Zinc oxide (ZnO) was synthesized by chemical bath deposition (CBD) technique at room temperature. The species distribution diagrams, and the solubility curves were used for determining the better chemical conditions required to evaluate the ammonia role for obtaining high quality ZnO films. ZnSO 4 , NH 4 NO 3 , and KOH were the chemical reagents used for the bath. Three different pH zones between 9

Nanotechnologies have become one of the primary directions in the development of biosensing technologies. These nano-enhanced biosensors can achieve a lower limit of detection and better sensing characteristics than traditional sensors can. Within these biosensing technologies, impedimetric biosensors, which have been developed for decades in sensing technologies, have obtained great progress with

The deposition rate of silicon carbide (SiC) in chemical vapor deposition (CVD) can be boosted by addition of chlorine. This has been explored and applied for hard coatings and electronic grade SiC. We briefly summarize the recent research done in the field of SiC CVD and discuss the understanding of the CVD chemistry with addition of halides. We seek to improve a previous statement that SiCl 2 is

The chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) of ruthenium barrier layer of copper interconnection for 14 nm and below technology node has been connected with more challenges, among which the corrosion of copper and ruthenium and the selectivity of removal rate between ruthenium and copper has attracted more attention. This paper mainly focus on the influence of 5-methyl-1H-benzotriazole(MBTA) and sodium

A novel electrocatalyst, PtNi-graphene/carbon dots/graphene (PtNi/GCG), for methanol oxidation was prepared onto the glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The GCG hybrid nanocarbon support with sandwich-structure was dried onto GCE surface. Then, PtNi bimetallic nanoparticles were modified loaded on the GCG hybrid nanocarbon support via electrodeposition to obtain PtNi/GCG electrocatalyst. The as-prepared

Diazinon [O,O-diethyl O-(2-isopropyl-6-methylpyrimidin4-yl) thiophosphate] (DIA) is a significant organophosphorus insecticide in agricultural applications. Thus, sensitive analytical methods development is important for a healthy lifestyle. In this work, the electrochemical detection of DIA molecule in fruit juice samples by using gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) incorporated polyoxometalate (POM)/two-dimensional

Beta-cyclodextrin was used as structure directing agent for the formation of a novel small, uniform platinum nanoparticles. The resultant platinum nanoparticles were supported over multi-walled carbon nanotubes (PtMWCNTs) and used as catalyst for hydrogen generation. The resultant composite was characterized via X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron

Improved electrical and deep-UV sensing characteristics of Al 2 O 3 -dielectric Al 0.75 Ga 0.25 N/n-Al x Ga 1−x N/Al 0.75 Ga 0.25 N/AlN metal-oxide-semiconductor hetero-structure field-effect transistors (MOS-HFETs), grown on a SiC substrate, with an AlGaN ultra-widegap channel design are investigated. 30 nm thick high-k Al 2 O 3 was deposited as both the gate oxide and surface passivation layer by

A green technique was investigated to regenerate the spent activated carbon (AC) by combining AC and carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4 ) under visible light irradiation in this study. The AC/g-C 3 N 4 composites were synthesized by the simple calcination process and they had in situ photocatalytic regeneration capacity because of their adsorption-photocatalytic performance. The as-prepared composites were

Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and chemical-mechanical planarization (CMP) of tungsten have been the enabling process technologies for semiconductor manufacturing. Despite the long history and relative maturity, however, their combined effects on the electrical performance and topographic variation of W metallization are scarcely reported in the open literature. A previous work on Cu plating demonstrates

Temperature dependencies of both harmonic (including contributions from the "flexural" modes) and anharmonic components of the isobaric lattice thermal capacity of square flakes of graphene, hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) as well as of those of disulphides of molybdenum (MoS 2 ) and tungsten (WS 2 ) are simulated based on the many-body formalism denoted formerly as the "Generalized Skettrup Model"

Shallow trench isolation (STI) chemical mechanical planarization (CMP) will continue to be a critical step in the device fabrication of future technology nodes. A CMP process needs the right combination of pad, slurry, and pad conditioner to be able to deliver the best performance. Engineered pad surface along with usage of non-Prestonian ceria slurries can be used to solve key STI CMP challenges.

In this study, the β -PbO 2 active layer was deposited on the surface of the carbon fiber cloth by electrodeposition. The CF/ β -PbO 2 electrode was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), anodic polarization curves, Tafel curves, and a four-probe method. It was found that a uniform and flattened dense β -PbO 2 active layer is obtained when the concentration of Pb(NO 3 ) 2 is 150 g l −1

Graphene is a thin layer carbon material that has become a hot topic of research during this decade due to its excellent thermal conductivity, mechanical strength, current density, electron mobility and surface area. These extraordinary properties make graphene to be developed and applied in various fields. On this basis, researchers are interested to find out the methods to produce high quality graphene

The Tunneling Carbon Nanotube FET (T-CNTFET) is one of the most promising alternatives to the conventional MOSFET. However, T-CNTFET suffers mainly from low ON-current. In this paper, we propose a modified hetero-dielectric T-CNTFET in which a dielectric pocket is inserted near the source-channel interface. The impact of the length of the dielectric pocket and its shift from source/channel barrier

In this work, the synthesis of cobalt Schiff base complex embedded SBA-15 and simultaneous determination of ascorbic acid (ASA), paracetamol (PAR), caffeine (CAF) by square anodic stripping voltammetry (SqW-ASV) are performed. The cobalt Schiff base complex has been derived from salicylaldehyde, 3(-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane, and cobalt acetate. Cobalt Schiff base complex embedded SBA-15 materials

The critical stress behavior of low-oxygen-concentration silicon wafers was elucidated by measuring the critical stress of slip generated owing to scratches using the high-temperature three-point bending test method. It is well known that floating zone (FZ) wafers with low oxygen concentrations tend to easily cause slips from dislocation sources such as scratches. The first point observed in the study

4H-SiC is a promising next-generation semiconductor, though its high-quality surface is difficult to achieve at high efficiency. In this research, two kinds of polystyrene (PS)/CeO 2 core/shell abrasives have been developed for formulating polishing slurry and employed in electrochemical mechanical polishing (ECMP) of 4H-SiC. The abrasives were synthesized by an in situ chemical precipitation process

The spinels chalcogenide are emerging materials for solar cells and other renewable energy applications. we have elaborated the electronic and optical properties of ZnY 2 (S/Se) 4 by modified Becke and Johnson potential. The computed band gaps 1.66 eV and 1.10 eV correspond to visible region which increase their significance for solar cells. The optical properties are elaborated by dielectric constants

Manganese spatial distribution in ZnO:Mn ceramics (0.1–5 at.% Mn) sintered at 1100 °C in air has been investigated using Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), micro-Raman and Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The Raman and EPR spectra show that concentration of Mn incorporated in ZnO grains decreases from the surface of ceramic sample to its depth. Mn distribution in ZnO grains is also inhomogeneous

This novel research, aimed to improve the properties of Na-bentonite water based drilling mud (WBDM) and reduce its cost by adding multi-walled carbon nanotubes functionalized with copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs/MWCNTs). For this purpose, fistly, copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were synthesized separately, then MWCNTs were functionalized with CuONPs

To detect COVID-19, the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is usually used but there is a number of faulty tests or an inexact diagnostic, especially in the primordial period of infection. In this regard, the optical response of hybrid quantum dots (QDs): L-serine is presented for the first time as a new and rapid method of detection. QDs were further conjugated with anti-infectious

The growth of two-dimensional layered chalcogenides on two- or three-dimensional substrates, named (quasi) van der Waals epitaxy, has been pioneered by the group of A. Koma at Tokyo University in 1985. The passive nature of the van der Waals surface is important in energy converting interfaces as solar cells and photoelectrochemical cells. For those reasons the two-dimensional materials have intensively

Gd 2 O 2 S: Er 3+ , Yb 3+ up-conversion phosphor was prepared by the high-temperature solid-state reaction method. The optimum multi-wavelength sensitive formulation and calcining conditions were optimized by the orthogonal experiments. The crystal structure, phase composition and luminescence characteristics of the samples were studied by means of XRD, UC luminescence spectra and decay curves, respectively

In this study, the effect of viscosity on ceria abrasive removal during the buff clean process was investigated. First, a numerical simulation was performed to observe the shear stress on the wafer. The shear stress increased as the viscosity increased. These results imply that the viscosity increases the drag force acting on the abrasives, which can improve abrasive removal. Based on the results of

Plasmonic Ag nanoparticles have strong spectral absorption in ultraviolet and visible light due to unique localized surface plasmon resonance effects. Meanwhile, nitrogen-doped graphene (NG) incorporates nitrogen (N) atoms into graphene lattice through a hydrothermal process, thereby providing active oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) sites. Herein, N-doped graphene decorated with plasmonic Ag nanoparticles

Stability of Polymer Tantalum capacitors with pre-polymerized PEDOT (slurry PEDOT) cathodes were investigated under different environmental conditions. Capacitance dependence on temperature, frequency, and dc bias voltage were investigated in humid and dry capacitors with different dielectric thicknesses. Electrical measurements and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to characterize the capacitors

Two-dimensional Boron Carbon Nitride (BCN) is a complex ternary system that has recently attracted great attention due to its ability to be tuned over a range of chemical, optical and electrical properties. In the last decade, BCN structures have been extensively researched for many energy-related applications, from supercapacitors and lithium ion batteries to electrocatalysts and sensors. However

We demonstrate magnesium zinc oxide nanostructure (MZO nano ) modified multifunctional devices for the full-scale dynamic monitoring of Pseudomonas aeruginosa ( P. aeruginosa ) biofilm formation: the dual-gate thin film transistor (DGTFT) as an electrical sensor for early stage detection and the quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) as an acoustic sensor for long-term monitoring. The sensing surfaces of

Drilling fluid is an essential element of the drilling operations and has many functions. Some of these are wellbore cleaning, checking high formation pressures and corrosion protection, etc. This study aimed to determine the effects of multi-walled carbon nanotubes containing silisyum dioxide nanoparticles (SiO 2 NPsMWCNTs) were investigated on the rheological and filtration loss properties of Na-Bentonite

Plasma activated bonding is recognized as a promising wafer direct bonding method, due to its low-temperature process, low-cost in equipment, and environmental-friendly procedure. However, the etching process through high-energy species in plasma will inevitably damage the smooth surfaces, thus causing the defects on the bonding interfaces. In this paper, we study the effects of oxygen plasma activation

We fabricated metallic granular metacomposites by low-temperature pressureless sintering. A percolation behavior appears, corresponding to the observation of metal-like conductivity and epsilon-negative. Weakly epsilon-negative property is achieved in 70 wt% FeCrNi/CaCu 3 Ti 4 O 12 metacomposites, showing small absolute value of epsilon between 0 and −150. The epsilon-negative property is tuned by

Being an economical, simple, user-friendly on-field screening platform, microfluidic paper-based analytical devices ( μ PADs) have gained significant attention in the scientific community. Hitherto, μ PADs were fabricated by patterning hydrophobic regions using photoresist, wax crayons, solid-ink, plotting-machine, cutting paper via laser and conventional table-top solid wax printer. However, most

Tunnel Field Effect Transistors (TFETs) are potential semiconductor devices which offer low off current, sub-60 mV dec −1 subthreshold swing and significantly alleviated short channel effects, as compared to downscaled MOSFETs. However, the low on current in TFETs has been a major challenge which has propelled the direction of research towards proposals of novel geometries. The emergence of a number

Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) are used widely as active devices for biosensing applications. OECT geometry can also be optimized by modifying the parameters like channel thickness and width to length ratio of the device to achieve optimum performance. The geometrical optimization of the OECT was conducted in this work using poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS)

Monolithic on-chip integration of III–V compound semiconductor light-source components particularly on Si platforms is thought to be an important key technology in modern optoelectronics. Hydrogel-mediated semiconductor wafer bonding is an emerging technique for heterogeneous materials integration, simultaneously forming interfaces with high mechanical stability, electrical conductivity, optical transparency

Nano-porous silicon (PSi) layers have been prepared by electrochemical etching of (100) Si wafer in the mixture of ethanol (C 2 H 5 OH) and hydrofluoric acid (HF). The evolution of morphology of PSi as a function of current density was estimated using the image j and WSxM software’s based on the related SEM images. The electrochemical properties of PSi were investigated using the electrochemical impedance

Herein, we investigate wet-chemical etching of Ge (100) in acidic H 2 O 2 solutions for technologically advanced device processing. Nanoscale etching kinetics data were provided by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) measurements. Rotation rate- dependent measurement showed that the hydrodynamics of the system is important. The dependence of the etch rate on the HCl concentration

Two dimensional (2D) materials are the ideal choice for highly efficient, lightweight, low power consumption nanoelectronics in space science applications. Therefore, investigation of radiation hardness of 2D-materials is of great interest. Herein, we report the effect of gamma irradiation on chemical vapor deposition (CVD) synthesized crystalline monolayer (1 L) molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2 ) flakes

Tactile sensors with high flexibility have attracted great interest because of their huge potential in various applications including smart robots, smart prostheses, human-machine interfaces, and biological monitoring electronic devices. However, it remains a critical challenge to develop tactile sensors with both high sensitivity and flexibility. In this work, a flexible 8 × 8 array pressure sensors

In this paper a ternary half adder is proposed and designed using carbon nano-tube field effect (CNFET) transistors. This novel design in ternary logic is based on multiplexers and level converters. The performance of the proposed design is examined against different supply voltages and a range of temperatures and fan-outs. Propagation delay time, power consumption, power-delay product (PDP) and transistor

Since graphene was first isolated in 2004, research related to graphene-based 2D material for surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor applications has increased. Recently, other types of 2D materials such as Transition Metal Dichalcogenides have also been investigated. This 2D material has exceptional optical and electronic properties and can be utilized to improve the performance of biosensors.

As the technology node reaches 10 nm and below, cobalt has great potential as a barrier layer for copper interconnects and even as a new generation of interconnect materials. In this paper, the effect of double complexation of L-Aspartic Acid (L-Asp) and glutathione (GSH) on cobalt chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) is investigated in H 2 O 2 based alkaline slurry. The results reveal that L-Asp and

Synchrotron-based experiments in combination with optical measurements were used to explore the potential of a photovoltaic material based on silicon carbonitride (SiCN) thin films, in particular for the use in space solar cells. The large bandgap, SiCN films were fabricated using electron cyclotron resonance plasma-enhanced chemical vapour deposition (ECR-PECVD) followed by low-temperature annealing

In this work, electrical conductivity, permittivity behavior and microstructure of carbon materials derived from microcrystalline cellulose precursor at different carbonization temperature were investigated. Electrical percolation was observed with the self-constructed carbon percolative network formed. Plasma-like negative permittivity property was realized, which was well described by Drude model

Lateral Photovoltage Scanning (LPS) and Scanning Photoluminescence (SPL) methods are used simultaneously to reveal spatial distribution of electrically active defects in crystalline silicon. Defect information can be gained fast by measuring the phase shift between laser modulation and the LPS/SPL signals detected as the real and imaginary parts of the measurement signals. The laser power was varied

When a ferrite substrate is used to prepare thin-film InSb Hall element chips, one surface of the ferrite wafer needs to be polished. The traditional chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) method, often used for polishing of ferrite wafers, has several problems: a long time to install and remove wafers, a little high debris rate, and high cost. Taking advantage of the fact that ferrite wafers can be magnetically

This review manuscript presents Thin-Film Transistors (TFTs) for various highly sensitive biosensing applications. A low-cost, highly sensitive, early-stage diagnostic bio-sensing devices are vital for different biomedical and biological applications. Nanotechnology-based biosensor devices such as bioFET, thin-film transistor (TFT), etc. are used to overcome the problems of conventional health diagnostic

Respiratory diseases are becoming a severe health threat. To prevent exacerbation with early diagnosis, there is an urgent need for developing a respiratory function assay with ease of access. Tidal breathing pattern reflects a combination of the existing lung condition and the physiological demand. However, the interpretations of breath pattern remain underexplored. In this study, lung simulator with

Willemite ceramics have recently received considerable attention for microwave or millimeter-wave telecommunication because of their extremely high quality factor. Unfortunately, it suffers from difficulty in the formation of pure phase Zn 2 GeO 4 . Reducing ZnO content is favorable for its phase purification. In this work, an alternative method, introducing 2 Li to substitute Zn, was proposed to reduce

We demonstrated capacitive-type chemical sensors (chemicapacitor sensors) based on two-dimensional (2D) tungsten diselenide (WSe 2 ). The integration of 2D materials with high surface-to-volume ratios and a capacitor resulted in excellent chemical sensing with high selectivity, high sensitivity, and fast response. WSe 2 -based 2D chemicapacitors were fabricated by combining exfoliated WSe 2 flakes

The microwave dielectric properties of BiNbO 4 –FeNbO 4 ceramics prepared by the conventional solid-state reaction method, and co-fired at low temperature, had been investigated. The structure, phase composition and surface morphology were studied by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy techniques, respectively. The dielectric properties of the prepared samples were determined at ≈2.8

During the industrial application of the new phase change memory material carbon-doped Ge 2 Sb 2 Te 5 (GSTC), it is necessary to perform planarization for the confined memory cell structure through the chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) process. The goal of CMP is to acquire a high material removal rate and selectivity while ensuring that the polished surface is free of scratches and corrosion pits

In this research, we investigate the influence of the external magnetic field, chemical potential, and electron-phonon coupling strength on thermal conductivity and Seebeck coefficient of monolayer MoS 2 by using the Holstein model. The Green’s function is used to calculate the variation of thermoelectric properties of the monolayer MoS 2 . The numerical results reveal that the thermal conductivity

Activated carbon (AC) and glass fiber (GF) were functionalized with gold nanoparticles to test the efficiency of low cost supports and its effect on catalytic activity. The resulting supported gold was characterized using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS). The analysis shows the nanoparticle size to be 15 nm and

With the growing demand in the field of advanced materials, carbon nanomaterials have been widely used for various electronic applications such as solar cell, light-emitting diode, flexible/wearable device, battery, transistor, and supercapacitor. Notably, interfacial engineering and structural integration of carbon nanomaterials have become one of the prominent strategies to realize high-performance

Interactions between the reducing agent and graphene oxide (GO) has crucial importance since it affects the performance of the final three-dimensional graphene networks (3D-GNs) as a supercapacitor electrode. In this study, morphological and electrochemical properties of 3D-GNs fabricated through reducing of GO by ethylenediamine (EDA), L-ascorbic acid (AA), glucose (Glu), and citric acid (CA) reducing

Energy harvest systems are a scientific key and an economic driver for global industries in the near future with applications in health care, environmental monitoring, and more. Among them, the solution-processed Triboelectric Nanogenerator (TENG) substrate has fascinated important attention in the past decades and increasingly becomes the most suitable and promising prototype for healthcare/environmental

Internal photoemission spectroscopy was used to determine the valence band top energy position in few-monolayer WS 2 and WSe 2 films directly synthesized on top of the SiO 2 insulator. It is found that in WS 2 the valence band top edge lies systematically higher (by 0.4–0.7 eV) in energy than that in WSe 2 . This unexpected trend is seen for several synthesis methods suggesting it to be the intrinsic

Investigating submerged Solar Photovoltaics (SPV) has significant benefits in harvesting the useful amount of underwater solar energy. Earlier, the authors analysed the amorphous, mono- and poly-crystalline silicon solar cells with varying underwater conditions (Enaganti 2020). The findings indicated that SPV has a wide potential to utilize in underwater conditions for diverse applications. This has