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Friction stir welding (FSW) of 6-mm-thick plates of AA6061-T651 was carried out using a simple cylindrical pin tool. The impact of welding factors (rotational speed, welding speed) on tensile properties, microhardness, and surface roughness of FSW joints was investigated. Ultimate tensile strength (UTS), yield strength, and % elongation of AA6061-T651 base plate as well as FSW joints were found out

Friction stir welding (FSW) is a solid-state welding technique, which two workpieces join by pressure and large plastic deformation near their melting points. The tool offset, pin offset, and position of dissimilar alloys can highly affect the maximum temperature and heat distribution in FSW process. In current research, the effects of three mentioned variables on the maximum temperature of FSW of

The machining capability of metal composites is different compared to other materials because of their specific physical and mechanical properties. The aluminum composite A413 reinforced with Alumina powder is one of the materials which causes rapid erosion of the tool if traditional machining methods are employed. In this research, the electrical discharge machining experiments were conducted using

Composite material is being used in vehicles for protective structures against blast loading. Limited data is available which compare experimental works and numerical analysis in the open field environment. More data is needed in this area in order to be able to predict and use composite materials safely. In this work, the response of woven glass/epoxy composite plates under blast loading was investigated

The axisymmetric problem in two-dimensional transversely isotropic magneto-thermoelastic (TIMT) solid due to inclined load with Green–Naghdi (GN)-III theory and two temperature (2T) has been studied. The Laplace and Hankel transform has been used to get the expressions of temperature distribution, displacement, and stress components with the horizontal distance in the physical domain. The effect of

Presented are experimental results on the effect of concentration, aging, and annealing time on the optical and structural properties of sol gel zinc oxide (ZnO) and Al-doped ZnO thin films. ZnO and ZnO:Al thin films were fabricated on glass substrates using spin coating followed by annealing. XRD confirmed that the films are polycrystalline wurtzite. For low concentration films (0.2 and 0.4 M), grain

This work aims for a novel thermoelastic analysis methodology based on experimental steady-state temperature data and numerical displacement evaluation. The temperature data was acquired using thermal imaging and used as the input for a boundary element method (BEM) routine to evaluate its consequent thermoelastic displacement. The thermoelastic contribution to the resultant displacement arises in

Functionally graded material shafts are the main part of many modern rotary machines such as turbines and electric motors. The purpose of this study is to present an analytical solution of the elastic-plastic deformation of functionally graded material hollow rotor under a high centrifugal effect and finally determine the maximum allowed angular velocity of a hollow functionally graded material rotating

This paper studied the in-plane elastic stability including pre and post-buckling analysis of curved beams considering the effects of shear deformations, rotary inertia, and the geometric nonlinearity due to large deformations. Firstly, the governing nonlinear equations of motion were derived. The problem was solved performing both the static and dynamic analysis using the numerical method of differential

In this research, geometric parameters were given in dimensionless form by the Buckingham pi dimensional analysis method, and a series of dimensionless groups were found for deep drawing of the round cup. To find the best group of dimensionless geometric parameters, three scales are evaluated by commercial FE software. After analyzing all effective geometric parameters, a fittest relational model of

This review of MRF (magnetorheological fluids or MR fluids) brings out the challenges in methods of preparation, difficulties encountered in storage and use, and possible solutions to overcome the challenges. Magnetorheological fluid in the rheological fluid domain has found use due to its ability to change its shear strength based on the applied magnetic field. Magnetorheological fluids are composed

The present research deals with the propagation of Rayleigh wave in transversely isotropic magneto-thermoelastic homogeneous medium in the presence of mass diffusion and three-phase-lag heat transfer. The wave characteristics such as phase velocity, attenuation coefficients, specific loss, and penetration depths are computed numerically and depicted graphically. The normal stress, tangential stress

The laminar 2-D blended convection of the nanofluids at different volume fractions has gained interest in the last decade due to an enormous application in technology. The laminar-flow stream system can be further modified by changing the geometry of the channel, adding an external heating source, and changing the initial conditions at which the stream is being influenced. The investigation of this

The present research deals with the deformation in transversely isotropic thermoelastic (TIT) thin circular plate. Rotation effect is studied under thermally insulated as well as isothermal boundaries. The Laplace and Hankel transform techniques have been used to find the solution to the problem. The displacement components, conductive temperature distribution, and stress components with the radial

A progressive trend in instructional materials is the analytical plan and manufacture of fundamental operating equipment. LDPE/Gr nanocompounds were researched using various techniques such as Raman spectra (RS), XRD, SEM, and TEM based on Gr distribution, morphology, and crystal structure. The results presented by SEM showed that the addition of Grs was distributed homogeneously in the LDPE matrix

Experimental studies have been carried out to establish the possibility of using vibratory machining technology through shock-wave transmission for oxide coating preparation on aluminum-alloyed machine components and also to discuss the technological possibilities of applying vibration mechanochemical solid lubricant coatings based on MoS2 to improve the surface quality and performance properties of

The effectiveness of different methods, schemes, algorithms, and approaches is of substantial challenging problems in numerical modeling of transport phenomena. In the present paper, a lid-driven cavity problem is modeled via two basically different approaches of spatial discretization: collocated and staggered. The non-dimensionalized governing equations are semi-discretized by using a finite volume

The aim of this study was to establish the effect of cross bore configuration geometry on stress concentration in cross-bored high-pressure vessels. The cross bore geometry parameters with adverse effects on stress concentration include cross bore size, shape, location, obliquity, and thickness ratio. However, there were no conducted studies on the optimal combination on these geometric configuration

Stable and high surface area zirconium oxide nanoparticles have been synthesised by means of the hydrothermal method. The Brunauer–Emmett–Teller results show that a high surface area of 543 m2/g was obtained in the hydrothermal process, having a high porosity in nanometre range. The hydrothermal method was applied at 120 °C by using an autoclave with a Teflon liner at an ambient pressure for 48 h.

Three-dimensional finite element analyses were performed on closed-ended thick-walled cylinders with a radial cross bore under internal pressure. The aim of this study was to determine the behaviour of the hoop stress as well as to establish the optimal Stress Concentration Factors (SCF). Cylinders of thickness ratios of 3.0 down to 1.4 with cross bore size ratios (cross bore to main bore ratio) ranging

This study was conducted to investigate the synergistic effects of cutting parameters on surface roughness in ball end milling of oxygen-free high conductivity (OFHC) copper and to determine a statistical model that can suitably correlate the experimental results. Firstly, an experimental plan based on a full factorial rotatable central composite design with variable parameters, the cutting feed rate

This paper aimed to study the influence of zirconium phosphate (ZrP) nanoparticles on reducing the diameter of nanofibres during electrospinning. Addition of metal oxide such as zirconium phosphate decreases the diameter and smooths on the polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibres as observed by the SEM techniques. Furthermore, this work investigated the effect of zirconium phosphate on the morphology and

In the machining operations, final surface finish and dimensional accuracy are the most specified customer requirements. Hard turning machining operation using cubic boron nitride tool as an alternative of grinding process is a type of turning operation in which hardened steel are machined with the hardness greater than 45 HRc. During the hard turning operation because of the hard condition, the variations

The primary function of a suspension system is to isolate the vehicle body from road irregularities thus providing the ride comfort and to support the vehicle and provide stability. The suspension system has to perform conflicting requirements; hence, a passive suspension system is replaced by the active suspension system which can supply force to the system. Active suspension supplies energy to respond

The theoretical investigation of the rapid sintering mechanism under pulse electric current sintering has no unified understanding. Especially for non-conductive powder, since there is no current flowing directly through the powder materials, the driving force in the neck growth mechanism becomes a key problem and needs to make progress. The sintering driving force of nonconductive Al2O3 powders at

Analytical method for studying stress concentration around arbitrary shape cavity is proposed. The method is based on the assumption that it is possible to simulate the influence of cavity on the redistribution of internal forces by including fictitious forces in the solution. To determine the stress-strain state, additional forces acting on cavity surface are used. The magnitude of these forces is

The aim of this study is to propose a method for studying the free transverse vibration of the human lumbar spine using Timoshenko and Euler–Bernoulli beam theories. The cross section of the lumber spine is assumed to be uniform, and the material properties are different for the vertebral bodies, endplates, and intervertebral discs. To derive equations with biomedical approach, they were developed

Applying nanofluid made by adding alumina nanoparticles to industrial oil may reduce the cutting force, friction, and cutting temperature and, from that, improve the tool life in the hobbing process. However, it is difficult to set up the experiment for the actual gear hobbing process, because measuring the cutting force and temperature in the hobbing process is very complicated and expensive. Therefore

Measurement of the ductility like elongation and reduction of area of the fine metal wire is important because of the progress for the weight reduction and miniaturization of various products. This study established a simple and reliable method of measuring the ductility of a fine metal wire. Tensile and loading-unloading tests were performed with applying initial load to high-carbon steel wire (diameters

In this paper, the heat and mass transfer of MHD nanofluid squeezing flow between two parallel plates are investigated. In squeezing flows, a material is compressed between two parallel plates and then squeezed out radially. The significance of this study is the hydrothermal investigation of MHD nanofluid during squeezing flow. The affecting parameters on the flow and heat transfer are Brownian motion

Structure and properties of welded joints of low-alloy thermomechanically processed (09G2FB) and quenched and tempered shipbuilding steels (10XN2MD, 08XN3MD, and 12XN3MF), welded with manual metal arc welding (MMA) and submerged arc welding (SAW), were studied. Effects of specific energy input on the microstructure, mechanical properties, and impact energy of the heat-affected zone (HAZ) have been

This paper explores the impact of thermal radiation on boundary layer flow of dusty hyperbolic tangent fluid over a stretching sheet in the presence of magnetic field. The flow is generated by the action of two equal and opposite. A uniform magnetic field is imposed along the y-axis and the sheet being stretched with the velocity along the x-axis. The number density is assumed to be constant and volume

Metal forming has played a significant role in manufacturing development, thus investigations in the field of metal forming to improve the quality of the forming process are necessary. In the present study, the experimental and numerical analysis of airfoil contour forming of 301 austenitic stainless steel is examined in order to reduce the spring reversible ability under preheat temperature. Considering

Renewable energy resources are becoming more important to meet growing energy demands while reducing pollutants in the environment. In the current market, wind turbines are primarily restricted to rural use due to the large size, noise creation, and physical appearance. However, wind turbines possess the ability to run at any time of the day. Horizontal axis wind turbines remain the most widely used

The present exploration deliberates the effect of nonlinear thermal radiation on double diffusive free convective boundary layer flow of a viscoelastic nanofluid over a stretching sheet. Fluid is assumed to be electrically conducting in the presence of applied magnetic field. In this model, the Brownian motion and thermophoresis are classified as the main mechanisms which are responsible for the enhancement

In this study, a quasi-analytical solution for longitudinal fin and pin heat conduction problems is investigated. The differential transform method, which is based on the Taylor series expansion, is adapted for the development of the solution. The proposed differential transform solution uses a set of mathematical operations to transform the heat conduction equation together with the fin profile in

The gouging torch process using air carbon arc cutting (CAC) device is a standard maintenance procedure carrying out in high-tonne equipment used in the minery industry. The application of this process could locally affect the mechanical properties and the microstructure in the thermally affect zone (HAZ). The changes involve variation in the local carbon concentration and a tempering effect. In commonly

Vanadium alloy is one of the potential candidate material for structural applications in a commercial fusion reactor. Extended survival of a structural material has a direct consequence on the net energy produced in a fusion reaction, it is important to develop ultra-functional materials with tailored microstructures, to meet the harsh fusion environments. Microstructure of material, indeed depend

Membranes often feature in dynamic structures. The design of such structures generally includes the evaluation of their dynamic characteristics, such as natural frequecies and mode shapes. The quasi-statics ad dyamic responses of thin rubber sheeting were investigated through non-contact experimental techniques. The rubber sheeting was modelled as a membrane structure and the material was assumed to

One of the current problems in studying the mechanical properties and behavior of structurally inhomogeneous media with cracks is the characterization of acoustic wave propagation. This is especially important in Geomechanics and prognosis of earthquakes. In this work, the authors propose an approach that could simplify characterization of wave propagation in medium with cracks. It is based on homogenization

Side-impact collisions represent the second greatest cause of fatality in motor vehicle accidents. Side-impact airbags have been installed in recent model year vehicle due to its effectiveness in reducing passengers’ injuries and fatality rates. In meeting these requirements, simulations of folding and deploying airbags are very useful and are widely used. The paper presents a simulation method for

Impedance pump is a simple valveless pumping mechanism, which transports fluid through the mismatch of impedance in the system. Mismatch in impedance occurs when an asymmetrical periodic excitation is exerted on the elastic tube. Periodic asymmetrical excitation will then produce a unidirectional flow. Considering a multi-stage system with a single and constant power source, it is well expected that

Strain and stress conditions in sheet metal shearing are of interest for calibration of various fracture criteria. Most fracture criteria are governed by effective strain and stress triaxiality. This work is an attempt to extend previous measurements of strain fields in shearing of steel sheets with the stress state calculated from the measured displacement fields. Results are presented in terms of

The purpose of the study is to investigate the effects of variable fluid properties, the velocity slip and the temperature slip on the time-dependent MHD squeezing flow of nanofluids between two parallel disks with transpiration. The boundary layer approximation and the small magnetic Reynolds number assumptions are used. The non-linear governing equations with appropriate boundary conditions are initially

The Saint-Venant problem for porous elastic cylinders is of interest both from the technical and mathematical point of view. The intended applications of solution are to mechanics of bone and to some engineering structures. This work investigates the Saint-Venant problem for almost prismatic bars made of an isotropic porous material. We express the solution in terms of the solutions of two problems

This paper presents a numerical study of heat transfer inside the adsorber-collector of a solar adsorption refrigerator using the activated carbon AC35-methanol pair. The objective is to estimate the amount of the heat loss through the adsorber-collector, during the solar heating phase, and to determine the effect of heating time on the thermal efficiency of the system. The numerical results showed

The austenitic stainless steel 304L is widely used as a structural material for which the finished surface has significant effect on the service performance. A study of the grinding process with regard to the quality of the ground surfaces is therefore interesting from the point of view of both industrial application and scientific research. This work investigates the influence of grinding parameters

In rubber elastic models it is generally assumed that the bulk modulus is infinite, resulting in a material that does not change its volume and a pressure that cannot be evaluated from the material model. We have developed a general procedure that incorporates a finite bulk modulus. Using the developed framework accurate results can be obtained without the need for special finite elements. It gives

A theoretical study was performed of mode II delamination in a multilayered functionally graded beam configuration with considering the material non-linearity. The fracture was analysed by the J-integral approach. Two laws (quadratic and exponential) for variation of the modulus of elasticity along the beam height were applied. The J-integral closed form non-linear analytical solutions derived were

Attractive properties of TRIP-type bainitic ferrite (TBF) steel ascribe to its unique microstructure of lath structure bainitic ferrite matrix and interlath retained austenite films. This work is concerned with obtaining ultra high-strength hot forged TBF steel with high elongation and excellent strength-elongation balance. The effect of austempering temperature on the microstructure along with its

Improvement of the mechanical and tribological properties due to extrusion can be attributed to the improved density and excellent bond strength due to high compressive stress. To avoid the product defects mathematically contoured cosine profiled die was used for the thermomechanical treatment. Improvement of mechanical characterization like density, hardness, compression test and three-point-bend

The effect of β annealing on high cycle fatigue (HCF) and fatigue crack propagation (FCP) behaviors of Ti64 alloy were examined, and the results were compared to those of mill-annealed counterpart. The tensile tests, stress-controlled HCF tests, and FCP tests were conducted, and the fractographic and micrographic analyses were performed before and after the tests. The β-annealed Ti64 specimen showed

There is a shortage of experimentally determined strains during sheet metal shearing. These kinds of data are a requisite to validate shearing models and to simulate the shearing process. In this work, strain fields were continuously measured during shearing of a medium and a high strength steel sheet, using digital image correlation. Preliminary studies based on finite element simulations, suggested

The first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT) for plates requires a shear correction factor due to the assumption of constant shear strain and shear stress across the thickness; hence, the shear correction factor strongly influences the accuracy of the deflection solution; the third-order shear deformation theory (TSDT) does not require a correction factor because it facilitates the change in shear

Friction stir processing (FSP) is a solid-state processing method, which recently gained wide popularity to modify the microstructure of metallic surfaces and to produce surface composites. For the past decade, composites of different materials such as aluminum, copper, magnesium, titanium, and their alloys were successfully produced by FSP. The amount of secondary phase that is dispersed at the surface

An ISO standard tooth profile has a symmetric pressure angle of 20°. However, the load capacity can be increased with respect to bending and contact pressure by increasing the pressure angle on the meshing side of an asymmetric tooth. Accordingly, we analyzed the torque transmission capacity of asymmetric gears with various pressure angles. We calculated the deflection and bending stress of teeth by

Shearing is a fast and inexpensive method to cut sheet metal that has been used since the beginning of the industrialism. Consequently, published experimental studies of shearing can be found from over a century back in time. Recent studies, however, are due to the availability of low-cost digital computation power, mostly based on finite element simulations that guarantees quick results. Still, for

Turbulent forced convection and heat transfer structure in the spirally semicircle-grooved tube heat exchanger are numerically examined. The computational problem is solved by finite volume method (FVM) with the SIMPLE algorithm. The influences of groove depth and helical pitch on heat transfer, pressure loss, and thermal performance are investigated for turbulent regime, Re = 5000–20,000. As a result

This paper optimizes the crushing response and energy absorption of functionally graded thickness (FGT) inversion tubes using the multi-objective optimization method. The numerical results, which are validated by the experimental tests, confirm that optimizing geometry of FGT inversion tube improves energy absorption capacity with respect to ordinary uniform tube UT with the same weight. Our study