abstract Calliandra portoricensis (C. portoricensis) is used in herbal homes in Nigeria to manage breast diseases. We investigated the anti-tumourigenic effects of chloroform extract of C. portoricensis (CP) in breast experimental cancer induced by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (NMU) and benzo-(a)-pyrene (BaP). Fifty-six female rats were assigned into seven equal groups: Group 1 served as control, group 2

Abstract Curcumin (Cur) is a flavonoid derived from Curcuma longa L. that has been shown to have a variety of biological activities, but some previous studies have described its non-negligible negative effects on female reproduction and embryo development. To further explore the toxic stress effect, this study investigated apoptosis and autophagy of healthy buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) derived granulosa

Abstract The present study aimed to investigate the protective role of capsaicin in a rat model of 2,3,7,8-tetracholorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)-induced toxicity. Exposure to TCDD which is an environmental toxicant causes severe toxic effects in the animal and human tissues. Therefore, the potential protective effect of capsaicin in TCDD-induced organ damage was investigated in rats by measuring thiobarbituric

Abstract Benzene exposure results in bone marrow suppression, leading to a decrease in the number of circulating white blood cells, an increased risk of chronic lymphocytic leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia and aplastic anemia. Since the mechanism of induction of benzene toxicity is due to active metabolites through cytochrome p450 enzymes and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), we hypothesized

Abstract Prolonged seizures are a hallmark feature of intoxication with anticholinesterase nerve agents such as soman. While benzodiazepine drugs are typically used to control these seizures, studies in both rats and guinea pigs have shown that potent, centrally acting anticholinergic drugs such as scopolamine can also terminate such seizures. The present study was performed to determine if scopolamine

Abstract CYP2E1 plays a crucial role in the bio-activation of toxic substances leading to liver damage. In this context, CYP2E1 converts paracetamol (PCM) to N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI), which is prone to cause hepatotoxicity. Hence, we aimed to explore the protective effect of glabridin on widely used PCM-induced liver injury model in the present study and, after that, correlated with the

Abstract In the field of environmental toxicology, endocrine-disrupting effects have become a major concern. The present research set out to investigate the possible reproductive toxicity of acrylamide. The research was also expanded to explore the protective effects of two nutraceuticals, thymoquinone (TQ) and capsaicin, against acrylamide-induced reproductive toxicity. Six groups of sixty male albino

Abstract Quetiapine is one of the most commonly prescribed antipsychotics to treat schizophrenia in adults, in particular. In this study, quetiapine’s effects were assessed on healthy sperm production in rats at repeated-pharmacological doses. Additionally, the effects of quetiapine on oxidative status and hormonal balance were also evaluated in rats. Quetiapine was administered to rats orally at 10

Abstract Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been reported as stressors for the bivalves' immune system at different regulatory levels, impacting the detection step and receptors, and other mediators, as well as effector molecules. However, studies on how AgNPs impact the transmission of signals from receptors and whether they have an effect on mediators and transcription factors are still scarce. This

Abstract Drug-induced liver injury is a common cause of acute liver failure. Dapsone is increasingly used in combination with rifampicin for the treatment of leprosy and also for several dermatological disorders. Clinically, abnormal liver function and focal bile duct destruction were reported after dapsone therapy. Lagerstroemia speciosa Pers., commonly known as Banaba has been traditionally used

Abstract The study aims to identify the safety profile of a mixed extract (KGC-02-PS) from two traditional medicinal herbs, Puerariae radix and Hizikia fusiforme. In a subacute oral toxicity study, KGC-02-PS was administered orally for 28 days by gavage to Sprague Dawley rats (both sexes) at a daily dose of 0, 500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg body weight. Bodyweight, food consumption, and clinical signs were

Abstract Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most prevalent progressive neurodegenerative disease, characterized by loss of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra, with deficiency of dopamine in the striatum. Tramadol is safe analgesic but long-term use confirmed to elevate oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, in brain leads to motor deficits. l-Theanine is an active

Abstract Methamphetamine (METH) is a potent psychostimulant drug with an increasing rate of abuse over recent years. Depressive-like behaviors are one of the major symptoms patients in the METH withdrawal period experience. There is limited evidence regarding the METH withdrawal treatment, and conventional managements are not completely effective. Furthermore, extensive promising literature supports

Abstract Cardiovascular ailments result in a great rate of mortality all over the world. Myocardial infarction is a common presentation of cardiovascular disease. The current work aimed to investigate and compare the cardioprotective potentials of methanolic extracts from the aerial parts from Bauhinia purpurea and Bauhinia madagascariensis in adrenaline-induced cardiotoxicity in rats. The rats were

Abstract Water pipe smoking is highly prevalent in developing countries, especially in Eastern Mediterranean regions. Research finds that more than 100 million people smoke a water pipe. Furthermore, tobacco smoking is one of the leading behavioral factors related to an increased risk of cancer, a leading cause of death globally. We aim to introduce a novel filtration system for water-pipe smoking

Abstract Dichlorophene (DCP) is a halogenated phenolic compound, widely used as fungicide, bactericide and antiprotozoan and also exhibit therapeutic application in several pathological conditions. Taking account of broad use of DCP, its possible effect on spleen (an important immune organ) was investigated in this study. Male albino rats were treated with graded doses of DCP (10%, 20% and 30% of LD50)

Abstract Rhododendron honey (RH) is obtained from the rhododendron plants are grown in many regions around the world, causes poisoning in humans due to the grayanotoxin (GTX) compound in its structure. It is used by the public as a therapeutic for some diseases. It was aimed to study the genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of RH in mouse bone-marrow and sperm cells by using three mammalian bioassays. 25

Abstract Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine-disrupting chemical utilized in the manufacture of food packaging, dental materials, medical devices, children's toys, and baby products. Numerous studies have indicated the role of BPA in the etiology of many diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, obesity, cancer, and chemotherapeutic resistance. However, the effects of BPA- chemotherapeutic

Abstract Resveratrol is well known for its antioxidant potential and ability to preserve mitochondrial function, reported attenuating ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury in the heart. The present study investigates resveratrol on IR injury in rat hearts treated with statin for 14 days. Male Wistar rats were used in this study, and statin-induced cardiac metabolic alterations were monitored after the administration

Abstract As compared with cigarette smoking, use of Swedish snus is associated with significantly fewer health risks. Nicotine pouches (NPs), a new form of oral nicotine product, are smokeless and tobacco-free, comprising a nicotine-containing cellulose matrix inside a fiber pouch. NPs are similar in appearance/use to snus, but without tobacco, have the potential to further reduce tobacco-related harm

Abstract The various mediums of exposure to nickel (Ni) compounds have raised enormous public health concerns, as it has been illustrated to exert toxic effects in biological organs, including the brain. We have previously implicated the involvement of elevated nitric oxide (NO) in Ni-induced oxidative stress in the brain. Hence, the present study investigated the ameliorative potential of Nω-nitro-L-arginine

Abstract Butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and the chemically similar butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) are widely used as antioxidants. Toxicity of BHA and BHT has been reported under in vitro and in vivo experimental conditions. However, the mechanism of BHA-induced toxic effects in cells is unclear. In this study, the cytotoxic effects of BHA and differences in cell death mechanism for BHA and BHT were

Abstract Sold under the brand name of Garamycin, gentamicin (GM) is an antibiotic in the category of aminoglycoside, that although does have many antibacterial properties, owing to several side effects, its consumption is confined. The current study is aimed at gauging the protective influences of human umbilical cord blood serum (hUCBS) on nephrotoxicity which is induced by GM. In this regard, in

Abstract Arsenic exposure causes immense health distress by increasing risk of cardiovascular abnormalities, diabetes mellitus, neurotoxicity, and nephrotoxicity. The present study explored the role of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) inhibitors against sodium arsenite-induced renal and hepatic dysfunction in rats. Female Sprague Dawley rats were subjected to arsenic toxicity by administering

Abstract Fluoride is the most common cause of drinking water-associated toxicity and is known to induce various metabolic imbalances and dental/skeletal fluorosis. The present study analyzed the protective effect of Borassus flabellifer Linn. haustorium extract (BHE) against fluoride-induced intestinal redox metabolism and apoptosis. The total polyphenols and total flavonoids present in BHE were estimated

Abstract Statins are 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitor drugs that lead to serum-cholesterol-lowering effects. Rosuvastatin, a third-generation statin, has shown better results in reducing cholesterol concentrations when compared to other widely prescribed statins. Recent studies by our group reported that rosuvastatin impairs reproductive function in rats possibly by disrupting

Abstract The development of molecular nanostructures with well-defined particle size and shape is of eminent interest in biomedicine. Among many studied nanostructures, dendrimers represent the group of those most thoroughly characterized ones. Due to their unique structure and properties, dendrimers are very attractive for medical and pharmaceutical applications. Owing to the controllable cavities

Abstract The self-assembled-micelle inhibitory RNA-targeting amphiregulin (SAMiRNA-AREG) is a novel small-interfering RNA (siRNA) nanoparticle that is used for treatment of pulmonary fibrosis. We investigated the potential genotoxicity of SAMiRNA-AREG based on the guidelines published by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. In the bacterial reverse mutation assay (Ames test),

Abstract The U.S. Army and U. S. Army Public Health Center are dedicated to protecting the health, and readiness of Department of the Army Service Members, civilians, and contractors. Despite implementation of health programs, policies and tobacco control interventions, the advent of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), including electronic cigarettes (e-cigs), represent unregulated and poorly

Abstract Aim Although the most common age-related neurodegenerative disease defined by memory loss is Alzheimer's disease (AD), only symptomatic therapies are present. A complex pathway for the AD pathogenesis that includes an increase in inflammation has recently been suggested. Since in previous animal experiments dexpanthenol has anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective activities, effects and role

Abstract Insecticides have potential to non-target organisms, disrupting the healthy functioning of the aquatic environment as they are the ultimate receptor of the aquatic ecosystem. Insecticides, which are widely used in agriculture, have high neurotoxicity on aquatic organisms. In this study, the acute alterations [catalase (CAT), arylesterase (ARE), malondialdehyde (MDA), myeleperoxidase (MPO)

Abstract Poisoning is among the top three common causes of suicidal deaths in Iran. We aimed to evaluate the epidemiologic trend of poisoning and its mortality rate in the largest tertiary toxicology referral center in Iran between 2012 and 2018. A total of 84,242 patients were hospitalized or died due to poisoning in this center during the study period, of whom 2114 (2.5%) died. The most frequent

Abstract The medicinal properties of Cinnamon cassia (C. cassia) bark have been reported for their clinical importance for many diseases including diabetes. However, there is no clear evidence so far regarding dose selection for its hepato- and nephroprotective effect in diabetic condition. Hence, the present study aims at evaluating in vitro antioxidant activity, the acute toxicity, and dose fixation

Abstract This study sought to assess the protective effects of resveratrol and avocado oil in relation to paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. The rats were divided into five groups, namely the control, paracetamol (600 mg/kg), resveratrol (RES; 10 mg/kg) + paracetamol, avocado oil (AVO; 200 mg/kg) + paracetamol, and RES + AVO + paracetamol groups. The hepatoprotective activity was evaluated

Abstract Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a serious and common in the world health problem that leads to different complications. Changes in oxidative stress and antioxidant capacity play an important role in the pathogenesis of DM. The purpose of this study was to investigate ellagic acid (EA) treatment in diabetes induced testicular damage. In our study, 24 male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into four

Abstract Carboplatin is amongst the most commonly used anticancer drugs for the management of several human malignancies. However, it has displayed genotoxic properties against normal cells. Evaluation of natural products for their protective effects against chemotherapeutic drug induced toxicity has been growing in recent years. A naturally occurring flavonoid, chrysin, has strong antioxidant abilities

Abstract Rabeprazole sodium is a widely used drug for gastrointestinal disorders. Several analytical methods for identifying rabeprazole sodium and its impurities have been reported. However, the genotoxicity of rabeprazole sodium and its impurities is still unclear. Thus, it is necessary to develop analytical methods that can identify the structures of its impurities and evaluate their genotoxicity

Abstract Lasianthera africana P. Beauv. (Icacinaceae) is a good source of natural antioxidants, having the potential to protect against oxidative stress-related diseases and complications. This study investigated the antioxidant, hepatoprotective and curative effects of flavonoid-rich fraction of L. africana leaves (LAFRF) against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in Wistar rats. Phytochemical

Abstract Cancer is an uncontrolled growth of normal cells and apoptosis has an important role in cancer progression and cancer treatment. Antiapoptotic proteins are overexpressed in several tumors including breast, brain, lung cancer cells. The protein-ligand interaction has a critical role in drug designing. The present study aims to evaluate the interaction of synthesized N-cyclohexylmethacrylamide

Abstract Here, we studied the protective effect of gallic acid (GAL) as a potent anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory agent against damage caused by busulfan (BUS) in the testes of adult rats. The adult Wistar rats were assigned as control, BUS: was intraperitoneally (i.p.) treated with busulfan (15 mg/kg, day 7 and 14), GAL + BUS: was co-treated with busulfan (i.p., 15 mg/kg, day 7 and 14) and orally

Abstract The low Sulfur level, heavy metals and easy production rate of Bonny Light Crude Oil (BLCO) makes it one of Nigeria’s most explored oil. This study investigated the memory impairments, embryotoxicity and cortico-hippocampal neurodegeneration induced by prenatal exposure to BLCO of pregnant Sprague-Dawley (S-D) rats. Twenty pregnant rats were divided into 4 groups (A-D) of 5 rats each. Group

Abstract In the present study, we assessed the therapeutic potential of Biochanin-A (BCA) (10 mg/kg BW/day) pretreatment for 30 days on lipid metabolic abnormalities, proinflammatory cytokines and matrix metalloproteinase expression in isoproterenol (ISO)-induced myocardial infarction (MI) in rats. We measured the potential role of BCA on tissue and circulatory lipid profiles as well as on lipid metabolic

Abstract Synthetic pyrethroids are a group of insecticides frequently used in public health and agriculture, and 3-PBA is a common metabolite of them. Although the liver is the primary organ responsible for metabolizing many compounds including pesticides, to the authors’ knowledge there have been no studies on the direct hepatotoxic effects of 3-PBA. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the

Abstract The gentamicin renal toxicity has been the focal point for much discussion. The objective of this study was to investigate the impacts of Origanum vulgare L. extract and vitamin C on gentamicin dose-dependent toxicity in rats’ kidney. The present study was conducted on 60 male Wistar rats divided into ten experimental groups: control (untreated), G1, G2, G3 (100, 200, 300 mg/kg gentamicin)

Abstract In vivo treatment of hydrophobic substances requires the use of organic solvents, which are often toxic. Consequently, polyethylene glycols (PEGs), which are considered as nontoxic, have been widely used for many years in chemistry and biology. We used PEG 200, which was administrated by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection once a week to mice. After 4 months of injections, at the dose of 1.67 mL/kg

Abstract This study aimed to investigate the potential hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxic, and hematotoxic effects of simultaneous occupational low-level exposure of shoe workers to a mixture of organic solvents. The study included 16 male and 55 female workers and non-exposed subjects (n = 60) in the control group. Along with a standard sets of hematological, liver enzymes (aspartate aminotransferase (AST)