Nanostructured tin oxide has drawn extensive attention from researchers as a semiconductor, owing to its unique physicochemical properties. In this study, a mixed-valence tin oxide, hierarchical flower-like Sn 3 O 4 self-assembled with numerous nanosheets was successfully synthesized using a simple hydrothermal process. The structure, morphology, and specific surface area were characterized using X-ray

Tuberculosis remains a major global health concern, especially in the developing world, and monitoring/early detection of the disease relies on low cost technologies that provide rapid and accurate results. Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the responsible bacterial pathogen and it is currently estimated by the World Health Organisation (WHO), that one quarter of the world's population, mainly in the developing

Sm and Ti co-doped ceria-based mixed ion-electronic conductor with the compositions of Sm 0.2 Ce 0.8−x Ti x O 2− δ (x = 0–0.15) are prepared by a gel-casting process. The effects of addition of Ti on the phase compositions, the sintering behavior, and the electrochemical properties of sample are investigated. The article tentatively discusses the relation of conductivity with Po 2 by defect principles

Graphene nanoribbon Field Effect Transistor (GNRFET) as a recently introduced interesting candidate has gotten a great deal of interest in many device fields. The paper has suggested a novel configuration in the case of only single gate on the top channel. The GNR is deposited on SiO 2 considered as the thick buried oxide instead of SiC material in the single gate conventional GNRFET. This reformation

In organic-inorganic perovskites currently widely used to fabricate high-efficiency solar cells the electrical properties are to a large extent determined by the presence of mobile ions. These mobile ions are commonly held responsible for many undesirable features of perovskite solar cells, such as hysteretic behavior of electrical properties and degradation of parameters during operation. Hence, developing

We investigated the electrical property of reflective non-alloyed Rh contacts to p- Al 0.45 Ga 0.55 N contact layers and the performance of 278 nm flip-chip (FC) LEDs with the Rh and Ni/Au contacts as a function of Mg concentration. The three contact layers contained Mg concentration of 5.7 × 10 19 cm −3 (sample A), 1.0 × 10 20 cm −3 (sample B), and 1.4 × 10 20 cm −3 (sample C). The Rh contacts to

Chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) is a common method for planarization/polishing materials during integrated circuits (IC) fabrication. Pad conditioning is a critical component of a CMP process. Herein, the impact of surface textures created by different types of pad conditioners (PC) such as coarse, mid-coarse, and fine PC on the solid pads are studied. Additional surface texture parameters such

We report a novel anode electrocatalyst for microbial fuel cells (MFCs). Mesoporous tungsten trioxide (m-WO 3 ) was synthesized from mesoporous silica template and mixed with carbon nanotubes (CNTs), resulting in electrocatalyst CNTs/m-WO 3 . The introduction of CNTs not only enhances the electronic conductivity but also yields a delocalization of m-WO 3 , which enhances the conjugated interaction

Pad conditioning (PC) is one of the key aspects of a chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) process. PC is known to impact the material removal rates (MRR), within-wafer non-uniformity (WIWNU) of material removal rates, planarization, defects, and the overall cost of ownership of the CMP process. Herein, changes in the aggressiveness of a pad conditioning disk with usage and exposure to the slurry are

We present fabrication and characterization soft tactile sensors composed of ion gel channel and elastomer (ion gel/elastomer sensors) and compared the sensing properties of the ion gel/elastomer sensors with ionic liquid/elastomer sensors. We have studied the relationship between the impedance and current frequency for the sensors. The impedance of the conductive channels surrounded by the elastomer

Due to its exceptional mechanical properties, graphene can be an ideal support for nanotransfer printing. However, in its as-received state, it is incompatible with some processes for preparing 2D arrays of colloidal nanoparticles from reverse micelle templating. By treating CVD graphene with low temperature annealing, we have created a universal carrier to transfer such nanoparticles onto organic

A 5,15- bis (1,1'-biphenyl)porphyrin-based macrocyclic receptor with a well-defined cavity is suitable for coordination of Ru(II) ions with carbonyl axial ligands. Axial ligand substitution reaction using diphenyldiazomethane as reactant affords a macrocyclic Ru(II)porphyrinate with a diphenylcarbene moiety that functions as an excellent endotopic catalysts for the dimerization reaction of ethyldiazoacetate

The reliability of two novel cortisol sensors was evaluated by detecting variations in salivary cortisol levels of college students. The diurnal salivary cortisol fluctuations in 50 college students were monitored, and the sensor results were compared with commercial immunoassays. The chemical sensors were prepared using two different methodologies; electrodeposition and cold atmospheric plasma deposition

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Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs) were used as a support of amperometric enzymatic biosensors of guaiacol. The structural quality of MWCNTs was determined for Raman Spectra and DRX analysis. MWCNTs were decorated with iron oxide nanoparticles (36 w/w%), which were observed by FE-SEM, and were confirmed by with EDX, and TGA analysis. Laccase enzyme (aspergillus sp.) was immobilized on the surface

Transition metal doping has been used as a common approach for tuning the bandgap energy of zinc oxide (ZnO) based materials. In this work, manganese-doped ZnO (ZnMnO) thin films were grown using the atomic layer deposition (ALD) and used to study the effect of manganese incorporation in ZnO films. The effect of digital alloying on reducing the absorption edge of the ZnMnO thin films is studied by

We report ab initio density functional theory calculations for the metal-free phthalocyanine (H 2 Pc) and zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc) molecules adsorbed on rutile titania TiO 2 (110) stoichiometric and reduced surface. The hybrid nanostructures that combine titania surfaces with organic molecules help to improve the applications for both the titania surface and the organic molecule. We determine the

In order to investigate the ligand to metal charge transfer (LMCT) energies of Eu 3+ in Y 2 O 3 and Y 2 O 2 S, we performed first-principles calculations using ##IMG## [http://ej.iop.org/images/2162-8777/9/6/066005/jssaba765ieqn1.gif] {${{\mathrm{EuO}}_{6}}^{9-}$} and ##IMG## [http://ej.iop.org/images/2162-8777/9/6/066005/jssaba765ieqn2.gif] {${{\mathrm{EuY}}_{12}{{\rm{O}}}_{6}}^{27+}$} clusters for

In this paper, a spongy micro-nanostructure with large surface area was prepared on Ti surface by the combination of two electrochemical methods, micro-arc oxidation (MAO) and anodic oxidation (ANO). ANO treatment superimposed nanotublar structure on the micro-structured surface induced by MAO treatment, and during the formation of the micro-nanostructure, acid etching had important role. Compared

β -Ga 2 O 3 thin films was grown on cost-effective p-Si(100) substrate by sputtering technique. The evolution of crystalline structure with growth parameters revealed that the gallium oxide thin film grown on the high-temperature seed layer and various optimised growth parameters like sputtering power, deposition pressure and pre-substrate annealing has been proved extremely beneficial in exhibiting

This work employs the molecular dynamics approach to investigate effects of folding on thermal conductivity of graphene that contains 86 × 60 atoms, to provide the phononics understanding for thermal conductance modulator devices constituted by the folded graphene. The spectral energy density method is utilized to perform phononics analyses. It is found that the folding significantly reduces the contribution

In this paper, we investigated the superiotires of carbon-based nanomaterial polymer inclusion membrane (PIM-GO) against to polymer inclusion membrane and removed Cr(VI), a highly toxic element typically used in chromate conversion coating in the plating industry, from the chrome plating water by using a PIM-GO modified with graphene oxide (GO), which strengthens the mechanical structure and permeability

In this research, we combined printed electrodes and a flexible substrate to develop a low-cost, resistive, gas sensor with small energy consumption. The ability to measure a gas is derived from an analysis of the resistance change resulting from gas molecules adsorbed by a polymer. With the sensor array coated with various polymers, we can identify the gas type and its concentration. Eight combinations

This work concerns an ultraviolet-A (UV-A) and UV-B emitting radiation unit. To this end, UV-A emitting light emitting diodes (LEDs) were combined with a Lu 3 Al 5 O 12 :Gd 3+ (LuAG:Gd) coated Xe excimer discharge lamp. Prior to the application, the single-phase phosphor was optimized w.r.t particle size distribution and reflection spectrum before the photoluminescence properties were recorded. It

A room-temperature two-step cost-effective electrochemical technology is proposed for the preparation of free-standing Au nanomembranes. A thin Au film with the thickness less than 100 nm was deposited by pulsed electroplating on a GaAs substrate in the first step, while electrochemical etching was applied in the second technological step to introduce porosity into the GaAs substrate underneath the

In recent years, MgO–ZrO 2 composite material plays a significant role in dielectric properties for the use of capacitors and it has been considered as alternative to the conventionally used SiO 2 due to its advantages in ceramic applications. Under consideration, a series of Dy 3+ ions doped MgO–ZrO 2 have been synthesised by solution combustion method and dielectric measurements were carried out

In this paper, asymmetric interdigital Ti and Au electrodes have been successfully patterned on the β -Ga 2 O 3 films which are prepared by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition. Both photoconductive and photovoltaic modes have been observed under ultraviolet illumination, respectively. The device exhibits a low current density of 0.32 nA cm −2 at 20 V in dark condition. As the 254 nm illumination

The large bandgap (∼4.8 eV), high critical field strength (∼8 MV cm −1 ) and high saturation velocity (∼2e7 cm s −1 ) are the key enabling material parameters of gallium oxide (GO) which allows it for designing high power radio frequency (RF) MOSFET. In MOS device-based applications, these material parameters combined with large area native substrates and ion-implantation technology results in exceptionally

An automated protein purification approach was developed on a centrifugal platform. The major fluidic functions include sequential reagent addition, drainage, and manipulation of magnetic beads. The sequential reagent addition is performed by an Euler-force-induced decanting approach and the reagent drainage is conducted through a siphoning method. A magnetic module was designed to maintain the magnetic

In this paper we review a procedure to evaluate the performance of typical analog circuits based on CNTFET, both in SPICE, using ABM library, and in Verilog-A, using a semi-empirical compact model for CNTFETs already proposed by us. The obtained results, with reference to a design of a phase shift oscillator, are the same in static simulations and comparable in dynamic simulations. However using Verilog-A

We report on the structural and electrochemical properties of a heterogeneous-homogeneous assembly composed of molecular cobaloxime catalysts immobilized onto graphite electrodes via an intervening polyvinylpyridine surface coating. When these modified electrodes are immersed in an organic solvent (propylene carbonate containing 0.1 M tetrabutylammonium perchlorate as a supporting electrolyte) or basic

Electrochromic (EC) device has been widely used many applications and TiO 2 is a popular electrode material. Graphene doping affects Li + ion intercalation/deintercalation mechanism in positive way for energy storage devices. So high performance devices can be manufactured by doping graphene. In this study, graphene doped TiO 2 layers have been deposited by thermionic vacuum arc system. According to

The 3 d 3 -configuration transition metal ions like Mn 4+ and Cr 3+ are very important activator ions for the realization of warm white-LED lighting and indoor plant cultivation applications using an UV/blue-chip InGaN device. The Racah parameters in conjunction with the Tanabe−Sugano energy-level diagram are widely used as a means of describing the effects of electron−electron repulsion within the

In this study, key process technologies, such as epitaxy growth, fin structure etching, and selective etching of stacked Si/SiGe multilayer for the fabrication of double Si 0.7 Ge 0.3 channel nanowires under a reasonable thermal budget are systematically investigated. A high crystal quality two-period Si 0.7 Ge 0.3 /Si stacked multilayer epitaxially grown with thin and distinct interfaces is first

We have revisited the theory of radiative and nonradiative transitions using the crude adiabatic approximation and methods of quantum electrodynamics in order to calculate the transition rates for these processes. All the integrals involving vibrational wave functions have been calculated analytically using Laguerre functions. It has been argued that the radiative transitions will be mediated by the

In this study, amine functional reduced graphene oxide (rGO-fNH2) and modified membrane was synthesized in an attempt to provide a thermal and mechanical contribution to their present performances by achieving more productive and stable membranes with the improvement of the membrane systems. So, the transport of the metal cation Cr(VI) was realized. The productivity of the membrane was increased by

We investigated the effect of selective coating of white silicone on the output and thermal performance of white LED packages for middle power lighting application. The LED package, where a Zener diode part was coated by TiO 2 particles-mixed white silicone, exhibited lower surface temperature and heat flux than those with the uncoated Zener diode. The white silicone-coated packages resulted in lower

In this paper, Ga 2 O 3 films were grown on m-sapphire substances at different temperatures of 600 °C, 700 °C and 800 °C by low pressure MOCVD. By changing the temperature, the crystal phase change of the Ga 2 O 3 thin films grown on the m-sapphire substrates were studied. The effects of temperature on structural characteristics, surface morphology and optical properties of the films were studied systematically

In tungsten(W)-film chemical-mechanical-planarization(CMP), Fenton reaction between ferric-based-catalyst and oxidant hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) enhances the chemical-oxidation degree of the W-film surface and degrades the abrasive stability of a W-film CMP-slurry as a trade-off effect. The addition of a scavenger (i.e., trilithium citrate tetrahydrate: TCT–Li) in the W-film CMP-slurry improved significantly

A comprehensive study of the band alignments of Ti x Al 1−x O y (with x = 9%, 16%, 25%, 36%, 100%) and Ga x Al 1−x O y (x = 5%, 20%, 80% and 95%) fabricated using atomic layer deposition on GaN has been presented using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometry. The permittivity, k, has been found to be enhanced from ∼10 for 9% Ti in Ti x Al 1−x O y to 76 for TiO

Recent results demonstrate the potential of thiol-amine binary solvents to prepare highly efficient thin-film chalcopyrite photovoltaic devices. The power of these solvent mixtures lies in their ability to dissolve a large variety of metal and metal chalcogenide precursors and their ease of application in low-temperature solution-based deposition techniques. This review recounts the early reports that

Microalgae present a massive and untapped natural source of biomass for various applications. The fresh-water microalgae biomass was collected from Lake Uluabat in Turkey. Diatoms, which contain large amounts of SiO 2 in the form of cell walls, constituted 60%wt. of the biomass. SiO 2 /N-doped carbon nanocomposite ( SiO 2 /NC ) was obtained by an efficient MgO templating of the biomass conducted through

Schottky Barrier Height, SBH, controls the current flow into electronic and photoelectronic devices based on hetero-junctions. The SBH predicted via the conventional method is sensitive to temperature by forward current-voltage-temperature, I-V-T. This poses some problems in applications of a hetero-junction device. Therefore, one looks for a technique to extract intrinsic SBH of each new hetero-junction

The influence of morphology on the photoconductive properties of binary ionic porphyrin assemblies is examined. Micro-to millimeter sized crystalline rods and complex hyperbranched structures, or sheaves, were grown in a controlled manner by combining stoichiometric amounts of meso-tetra(4-aminophenyl)porphyrin, H 2 [H 2 TAPP] 2+ , and meso-tetra(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin, [H 4 TSPP] 2− , metal-free

Stability and spectra of rotamers of a previously via Prato reaction prepared conjugate of dimetallofullerene La 2 @C 80 and dodecafluoro-subphthalocyanine with summary formula C 113 H 10 BF 12 La 2 N 7 O and bridging over the cage C–C bond between five- and six-membered rings are calculated. The inter-rotameric energetics is evaluated at the M06-2X/6-311G* ∼ SDD level while the entropy term with the

In reactive ion etching process, generation of particles and deterioration in process reproducibility due to high aspect ratio processing have become problems. In this study, YF 3 coating was investigated using collision assisted sintering process (CASP) technique to reduce particles and improve process reproducibility. It was clarified that the CASP had possibility of a high-density coating with fewer

AlGaN polarization doped field effect transistors (POLFETs) were irradiated with neutrons at an average energy of 4.5 MeV and doses of 5 × 10 10 n/cm −2 and 5 × 10 11 n/cm −2 . Only 1% and 3% reduction in DC current was noted at these fluences, respectively. Drain and gate leakage current was only found to have degraded at 5 × 10 11 n/cm −2 , lower fluences producing nominal changes. 100 kHz operation

To realize next generation electronics, liquid phase crystallization of germanium based materials on quartz substrates is investigated by continuous wave laser annealing system which enables microsecond annealing. As a result, large grain polycrystalline germanium thin film with ∼0.6% tensile strain has successfully grown on quartz substrates. Moreover, we have applied this method on germanium-tin

Electrocatalytic and photocatalytic materials for energy and sensor applications are among the most relevant ones to overcome the challenges for a sustainable society. In this context, metalloporphyrins and transition metal complexes are known to exhibit interesting complimentary properties that can be combined to provide synergic effects, which was achieved in what so called tetraruthenated porphyrins

The low thermal conductivity and the absence of effective acceptors limit the potential utility of β -Ga 2 O 3 electronics. Herein, to generate an n-channel β -Ga 2 O 3 heterojunction field-effect transistor (FET) with efficient thermal management, n-type β -Ga 2 O 3 as a channel layer was integrated with p-type 4H-SiC as both a gate and a thermal drain via van der Waals interaction. The n-p β -Ga

Here, commercial Pt/C catalyst was modified with graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) to construct electrochemical acetaminophen (APAP) sensors with high sensitivity and wide linear range. Physical mixture of Pt/C and GNPs with various contents were used to prepare ink formulations for the construction of electrochemical APAP sensors. The carbon content was kept constant to show the effect of GNPs content

In InGaN-based light-emitting diodes, efficiency droop at high current density degrades device performance. Different strategies have been proposed by researchers to enhance the performance of InGaN-based light-emitting diodes numerically. We present a survey of the notable reported efficient simulated device structures, to date. We also discuss the simulation methodology employed in the state-of-the-art

Sapphire with different crystal planes is widely used in light-emitting diode (LED), silicon on sapphire (SOS) IC chips, hybrid microelectronic applications, and other high-tech fields. Chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) technology is widely applied to obtain super-smooth and non-damaged wafer surface on the sapphire wafer. Due to its higher hardness and brittleness, sapphire CMP processing is difficult

We evaluated the effect of the proton irradiation energy on the DC characteristics of AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs). Devices were exposed to various irradiation energies, i.e., 0.5 MeV, 5 MeV, and 60 MeV, respectively, with a fluence of 1 × 10 14 p cm −2 at room temperature. The 0.5 MeV-irradiated HEMT shows the largest degradation of transfer characteristics than other HEMTs

Different cobalt surfaces (as-received, metallic, and oxidized Co) were characterized by contact angle measurements, FTIR (Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy), XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) and EIS (electrochemical impedance spectroscopy) to investigate the interaction of these surfaces with benzotriazole (BTA). A new sequential EIS technique was used to study the inhibition capabilities

–Amorphous europium-doped tin oxide ( a- SnEuO) thin film transistors (TFTs) with a wide bandgap of 3.87 eV were prepared by sol-gel method. The results indicate that as Eu content increases, the off-state current of the a- SnEuO TFTs decreases, the threshold voltage (V th ) shifts in the positive direction and the subthreshold swing ( S.S. ) is also improved. When Eu content is 30 at%, the mobility

Flexible nanodielectric are largely used in sensors and power sources for new generation of electronic devices. The most conventional methods used to design and manufacture these nanodielectric materials with desired properties are time-consuming and unable to determine interactions between the input parameters. In this study, a response surface methodology (RSM) is proposed to design polyvinylidene

One-compartment hydrogen peroxide fuel cells with Co, Cu, and Fe phthalocyanine (PC) and iron nitride (Fe x N) as cathodes and Ni anode have been investigated as sustainable energy sources. The cells were operated under acidic conditions and at room temperature. The potentials for onset of the catalytic currents in these cells were determined via cyclic voltammograms. The reduction current onset potentials

Low power consuming biomimetic neurons are considered for use in analyzing electrophysiological data. Starting with a circuit model of a Morris-Lecar inspired spiking neuron, we first investigate the dynamic properties. We demonstrate some of its neuro-computational features including type I and type II excitability, tonic and phasic spiking, spike latency and integration. Electroencephalogram (EEG)

An electropolymerizable zinc porphyrin carrying eight entities of peripheral bithiophene, 4 was newly designed and synthesized. In this design, the bithiophene entities were separated by a biphenyl spacer to minimize ground state interactions perturbing porphyrin π -electronic structure. By multi-cyclic voltammetry, thin-films of 4 were formed on transparent FTO electrode and were characterized by